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  • Mice  (205)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (205)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (205)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 101
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Kristen L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):54-5. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6230.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*immunology/*therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: Inflammatory CD4(+) T cell responses to self or commensal bacteria underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively. Although selection of self-specific T cells in the thymus limits responses to mammalian tissue antigens, the mechanisms that control selection of commensal bacteria-specific T cells remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-intrinsic expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is regulated similarly to thymic epithelial cells and that MHCII(+) ILC3s directly induce cell death of activated commensal bacteria-specific T cells. Further, MHCII on colonic ILC3s was reduced in pediatric IBD patients. Collectively, these results define a selection pathway for commensal bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cells in the intestine and suggest that this process is dysregulated in human IBD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hepworth, Matthew R -- Fung, Thomas C -- Masur, Samuel H -- Kelsen, Judith R -- McConnell, Fiona M -- Dubrot, Juan -- Withers, David R -- Hugues, Stephanie -- Farrar, Michael A -- Reith, Walter -- Eberl, Gerard -- Baldassano, Robert N -- Laufer, Terri M -- Elson, Charles O -- Sonnenberg, Gregory F -- DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1031-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4812. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Medical Research Council, Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France. ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. gfsonnenberg@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Bacteria/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Colon/*microbiology ; Female ; Flagellin/genetics/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Symbiosis ; Thymus Gland/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):575-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*cytology ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cell Shape ; Humans ; Identity Crisis ; Interneurons/classification ; Mice ; Neuroanatomy/*methods ; Neurons/*classification ; Retina/cytology ; Silver Staining ; Visual Cortex/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness, constantly changes its dense variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat to avoid elimination by the immune system of its mammalian host, using an extensive repertoire of dedicated genes. However, the dynamics of VSG expression in T. brucei during an infection are poorly understood. We have developed a method, based on de novo assembly of VSGs, for quantitatively examining the diversity of expressed VSGs in any population of trypanosomes and monitored VSG population dynamics in vivo. Our experiments revealed unexpected diversity within parasite populations and a mechanism for diversifying the genome-encoded VSG repertoire. The interaction between T. brucei and its host is substantially more dynamic and nuanced than previously expected.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mugnier, Monica R -- Cross, George A M -- Papavasiliou, F Nina -- AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI097127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1470-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. papavasiliou@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigenic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/*immunology ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 105
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Microbubbles ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology/therapy ; *Ultrasonic Therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Dynactin is an essential cofactor for the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1. We report the structure of the 23-subunit dynactin complex by cryo-electron microscopy to 4.0 angstroms. Our reconstruction reveals how dynactin is built around a filament containing eight copies of the actin-related protein Arp1 and one of beta-actin. The filament is capped at each end by distinct protein complexes, and its length is defined by elongated peptides that emerge from the alpha-helical shoulder domain. A further 8.2 angstrom structure of the complex between dynein, dynactin, and the motility-inducing cargo adaptor Bicaudal-D2 shows how the translational symmetry of the dynein tail matches that of the dynactin filament. The Bicaudal-D2 coiled coil runs between dynein and dynactin to stabilize the mutually dependent interactions between all three components.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urnavicius, Linas -- Zhang, Kai -- Diamant, Aristides G -- Motz, Carina -- Schlager, Max A -- Yu, Minmin -- Patel, Nisha A -- Robinson, Carol V -- Carter, Andrew P -- 100387/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1011/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT100387/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1441-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4080. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. cartera@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry ; Animals ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*chemistry ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Swine
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Antitumor immunity driven by intratumoral dendritic cells contributes to the efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in cancer. We identified a loss-of-function allele of the gene coding for formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) that was associated with poor metastasis-free and overall survival in breast and colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects of anthracyclines were abrogated in tumor-bearing Fpr1(-/-) mice due to impaired antitumor immunity. Fpr1-deficient dendritic cells failed to approach dying cancer cells and, as a result, could not elicit antitumor T cell immunity. Experiments performed in a microfluidic device confirmed that FPR1 and its ligand, annexin-1, promoted stable interactions between dying cancer cells and human or murine leukocytes. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of FPR1 in chemotherapy-induced anticancer immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vacchelli, Erika -- Ma, Yuting -- Baracco, Elisa E -- Sistigu, Antonella -- Enot, David P -- Pietrocola, Federico -- Yang, Heng -- Adjemian, Sandy -- Chaba, Kariman -- Semeraro, Michaela -- Signore, Michele -- De Ninno, Adele -- Lucarini, Valeria -- Peschiaroli, Francesca -- Businaro, Luca -- Gerardino, Annamaria -- Manic, Gwenola -- Ulas, Thomas -- Gunther, Patrick -- Schultze, Joachim L -- Kepp, Oliver -- Stoll, Gautier -- Lefebvre, Celine -- Mulot, Claire -- Castoldi, Francesca -- Rusakiewicz, Sylvie -- Ladoire, Sylvain -- Apetoh, Lionel -- Bravo-San Pedro, Jose Manuel -- Lucattelli, Monica -- Delarasse, Cecile -- Boige, Valerie -- Ducreux, Michel -- Delaloge, Suzette -- Borg, Christophe -- Andre, Fabrice -- Schiavoni, Giovanna -- Vitale, Ilio -- Laurent-Puig, Pierre -- Mattei, Fabrizio -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Kroemer, Guido -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):972-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0779. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. ; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France. ; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. ; Italian National Research Council, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Rome, Italy. ; Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Center Institute, University of Bonn, Germany. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. ; Universite Paris Sorbonne Cite, UMRS 775, INSERM, Paris, France. INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France. Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France. Centre Georges Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France. ; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. ; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, ICM CNRS UMR 7225 - INSERM U 1127 - UPMC-P6 UMR S 1127, Equipe Neurogenetique et Physiologie Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, 47, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France. ; INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France. ; Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France. ; INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. Department of Breast Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; University of Franche-Comte, INSERM 1098, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy. ; Universite Paris Sorbonne Cite, UMRS 775, INSERM, Paris, France. INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France. kroemer@orange.fr laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. kroemer@orange.fr laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Annexin A1/metabolism/pharmacology ; Anthracyclines/*therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Leukocytes/drug effects/immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Infections and inflammation can lead to cachexia and wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue by as yet poorly understood mechanisms. We observed that gut colonization of mice by a strain of Escherichia coli prevents wasting triggered by infections or physical damage to the intestine. During intestinal infection with the pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium or pneumonic infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, the presence of this E. coli did not alter changes in host metabolism, caloric uptake, or inflammation but instead sustained signaling of the insulin-like growth factor 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle, which is required for prevention of muscle wasting. This effect was dependent on engagement of the NLRC4 inflammasome. Therefore, this commensal promotes tolerance to diverse diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732872/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732872/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schieber, Alexandria M Palaferri -- Lee, Yujung Michelle -- Chang, Max W -- Leblanc, Mathias -- Collins, Brett -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- Ayres, Janelle S -- CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK0577978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI114929/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI114929/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):558-63. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6468.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. jayres@salk.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Burkholderia ; Burkholderia Infections/complications ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Inflammasomes/*immunology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Microbiota ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections/complications ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Wasting Syndrome/etiology/*immunology/*microbiology
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins encode the epigenetic memory of cellular positional identity by establishing inheritable domains of repressive and active chromatin within the Hox clusters. Here we demonstrate that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions to insulate these adjacent yet antagonistic chromatin domains during embryonic stem cell differentiation into cervical motor neurons. Deletion of CTCF binding sites within the Hox clusters results in the expansion of active chromatin into the repressive domain. CTCF functions as an insulator by organizing Hox clusters into spatially disjoint domains. Ablation of CTCF binding disrupts topological boundaries such that caudal Hox genes leave the repressed domain and become subject to transcriptional activation. Hence, CTCF is required to insulate facultative heterochromatin from impinging euchromatin to produce discrete positional identities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narendra, Varun -- Rocha, Pedro P -- An, Disi -- Raviram, Ramya -- Skok, Jane A -- Mazzoni, Esteban O -- Reinberg, Danny -- GM-64844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37-37120/PHS HHS/ -- T32 GM007238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1017-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1262088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Multigene Family ; Neck ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the expression of many genes in metazoans by accelerating messenger RNA degradation and inhibiting translation, thereby reducing the level of protein. However, miRNAs only slightly reduce the mean expression of most targeted proteins, leading to speculation about their role in the variability, or noise, of protein expression. We used mathematical modeling and single-cell reporter assays to show that miRNAs, in conjunction with increased transcription, decrease protein expression noise for lowly expressed genes but increase noise for highly expressed genes. Genes that are regulated by multiple miRNAs show more-pronounced noise reduction. We estimate that hundreds of (lowly expressed) genes in mouse embryonic stem cells have reduced noise due to substantial miRNA regulation. Our findings suggest that miRNAs confer precision to protein expression and thus offer plausible explanations for the commonly observed combinatorial targeting of endogenous genes by multiple miRNAs, as well as the preferential targeting of lowly expressed genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmiedel, Jorn M -- Klemm, Sandy L -- Zheng, Yannan -- Sahay, Apratim -- Bluthgen, Nils -- Marks, Debora S -- van Oudenaarden, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):128-32. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) increases life span and health span in nematodes through an unknown mechanism. We report that neuronal stabilization of HIF-1 mediates these effects in Caenorhabditis elegans through a cell nonautonomous signal to the intestine, which results in activation of the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase-2 (FMO-2). This prolongevity signal requires the serotonin biosynthetic enzyme TPH-1 in neurons and the serotonin receptor SER-7 in the intestine. Intestinal FMO-2 is also activated by dietary restriction (DR) and is necessary for DR-mediated life-span extension, which suggests that this enzyme represents a point of convergence for two distinct longevity pathways. FMOs are conserved in eukaryotes and induced by multiple life span-extending interventions in mice, which suggests that these enzymes may play a critical role in promoting health and longevity across phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leiser, Scott F -- Miller, Hillary -- Rossner, Ryan -- Fletcher, Marissa -- Leonard, Alison -- Primitivo, Melissa -- Rintala, Nicholas -- Ramos, Fresnida J -- Miller, Dana L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AGA0033050/PHS HHS/ -- R01AG038518/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32AG000057/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9257. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Diet ; Intestines/*enzymology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oxygenases/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Stability ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Aneuploidy in human eggs is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and several genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Most aneuploidy results from chromosome segregation errors during the meiotic divisions of an oocyte, the egg's progenitor cell. The basis for particularly error-prone chromosome segregation in human oocytes is not known. We analyzed meiosis in more than 100 live human oocytes and identified an error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly mechanism as a major contributor to chromosome segregation defects. Human oocytes assembled a meiotic spindle independently of either centrosomes or other microtubule organizing centers. Instead, spindle assembly was mediated by chromosomes and the small guanosine triphosphatase Ran in a process requiring ~16 hours. This unusually long spindle assembly period was marked by intrinsic spindle instability and abnormal kinetochore-microtubule attachments, which favor chromosome segregation errors and provide a possible explanation for high rates of aneuploidy in human eggs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477045/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477045/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holubcova, Zuzana -- Blayney, Martyn -- Elder, Kay -- Schuh, Melina -- MC_U105192711/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK. ; Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. mschuh@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Segregation ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Organizing Center/metabolism ; Oocytes/*pathology ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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  • 113
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):614-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6261.614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD274/antagonists & inhibitors ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; Burkholderia/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Mice ; Microbiota/genetics/*immunology ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; Probiotics/*therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: Growing up on a dairy farm protects children from allergy, hay fever, and asthma. A mechanism linking exposure to this endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)-rich environment with protection has remained elusive. Here we show that chronic exposure to low-dose endotoxin or farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Endotoxin reduced epithelial cell cytokines that activate dendritic cells (DCs), thus suppressing type 2 immunity to HDMs. Loss of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 in lung epithelium abolished the protective effect. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding A20 was associated with allergy and asthma risk in children growing up on farms. Thus, the farming environment protects from allergy by modifying the communication between barrier epithelial cells and DCs through A20 induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuijs, Martijn J -- Willart, Monique A -- Vergote, Karl -- Gras, Delphine -- Deswarte, Kim -- Ege, Markus J -- Madeira, Filipe Branco -- Beyaert, Rudi -- van Loo, Geert -- Bracher, Franz -- von Mutius, Erika -- Chanez, Pascal -- Lambrecht, Bart N -- Hammad, Hamida -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1106-10. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany. ; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/prevention & control ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Dairying ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Dust/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Hypersensitivity/enzymology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology ; Lung/*enzymology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Pyroglyphidae/*immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*enzymology/immunology
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  • 115
