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Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells (2015)

M. J. Schuijs ; M. A. Willart ; K. Vergote ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 349(6252): 1106-10. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6623.

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Publication Date: 2015-09-05

Description: Growing up on a dairy farm protects children from allergy, hay fever, and asthma. A mechanism linking exposure to this endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)-rich environment with protection has remained elusive. Here we show that chronic exposure to low-dose endotoxin or farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Endotoxin reduced epithelial cell cytokines that activate dendritic cells (DCs), thus suppressing type 2 immunity to HDMs. Loss of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 in lung epithelium abolished the protective effect. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding A20 was associated with allergy and asthma risk in children growing up on farms. Thus, the farming environment protects from allergy by modifying the communication between barrier epithelial cells and DCs through A20 induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuijs, Martijn J -- Willart, Monique A -- Vergote, Karl -- Gras, Delphine -- Deswarte, Kim -- Ege, Markus J -- Madeira, Filipe Branco -- Beyaert, Rudi -- van Loo, Geert -- Bracher, Franz -- von Mutius, Erika -- Chanez, Pascal -- Lambrecht, Bart N -- Hammad, Hamida -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1106-10. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany. ; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/prevention & control ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Dairying ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Dust/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Hypersensitivity/enzymology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology ; Lung/*enzymology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Pyroglyphidae/*immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*enzymology/immunology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Quantitative caesium and silver depth-profiles in hightemperature molybdenum- and nickel-base alloys (1982)

Gras, D. J. ; Limon, A. ; Waeber, W. B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Microchimica acta 77 (1982), S. 85-95

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ISSN: 1436-5073

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten das Diffusionsverhalten von Cäsium und Silber in den technischen Hochtemperatur-Werkstoffen Nimocast 713 LC, Nimonic 86, Inconel 625 und TZM. Proben mit polierten Oberflächen wurden zwischen 700 und 1050° C im Vakuum während 170 bis 5500 h bei einem Csund Ag-Partialdruck von 10−6 Torr beladen. SIMS Nachfolgeexperimente mittels einer Ionenmikrosonde wurden an einer großen Anzahl solcher Proben ausgeführt. Dabei wurden die Multielement-Tiefenprofile in quantitative Konzentrations-Tiefenprofile transformiert unter Zuhilfenahme des LTE-(Local-Thermodynamic-Equilibrium)-Modelles von Anderson und Hinthorn. An einigen Proben wurden auchγ-spektroskopische Konzentrationsbestimmungen von radioaktivem, eindiffundiertem Cäsium mit den SIMS-Mes-sungen verglichen. Die quantitativen Konzentrations-Profile wurden mit einem einfachen Diffusionsmodell korreliert, wobei gute Übereinstimmung der Cs-Diffusionsparameter mit jenen in elementarem Nickel bzw. Molybdän gefunden wurde.

Notes: Summary In order to study the diffusion behaviour of caesium and silver in the technical high-temperature alloys Nimocast 713 LC, Nimonic 86, Inconel 625 and TZM, corresponding samples with polished surfaces were vacuum annealed between 700 and 1050° C for times between 170 and 5500 hr at Cs and Ag partial pressures of 10−6 mm Hg respectively. Post-exposure ion-microprobe mass analysis (IMMA) of a series of such samples, resulted in layer-stripping by sputtering and multielement depth profiles. The data were interpreted quantitatively with a physical model called the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model, and in some cases with the aid ofγ-spectroscopy with use of radioactive tracing materials. The results are discussed in terms of a comparison between the two approaches, and the quantitative concentration profiles are being used in a study of the diffusion behaviour in such systems. Good agreement with existing Cs diffusion data in pure nickel or molybdenum has been achieved.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196759

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Cerro Quema (Azuero Peninsula, Panama): Geology, Alteration, Mineralization, and Geochronology of a Volcanic Dome-Hosted High-Sulfidation Au-Cu Deposit (2016)

Corral, I., Cardellach, E., Corbella, M., Canals, A., Gomez-Gras, D., Griera, A., Cosca, M. A.

Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)

In: Economic Geology

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Publication Date: 2016-02-23

Description: Cerro Quema (Azuero Peninsula, southwest Panama) is a high-sulfidation epithermal Au-Cu deposit hosted by a dacite dome complex of the Río Quema Formation (late Campanian to Maastrichtian), a fore-arc basin sequence. Mineral resource estimates (indicated + inferred) are 30.86 Mt at 0.73 g/t Au, containing 728,000 oz Au (including 76.900 oz Au equiv of Cu ore). Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are controlled by an E-trending regional fault system. Hydrothermal alteration consists of an inner zone of vuggy quartz with locally developed advanced argillic alteration, enclosed by a well-developed zone of argillic alteration, grading to an external halo of propylitic alteration. Mineralization produced disseminations and microveinlets of pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, enargite, and tennantite, with traces of sphalerite, crosscut by late-stage base metal veins. New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data of igneous rocks combined with biostratigraphic ages of the volcanic sequence indicate a maximum age of lower Eocene (~55–49 Ma) for the Cerro Quema deposit. It was probably triggered by the emplacement of an underlying porphyry-like intrusion associated with the Valle Rico batholith. The geologic model suggests that in the Azuero Peninsula high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization occurs in the Cretaceous-Paleogene fore arc. This consideration should be taken into account when exploring for this deposit type in similar geologic terranes.

Print ISSN: 0361-0128

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)

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Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment (2019)

Persson, E. K., Verstraete, K., Heyndrickx, I., Gevaert, E., Aegerter, H., Percier, J.-M., Deswarte, K., Verschueren, K. H. G., Dansercoer, A., Gras, D., Chanez, P., Bachert, C., Goncalves, A., Van Gorp, H., De Haard, H., Blanchetot, C., Saunders, M., Ham

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publication Date: 2019

Description: 〈p〉Although spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event in vivo, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) consisting of galectin-10 (Gal10) protein are frequently observed in eosinophilic diseases, such as asthma. We found that CLCs derived from patients showed crystal packing and Gal10 structure identical to those of Gal10 crystals grown in vitro. When administered to the airways, crystalline Gal10 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 adjuvant. By contrast, a soluble Gal10 mutein was inert. Antibodies directed against key epitopes of the CLC crystallization interface dissolved preexisting CLCs in patient-derived mucus within hours and reversed crystal-driven inflammation, goblet-cell metaplasia, immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in a humanized mouse model of asthma. Thus, protein crystals may promote hallmark features of asthma and are targetable by crystal-dissolving antibodies.〈/p〉

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Provenance, age, and tectonic evolution of Variscan flysch, southeastern France and northeastern Spain, based on zircon geochronology (2016)

Martinez, F. J., Dietsch, C., Aleinikoff, J., Cires, J., Arboleya, M. L., Reche, J., Gomez-Gras, D.

Geological Society of America (GSA)

In: GSA Bulletin

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Publication Date: 2016-04-29

Description: Small basins filled with Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) flysch in the Variscan chain in southwestern Europe formed as ocean basins between Laurussia and Gondwana closed and deformation was transferred into Gondwanan crust. To identify flysch source areas and the spatial distribution and timing of deformation as continental collision progressed, sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb ages were determined for (1) detrital zircon and zircon in orthogneiss cobbles from flysch sediments in basins along a 300 km transect from the Montagne Noire in southeastern France across the Catalonian Massif to Minorca in northeastern Spain; (2) monazite from a potential source area; and (3) undeformed granite that crosscuts flysch sediments. A remarkable feature of flysch conglomerates all along the transect south of the Montagne Noire is that they contain pebbles and cobbles of deformed leucocratic granite, gneiss, and pegmatite, felsic volcanic porphyritic rocks, schist, and slate that resemble rocks exposed in massifs adjacent to the flysch basins. Age distributions of detrital zircon populations from 13 basins show that most grains are Neoproterozoic (younger than 850 Ma), Cambrian–Ordovician, and Early Carboniferous (Mississippian). Fewer Devonian zircons are all post-Emsian, and most are Frasnian–Famennian (Late Devonian); i.e., between ca. 359 and 385 Ma. A younger zircon population is composed mostly of igneous grains that are Early Carboniferous, in the range 360–325 Ma. In several basins, the youngest detrital zircon age group is Tournaisian; in others, it is Viséan (345–330 Ma), only a few million years older than the age of flysch deposition based on biostratigraphy. The youngest zircon age group in flysch from the Cànoves Basin along the Catalonian Massif has an age of 327 ± 4 Ma; this age overlaps the biostratigraphic age of Cànoves flysch and coincides with monazite ages determined from a high-grade pelitic gneiss exposed in the Guilleries massif ~30 km away along strike. An orthogneiss cobble from Cànoves has a crystallization age of 489 ± 5 Ma, matching the age of bedrock orthogneiss from Guilleries. These data suggest that Variscan deformation of Gondwanan crust began during the late Viséan and that individual flysch basins developed in front of a series of uplifted thrust wedges where midcrustal igneous and metamorphic rocks were rapidly exhumed and eroded. A slaty cleavage is developed in all of the flysch basins, and undeformed granites that intrude four flysch basins have ages that range between 305 and 295 Ma.

