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  • 1
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    Observation of Double Impurity Critical Gradients for Electromagnetic Turbulence Excitation in Tokamak Plasmas (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-23
    Description: Author(s): W. L. Zhong, Y. Shen, X. L. Zou, J. M. Gao, Z. B. Shi, J. Q. Dong, X. R. Duan, M. Xu, Z. Y. Cui, Y. G. Li, X. Q. Ji, D. L. Yu, J. Cheng, G. L. Xiao, M. Jiang, Z. C. Yang, B. Y. Zhang, P. W. Shi, Z. T. Liu, X. M. Song, X. T. Ding, and Yong Liu (HL-2A Team) The impact of impurity ions on a pedestal has been investigated in the HL-2A Tokamak, at the Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China. Experimental results have clearly shown that during the H -mode phase, an electromagnetic turbulence was excited in the edge plasma region, where the impurit… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 045001] Published Fri Jul 22, 2016
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Iridescence-controlled and flexibly tunable retroreflective structural color film for smart displays (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Structural color materials, which use nano- or microstructures to reflect specific wavelengths of ambient white light, have drawn much attention owing to their wide applications ranging from optoelectronics, coatings, to energy-efficient reflective displays. Although various structural color materials based on specular or diffuse reflection have been demonstrated, neither efficient retroreflective structural colors nor iridescent and non-iridescent colors to different observers simultaneously were reported by existing artificial or natural structural color materials. Here, we show that by partially embedding a monolayer of polymer microspheres on the sticky side of a transparent tape, the spontaneously formed interferometric structure on the surface of air-cushioned microspheres can lead to unique structural colors that remain non-iridescent under coaxial illumination and viewing conditions, but appear iridescent under noncoaxial illumination and viewing conditions. Our findings demonstrate a smart, energy-efficient, and tunable retroreflective structural color material that is especially suitable for nighttime traffic safety and advertisement display applications.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Development of the radial neutron camera system for the HL-2A tokamak (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A new radial neutron camera system has been developed and operated recently in the HL-2A tokamak to measure the spatial and time resolved 2.5 MeV D-D fusion neutron, enhancing the understanding of the energetic-ion physics. The camera mainly consists of a multichannel collimator, liquid-scintillation detectors, shielding systems, and a data acquisition system. Measurements of the D-D fusion neutrons using the camera have been successfully performed during the 2015 HL-2A experiment campaign. The measurements show that the distribution of the fusion neutrons in the HL-2A plasma has a peaked profile, suggesting that the neutral beam injection beam ions in the plasma have a peaked distribution. It also suggests that the neutrons are primarily produced from beam-target reactions in the plasma core region. The measurement results from the neutron camera are well consistent with the results of both a standard 235 U fission chamber and NUBEAM neutron calculations. In this paper, the new radial neutron camera system on HL-2A and the first experimental results are described.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Tunable surface conductivity in Bi_{2}Se_{3} revealed in diffusive electron transport (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Author(s): J. Chen, X. Y. He, K. H. Wu, Z. Q. Ji, L. Lu, J. R. Shi, J. H. Smet, and Y. Q. Li We demonstrate that the weak antilocalization effect can serve as a convenient method for detecting decoupled surface transport in topological insulator thin films. In the regime where a bulk Fermi surface coexists with the surface states, the low-field magnetoconductivity is well described by the H... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 241304] Published Tue Jun 14, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    A novel nonintrusive method to resolve the thermal dome effect of pyranometers: Radiometric calibration and implications (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Traditionally the calibration equation for pyranometers assumes that the measured solar irradiance is solely proportional to the thermopile's output voltage; therefore, only a single calibration factor is derived. This causes additional measurement uncertainties because it does not capture sufficient information to correctly account for a pyranometer's thermal effect. In our updated calibration equation, temperatures from the pyranometer's dome and case are incorporated to describe the instrument's thermal behavior, and a new set of calibration constants are determined, thereby reducing measurement uncertainties. In this paper, we demonstrate why a pyranometer's uncertainty using the traditional calibration equation is always larger than a few percent, but with the new approach can become much less than 1% after the thermal issue is resolved. The highlighted calibration results are based on NIST traceable light sources under controlled laboratory conditions. The significance of the new approach lends itself to not only avoiding the uncertainty caused by a pyranometer's thermal effect but also the opportunity to better isolate and characterize other instrumental artifacts, such as angular response and nonlinearity of the thermopile, to further reduce additional uncertainties. We also discuss some of the implications, including an example of how the thermal issue can potentially impact climate studies by evaluating aerosol's direct radiative effect using field measurements with and without considering the pyranometer's thermal effect. The results of radiative transfer model simulation show that a pyranometer's thermal effect on solar irradiance measurements at the surface can be translated into a significant alteration of the calculated distribution of solar energy inside the column atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Diagnostics for energetic particle studies on the HL-2A tokamaka) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: About 13 kinds of diagnostics for energetic particle physics studied on the HuanLiuqi-2A (commonly referred to as HL-2A) tokamak are described in this paper. Their measurement ranges, resolutions, and arrangement are presented. Three under-construction diagnostics including imaging fast ion D-alpha, scintillator matrix (for hard X-ray detection), and bundle fission chamber are described in detail.