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1058-9, 1061. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Approval ; Humans ; Immune System/immunology ; Mice ; Multiple Sclerosis/*therapy ; Myelin Sheath/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice did not respond to CTLA blockade. This defect was overcome by gavage with B. fragilis, by immunization with B. fragilis polysaccharides, or by adoptive transfer of B. fragilis-specific T cells. Fecal microbial transplantation from humans to mice confirmed that treatment of melanoma patients with antibodies against CTLA-4 favored the outgrowth of B. fragilis with anticancer properties. This study reveals a key role for Bacteroidales in the immunostimulatory effects of CTLA-4 blockade.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vetizou, Marie -- Pitt, Jonathan M -- Daillere, Romain -- Lepage, Patricia -- Waldschmitt, Nadine -- Flament, Caroline -- Rusakiewicz, Sylvie -- Routy, Bertrand -- Roberti, Maria P -- Duong, Connie P M -- Poirier-Colame, Vichnou -- Roux, Antoine -- Becharef, Sonia -- Formenti, Silvia -- Golden, Encouse -- Cording, Sascha -- Eberl, Gerard -- Schlitzer, Andreas -- Ginhoux, Florent -- Mani, Sridhar -- Yamazaki, Takahiro -- Jacquelot, Nicolas -- Enot, David P -- Berard, Marion -- Nigou, Jerome -- Opolon, Paule -- Eggermont, Alexander -- Woerther, Paul-Louis -- Chachaty, Elisabeth -- Chaput, Nathalie -- Robert, Caroline -- Mateus, Christina -- Kroemer, Guido -- Raoult, Didier -- Boneca, Ivo Gomperts -- Carbonnel, Franck -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- R01 CA161879/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079-84. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1329. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Micalis-UMR1319, 78360 Jouy-en-Josas, France. ; University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunite de Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ; Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. ; Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France. Universite de Toulouse, Universite Paul Sabatier, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, UMS 3655 CNRS/US 23 INSERM, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. INSERM U981, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. INSERM U848, Villejuif, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Unite des Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Unit of Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, France. INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, France. ; University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Gastroenterology Department, Hopital Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life/immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunotherapy ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Melanoma/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Skin Neoplasms/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: The carnivoran giant panda has a specialized bamboo diet, to which its alimentary tract is poorly adapted. Measurements of daily energy expenditure across five captive and three wild pandas averaged 5.2 megajoules (MJ)/day, only 37.7% of the predicted value (13.8 MJ/day). For the wild pandas, the mean was 6.2 MJ/day, or 45% of the mammalian expectation. Pandas achieve this exceptionally low expenditure in part by reduced sizes of several vital organs and low physical activity. In addition, circulating levels of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) averaged 46.9 and 64%, respectively, of the levels expected for a eutherian mammal of comparable size. A giant panda-unique mutation in the DUOX2 gene, critical for thyroid hormone synthesis, might explain these low thyroid hormone levels. A combination of morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic adaptations, leading to low energy expenditure, likely enables giant pandas to survive on a bamboo diet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nie, Yonggang -- Speakman, John R -- Wu, Qi -- Zhang, Chenglin -- Hu, Yibo -- Xia, Maohua -- Yan, Li -- Hambly, Catherine -- Wang, Lu -- Wei, Wei -- Zhang, Jinguo -- Wei, Fuwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):171-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China. ; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. weifw@ioz.ac.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Body Temperature ; Cattle ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; *Eating ; Energy Metabolism/genetics/*physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity ; NADPH Oxidase/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Sasa ; Thyroxine/blood ; Triiodothyronine/blood ; Ursidae/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology
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  • 118
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):261-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Chimera ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Organ Transplantation ; Rats ; Stem Cell Research/*economics ; Swine ; United States
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: There are four closely-related dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with one serotype generates antibodies that may cross-react and enhance infection with other serotypes in a secondary infection. We demonstrated that DENV serotype 2 (DENV2)-specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 2D22 is therapeutic in a mouse model of antibody-enhanced severe dengue disease. We determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HMAb 2D22 complexed with two different DENV2 strains. HMAb 2D22 binds across viral envelope (E) proteins in the dimeric structure, which probably blocks the E protein reorganization required for virus fusion. HMAb 2D22 "locks" two-thirds of or all dimers on the virus surface, depending on the strain, but neutralizes these DENV2 strains with equal potency. The epitope defined by HMAb 2D22 is a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672004/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672004/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibriansah, Guntur -- Ibarra, Kristie D -- Ng, Thiam-Seng -- Smith, Scott A -- Tan, Joanne L -- Lim, Xin-Ni -- Ooi, Justin S G -- Kostyuchenko, Victor A -- Wang, Jiaqi -- de Silva, Aravinda M -- Harris, Eva -- Crowe, James E Jr -- Lok, Shee-Mei -- K08 AI103038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI107731/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI065359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):88-91. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sheemei.lok@duke-nus.edu.sg james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu. ; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore. sheemei.lok@duke-nus.edu.sg james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*ultrastructure ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*ultrastructure ; Coinfection/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dengue Virus/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Serogroup ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a highly prevalent posttranscriptional modification of RNA, mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes. In addition to RNA editing, additional functions have been proposed for ADAR1. To determine the specific role of RNA editing by ADAR1, we generated mice with an editing-deficient knock-in mutation (Adar1(E861A), where E861A denotes Glu(861)--〉Ala(861)). Adar1(E861A/E861A) embryos died at ~E13.5 (embryonic day 13.5), with activated interferon and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-sensing pathways. Genome-wide analysis of the in vivo substrates of ADAR1 identified clustered hyperediting within long dsRNA stem loops within 3' untranslated regions of endogenous transcripts. Finally, embryonic death and phenotypes of Adar1(E861A/E861A) were rescued by concurrent deletion of the cytosolic sensor of dsRNA, MDA5. A-to-I editing of endogenous dsRNA is the essential function of ADAR1, preventing the activation of the cytosolic dsRNA response by endogenous transcripts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liddicoat, Brian J -- Piskol, Robert -- Chalk, Alistair M -- Ramaswami, Gokul -- Higuchi, Miyoko -- Hartner, Jochen C -- Li, Jin Billy -- Seeburg, Peter H -- Walkley, Carl R -- R01GM102484/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1115-20. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7049. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Taconic Biosciences, 51063 Cologne, Germany. ; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. cwalkley@svi.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26275108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Adenosine/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo Loss/*genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Inosine/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA Editing ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory transmitter in the mature brain but is excitatory in the developing cortex. We found that mouse zona incerta (ZI) projection neurons form a GABAergic axon plexus in neonatal cortical layer 1, making synapses with neurons in both deep and superficial layers. A similar depolarizing GABAergic plexus exists in the developing human cortex. Selectively silencing mouse ZI GABAergic neurons at birth decreased synaptic activity and apical dendritic complexity of cortical neurons. The ZI GABAergic projection becomes inhibitory with maturation and can block epileptiform activity in the adult brain. These data reveal an early-developing GABAergic projection from the ZI to cortical layer 1 that is essential for proper development of cortical neurons and balances excitation with inhibition in the adult cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Jiadong -- Kriegstein, Arnold R -- R37 NS35710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):554-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6472. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. jardongchen@gmail.com kriegsteina@stemcell.ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology ; GABAergic Neurons/*cytology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Synaptic Transmission ; Zona Incerta/cytology/*embryology
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex reflects increased amplification of basal progenitors in the subventricular zone, producing more neurons during fetal corticogenesis. In this work, we analyze the transcriptomes of distinct progenitor subpopulations isolated by a cell polarity-based approach from developing mouse and human neocortex. We identify 56 genes preferentially expressed in human apical and basal radial glia that lack mouse orthologs. Among these, ARHGAP11B has the highest degree of radial glia-specific expression. ARHGAP11B arose from partial duplication of ARHGAP11A (which encodes a Rho guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein) on the human lineage after separation from the chimpanzee lineage. Expression of ARHGAP11B in embryonic mouse neocortex promotes basal progenitor generation and self-renewal and can increase cortical plate area and induce gyrification. Hence, ARHGAP11B may have contributed to evolutionary expansion of human neocortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Florio, Marta -- Albert, Mareike -- Taverna, Elena -- Namba, Takashi -- Brandl, Holger -- Lewitus, Eric -- Haffner, Christiane -- Sykes, Alex -- Wong, Fong Kuan -- Peters, Jula -- Guhr, Elaine -- Klemroth, Sylvia -- Prufer, Kay -- Kelso, Janet -- Naumann, Ronald -- Nusslein, Ina -- Dahl, Andreas -- Lachmann, Robert -- Paabo, Svante -- Huttner, Wieland B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1465-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1975. Epub 2015 Feb 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Technische Universitat Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Technische Universitat Dresden, Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. huttner@mpi-cbg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Separation ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Duplication ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles/cytology ; Mice ; Neocortex/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Neuroglia/cytology/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcriptome
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: During viral infections, chemokines guide activated effector T cells to infection sites. However, the cells responsible for producing these chemokines and how such chemokines recruit T cells are unknown. Here, we show that the early recruitment of neutrophils into influenza-infected trachea is essential for CD8(+) T cell-mediated immune protection in mice. We observed that migrating neutrophils leave behind long-lasting trails that are enriched in the chemokine CXCL12. Experiments with granulocyte-specific CXCL12 conditionally depleted mice and a CXCR4 antagonist revealed that CXCL12 derived from neutrophil trails is critical for virus-specific CD8(+) T cell recruitment and effector functions. Collectively, these results suggest that neutrophils deposit long-lasting, chemokine-containing trails, which may provide both chemotactic and haptotactic cues for efficient CD8(+) T cell migration and localization in influenza-infected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Kihong -- Hyun, Young-Min -- Lambert-Emo, Kris -- Capece, Tara -- Bae, Seyeon -- Miller, Richard -- Topham, David J -- Kim, Minsoo -- AI102851/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272201400005C/PHS HHS/ -- HL087088/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):aaa4352. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4352.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. minsoo_kim@urmc.rochester.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Chemokine CXCL12/*immunology/pharmacology ; Chemotaxis/*immunology ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Influenza A virus/*immunology ; Lung/immunology/virology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/immunology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutropenia/immunology ; Neutrophils/*immunology/virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology ; Trachea/*immunology/virology
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: Wireless deep brain stimulation of well-defined neuronal populations could facilitate the study of intact brain circuits and the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, we demonstrate minimally invasive and remote neural excitation through the activation of the heat-sensitive capsaicin receptor TRPV1 by magnetic nanoparticles. When exposed to alternating magnetic fields, the nanoparticles dissipate heat generated by hysteresis, triggering widespread and reversible firing of TRPV1(+) neurons. Wireless magnetothermal stimulation in the ventral tegmental area of mice evoked excitation in subpopulations of neurons in the targeted brain region and in structures receiving excitatory projections. The nanoparticles persisted in the brain for over a month, allowing for chronic stimulation without the need for implants and connectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Ritchie -- Romero, Gabriela -- Christiansen, Michael G -- Mohr, Alan -- Anikeeva, Polina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1477-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1261821. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. anikeeva@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/*methods ; Evoked Potentials ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; *Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; TRPV Cation Channels/agonists ; Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology ; *Wireless Technology
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: The identification of active neurons and circuits in vivo is a fundamental challenge in understanding the neural basis of behavior. Genetically encoded calcium (Ca(2+)) indicators (GECIs) enable quantitative monitoring of cellular-resolution activity during behavior. However, such indicators require online monitoring within a limited field of view. Alternatively, post hoc staining of immediate early genes (IEGs) indicates highly active cells within the entire brain, albeit with poor temporal resolution. We designed a fluorescent sensor, CaMPARI, that combines the genetic targetability and quantitative link to neural activity of GECIs with the permanent, large-scale labeling of IEGs, allowing a temporally precise "activity snapshot" of a large tissue volume. CaMPARI undergoes efficient and irreversible green-to-red conversion only when elevated intracellular Ca(2+) and experimenter-controlled illumination coincide. We demonstrate the utility of CaMPARI in freely moving larvae of zebrafish and flies, and in head-fixed mice and adult flies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fosque, Benjamin F -- Sun, Yi -- Dana, Hod -- Yang, Chao-Tsung -- Ohyama, Tomoko -- Tadross, Michael R -- Patel, Ronak -- Zlatic, Marta -- Kim, Douglas S -- Ahrens, Misha B -- Jayaraman, Vivek -- Looger, Loren L -- Schreiter, Eric R -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):755-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1260922.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. schreitere@janelia.hhmi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Calcium/*analysis/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fluorescence ; *Genes, Immediate-Early ; Indicators and Reagents/analysis/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/*chemistry/cytology/physiology ; Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Engineering ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*chemistry/physiology ; Staining and Labeling/*methods ; Zebrafish
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: The identification of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem revitalized hopes of developing a universal influenza vaccine. Using a rational design and library approach, we engineered stable HA stem antigens ("mini-HAs") based on an H1 subtype sequence. Our most advanced candidate exhibits structural and bnAb binding properties comparable to those of full-length HA, completely protects mice in lethal heterologous and heterosubtypic challenge models, and reduces fever after sublethal challenge in cynomolgus monkeys. Antibodies elicited by this mini-HA in mice and nonhuman primates bound a wide range of HAs, competed with human bnAbs for HA stem binding, neutralized H5N1 viruses, and mediated antibody-dependent effector activity. These results represent a proof of concept for the design of HA stem mimics that elicit bnAbs against influenza A group 1 viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Impagliazzo, Antonietta -- Milder, Fin -- Kuipers, Harmjan -- Wagner, Michelle V -- Zhu, Xueyong -- Hoffman, Ryan M B -- van Meersbergen, Ruud -- Huizingh, Jeroen -- Wanningen, Patrick -- Verspuij, Johan -- de Man, Martijn -- Ding, Zhaoqing -- Apetri, Adrian -- Kukrer, Basak -- Sneekes-Vriese, Eveline -- Tomkiewicz, Danuta -- Laursen, Nick S -- Lee, Peter S -- Zakrzewska, Anna -- Dekking, Liesbeth -- Tolboom, Jeroen -- Tettero, Lisanne -- van Meerten, Sander -- Yu, Wenli -- Koudstaal, Wouter -- Goudsmit, Jaap -- Ward, Andrew B -- Meijberg, Wim -- Wilson, Ian A -- Radosevic, Katarina -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7263. Epub 2015 Aug 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. aimpagli@its.jnj.com wilson@scripps.edu. ; Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. ; Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. aimpagli@its.jnj.com wilson@scripps.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of adult leukemia. The transcription factor fusion CBFbeta-SMMHC (core binding factor beta and the smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain), expressed in AML with the chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13q22), outcompetes wild-type CBFbeta for binding to the transcription factor RUNX1, deregulates RUNX1 activity in hematopoiesis, and induces AML. Current inv(16) AML treatment with nonselective cytotoxic chemotherapy results in a good initial response but limited long-term survival. Here, we report the development of a protein-protein interaction inhibitor, AI-10-49, that selectively binds to CBFbeta-SMMHC and disrupts its binding to RUNX1. AI-10-49 restores RUNX1 transcriptional activity, displays favorable pharmacokinetics, and delays leukemia progression in mice. Treatment of primary inv(16) AML patient blasts with AI-10-49 triggers selective cell death. These data suggest that direct inhibition of the oncogenic CBFbeta-SMMHC fusion protein may be an effective therapeutic approach for inv(16) AML, and they provide support for transcription factor targeted therapy in other cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423805/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423805/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illendula, Anuradha -- Pulikkan, John A -- Zong, Hongliang -- Grembecka, Jolanta -- Xue, Liting -- Sen, Siddhartha -- Zhou, Yunpeng -- Boulton, Adam -- Kuntimaddi, Aravinda -- Gao, Yan -- Rajewski, Roger A -- Guzman, Monica L -- Castilla, Lucio H -- Bushweller, John H -- 1 DP2 OD007399-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD007399/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI039536/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140398/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM080186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):779-84. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0314.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. ; Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ; Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. jhb4v@virginia.edu Lucio.Castilla@umassmed.edu. ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jhb4v@virginia.edu Lucio.Castilla@umassmed.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*therapeutic use ; Benzimidazoles/chemistry/*therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: Vibrational spectroscopy has been extensively applied to the study of molecules in gas phase, in condensed phase, and at interfaces. The transition from spectroscopy to spectroscopic imaging of living systems, which allows the spectrum of biomolecules to act as natural contrast, is opening new opportunities to reveal cellular machinery and to enable molecule-based diagnosis. Such a transition, however, involves more than a simple combination of spectrometry and microscopy. We review recent efforts that have pushed the boundary of the vibrational spectroscopic imaging field in terms of spectral acquisition speed, detection sensitivity, spatial resolution, and imaging depth. We further highlight recent applications in functional analysis of single cells and in label-free detection of diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Ji-Xin -- Xie, X Sunney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):aaa8870. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jcheng@purdue.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jcheng@purdue.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3-L1 Cells ; Animals ; Biology ; Gases ; Humans ; Medicine ; Mice ; Microscopy/*methods ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*methods ; Vibration