Print ISSN: 0016-7606

Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)

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Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates (2017)

Martin-Martin, J. D., Gomez-Rivas, E., Gomez-Gras, D., Trave, A., Ameneiro, R., Koehn, D., Bons, P. D.

Geological Society (of London)

In: Special Publications / Geological Society London

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Publication Date: 2017-05-05

Description: This study investigates the Late Aptian–earliest Albian platform carbonates of the Benicàssim area (Maestrat Basin, Spain) in order to assess the relationship between bed-parallel stylolites and the flow of diagenetic fluids during dolomitization and subsequent hydrothermal alteration. Dolostones and burial dolomite and calcite cements were studied by a combination of field geology and standard petrographic and isotope analysis. Field data indicate that dolostones are closely associated with seismic-scale synsedimentary faults, preferentially replace grain-dominated facies and typically show wavy dolomitizing fronts that mostly correspond to bed-parallel stylolites. The dolostones are corroded and contain bed-parallel pores that are filled with hydrothermal saddle dolomite and blocky calcite cements. This late calcite cement frequently engulfs clasts of the host dolostones, suggesting that hydraulic brecciation likely associated with overpressured fluid occurred. Results indicate that stylolites play a key role in the distribution of dolostones and subsequent hydrothermal mineralization. During the replacement stage, stylolites acted as baffles for the dolomitzing fluids controlling lateral fluid flow and resulting in the stratabound dolostone distribution. During the post-dolomitization stage, stylolites became preferred pathways for overpressured hydrothermal corrosive and mineralizing fluids that likely came from the underlying basement, and increased bed-parallel stylolitic porosity and probably also permeability.

Print ISSN: 0305-8719

Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Geological Society (of London)

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Sedimentation and volcanism in the Panamanian Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc and fore-arc: New insights from the Azuero peninsula (SW Panama) (2013)

Corral, I., Gomez-Gras, D., Griera, A., Corbella, M., Cardellach, E.

Societe Geologique de France (SGF)

In: Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France

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Publication Date: 2013-03-26

Description: The Azuero Peninsula, located in SW Panama, is a region characterized by a long-lived intra-oceanic subduction zone. Volcanism began in Late Cretaceous time, as the result of subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the Caribbean plate. Usually, ancient volcanic arcs related to intra-oceanic subduction zones are not preserved, because they are in areas with difficult access or covered by modern volcanic arc material. However, on the Azuero peninsula, a complete section of the volcanic arc together with arc basement rocks provides the opportunity to study the sedimentation and volcanism in the initial stages of volcanic arc development. The lithostratigraphic unit which records fore-arc evolution is the "Río Quema" Formation (RQF), a volcanic apron composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks interbedded with hemipelagic limestones, submarine dacite lava domes, and intruded by basaltic-andesitic dikes. The "Río Quema" Formation, interpreted as a fore-arc basin infilling sequence, lies discordantly on top of arc basement rocks. The exceptionally well exposed arc basement, fore-arc basin, volcanic arc rocks and arc-related intrusive rocks provide an unusual opportunity to study the relationship between volcanism, sedimentation and magmatism during the arc development, with the objective to reconstruct its evolution. The "Río Quema" Formation can be divided into three groups: 1) proximal apron, a sequence dominated by lava flows, interbedded with breccias, mass flows and channel fill, all intruded by basaltic dikes. The rocks represent the nearest materials to the volcanic source, reflecting a coarse sediment supply. This depositional environment is similar to gravel-rich fan deltas and submarine ramps; 2) medial apron, characterized by a volcanosedimentary succession dominated by andesitic lava flows, polymictic volcanic conglomerates and crystal-rich sandstones with minor pelagic sediments and turbidites. These rocks were deposited from high-density turbidity currents and debris flows, directly derived from erupted material and gravitational collapse of an unstable volcanic edifice or volcaniclastic apron; 3) distal apron, a thick succession of sandy to muddy volcaniclastic rocks, interbedded with pelagic limestones and minor andesitic lavas, intruded by dacite domes and by basaltic to andesitic dikes. Bedforms and fossils suggest a quiet, relatively deep-water environment characterized by settling of clay and silt (claystone, siltstone) and by dilute turbidity currents of reworked volcaniclastic detritus. The timing of the initial stages of the volcanic arc has been constrained through a biostratigraphic study, using planktonic foraminifera and radiolarian species. The fossil assemblage indicates that the age of the "Río Quema" Formation ranges from Late Campanian to Maastrichtian, providing a good constraint for the development of the volcanic arc and volcaniclastic apron, during the initial stages of an intra-oceanic subduction zone.

Print ISSN: 0037-9409

Electronic ISSN: 0037-9409

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Societe Geologique de France (SGF)

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