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Archaefructaceae, a new basal angiosperm family (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Archaefructaceae is proposed as a new basal angiosperm family of herbaceous aquatic plants. This family consists of the fossils Archaefructus liaoningensis and A. sinensis sp. nov. Complete plants from roots to fertile shoots are known. Their age is a minimum of 124.6 million years from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China. They are a sister clade to all angiosperms when their characters are included in a combined three-gene molecular and morphological analysis. Their reproductive axes lack petals and sepals and bear stamens in pairs below conduplicate carpels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Ge -- Ji, Qiang -- Dilcher, David L -- Zheng, Shaolin -- Nixon, Kevin C -- Wang, Xinfu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):899-904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Center of Palaeontology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China. sunge@jlu.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/growth & development ; China ; *Fossils ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Plant Roots/anatomy & histology ; Plant Shoots/anatomy & histology ; Plant Stems/anatomy & histology ; Plant Structures/anatomy & histology ; Pollen ; Terminology as Topic ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    An egg-adult association, gender, and reproduction in pterosaurs (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: A sexually mature individual of Darwinopterus preserved together with an egg from the Jurassic of China provides direct evidence of gender in pterosaurs and insights into the reproductive biology of these extinct fliers. This new find and several other examples of Darwinopterus demonstrate that males of this pterosaur had a relatively small pelvis and a large cranial crest, whereas females had a relatively large pelvis and no crest. The ratio of egg mass to adult mass is relatively low, as in extant reptiles, and is comparable to values for squamates. A parchment-like eggshell points to burial and significant uptake of water after oviposition. This evidence for low parental investment contradicts the widespread assumption that reproduction in pterosaurs was like that of birds and shows that it was essentially like that of reptiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Junchang -- Unwin, David M -- Deeming, D Charles -- Jin, Xingsheng -- Liu, Yongqing -- Ji, Qiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):321-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1197323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. lujc2008@126.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Egg Shell ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Oviposition ; *Ovum ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; *Reproduction ; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Experimental observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a magnetic topological insulator (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: The quantized version of the anomalous Hall effect has been predicted to occur in magnetic topological insulators, but the experimental realization has been challenging. Here, we report the observation of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in thin films of chromium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3, a magnetic topological insulator. At zero magnetic field, the gate-tuned anomalous Hall resistance reaches the predicted quantized value of h/e(2), accompanied by a considerable drop in the longitudinal resistance. Under a strong magnetic field, the longitudinal resistance vanishes, whereas the Hall resistance remains at the quantized value. The realization of the QAH effect may lead to the development of low-power-consumption electronics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Cui-Zu -- Zhang, Jinsong -- Feng, Xiao -- Shen, Jie -- Zhang, Zuocheng -- Guo, Minghua -- Li, Kang -- Ou, Yunbo -- Wei, Pang -- Wang, Li-Li -- Ji, Zhong-Qing -- Feng, Yang -- Ji, Shuaihua -- Chen, Xi -- Jia, Jinfeng -- Dai, Xi -- Fang, Zhong -- Zhang, Shou-Cheng -- He, Ke -- Wang, Yayu -- Lu, Li -- Ma, Xu-Cun -- Xue, Qi-Kun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1234414. Epub 2013 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Derived features of a new boreosphenidan mammal from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China suggest that it has a closer relationship to metatherians (including extant marsupials) than to eutherians (including extant placentals). This fossil dates to 125 million years ago and extends the record of marsupial relatives with skeletal remains by 50 million years. It also has many foot structures known only from climbing and tree-living extant mammals, suggesting that early crown therians exploited diverse niches. New data from this fossil support the view that Asia was likely the center for the diversification of the earliest metatherians and eutherians during the Early Cretaceous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Ji, Qiang -- Wible, John R -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1934-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. luoz@carnegiemuseums.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Dentition ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Locomotion ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Paleodontology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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