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, accompanied by its nuclear clearance, is a key common pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). However, a limited understanding of this RNA-binding protein (RBP) impedes the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms underlying TDP-43 proteinopathy. In contrast to RBPs that regulate splicing of conserved exons, we found that TDP-43 repressed the splicing of nonconserved cryptic exons, maintaining intron integrity. When TDP-43 was depleted from mouse embryonic stem cells, these cryptic exons were spliced into messenger RNAs, often disrupting their translation and promoting nonsense-mediated decay. Moreover, enforced repression of cryptic exons prevented cell death in TDP-43-deficient cells. Furthermore, repression of cryptic exons was impaired in ALS-FTD cases, suggesting that this splicing defect could potentially underlie TDP-43 proteinopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ling, Jonathan P -- Pletnikova, Olga -- Troncoso, Juan C -- Wong, Philip C -- P50AG05146/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):650-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0983.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. wong@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Exons/*genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/*genetics ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Changes to the symbiotic microbiota early in life, or the absence of it, can lead to exacerbated type 2 immunity and allergic inflammations. Although it is unclear how the microbiota regulates type 2 immunity, it is a strong inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells and regulatory T cells (T(regs)) in the intestine. Here, we report that microbiota-induced T(regs) express the nuclear hormone receptor RORgammat and differentiate along a pathway that also leads to T(H)17 cells. In the absence of RORgammat(+) T(regs), T(H)2-driven defense against helminths is more efficient, whereas T(H)2-associated pathology is exacerbated. Thus, the microbiota regulates type 2 responses through the induction of type 3 RORgammat(+) T(regs) and T(H)17 cells and acts as a key factor in balancing immune responses at mucosal surfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohnmacht, Caspar -- Park, Joo-Hong -- Cording, Sascha -- Wing, James B -- Atarashi, Koji -- Obata, Yuuki -- Gaboriau-Routhiau, Valerie -- Marques, Rute -- Dulauroy, Sophie -- Fedoseeva, Maria -- Busslinger, Meinrad -- Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine -- Boneca, Ivo G -- Voehringer, David -- Hase, Koji -- Honda, Kenya -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- Eberl, Gerard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):989-93. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4263. Epub 2015 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. ; INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite and Institut Imagine, Paris, France. INRA Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France. ; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universitat and Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; INSERM, U1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite and Institut Imagine, Paris, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, 75724 Paris, France. INSERM, Groupe Avenir, 75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. gerard.eberl@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology ; Colon/immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Homeostasis ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*microbiology ; Intestine, Small/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Mice ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Models, Immunological ; Nematospiroides dubius ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/*metabolism ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Vitamin A/metabolism
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Human inborn errors of immunity mediated by the cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F (IL-17A/F) underlie mucocutaneous candidiasis, whereas inborn errors of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) immunity underlie mycobacterial disease. We report the discovery of bi-allelic RORC loss-of-function mutations in seven individuals from three kindreds of different ethnic origins with both candidiasis and mycobacteriosis. The lack of functional RORgamma and RORgammaT isoforms resulted in the absence of IL-17A/F-producing T cells in these individuals, probably accounting for their chronic candidiasis. Unexpectedly, leukocytes from RORgamma- and RORgammaT-deficient individuals also displayed an impaired IFN-gamma response to Mycobacterium. This principally reflected profoundly defective IFN-gamma production by circulating gammadelta T cells and CD4(+)CCR6(+)CXCR3(+) alphabeta T cells. In humans, both mucocutaneous immunity to Candida and systemic immunity to Mycobacterium require RORgamma, RORgammaT, or both.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Satoshi -- Markle, Janet G -- Deenick, Elissa K -- Mele, Federico -- Averbuch, Dina -- Lagos, Macarena -- Alzahrani, Mohammed -- Al-Muhsen, Saleh -- Halwani, Rabih -- Ma, Cindy S -- Wong, Natalie -- Soudais, Claire -- Henderson, Lauren A -- Marzouqa, Hiyam -- Shamma, Jamal -- Gonzalez, Marcela -- Martinez-Barricarte, Ruben -- Okada, Chizuru -- Avery, Danielle T -- Latorre, Daniela -- Deswarte, Caroline -- Jabot-Hanin, Fabienne -- Torrado, Egidio -- Fountain, Jeffrey -- Belkadi, Aziz -- Itan, Yuval -- Boisson, Bertrand -- Migaud, Melanie -- Arlehamn, Cecilia S Lindestam -- Sette, Alessandro -- Breton, Sylvain -- McCluskey, James -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- de Villartay, Jean-Pierre -- Moshous, Despina -- Hambleton, Sophie -- Latour, Sylvain -- Arkwright, Peter D -- Picard, Capucine -- Lantz, Olivier -- Engelhard, Dan -- Kobayashi, Masao -- Abel, Laurent -- Cooper, Andrea M -- Notarangelo, Luigi D -- Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie -- Puel, Anne -- Sallusto, Federica -- Bustamante, Jacinta -- Tangye, Stuart G -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- 8UL1TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900044C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200900044C/PHS HHS/ -- R37 AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007512/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):606-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4282. Epub 2015 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. jmarkle@rockefeller.edu jean-laurent.casanova@rockefeller.edu. ; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Santiago, Chile. Department of Pediatrics, Padre Hurtado Hospital and Clinica Alemana, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. ; Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Paris, France. ; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Caritas Baby Hospital, Post Office Box 11535, Jerusalem, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Santiago, Chile. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA. ; La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. ; Laboratoire Dynamique du Genome et Systeme Immunitaire, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Laboratoire Dynamique du Genome et Systeme Immunitaire, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Universite Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Department of Paediatric Allergy Immunology, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. ; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA. jmarkle@rockefeller.edu jean-laurent.casanova@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Candida albicans/*immunology ; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/complications/*genetics/immunology ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Immunity/*genetics ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium bovis/immunology/isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/isolation & purification ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics/immunology ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/abnormalities/immunology ; Tuberculosis, Bovine/*genetics/immunology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*genetics/immunology
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Protective CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity requires a massive expansion in cell number and the development of long-lived memory cells. Using forward genetics in mice, we identified an orphan protein named lymphocyte expansion molecule (LEM) that promoted antigen-dependent CD8(+) T cell proliferation, effector function, and memory cell generation in response to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Generation of LEM-deficient mice confirmed these results. Through interaction with CR6 interacting factor (CRIF1), LEM controlled the levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and respiration, resulting in the production of pro-proliferative mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). LEM provides a link between immune activation and the expansion of protective CD8(+) T cells driven by OXPHOS and represents a pathway for the restoration of long-term protective immunity based on metabolically modified cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okoye, Isobel -- Wang, Lihui -- Pallmer, Katharina -- Richter, Kirsten -- Ichimura, Takahuru -- Haas, Robert -- Crouse, Josh -- Choi, Onjee -- Heathcote, Dean -- Lovo, Elena -- Mauro, Claudio -- Abdi, Reza -- Oxenius, Annette -- Rutschmann, Sophie -- Ashton-Rickardt, Philip G -- A9995/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- AI091930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45108/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- FS/12/38/29640/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- G0700795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):995-1001. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7516. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. ; Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich (ETHZ), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. ; Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. p.ashton-rickardt@imperial.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; Immunity, Cellular ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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  • 133
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1299. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Energy Metabolism ; *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Exercise/*physiology ; False Positive Reactions ; Fibronectins/*blood/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Cardiac progenitor cells are multipotent and give rise to cardiac endothelium, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocytes. Here, we define and characterize the cardiomyoblast intermediate that is committed to the cardiomyocyte fate, and we characterize the niche signals that regulate commitment. Cardiomyoblasts express Hopx, which functions to coordinate local Bmp signals to inhibit the Wnt pathway, thus promoting cardiomyogenesis. Hopx integrates Bmp and Wnt signaling by physically interacting with activated Smads and repressing Wnt genes. The identification of the committed cardiomyoblast that retains proliferative potential will inform cardiac regenerative therapeutics. In addition, Bmp signals characterize adult stem cell niches in other tissues where Hopx-mediated inhibition of Wnt is likely to contribute to stem cell quiescence and to explain the role of Hopx as a tumor suppressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jain, Rajan -- Li, Deqiang -- Gupta, Mudit -- Manderfield, Lauren J -- Ifkovits, Jamie L -- Wang, Qiaohong -- Liu, Feiyan -- Liu, Ying -- Poleshko, Andrey -- Padmanabhan, Arun -- Raum, Jeffrey C -- Li, Li -- Morrisey, Edward E -- Lu, Min Min -- Won, Kyoung-Jae -- Epstein, Jonathan A -- 5-T32-GM-007170/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL119553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL119553-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL071546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100405/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):aaa6071. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. epsteinj@upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/*embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology/metabolism ; Myoblasts, Cardiac/cytology/*metabolism ; Organogenesis/*genetics ; Stem Cell Niche/genetics/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/*genetics
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (Nlrp) 6 maintains gut microbiota homeostasis and regulates antibacterial immunity. We now report a role for Nlrp6 in the control of enteric virus infection. Nlrp6(-/-) and control mice systemically challenged with encephalomyocarditis virus had similar mortality; however, the gastrointestinal tract of Nlrp6(-/-) mice exhibited increased viral loads. Nlrp6(-/-) mice orally infected with encephalomyocarditis virus had increased mortality and viremia compared with controls. Similar results were observed with murine norovirus 1. Nlrp6 bound viral RNA via the RNA helicase Dhx15 and interacted with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein to induce type I/III interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These data demonstrate that Nlrp6 functions with Dhx15 as a viral RNA sensor to induce ISGs, and this effect is especially important in the intestinal tract.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Penghua -- Zhu, Shu -- Yang, Long -- Cui, Shuang -- Pan, Wen -- Jackson, Ruaidhri -- Zheng, Yunjiang -- Rongvaux, Anthony -- Sun, Qiangming -- Yang, Guang -- Gao, Shandian -- Lin, Rongtuan -- You, Fuping -- Flavell, Richard -- Fikrig, Erol -- AI099625/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI103807/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-HHSN272201100019C/PHS HHS/ -- R03 AI099625/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI103807/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):826-30. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3145. Epub 2015 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Lady Davis Institute, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA. richard.flavell@yale.edu erol.fikrig@yale.edu. ; Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA. richard.flavell@yale.edu erol.fikrig@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caliciviridae Infections/immunology/virology ; Cardiovirus Infections/immunology/virology ; Cytokines/genetics ; Encephalomyocarditis virus/immunology ; Gastroenteritis/immunology/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interferon Type I/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology/*virology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Norovirus/immunology ; RNA Helicases/*physiology ; RNA, Viral/*immunology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Ubiquitins/genetics ; Viremia/genetics/immunology
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Dendritic cells can capture and transfer retroviruses in vitro across synaptic cell-cell contacts to uninfected cells, a process called trans-infection. Whether trans-infection contributes to retroviral spread in vivo remains unknown. Here, we visualize how retroviruses disseminate in secondary lymphoid tissues of living mice. We demonstrate that murine leukemia virus (MLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are first captured by sinus-lining macrophages. CD169/Siglec-1, an I-type lectin that recognizes gangliosides, captures the virus. MLV-laden macrophages then form long-lived synaptic contacts to trans-infect B-1 cells. Infected B-1 cells subsequently migrate into the lymph node to spread the infection through virological synapses. Robust infection in lymph nodes and spleen requires CD169, suggesting that a combination of fluid-based movement followed by CD169-dependent trans-infection can contribute to viral spread.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651917/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651917/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sewald, Xaver -- Ladinsky, Mark S -- Uchil, Pradeep D -- Beloor, Jagadish -- Pi, Ruoxi -- Herrmann, Christin -- Motamedi, Nasim -- Murooka, Thomas T -- Brehm, Michael A -- Greiner, Dale L -- Shultz, Leonard D -- Mempel, Thorsten R -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- Kumar, Priti -- Mothes, Walther -- P01 AI078897/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016359/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM082545/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM082545/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI097052/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI112443/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098727/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA036298/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR026697/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):563-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2749. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. sewald@mvp.uni-muenchen.de priti.kumar@yale.edu walther.mothes@yale.edu. ; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. ; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. sewald@mvp.uni-muenchen.de priti.kumar@yale.edu walther.mothes@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/virology ; HIV Infections/*immunology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*physiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; Macrophages/immunology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Retroviridae Infections/*immunology ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Spleen/immunology/virology ; *Virus Internalization
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: The fear responses to environmental threats play a fundamental role in survival. Little is known about the neural circuits specifically processing threat-relevant sensory information in the mammalian brain. We identified parvalbumin-positive (PV(+)) excitatory projection neurons in mouse superior colliculus (SC) as a key neuronal subtype for detecting looming objects and triggering fear responses. These neurons, distributed predominantly in the superficial SC, divergently projected to different brain areas, including the parabigeminal nucleus (PBGN), an intermediate station leading to the amygdala. Activation of the PV(+) SC-PBGN pathway triggered fear responses, induced conditioned aversion, and caused depression-related behaviors. Approximately 20% of mice subjected to the fear-conditioning paradigm developed a generalized fear memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shang, Congping -- Liu, Zhihui -- Chen, Zijun -- Shi, Yingchao -- Wang, Qian -- Liu, Su -- Li, Dapeng -- Cao, Peng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1472-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. pcao@ibp.ac.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Fear/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurons/chemistry/*physiology ; Parvalbumins/analysis/*metabolism ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Secretion of the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) by macrophages, a major driver of pathogenesis in atherosclerosis, requires two steps: Priming signals promote transcription of immature IL-1beta, and then endogenous "danger" signals activate innate immune signaling complexes called inflammasomes to process IL-1beta for secretion. Although cholesterol crystals are known to act as danger signals in atherosclerosis, what primes IL-1beta transcription remains elusive. Using a murine model of atherosclerosis, we found that cholesterol crystals acted both as priming and danger signals for IL-1beta production. Cholesterol crystals triggered neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs primed macrophages for cytokine release, activating T helper 17 (TH17) cells that amplify immune cell recruitment in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, danger signals may drive sterile inflammation, such as that seen in atherosclerosis, through their interactions with neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warnatsch, Annika -- Ioannou, Marianna -- Wang, Qian -- Papayannopoulos, Venizelos -- MC_UP_1202/13/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):316-20. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8064. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mill Hill Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, UK. ; Mill Hill Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, UK. veni.p@crick.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/chemistry/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Traps/*immunology ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-1beta/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neutrophils/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine research is the design of immunogens capable of inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). Poor binding of Env to unmutated precursors of bnAbs, including those of the VRC01 class, appears to be a major problem for bnAb induction. We engineered an immunogen that binds to VRC01-class bnAb precursors and immunized knock-in mice expressing germline-reverted VRC01 heavy chains. Induced antibodies showed characteristics of VRC01-class bnAbs, including a short CDRL3 (light-chain complementarity-determining region 3) and mutations that favored binding to near-native HIV-1 gp120 constructs. In contrast, native-like immunogens failed to activate VRC01-class precursors. The results suggest that rational epitope design can prime rare B cell precursors for affinity maturation to desired targets.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669217/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669217/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jardine, Joseph G -- Ota, Takayuki -- Sok, Devin -- Pauthner, Matthias -- Kulp, Daniel W -- Kalyuzhniy, Oleksandr -- Skog, Patrick D -- Thinnes, Theresa C -- Bhullar, Deepika -- Briney, Bryan -- Menis, Sergey -- Jones, Meaghan -- Kubitz, Mike -- Spencer, Skye -- Adachi, Yumiko -- Burton, Dennis R -- Schief, William R -- Nemazee, David -- 1UM1AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI094419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI081625/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081625/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI073148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007244/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):156-61. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5894. Epub 2015 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center (NAC), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02129, USA. nemazee@scripps.edu schief@scripps.edu burton@scripps.edu. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. nemazee@scripps.edu schief@scripps.edu burton@scripps.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics/immunology ; Epitopes/genetics/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, Arun -- Sebastiano, Vittorio -- Scott, Christopher T -- Magnus, David -- Koyano-Nakagawa, Naoko -- Garry, Daniel J -- Witte, Owen N -- Nakauchi, Hiromitsu -- Wu, Joseph C -- Weissman, Irving L -- Wu, Sean M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):640. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6261.640-a. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Stem Cell Institute and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ; Broad Stem Cell Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. irv@stanford.edu smwu@stanford.edu. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. irv@stanford.edu smwu@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Blastocyst ; *Chimera ; Financial Management/ethics ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/ethics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*transplantation ; Stem Cell Research/economics/*ethics ; United States
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Axon pathfinding is orchestrated by numerous guidance cues, including Slits and their Robo receptors, but it remains unclear how information from multiple cues is integrated or filtered. Robo3, a Robo family member, allows commissural axons to reach and cross the spinal cord midline by antagonizing Robo1/2-mediated repulsion from midline-expressed Slits and potentiating deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC)-mediated midline attraction to Netrin-1, but without binding either Slits or Netrins. We identified a secreted Robo3 ligand, neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2 (NELL2), which repels mouse commissural axons through Robo3 and helps steer them to the midline. These findings identify NELL2 as an axon guidance cue and establish Robo3 as a multifunctional regulator of pathfinding that simultaneously mediates NELL2 repulsion, inhibits Slit repulsion, and facilitates Netrin attraction to achieve a common guidance purpose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaworski, Alexander -- Tom, Irene -- Tong, Raymond K -- Gildea, Holly K -- Koch, Alexander W -- Gonzalez, Lino C -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):961-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. alexander_jaworski@brown.edu marctl@rockefeller.edu. ; Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. ; Division of Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. alexander_jaworski@brown.edu marctl@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism/*physiology ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurogenesis/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/*embryology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Memory stabilization after learning requires translational and transcriptional regulations in the brain, yet the temporal molecular changes that occur after learning have not been explored at the genomic scale. We used ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing to quantify the translational status and transcript levels in the mouse hippocampus after contextual fear conditioning. We revealed three types of repressive regulations: translational suppression of ribosomal protein-coding genes in the hippocampus, learning-induced early translational repression of specific genes, and late persistent suppression of a subset of genes via inhibition of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1/ERalpha) signaling. In behavioral analyses, overexpressing Nrsn1, one of the newly identified genes undergoing rapid translational repression, or activating ESR1 in the hippocampus impaired memory formation. Collectively, this study unveils the yet-unappreciated importance of gene repression mechanisms for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Jun -- Yu, Nam-Kyung -- Choi, Jun-Hyeok -- Sim, Su-Eon -- Kang, SukJae Joshua -- Kwak, Chuljung -- Lee, Seung-Woo -- Kim, Ji-il -- Choi, Dong Il -- Kim, V Narry -- Kaang, Bong-Kiun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):82-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. ; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. ; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. narrykim@snu.ac.kr kaang@snu.ac.kr. ; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. narrykim@snu.ac.kr kaang@snu.ac.kr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/*genetics ; Fear ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; *Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates environmental and intracellular signals to regulate cell growth. Amino acids stimulate mTORC1 activation at the lysosome in a manner thought to be dependent on the Rag small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), the Ragulator complex, and the vacuolar H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (v-ATPase). We report that leucine and glutamine stimulate mTORC1 by Rag GTPase-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. Glutamine promoted mTORC1 translocation to the lysosome in RagA and RagB knockout cells and required the v-ATPase but not the Ragulator. Furthermore, we identified the adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-1 GTPase to be required for mTORC1 activation and lysosomal localization by glutamine. Our results uncover a signaling cascade to mTORC1 activation independent of the Rag GTPases and suggest that mTORC1 is differentially regulated by specific amino acids.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4384888/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4384888/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jewell, Jenna L -- Kim, Young Chul -- Russell, Ryan C -- Yu, Fa-Xing -- Park, Hyun Woo -- Plouffe, Steven W -- Tagliabracci, Vincent S -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- K99DK099254/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA108941/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA108941/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM051586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA121938/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32CA121938/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007752/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):194-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1259472. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kuguan@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/genetics/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glutamine/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Lysosomes/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, K C Kent -- Meehan, Terry -- Beaudet, Arthur -- Murray, Steve -- Svenson, Karen -- McKerlie, Colin -- West, David -- Morse, Iva -- Parkinson, Helen -- Brown, Steve -- Mallon, Ann-Marie -- Moore, Mark -- U42 OD011175/OD/NIH HHS/ -- U42 OD011185/OD/NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006332/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006364/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):390. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.390-a. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. kclloyd@ucdavis.edu. ; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK. ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. ; Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada. ; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA. ; Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA. ; Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK. ; International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards ; Animals ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Precision Medicine/*economics/*trends ; United States
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: Sepsis is a frequently fatal condition characterized by an uncontrolled and harmful host reaction to microbial infection. Despite the prevalence and severity of sepsis, we lack a fundamental grasp of its pathophysiology. Here we report that the cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3) potentiates inflammation in sepsis. Using a mouse model of abdominal sepsis, we showed that innate response activator B cells produce IL-3, which induces myelopoiesis of Ly-6C(high) monocytes and neutrophils and fuels a cytokine storm. IL-3 deficiency protects mice against sepsis. In humans with sepsis, high plasma IL-3 levels are associated with high mortality even after adjusting for prognostic indicators. This study deepens our understanding of immune activation, identifies IL-3 as an orchestrator of emergency myelopoiesis, and reveals a new therapeutic target for treating sepsis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376966/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376966/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, Georg F -- Chousterman, Benjamin G -- He, Shun -- Fenn, Ashley M -- Nairz, Manfred -- Anzai, Atsushi -- Brenner, Thorsten -- Uhle, Florian -- Iwamoto, Yoshiko -- Robbins, Clinton S -- Noiret, Lorette -- Maier, Sarah L -- Zonnchen, Tina -- Rahbari, Nuh N -- Scholch, Sebastian -- Klotzsche-von Ameln, Anne -- Chavakis, Triantafyllos -- Weitz, Jurgen -- Hofer, Stefan -- Weigand, Markus A -- Nahrendorf, Matthias -- Weissleder, Ralph -- Swirski, Filip K -- 5R01HL095612/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL095612/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI104695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56-AI104695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1260-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. fswirski@mgh.harvard.edu georg.weber@uniklinikum-dresden.de. ; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. fswirski@mgh.harvard.edu georg.weber@uniklinikum-dresden.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-3/blood/*immunology/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monocytes/immunology ; Myelopoiesis ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Peritonitis/immunology/pathology ; Prognosis ; Sepsis/*immunology/mortality/pathology/therapy
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) contribute to barrier immunity, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation at various anatomical sites throughout the body. How ILCs maintain their presence in lymphoid and peripheral tissues thus far has been unclear. We found that in the lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs of adult mice, ILCs are tissue-resident cells that were maintained and expanded locally under physiologic conditions, upon systemic perturbation of immune homeostasis and during acute helminth infection. However, at later time points after infection, cells from hematogenous sources helped to partially replenish the pool of resident ILCs. Thus, ILCs are maintained by self-renewal in broadly different microenvironments and physiological settings. Such an extreme "sedentary" lifestyle is consistent with the proposed roles of ILCs as sentinels and local keepers of tissue function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720139/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720139/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gasteiger, Georg -- Fan, Xiying -- Dikiy, Stanislav -- Lee, Sue Y -- Rudensky, Alexander Y -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):981-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9593. Epub 2015 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz 55131, Germany. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Helminthiasis/immunology ; Homeostasis/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Intestine, Small/cytology/immunology ; Lung/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Organ Specificity/immunology ; Parabiosis ; Salivary Glands/cytology/immunology
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: Since the work of Ramon y Cajal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, neuroscientists have speculated that a complete understanding of neuronal cell types and their connections is key to explaining complex brain functions. However, a complete census of the constituent cell types and their wiring diagram in mature neocortex remains elusive. By combining octuple whole-cell recordings with an optimized avidin-biotin-peroxidase staining technique, we carried out a morphological and electrophysiological census of neuronal types in layers 1, 2/3, and 5 of mature neocortex and mapped the connectivity between more than 11,000 pairs of identified neurons. We categorized 15 types of interneurons, and each exhibited a characteristic pattern of connectivity with other interneuron types and pyramidal cells. The essential connectivity structure of the neocortical microcircuit could be captured by only a few connectivity motifs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Xiaolong -- Shen, Shan -- Cadwell, Cathryn R -- Berens, Philipp -- Sinz, Fabian -- Ecker, Alexander S -- Patel, Saumil -- Tolias, Andreas S -- DP1EY023176/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP1OD008301/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F30MH095440/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30EY002520/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R21EB016223/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32EB006350/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32EY07001/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):aac9462. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9462.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. astolias@bcm.edu xiaolonj@bcm.edu. ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tubingen, Germany. Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tubingen, Germany. Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tubingen, Germany. astolias@bcm.edu xiaolonj@bcm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Avidin ; Biotin ; GABAergic Neurons/classification/cytology/physiology ; Interneurons/*classification/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Neocortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neural Pathways/*cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peroxidase ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Staining and Labeling ; Synapses/physiology/ultrastructure
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: The layer of macrophages at the subcapsular sinus (SCS) captures pathogens entering the lymph node, preventing their global dissemination and triggering an immune response. However, how infection affects SCS macrophages remains largely unexplored. Here we show that infection and inflammation disrupt the organization of SCS macrophages in a manner that involves the migration of mature dendritic cells to the lymph node. This disrupted organization reduces the capacity of SCS macrophages to retain and present antigen in a subsequent secondary infection, resulting in diminished B cell responses. Thus, the SCS macrophage layer may act as a sensor or valve during infection to temporarily shut down the lymph node to further antigenic challenge. This shutdown may increase an organism's susceptibility to secondary infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaya, Mauro -- Castello, Angelo -- Montaner, Beatriz -- Rogers, Neil -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- Bruckbauer, Andreas -- Batista, Facundo D -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):667-72. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Immunobiology Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. facundo.batista@cancer.org.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/pathology ; Cell Movement/*immunology ; Coinfection/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Inflammation/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology/pathology ; Macrophages/*immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/*immunology ; *Staphylococcus aureus
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: Individual cortical neurons can selectively respond to specific environmental features, such as visual motion or faces. How this relates to the selectivity of the presynaptic network across cortical layers remains unclear. We used single-cell-initiated, monosynaptically restricted retrograde transsynaptic tracing with rabies viruses expressing GCaMP6s to image, in vivo, the visual motion-evoked activity of individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and their presynaptic networks across layers in mouse primary visual cortex. Neurons within each layer exhibited similar motion direction preferences, forming layer-specific functional modules. In one-third of the networks, the layer modules were locked to the direction preference of the postsynaptic neuron, whereas for other networks the direction preference varied by layer. Thus, there exist feature-locked and feature-variant cortical networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wertz, Adrian -- Trenholm, Stuart -- Yonehara, Keisuke -- Hillier, Daniel -- Raics, Zoltan -- Leinweber, Marcus -- Szalay, Gergely -- Ghanem, Alexander -- Keller, Georg -- Rozsa, Balazs -- Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus -- Roska, Botond -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):70-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1687.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neural Circuit Laboratories, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Two-Photon Imaging Center, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. ; Max von Pettenkofer-Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. ; Neural Circuit Laboratories, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. botond.roska@fmi.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Luminescent Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Mice ; Motion ; Nerve Net/cytology/physiology ; Neuroimaging ; Presynaptic Terminals/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rabies virus ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Infected cells detect viruses through a variety of receptors that initiate cell-intrinsic innate defense responses. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic sensor for many DNA viruses and HIV-1. In response to cytosolic viral DNA, cGAS synthesizes the second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates antiviral signaling pathways. We show that in cells producing virus, cGAS-synthesized cGAMP can be packaged in viral particles and extracellular vesicles. Viral particles efficiently delivered cGAMP to target cells. cGAMP transfer by viral particles to dendritic cells activated innate immunity and antiviral defenses. Finally, we show that cell-free murine cytomegalovirus and Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus contained cGAMP. Thus, transfer of cGAMP by viruses may represent a defense mechanism to propagate immune responses to uninfected target cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gentili, Matteo -- Kowal, Joanna -- Tkach, Mercedes -- Satoh, Takeshi -- Lahaye, Xavier -- Conrad, Cecile -- Boyron, Marilyn -- Lombard, Berangere -- Durand, Sylvere -- Kroemer, Guido -- Loew, Damarys -- Dalod, Marc -- Thery, Clotilde -- Manel, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1232-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3628. Epub 2015 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France. ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Universite UM2, INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Laboratoire de Spectrometrie de Masse Proteomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France. ; Labex Dendritic Cell Biology (DCBIOL), Paris, France. ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France. ; INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France. Labex Dendritic Cell Biology (DCBIOL), Paris, France. ; INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France. Labex Dendritic Cell Biology (DCBIOL), Paris, France. Labex Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Paris, France. nicolas.manel@curie.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cytosol/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/virology ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1/genetics/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muromegalovirus/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/*metabolism ; *Second Messenger Systems ; Vaccinia/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/*metabolism ; Vero Cells ; Virion/genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Assembly
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: Axon degeneration is an intrinsic self-destruction program that underlies axon loss during injury and disease. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1) protein is an essential mediator of axon degeneration. We report that SARM1 initiates a local destruction program involving rapid breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) after injury. We used an engineered protease-sensitized SARM1 to demonstrate that SARM1 activity is required after axon injury to induce axon degeneration. Dimerization of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of SARM1 alone was sufficient to induce locally mediated axon degeneration. Formation of the SARM1 TIR dimer triggered rapid breakdown of NAD(+), whereas SARM1-induced axon destruction could be counteracted by increased NAD(+) synthesis. SARM1-induced depletion of NAD(+) may explain the potent axon protection in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld(s)) mutant mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513950/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513950/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerdts, Josiah -- Brace, E J -- Sasaki, Yo -- DiAntonio, Aaron -- Milbrandt, Jeffrey -- F31 NS074517/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31NS074517/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG013730/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA020812/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065053/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS087632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01AG013730/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA020812/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01NS065053/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS078007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS087632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):453-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1258366. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA. jmilbrandt@wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Axons/*metabolism/pathology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; NAD/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism/pathology ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Wallerian Degeneration/*metabolism/pathology
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Transcription factors (TFs) bind specific sequences in promoter-proximal and -distal DNA elements to regulate gene transcription. RNA is transcribed from both of these DNA elements, and some DNA binding TFs bind RNA. Hence, RNA transcribed from regulatory elements may contribute to stable TF occupancy at these sites. We show that the ubiquitously expressed TF Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) binds to both gene regulatory elements and their associated RNA species across the entire genome. Reduced transcription of regulatory elements diminishes YY1 occupancy, whereas artificial tethering of RNA enhances YY1 occupancy at these elements. We propose that RNA makes a modest but important contribution to the maintenance of certain TFs at gene regulatory elements and suggest that transcription of regulatory elements produces a positive-feedback loop that contributes to the stability of gene expression programs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sigova, Alla A -- Abraham, Brian J -- Ji, Xiong -- Molinie, Benoit -- Hannett, Nancy M -- Guo, Yang Eric -- Jangi, Mohini -- Giallourakis, Cosmas C -- Sharp, Phillip A -- Young, Richard A -- HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):978-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3346. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. young@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; YY1 Transcription Factor/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: A father's lifetime experiences can be transmitted to his offspring to affect health and development. However, the mechanisms underlying paternal epigenetic transmission are unclear. Unlike in somatic cells, there are few nucleosomes in sperm, and their function in epigenetic inheritance is unknown. We generated transgenic mice in which overexpression of the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase KDM1A (also known as LSD1) during spermatogenesis reduced H3K4 dimethylation in sperm. KDM1A overexpression in one generation severely impaired development and survivability of offspring. These defects persisted transgenerationally in the absence of KDM1A germline expression and were associated with altered RNA profiles in sperm and offspring. We show that epigenetic inheritance of aberrant development can be initiated by histone demethylase activity in developing sperm, without changes to DNA methylation at CpG-rich regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siklenka, Keith -- Erkek, Serap -- Godmann, Maren -- Lambrot, Romain -- McGraw, Serge -- Lafleur, Christine -- Cohen, Tamara -- Xia, Jianguo -- Suderman, Matthew -- Hallett, Michael -- Trasler, Jacquetta -- Peters, Antoine H F M -- Kimmins, Sarah -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):aab2006. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2006. Epub 2015 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unity, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. ; McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. sarah.kimmins@mcgill.ca antoine.peters@fmi.ch. ; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. sarah.kimmins@mcgill.ca antoine.peters@fmi.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities/*genetics ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histone Demethylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Spermatogenesis/*genetics ; Spermatozoa/enzymology/*growth & development
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: Naive and primed pluripotent states retain distinct molecular properties, yet limited knowledge exists on how their state transitions are regulated. Here, we identify Mettl3, an N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) transferase, as a regulator for terminating murine naive pluripotency. Mettl3 knockout preimplantation epiblasts and naive embryonic stem cells are depleted for m(6)A in mRNAs, yet are viable. However, they fail to adequately terminate their naive state and, subsequently, undergo aberrant and restricted lineage priming at the postimplantation stage, which leads to early embryonic lethality. m(6)A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability, including that of key naive pluripotency-promoting transcripts. This study highlights a critical role for an mRNA epigenetic modification in vivo and identifies regulatory modules that functionally influence naive and primed pluripotency in an opposing manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geula, Shay -- Moshitch-Moshkovitz, Sharon -- Dominissini, Dan -- Mansour, Abed AlFatah -- Kol, Nitzan -- Salmon-Divon, Mali -- Hershkovitz, Vera -- Peer, Eyal -- Mor, Nofar -- Manor, Yair S -- Ben-Haim, Moshe Shay -- Eyal, Eran -- Yunger, Sharon -- Pinto, Yishay -- Jaitin, Diego Adhemar -- Viukov, Sergey -- Rais, Yoach -- Krupalnik, Vladislav -- Chomsky, Elad -- Zerbib, Mirie -- Maza, Itay -- Rechavi, Yoav -- Massarwa, Rada -- Hanna, Suhair -- Amit, Ido -- Levanon, Erez Y -- Amariglio, Ninette -- Stern-Ginossar, Noam -- Novershtern, Noa -- Rechavi, Gideon -- Hanna, Jacob H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1002-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261417. Epub 2015 Jan 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ; Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Immunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Blastocyst/enzymology ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Male ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: Effective immunotherapy promotes the killing of cancer cells by cytotoxic T cells. This requires not only that cancer-specific T cells be generated, but also that these T cells physically contact cancer cells. The coexistence in some patients of cancer cells and T cells that recognize them indicates that tumors may exhibit the phenomenon of immune privilege, in which immunogenic tissue is protected from immune attack. Here, we review the evidence that stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment mediate this restriction by excluding T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells. Overcoming this T cell checkpoint may thus enable optimal immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyce, Johanna A -- Fearon, Douglas T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):74-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6204.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. joycej@mskcc.org dfearon@cshl.edu. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY 11724, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA. joycej@mskcc.org dfearon@cshl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Mice ; Neoplasms/blood supply/*therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology ; Stromal Cells/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/*immunology
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  • 157
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1014. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6264.1014.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/growth & development/*immunology ; Antibodies/*genetics ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages/immunology ; Malaria/parasitology/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Mosquito Control/*methods ; Mutation
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Protein expression is regulated by the production and degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins, but their specific relationships remain unknown. We combine measurements of protein production and degradation and mRNA dynamics so as to build a quantitative genomic model of the differential regulation of gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse dendritic cells. Changes in mRNA abundance play a dominant role in determining most dynamic fold changes in protein levels. Conversely, the preexisting proteome of proteins performing basic cellular functions is remodeled primarily through changes in protein production or degradation, accounting for more than half of the absolute change in protein molecules in the cell. Thus, the proteome is regulated by transcriptional induction for newly activated cellular functions and by protein life-cycle changes for remodeling of preexisting functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506746/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506746/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jovanovic, Marko -- Rooney, Michael S -- Mertins, Philipp -- Przybylski, Dariusz -- Chevrier, Nicolas -- Satija, Rahul -- Rodriguez, Edwin H -- Fields, Alexander P -- Schwartz, Schraga -- Raychowdhury, Raktima -- Mumbach, Maxwell R -- Eisenhaure, Thomas -- Rabani, Michal -- Gennert, Dave -- Lu, Diana -- Delorey, Toni -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- Carr, Steven A -- Hacohen, Nir -- Regev, Aviv -- F32 HD075541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1259038. doi: 10.1126/science.1259038. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. aregev@broad.mit.edu nhacohen@mgh.harvard.edu. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. HHMI, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. aregev@broad.mit.edu nhacohen@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*immunology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Isotope Labeling/methods ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Mice ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; *Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; *Proteolysis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA) metabolism is thought to underlie diseases affecting motoneurons. One miRNA, miR-218, is abundantly and selectively expressed by developing and mature motoneurons. Here we show that mutant mice lacking miR-218 die neonatally and exhibit neuromuscular junction defects, motoneuron hyperexcitability, and progressive motoneuron cell loss, all of which are hallmarks of motoneuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Gene profiling reveals that miR-218 modestly represses a cohort of hundreds of genes that are neuronally enriched but are not specific to a single neuron subpopulation. Thus, the set of messenger RNAs targeted by miR-218, designated TARGET(218), defines a neuronal gene network that is selectively tuned down in motoneurons to prevent neuromuscular failure and neurodegeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amin, Neal D -- Bai, Ge -- Klug, Jason R -- Bonanomi, Dario -- Pankratz, Matthew T -- Gifford, Wesley D -- Hinckley, Christopher A -- Sternfeld, Matthew J -- Driscoll, Shawn P -- Dominguez, Bertha -- Lee, Kuo-Fen -- Jin, Xin -- Pfaff, Samuel L -- F31-NS080340-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS072031/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01AG0476669/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01GM088278/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS044420/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS054154/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS060833/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21NS084254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM007198/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1525-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2509.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Neurosciences Graduate Program, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Biological Sciences Graduate Program, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. pfaff@salk.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics/physiopathology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism/pathology/*physiology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*genetics/pathology ; Spinal Cord/metabolism/physiopathology
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: T cell infiltration of solid tumors is associated with favorable patient outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying variable immune responses between individuals are not well understood. One possible modulator could be the intestinal microbiota. We compared melanoma growth in mice harboring distinct commensal microbiota and observed differences in spontaneous antitumor immunity, which were eliminated upon cohousing or after fecal transfer. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA identified Bifidobacterium as associated with the antitumor effects. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium alone improved tumor control to the same degree as programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-specific antibody therapy (checkpoint blockade), and combination treatment nearly abolished tumor outgrowth. Augmented dendritic cell function leading to enhanced CD8(+) T cell priming and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment mediated the effect. Our data suggest that manipulating the microbiota may modulate cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sivan, Ayelet -- Corrales, Leticia -- Hubert, Nathaniel -- Williams, Jason B -- Aquino-Michaels, Keston -- Earley, Zachary M -- Benyamin, Franco W -- Lei, Yuk Man -- Jabri, Bana -- Alegre, Maria-Luisa -- Chang, Eugene B -- Gajewski, Thomas F -- 5T32CA009594-25/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1084-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4255. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. tgajewsk@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD274/*immunology ; Bifidobacterium/genetics/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Melanoma/*immunology/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*immunology/*therapy ; Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: A new Late Jurassic docodontan shows specializations for a subterranean lifestyle. It is similar to extant subterranean golden moles in having reduced digit segments as compared to the ancestral phalangeal pattern of mammaliaforms and extant mammals. The reduction of digit segments can occur in mammals by fusion of the proximal and intermediate phalangeal precursors, a developmental process for which a gene and signaling network have been characterized in mouse and human. Docodontans show a positional shift of thoracolumbar ribs, a developmental variation that is controlled by Hox9 and Myf5 genes in extant mammals. We argue that these morphogenetic mechanisms of modern mammals were operating before the rise of modern mammals, driving the morphological disparity in the earliest mammaliaform diversification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Meng, Qing-Jin -- Ji, Qiang -- Liu, Di -- Zhang, Yu-Guang -- Neander, April I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1260880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; Finger Phalanges/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Foot/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Mice ; Morphogenesis/genetics/*physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/genetics/physiology
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: The development of effective pharmacological inhibitors of multidomain scaffold proteins, notably transcription factors, is a particularly challenging problem. In part, this is because many small-molecule antagonists disrupt the activity of only one domain in the target protein. We devised a chemical strategy that promotes ligand-dependent target protein degradation using as an example the transcriptional coactivator BRD4, a protein critical for cancer cell growth and survival. We appended a competitive antagonist of BET bromodomains to a phthalimide moiety to hijack the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The resultant compound, dBET1, induced highly selective cereblon-dependent BET protein degradation in vitro and in vivo and delayed leukemia progression in mice. A second series of probes resulted in selective degradation of the cytosolic protein FKBP12. This chemical strategy for controlling target protein stability may have implications for therapeutically targeting previously intractable proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, Georg E -- Buckley, Dennis L -- Paulk, Joshiawa -- Roberts, Justin M -- Souza, Amanda -- Dhe-Paganon, Sirano -- Bradner, James E -- P01 CA066996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA066996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA176745/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1376-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1433. Epub 2015 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. james_bradner@dfci.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azepines/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drug Design ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Phthalimides/*chemistry ; Protein Stability/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteolysis/*drug effects ; Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A/metabolism ; Thalidomide/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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  • 163
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):21-3. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; DNA/genetics ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Organ Size/genetics ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology/embryology/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 164
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):619. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6261.619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Biological Transport ; Free Radicals/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Vitamins/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; ras Proteins/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 165
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1034. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6252.1034.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Asthma/epidemiology/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Bacteria/drug effects/*immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; *Hygiene Hypothesis ; *Life Style ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lung/*immunology/microbiology ; Mice
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 166
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1411-3. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6242.1411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*ethics ; Conflict of Interest ; *Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; *Neoplasms ; *Reproducibility of Results
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: Centrioles are ancient organelles that build centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells. Extra centrosomes are a common feature of cancer cells. To investigate the importance of centrosomes in the proliferation of normal and cancer cells, we developed centrinone, a reversible inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), a serine-threonine protein kinase that initiates centriole assembly. Centrinone treatment caused centrosome depletion in human and other vertebrate cells. Centrosome loss irreversibly arrested normal cells in a senescence-like G1 state by a p53-dependent mechanism that was independent of DNA damage, stress, Hippo signaling, extended mitotic duration, or segregation errors. In contrast, cancer cell lines with normal or amplified centrosome numbers could proliferate indefinitely after centrosome loss. Upon centrinone washout, each cancer cell line returned to an intrinsic centrosome number "set point." Thus, cells with cancer-associated mutations fundamentally differ from normal cells in their response to centrosome loss.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764081/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764081/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, Yao Liang -- Anzola, John V -- Davis, Robert L -- Yoon, Michelle -- Motamedi, Amir -- Kroll, Ashley -- Seo, Chanmee P -- Hsia, Judy E -- Kim, Sun K -- Mitchell, Jennifer W -- Mitchell, Brian J -- Desai, Arshad -- Gahman, Timothy C -- Shiau, Andrew K -- Oegema, Karen -- GM074207/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM089970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1155-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5111. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ; Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. koegema@ucsd.edu ashiau@ucsd.edu. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. koegema@ucsd.edu ashiau@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Centrioles/*drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidines/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Sulfones/chemistry/*pharmacology
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  • 168
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):849. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6237.849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Blood ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Growth Differentiation Factors/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Heart/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/physiology ; Myostatin/pharmacology/physiology ; Parabiosis ; Rats ; Regeneration/drug effects ; *Rejuvenation
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Cataracts reduce vision in 50% of individuals over 70 years of age and are a common form of blindness worldwide. Cataracts are caused when damage to the major lens crystallin proteins causes their misfolding and aggregation into insoluble amyloids. Using a thermal stability assay, we identified a class of molecules that bind alpha-crystallins (cryAA and cryAB) and reversed their aggregation in vitro. The most promising compound improved lens transparency in the R49C cryAA and R120G cryAB mouse models of hereditary cataract. It also partially restored protein solubility in the lenses of aged mice in vivo and in human lenses ex vivo. These findings suggest an approach to treating cataracts by stabilizing alpha-crystallins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725592/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725592/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makley, Leah N -- McMenimen, Kathryn A -- DeVree, Brian T -- Goldman, Joshua W -- McGlasson, Brittney N -- Rajagopal, Ponni -- Dunyak, Bryan M -- McQuade, Thomas J -- Thompson, Andrea D -- Sunahara, Roger -- Klevit, Rachel E -- Andley, Usha P -- Gestwicki, Jason E -- EY017370/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY02687/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY05681/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM007767/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005681/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000433/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1RR024986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):674-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pathology, Biological Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. andley@vision.wustl.edu. ; Departments of Pathology, Biological Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Center for Chemical Genomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. andley@vision.wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry ; Animals ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Cataract/*drug therapy/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Protein Stability/drug effects ; alpha-Crystallin A Chain/*chemistry/genetics ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 170
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: Different animal cell types have distinctive and characteristic sizes. How a particular cell size is specified by differentiation programs and physiology remains one of the fundamental unknowns in cell biology. In this Review, we explore the evidence that individual cells autonomously sense and specify their own size. We discuss possible mechanisms by which size-sensing and size-specification may take place. Last, we explore the physiological implications of size control: Why is it important that particular cell types maintain a particular size? We develop these questions through examination of the current literature and pose the questions that we anticipate will guide this field in the upcoming years.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533982/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533982/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ginzberg, Miriam B -- Kafri, Ran -- Kirschner, Marc -- R01 GM026875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):1245075. doi: 10.1126/science.1245075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Cell Size ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Female ; G1 Phase ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human/cytology ; Mice
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Although it is generally accepted that cellular differentiation requires changes to transcriptional networks, dynamic regulation of promoters and enhancers at specific sets of genes has not been previously studied en masse. Exploiting the fact that active promoters and enhancers are transcribed, we simultaneously measured their activity in 19 human and 14 mouse time courses covering a wide range of cell types and biological stimuli. Enhancer RNAs, then messenger RNAs encoding transcription factors, dominated the earliest responses. Binding sites for key lineage transcription factors were simultaneously overrepresented in enhancers and promoters active in each cellular system. Our data support a highly generalizable model in which enhancer transcription is the earliest event in successive waves of transcriptional change during cellular differentiation or activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Erik -- Daub, Carsten O -- Vitting-Seerup, Kristoffer -- Andersson, Robin -- Lilje, Berit -- Drablos, Finn -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Ronnerblad, Michelle -- Hrydziuszko, Olga -- Vitezic, Morana -- Freeman, Tom C -- Alhendi, Ahmad M N -- Arner, Peter -- Axton, Richard -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- Beckhouse, Anthony -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Davis, Margaret -- Detmar, Michael -- Ehrlund, Anna -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Eslami, Afsaneh -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Ferrai, Carmelo -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Forrester, Lesley -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Guler, Reto -- Ha, Thomas -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Kai, Chieko -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Klinken, S Peter -- Kojima, Soichi -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Klein, Sarah -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Miyaguchi, Ken -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Morris, Kelly J -- Mummery, Christine -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Pombo, Ana -- Qin, Xian-Yang -- Roy, Sugata -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Swoboda, Rolf -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tomoiu, Andru -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Yanagi-Mizuochi, Chiyo -- Yoneda, Misako -- Zabierowski, Susan -- Zhang, Peter -- Abugessaisa, Imad -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furuno, Masaaki -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hori, Fumi -- Ishikawa-Kato, Sachi -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kojima, Miki -- Kondo, Naoto -- Lizio, Marina -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nishiyori-Sueki, Hiromi -- Sahin, Serkan -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Severin, Jessica -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Kawai, Jun -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Lassmann, Timo -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Summers, Kim M -- Wells, Christine -- FANTOM Consortium -- Hume, David A -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Sandelin, Albin -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- P30 CA010815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1010-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1259418. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Dogs ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: The mammalian transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 are essential components of the molecular clock that coordinate behavior and metabolism with the solar cycle. Genetic or environmental perturbation of circadian cycles contributes to metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. To study the impact of the cell-autonomous clock on pancreatic beta cell function, we examined pancreatic islets from mice with either intact or disrupted BMAL1 expression both throughout life and limited to adulthood. We found pronounced oscillation of insulin secretion that was synchronized with the expression of genes encoding secretory machinery and signaling factors that regulate insulin release. CLOCK/BMAL1 colocalized with the pancreatic transcription factor PDX1 within active enhancers distinct from those controlling rhythmic metabolic gene networks in liver. We also found that beta cell clock ablation in adult mice caused severe glucose intolerance. Thus, cell type-specific enhancers underlie the circadian control of peripheral metabolism throughout life and may help to explain its dysregulation in diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669216/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669216/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perelis, Mark -- Marcheva, Biliana -- Ramsey, Kathryn Moynihan -- Schipma, Matthew J -- Hutchison, Alan L -- Taguchi, Akihiko -- Peek, Clara Bien -- Hong, Heekyung -- Huang, Wenyu -- Omura, Chiaki -- Allred, Amanda L -- Bradfield, Christopher A -- Dinner, Aaron R -- Barish, Grant D -- Bass, Joseph -- ES05703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK105137/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG011412/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01AG011412/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020595/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P60DK020595/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES005703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007169/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007909/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):aac4250. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4250.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 52705, USA. ; Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. j-bass@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*physiology ; Exocytosis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucose Intolerance ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*secretion ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: In healthy individuals, the intestinal microbiota cannot access the liver, spleen, or other peripheral tissues. Some pathogenic bacteria can reach these sites, however, and can induce a systemic immune response. How such compartmentalization is achieved is unknown. We identify a gut-vascular barrier (GVB) in mice and humans that controls the translocation of antigens into the blood stream and prohibits entry of the microbiota. Salmonella typhimurium can penetrate the GVB in a manner dependent on its pathogenicity island (Spi) 2-encoded type III secretion system and on decreased beta-catenin-dependent signaling in gut endothelial cells. The GVB is modified in celiac disease patients with elevated serum transaminases, which indicates that GVB dismantling may be responsible for liver damage in these patients. Understanding the GVB may provide new insights into the regulation of the gut-liver axis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spadoni, Ilaria -- Zagato, Elena -- Bertocchi, Alice -- Paolinelli, Roberta -- Hot, Edina -- Di Sabatino, Antonio -- Caprioli, Flavio -- Bottiglieri, Luca -- Oldani, Amanda -- Viale, Giuseppe -- Penna, Giuseppe -- Dejana, Elisabetta -- Rescigno, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ; The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy. ; First Department of Medicine, St. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. ; Unita Operativa Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ; The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy. Department of Biosciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy. Department of Genetics, Immunology and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Biosciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy. maria.rescigno@ieo.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/blood/immunology ; Capillary Permeability/*immunology ; Celiac Disease/blood/immunology/microbiology ; Genomic Islands/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Ileum/blood supply/immunology/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/blood supply/*immunology/*microbiology ; Liver/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Salmonella Infections/*immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology ; Transaminases/blood ; Type III Secretion Systems/genetics/immunology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: The germinal center (GC) is a microanatomical compartment wherein high-affinity antibody-producing B cells are selectively expanded. B cells proliferate and mutate their antibody genes in the dark zone (DZ) of the GC and are then selected by T cells in the light zone (LZ) on the basis of affinity. Here, we show that T cell help regulates the speed of cell cycle phase transitions and DNA replication of GC B cells. Genome sequencing and single-molecule analyses revealed that T cell help shortens S phase by regulating replication fork progression, while preserving the relative order of replication origin activation. Thus, high-affinity GC B cells are selected by a mechanism that involves prolonged dwell time in the DZ where selected cells undergo accelerated cell cycles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gitlin, Alexander D -- Mayer, Christian T -- Oliveira, Thiago Y -- Shulman, Ziv -- Jones, Mathew J K -- Koren, Amnon -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- 1F30AI109903-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1UM1 AI100663-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI037526-19/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI072529-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):643-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4919. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. nussen@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology ; Cell Cycle/genetics/*immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Replication/genetics/*immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germinal Center/*cytology ; Immunity, Humoral/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; S Phase/genetics/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mitochondrial protonophore 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) has beneficial effects on NAFLD, insulin resistance, and obesity in preclinical models but is too toxic for clinical use. We developed a controlled-release oral formulation of DNP, called CRMP (controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore), that produces mild hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling. In rat models, CRMP reduced hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes. It also normalized plasma transaminase concentrations, ameliorated liver fibrosis, and improved hepatic protein synthetic function in a methionine/choline-deficient rat model of NASH. Chronic treatment with CRMP was not associated with any systemic toxicity. These data offer proof of concept that mild hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling may be a safe and effective therapy for the related epidemics of metabolic syndrome, T2D, and NASH.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495920/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495920/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, Rachel J -- Zhang, Dongyan -- Zhang, Xian-Man -- Boyer, James L -- Shulman, Gerald I -- P30 DK-34989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK-45735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK034989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK045735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK-40936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK-085638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK-101019/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U24 DK-059635/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR-000142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0672. Epub 2015 Feb 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. gerald.shulman@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4-Dinitrophenol/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations/*administration & dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proton Ionophores/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Cellular senescence is a terminal stress-activated program controlled by the p53 and p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor proteins. A striking feature of senescence is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a pro-inflammatory response linked to tumor promotion and aging. We have identified the transcription factor GATA4 as a senescence and SASP regulator. GATA4 is stabilized in cells undergoing senescence and is required for the SASP. Normally, GATA4 is degraded by p62-mediated selective autophagy, but this regulation is suppressed during senescence, thereby stabilizing GATA4. GATA4 in turn activates the transcription factor NF-kappaB to initiate the SASP and facilitate senescence. GATA4 activation depends on the DNA damage response regulators ATM and ATR, but not on p53 or p16(INK4a). GATA4 accumulates in multiple tissues, including the aging brain, and could contribute to aging and its associated inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Chanhee -- Xu, Qikai -- Martin, Timothy D -- Li, Mamie Z -- Demaria, Marco -- Aron, Liviu -- Lu, Tao -- Yankner, Bruce A -- Campisi, Judith -- Elledge, Stephen J -- AG009909/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG017242/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG046174/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006849/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD006849/OD/NIH HHS/ -- GM44664/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):aaa5612. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5612.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. selledge@genetics.med.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism ; Autophagy/*genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Aging/*genetics ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; *DNA Damage ; Fibroblasts ; GATA4 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/*genetics ; Interleukin-1alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Immune cells function in an interacting hierarchy that coordinates the activities of various cell types according to genetic and environmental contexts. We developed graphical approaches to construct an extensible immune reference map from mass cytometry data of cells from different organs, incorporating landmark cell populations as flags on the map to compare cells from distinct samples. The maps recapitulated canonical cellular phenotypes and revealed reproducible, tissue-specific deviations. The approach revealed influences of genetic variation and circadian rhythms on immune system structure, enabled direct comparisons of murine and human blood cell phenotypes, and even enabled archival fluorescence-based flow cytometry data to be mapped onto the reference framework. This foundational reference map provides a working definition of systemic immune organization to which new data can be integrated to reveal deviations driven by genetics, environment, or pathology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537647/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4537647/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spitzer, Matthew H -- Gherardini, Pier Federico -- Fragiadakis, Gabriela K -- Bhattacharya, Nupur -- Yuan, Robert T -- Hotson, Andrew N -- Finck, Rachel -- Carmi, Yaron -- Zunder, Eli R -- Fantl, Wendy J -- Bendall, Sean C -- Engleman, Edgar G -- Nolan, Garry P -- 1R01CA130826/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM109836/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 1R01NS089533/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 1U19AI100627/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 201303028/PHS HHS/ -- 5-24927/PHS HHS/ -- 5R01AI073724/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5U54CA143907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 7500108142/PHS HHS/ -- F31 CA189331/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31CA189331/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM093508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM093508-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HHSF223201210194C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN268201000034C/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200700038C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200700038C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272201200028C/PHS HHS/ -- K99 GM104148/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99GM104148-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- N01-HV-00242/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA034233/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA034233-22A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- PN2 EY018228/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- PN2EY018228 0158 G KB065/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073724/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA130826/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA184968/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM109836/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS089533/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA184968/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA183654/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA183692/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RFA CA 09-009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RFA CA 09-011/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057229/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI100627/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):1259425. doi: 10.1126/science.1259425.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gnolan@stanford.edu matthew.spitzer@stanford.edu. ; Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gnolan@stanford.edu matthew.spitzer@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Circadian Rhythm/immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Immune System/*cytology/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Reference Standards
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: There is growing interest in using engineered cells as therapeutic agents. For example, synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can redirect T cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells expressing specific antigens. Despite promising clinical results, these engineered T cells can exhibit excessive activity that is difficult to control and can cause severe toxicity. We designed "ON-switch" CARs that enable small-molecule control over T cell therapeutic functions while still retaining antigen specificity. In these split receptors, antigen-binding and intracellular signaling components assemble only in the presence of a heterodimerizing small molecule. This titratable pharmacologic regulation could allow physicians to precisely control the timing, location, and dosage of T cell activity, thereby mitigating toxicity. This work illustrates the potential of combining cellular engineering with orthogonal chemical tools to yield safer therapeutic cells that tightly integrate cell-autonomous recognition and user control.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721629/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721629/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Chia-Yung -- Roybal, Kole T -- Puchner, Elias M -- Onuffer, James -- Lim, Wendell A -- F32 GM101782/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM081879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PN2 EY016546/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA196277/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM055040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):aab4077. doi: 10.1126/science.aab4077. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. The Cell Propulsion Lab, an NIH Nanomedicine Development Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. The Cell Propulsion Lab, an NIH Nanomedicine Development Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. jamesonuffer@gmail.com wendell.lim@ucsf.edu. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. The Cell Propulsion Lab, an NIH Nanomedicine Development Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. jamesonuffer@gmail.com wendell.lim@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Cell Engineering ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/adverse effects ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Mice ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*agonists/genetics/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Small Molecule Libraries/*pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology/*transplantation ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 179
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jeremiah Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):47. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jeremiah.cohen@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurophysiology/trends ; *Reward ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*cytology
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Pancreatic beta cells lower insulin release in response to nutrient depletion. The question of whether starved beta cells induce macroautophagy, a predominant mechanism maintaining energy homeostasis, remains poorly explored. We found that, in contrast to many mammalian cells, macroautophagy in pancreatic beta cells was suppressed upon starvation. Instead, starved beta cells induced lysosomal degradation of nascent secretory insulin granules, which was controlled by protein kinase D (PKD), a key player in secretory granule biogenesis. Starvation-induced nascent granule degradation triggered lysosomal recruitment and activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin that suppressed macroautophagy. Switching from macroautophagy to insulin granule degradation was important to keep insulin secretion low upon fasting. Thus, beta cells use a PKD-dependent mechanism to adapt to nutrient availability and couple autophagy flux to secretory function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goginashvili, Alexander -- Zhang, Zhirong -- Erbs, Eric -- Spiegelhalter, Coralie -- Kessler, Pascal -- Mihlan, Michael -- Pasquier, Adrien -- Krupina, Ksenia -- Schieber, Nicole -- Cinque, Laura -- Morvan, Joelle -- Sumara, Izabela -- Schwab, Yannick -- Settembre, Carmine -- Ricci, Romeo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):878-82. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2628.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy. ; Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy. Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Translational Science Unit, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. ; Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Universite de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France. Nouvel Hopital Civil, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moleculaire, Universite de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France. romeo.ricci@igbmc.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Cells, Cultured ; Fasting ; Humans ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*physiology/secretion/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13/genetics ; Protein Kinase C/physiology ; Secretory Vesicles/*physiology/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Libraries of tens of thousands of transposon mutants generated from each of four human gut Bacteroides strains, two representing the same species, were introduced simultaneously into gnotobiotic mice together with 11 other wild-type strains to generate a 15-member artificial human gut microbiota. Mice received one of two distinct diets monotonously, or both in different ordered sequences. Quantifying the abundance of mutants in different diet contexts allowed gene-level characterization of fitness determinants, niche, stability, and resilience and yielded a prebiotic (arabinoxylan) that allowed targeted manipulation of the community. The approach described is generalizable and should be useful for defining mechanisms critical for sustaining and/or approaches for deliberately reconfiguring the highly adaptive and durable relationship between the human gut microbiota and host in ways that promote wellness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608238/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608238/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Meng -- McNulty, Nathan P -- Rodionov, Dmitry A -- Khoroshkin, Matvei S -- Griffin, Nicholas W -- Cheng, Jiye -- Latreille, Phil -- Kerstetter, Randall A -- Terrapon, Nicolas -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Osterman, Andrei L -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK52574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM108527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK052574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM108527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):aac5992. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA. A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia. ; A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994, Russia. ; Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA. ; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Aix-Marseille Universite 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. ; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Aix-Marseille Universite 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA. ; Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. jgordon@wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics ; *Diet ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Gene Library ; Genetic Fitness/*genetics ; Genetic Loci ; Genetic Markers ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/*methods ; Prebiotics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; Xylans/metabolism
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are a promising technology for fluorescence readout of millisecond-scale neuronal dynamics. Previous GEVIs had insufficient signaling speed and dynamic range to resolve action potentials in live animals. We coupled fast voltage-sensing domains from a rhodopsin protein to bright fluorophores through resonance energy transfer. The resulting GEVIs are sufficiently bright and fast to report neuronal action potentials and membrane voltage dynamics in awake mice and flies, resolving fast spike trains with 0.2-millisecond timing precision at spike detection error rates orders of magnitude better than previous GEVIs. In vivo imaging revealed sensory-evoked responses, including somatic spiking, dendritic dynamics, and intracellular voltage propagation. These results empower in vivo optical studies of neuronal electrophysiology and coding and motivate further advancements in high-speed microscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Yiyang -- Huang, Cheng -- Li, Jin Zhong -- Grewe, Benjamin F -- Zhang, Yanping -- Eismann, Stephan -- Schnitzer, Mark J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1361-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0810. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. yiyang.gong@duke.edu mschnitz@stanford.edu. ; James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. yiyang.gong@duke.edu mschnitz@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Dendrites/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; *Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; *Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Mice ; Neurons/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/genetics ; Smell
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Dental enamel, a hierarchical material composed primarily of hydroxylapatite nanowires, is susceptible to degradation by plaque biofilm-derived acids. The solubility of enamel strongly depends on the presence of Mg(2+), F(-), and CO3(2-). However, determining the distribution of these minor ions is challenging. We show-using atom probe tomography, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and correlative techniques-that in unpigmented rodent enamel, Mg(2+) is predominantly present at grain boundaries as an intergranular phase of Mg-substituted amorphous calcium phosphate (Mg-ACP). In the pigmented enamel, a mixture of ferrihydrite and amorphous iron-calcium phosphate replaces the more soluble Mg-ACP, rendering it both harder and more resistant to acid attack. These results demonstrate the presence of enduring amorphous phases with a dramatic influence on the physical and chemical properties of the mature mineralized tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, Lyle M -- Cohen, Michael J -- MacRenaris, Keith W -- Pasteris, Jill D -- Seda, Takele -- Joester, Derk -- T32GM008449/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):746-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1258950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. ; Northwestern University, Quantitative Bioelemental Imaging Center (QBIC), 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. ; Washington University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Campus Box 1169, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ; Western Washington University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA. ; Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. d-joester@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Phosphates/*chemistry ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Incisor/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: Astrocytes are important regulatory elements in brain function. They respond to neurotransmitters and release gliotransmitters that modulate synaptic transmission. However, the cell- and synapse-specificity of the functional relationship between astrocytes and neurons in certain brain circuits remains unknown. In the dorsal striatum, which mainly comprises two intermingled subtypes (striatonigral and striatopallidal) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and synapses belonging to two neural circuits (the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia), subpopulations of astrocytes selectively responded to specific MSN subtype activity. These subpopulations of astrocytes released glutamate that selectively activated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in homotypic, but not heterotypic, MSNs. Likewise, astrocyte subpopulations selectively regulated homotypic synapses through metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Therefore, bidirectional astrocyte-neuron signaling selectively occurs between specific subpopulations of astrocytes, neurons, and synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, R -- Bajo-Graneras, R -- Moratalla, R -- Perea, G -- Araque, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):730-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28002 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28002 Madrid, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. araque@umn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Basal Ganglia/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 185
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection induces protective immunity that depends on interferon-gamma-producing CD4 T cells. By contrast, we report that mucosal exposure to ultraviolet light (UV)-inactivated Ct (UV-Ct) generated regulatory T cells that exacerbated subsequent Ct infection. We show that mucosal immunization with UV-Ct complexed with charge-switching synthetic adjuvant particles (cSAPs) elicited long-lived protection in conventional and humanized mice. UV-Ct-cSAP targeted immunogenic uterine CD11b(+)CD103(-) dendritic cells (DCs), whereas UV-Ct accumulated in tolerogenic CD11b(-)CD103(+) DCs. Regardless of vaccination route, UV-Ct-cSAP induced systemic memory T cells, but only mucosal vaccination induced effector T cells that rapidly seeded uterine mucosa with resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells). Optimal Ct clearance required both T(RM) seeding and subsequent infection-induced recruitment of circulating memory T cells. Thus, UV-Ct-cSAP vaccination generated two synergistic memory T cell subsets with distinct migratory properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605428/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605428/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stary, Georg -- Olive, Andrew -- Radovic-Moreno, Aleksandar F -- Gondek, David -- Alvarez, David -- Basto, Pamela A -- Perro, Mario -- Vrbanac, Vladimir D -- Tager, Andrew M -- Shi, Jinjun -- Yethon, Jeremy A -- Farokhzad, Omid C -- Langer, Robert -- Starnbach, Michael N -- von Andrian, Ulrich H -- 1 R01-EB015419-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- AI069259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI078897/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095261/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI111595/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI078897/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30-AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA160350/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI039558/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI062827/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI069259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI072252/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI111595/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI39558/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37-EB000244/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL066987/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095261/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI113187/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54-CA119349/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54-CA151884/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):aaa8205. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. uva@hms.harvard.edu georg_stary@hms.harvard.edu. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Sanofi Pasteur, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. uva@hms.harvard.edu georg_stary@hms.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Antigens, CD11/immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chlamydia Infections/*prevention & control ; Chlamydia trachomatis/*immunology/radiation effects ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Female ; *Immunologic Memory ; Integrin alpha Chains/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucous Membrane/immunology ; Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Uterus/*immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage/immunology
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  • 186
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: The invasion of a suitable host hepatocyte by mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium sporozoites is an essential early step in successful malaria parasite infection. Yet precisely how sporozoites target their host cell and facilitate productive infection remains largely unknown. We found that the hepatocyte EphA2 receptor was critical for establishing a permissive intracellular replication compartment, the parasitophorous vacuole. Sporozoites productively infected hepatocytes with high EphA2 expression, and the deletion of EphA2 protected mice from liver infection. Lack of host EphA2 phenocopied the lack of the sporozoite proteins P52 and P36. Our data suggest that P36 engages EphA2, which is likely to be a key step in establishing the permissive replication compartment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaushansky, Alexis -- Douglass, Alyse N -- Arang, Nadia -- Vigdorovich, Vladimir -- Dambrauskas, Nicholas -- Kain, Heather S -- Austin, Laura S -- Sather, D Noah -- Kappe, Stefan H I -- 1K99AI111785-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM101183-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 AI111785/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM101183/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1089-92. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), 307 Westlake Avenue North, No. 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. alexis.kaushansky@cidresearch.org stefan.kappe@cidresearch.org. ; Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), 307 Westlake Avenue North, No. 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), 307 Westlake Avenue North, No. 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), 307 Westlake Avenue North, No. 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. alexis.kaushansky@cidresearch.org stefan.kappe@cidresearch.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Hepatocytes/*enzymology/*parasitology ; Humans ; Malaria/*enzymology/genetics/*parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Plasmodium/genetics/*physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptor, EphA2/genetics/*metabolism ; Sporozoites/*physiology
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Zaire ebolavirus is the causative agent of the current outbreak of hemorrhagic fever disease in West Africa. Previously, we showed that a whole Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine based on a replication-defective EBOV (EBOVDeltaVP30) protects immunized mice and guinea pigs against lethal challenge with rodent-adapted EBOV. Here, we demonstrate that EBOVDeltaVP30 protects nonhuman primates against lethal infection with EBOV. Although EBOVDeltaVP30 is replication-incompetent, we additionally inactivated the vaccine with hydrogen peroxide; the chemically inactivated vaccine remained antigenic and protective in nonhuman primates. EBOVDeltaVP30 thus represents a safe, efficacious, whole-EBOV vaccine candidate that differs from other EBOV vaccine platforms in that it presents all viral proteins and the viral RNA to the host immune system, which might contribute to protective immune responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4565490/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4565490/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marzi, Andrea -- Halfmann, Peter -- Hill-Batorski, Lindsay -- Feldmann, Friederike -- Shupert, W Lesley -- Neumann, Gabriele -- Feldmann, Heinz -- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro -- U54 AI 57153/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057153/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):439-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4919. Epub 2015 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA. ; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. ; Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA. ; Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Ebolavirus/drug effects/*immunology/radiation effects ; Gamma Rays ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*prevention & control ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice ; RNA, Viral/immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; Viral Proteins/immunology ; Virus Replication
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The association between inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been observed in many diseases. However, if and how chronic inflammation regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and alters ER homeostasis in general, or in the context of chronic disease, remains unknown. Here, we show that, in the setting of obesity, inflammatory input through increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity causes S-nitrosylation of a key UPR regulator, IRE1alpha, which leads to a progressive decline in hepatic IRE1alpha-mediated XBP1 splicing activity in both genetic (ob/ob) and dietary (high-fat diet-induced) models of obesity. Finally, in obese mice with liver-specific IRE1alpha deficiency, reconstitution of IRE1alpha expression with a nitrosylation-resistant variant restored IRE1alpha-mediated XBP1 splicing and improved glucose homeostasis in vivo. Taken together, these data describe a mechanism by which inflammatory pathways compromise UPR function through iNOS-mediated S-nitrosylation of IRE1alpha, which contributes to defective IRE1alpha activity, impaired ER function, and prolonged ER stress in obesity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573582/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573582/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Ling -- Calay, Ediz S -- Fan, Jason -- Arduini, Alessandro -- Kunz, Ryan C -- Gygi, Steven P -- Yalcin, Abdullah -- Fu, Suneng -- Hotamisligil, Gokhan S -- DK052539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):500-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0079.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ghotamis@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Diet, High-Fat ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; *Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Endoribonucleases/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Nitrogen Oxides/*metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism/*pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Unfolded Protein Response
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  • 189
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: Aire is an important regulator of immunological tolerance, operating in a minute subset of thymic stromal cells to induce transcripts encoding peptides that guide T cell selection. Expression of Aire during a perinatal age window is necessary and sufficient to prevent the multiorgan autoimmunity characteristic of Aire-deficient mice. We report that Aire promotes the perinatal generation of a distinct compartment of Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, which stably persists in adult mice. This population has a role in maintaining self-tolerance, a transcriptome and an activation profile distinguishable from those of Tregs produced in adults. Underlying the distinct Treg populations are age-dependent, Aire-independent differences in the processing and presentation of thymic stromal-cell peptides, resulting in different T cell receptor repertoires. Our findings expand the notion of a developmentally layered immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4710357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4710357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Siyoung -- Fujikado, Noriyuki -- Kolodin, Dmitriy -- Benoist, Christophe -- Mathis, Diane -- R01 DK060027/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):589-94. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7017. Epub 2015 Mar 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Aging Intervention Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA. cbdm@hms.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Autoimmunity ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Self Tolerance/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transcriptome
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Mutations in sunlight-induced melanoma arise from cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), DNA photoproducts that are typically created picoseconds after an ultraviolet (UV) photon is absorbed at thymine or cytosine. We found that in melanocytes, CPDs are generated for 〉3 hours after exposure to UVA, a major component of the radiation in sunlight and in tanning beds. These "dark CPDs" constitute the majority of CPDs and include the cytosine-containing CPDs that initiate UV-signature C--〉T mutations. Dark CPDs arise when UV-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species combine to excite an electron in fragments of the pigment melanin. This creates a quantum triplet state that has the energy of a UV photon but induces CPDs by energy transfer to DNA in a radiation-independent manner. Melanin may thus be carcinogenic as well as protective against cancer. These findings also validate the long-standing suggestion that chemically generated excited electronic states are relevant to mammalian biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Premi, Sanjay -- Wallisch, Silvia -- Mano, Camila M -- Weiner, Adam B -- Bacchiocchi, Antonella -- Wakamatsu, Kazumasa -- Bechara, Etelvino J H -- Halaban, Ruth -- Douki, Thierry -- Brash, Douglas E -- 2 P50 CA121974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK034989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK34989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA121974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):842-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1256022.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05513-970 SP, Brazil. ; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. ; Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05513-970 SP, Brazil. Departamento de Ciencias Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, Sao Paulo 09972-270 SP, Brazil. ; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; INAC/LCIB UMR-E3 CEA-UJF/Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. ; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. douglas.brash@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosine/metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/*radiation effects ; DNA Damage/*genetics ; Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Melanins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Melanocytes/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*genetics ; Photons ; Pyrimidine Dimers/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Sunlight/adverse effects ; Thymine/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: The maintenance of immune homeostasis requires regulatory T cells (T(regs)). Given their intrinsic self-reactivity, T(regs) must stably maintain a suppressive phenotype to avoid autoimmunity. We report that impaired expression of the transcription factor (TF) Helios by FoxP3(+) CD4 and Qa-1-restricted CD8 T(regs) results in defective regulatory activity and autoimmunity in mice. Helios-deficient T(regs) develop an unstable phenotype during inflammatory responses characterized by reduced FoxP3 expression and increased effector cytokine expression secondary to diminished activation of the STAT5 pathway. CD8 T(regs) also require Helios-dependent STAT5 activation for survival and to prevent terminal T cell differentiation. The definition of Helios as a key transcription factor that stabilizes T(regs) in the face of inflammatory responses provides a genetic explanation for a core property of T(regs).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4627635/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4627635/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Hye-Jung -- Barnitz, R Anthony -- Kreslavsky, Taras -- Brown, Flavian D -- Moffett, Howell -- Lemieux, Madeleine E -- Kaygusuz, Yasemin -- Meissner, Torsten -- Holderried, Tobias A W -- Chan, Susan -- Kastner, Philippe -- Haining, W Nicholas -- Cantor, Harvey -- R01 AI037562/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI37562/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):334-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Bioinfo, Plantagenet, Canada. ; Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Universite de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA. harvey_cantor@dfci.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity/genetics/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology ; Gene Expression ; Kidney/immunology ; Liver/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Pancreas/immunology ; STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis/genetics
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: Development of the cerebral cortex is influenced by sensory experience during distinct phases of postnatal development known as critical periods. Disruption of experience during a critical period produces neurons that lack specificity for particular stimulus features, such as location in the somatosensory system. Synaptic plasticity is the agent by which sensory experience affects cortical development. Here, we describe, in mice, a developmental critical period that affects plasticity itself. Transient neonatal disruption of signaling via the C-terminal domain of "disrupted in schizophrenia 1" (DISC1)-a molecule implicated in psychiatric disorders-resulted in a lack of long-term potentiation (LTP) (persistent strengthening of synapses) and experience-dependent potentiation in adulthood. Long-term depression (LTD) (selective weakening of specific sets of synapses) and reversal of LTD were present, although impaired, in adolescence and absent in adulthood. These changes may form the basis for the cognitive deficits associated with mutations in DISC1 and the delayed onset of a range of psychiatric symptoms in late adolescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenhill, Stuart D -- Juczewski, Konrad -- de Haan, Annelies M -- Seaton, Gillian -- Fox, Kevin -- Hardingham, Neil R -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):424-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8481.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF23 3AX, UK. ; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. ; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF23 3AX, UK. sbinrh@cardiff.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*growth & development/physiopathology ; Cognition Disorders/genetics/physiopathology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects/*genetics ; Mental Disorders/*genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects/*genetics ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Dying cells initiate adaptive immunity by providing both antigens and inflammatory stimuli for dendritic cells, which in turn activate CD8(+) T cells through a process called antigen cross-priming. To define how different forms of programmed cell death influence immunity, we established models of necroptosis and apoptosis, in which dying cells are generated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 and caspase-8 dimerization, respectively. We found that the release of inflammatory mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns, by dying cells was not sufficient for CD8(+) T cell cross-priming. Instead, robust cross-priming required receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) signaling and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-induced transcription within dying cells. Decoupling NF-kappaB signaling from necroptosis or inflammatory apoptosis reduced priming efficiency and tumor immunity. Our results reveal that coordinated inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways within dying cells orchestrate adaptive immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yatim, Nader -- Jusforgues-Saklani, Helene -- Orozco, Susana -- Schulz, Oliver -- Barreira da Silva, Rosa -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- Green, Douglas R -- Oberst, Andrew -- Albert, Matthew L -- 5R01AI108685-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI44848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):328-34. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0395. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Frontieres du Vivant Doctoral School, Ecole Doctorale 474, Universite Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 8-10 Rue Charles V, 75004 Paris, France. ; Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Campus Box 358059, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Caspase 8/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cross-Priming ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Midbrain dopamine neurons are an essential component of the basal ganglia circuitry, playing key roles in the control of fine movement and reward. Recently, it has been demonstrated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter, is co-released by dopamine neurons. Here, we show that GABA co-release in dopamine neurons does not use the conventional GABA-synthesizing enzymes, glutamate decarboxylases GAD65 and GAD67. Our experiments reveal an evolutionarily conserved GABA synthesis pathway mediated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (ALDH1a1). Moreover, GABA co-release is modulated by ethanol (EtOH) at concentrations seen in blood alcohol after binge drinking, and diminished ALDH1a1 leads to enhanced alcohol consumption and preference. These findings provide insights into the functional role of GABA co-release in midbrain dopamine neurons, which may be essential for reward-based behavior and addiction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae-Ick -- Ganesan, Subhashree -- Luo, Sarah X -- Wu, Yu-Wei -- Park, Esther -- Huang, Eric J -- Chen, Lu -- Ding, Jun B -- MH086403/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH091193/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS075136/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS091144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R00 NS075136/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS091144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):102-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Pathology Service 113B, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. dingjun@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Binge Drinking/blood/enzymology/genetics ; Dopaminergic Neurons/enzymology/*metabolism ; Ethanol/blood/pharmacology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice ; *Reward ; Sequence Deletion ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*biosynthesis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The inefficient clearance of dying cells can lead to abnormal immune responses, such as unresolved inflammation and autoimmune conditions. We show that tumor suppressor p53 controls signaling-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells through its target, Death Domain1alpha (DD1alpha), which suggests that p53 promotes both the proapoptotic pathway and postapoptotic events. DD1alpha appears to function as an engulfment ligand or receptor that engages in homophilic intermolecular interaction at intercellular junctions of apoptotic cells and macrophages, unlike other typical scavenger receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the surface of dead cells. DD1alpha-deficient mice showed in vivo defects in clearing dying cells, which led to multiple organ damage indicative of immune dysfunction. p53-induced expression of DD1alpha thus prevents persistence of cell corpses and ensures efficient generation of precise immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoon, Kyoung Wan -- Byun, Sanguine -- Kwon, Eunjeong -- Hwang, So-Young -- Chu, Kiki -- Hiraki, Masatsugu -- Jo, Seung-Hee -- Weins, Astrid -- Hakroush, Samy -- Cebulla, Angelika -- Sykes, David B -- Greka, Anna -- Mundel, Peter -- Fisher, David E -- Mandinova, Anna -- Lee, Sam W -- CA142805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA149477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK062472/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK091218/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK093378/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK57683/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- S10RR027673/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):1261669. doi: 10.1126/science.1261669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. swlee@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phagocytosis/*immunology ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Alternative splicing (AS) generates extensive transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, the functions of species- and lineage-specific splice variants are largely unknown. Here we show that mammalian-specific skipping of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) exon 9 alters the splicing regulatory activities of PTBP1 and affects the inclusion levels of numerous exons. During neurogenesis, skipping of exon 9 reduces PTBP1 repressive activity so as to facilitate activation of a brain-specific AS program. Engineered skipping of the orthologous exon in chicken cells induces a large number of mammalian-like AS changes in PTBP1 target exons. These results thus reveal that a single exon-skipping event in an RNA binding regulator directs numerous AS changes between species. Our results further suggest that these changes contributed to evolutionary differences in the formation of vertebrate nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gueroussov, Serge -- Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis, Thomas -- Irimia, Manuel -- Raj, Bushra -- Lin, Zhen-Yuan -- Gingras, Anne-Claude -- Blencowe, Benjamin J -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):868-73. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. b.blencowe@utoronto.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*embryology ; Chickens ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Exons/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Circuit remodeling driven by pathological forms of synaptic plasticity underlies several psychiatric diseases, including addiction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been applied to treat a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions, although its effects are transient and mediated by largely unknown mechanisms. Recently, optogenetic protocols that restore normal transmission at identified synapses in mice have provided proof of the idea that cocaine-adaptive behavior can be reversed in vivo. The most efficient protocol relies on the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluRs, which depotentiates excitatory synaptic inputs onto dopamine D1 receptor medium-sized spiny neurons and normalizes drug-adaptive behavior. We discovered that acute low-frequency DBS, refined by selective blockade of dopamine D1 receptors, mimics optogenetic mGluR-dependent normalization of synaptic transmission. Consequently, there was a long-lasting abolishment of behavioral sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creed, Meaghan -- Pascoli, Vincent Jean -- Luscher, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):659-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1260776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. christian.luscher@unige.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology/*therapy ; Cocaine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology/*therapy ; Deep Brain Stimulation/*methods ; Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Optogenetics/*methods ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: More than half of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) carry either KRAS or BRAF mutations and are often refractory to approved targeted therapies. We found that cultured human CRC cells harboring KRAS or BRAF mutations are selectively killed when exposed to high levels of vitamin C. This effect is due to increased uptake of the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate (DHA), via the GLUT1 glucose transporter. Increased DHA uptake causes oxidative stress as intracellular DHA is reduced to vitamin C, depleting glutathione. Thus, reactive oxygen species accumulate and inactivate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Inhibition of GAPDH in highly glycolytic KRAS or BRAF mutant cells leads to an energetic crisis and cell death not seen in KRAS and BRAF wild-type cells. High-dose vitamin C impairs tumor growth in Apc/Kras(G12D) mutant mice. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of vitamin C for CRCs with KRAS or BRAF mutations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778961/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778961/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yun, Jihye -- Mullarky, Edouard -- Lu, Changyuan -- Bosch, Kaitlyn N -- Kavalier, Adam -- Rivera, Keith -- Roper, Jatin -- Chio, Iok In Christine -- Giannopoulou, Eugenia G -- Rago, Carlo -- Muley, Ashlesha -- Asara, John M -- Paik, Jihye -- Elemento, Olivier -- Chen, Zhengming -- Pappin, Darryl J -- Dow, Lukas E -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Gross, Steven S -- Cantley, Lewis C -- KL2 TR000458/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR022615/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1391-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5004. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. ; Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. ; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. lcantley@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/genetics ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Dehydroascorbic Acid/metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Transporter Type 1/metabolism ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)/metabolism ; Glycolysis/drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Nude ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; ras Proteins/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 199
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- Vermeulen, Michiel -- Atlasi, Yaser -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):614-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: Resilience to host inflammation and other perturbations is a fundamental property of gut microbial communities, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We have found that human gut microbes from all dominant phyla are resistant to high levels of inflammation-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and have identified a mechanism for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification in the phylum Bacteroidetes that increases AMP resistance by four orders of magnitude. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron mutants that fail to remove a single phosphate group from their LPS were displaced from the microbiota during inflammation triggered by pathogen infection. These findings establish a mechanism that determines the stability of prominent members of a healthy microbiota during perturbation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388331/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388331/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cullen, T W -- Schofield, W B -- Barry, N A -- Putnam, E E -- Rundell, E A -- Trent, M S -- Degnan, P H -- Booth, C J -- Yu, H -- Goodman, A L -- AI064184/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI76322/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK089121/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP2 GM105456/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM103574/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM105456/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM103574/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007640/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):170-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1260580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. ; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. andrew.goodman@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Bacteroides/*drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Colitis/*microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Lipid A/metabolism ; Mice ; Microbiota/*drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics/*physiology ; Polymyxin B/*pharmacology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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