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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-10-19
    Description: Host injury triggers feedback mechanisms that limit tissue damage. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) express dendritic cell natural killer lectin group receptor-1 (DNGR-1), encoded by the gene Clec9a , which senses tissue damage and favors cross-presentation of dead-cell material to CD8 + T cells. Here we find that DNGR-1 additionally reduces host-damaging inflammatory responses induced by sterile and infectious tissue injury in mice. DNGR-1 deficiency leads to exacerbated caerulein-induced necrotizing pancreatitis and increased pathology during systemic Candida albicans infection without affecting fungal burden. This effect is B and T cell–independent and attributable to increased neutrophilia in DNGR-1–deficient settings. Mechanistically, DNGR-1 engagement activates SHP-1 and inhibits MIP-2 (encoded by Cxcl2 ) production by cDC1s during Candida infection. This consequently restrains neutrophil recruitment and promotes disease tolerance. Thus, DNGR-1–mediated sensing of injury by cDC1s serves as a rheostat for the control of tissue damage, innate immunity, and immunopathology.
    Keywords: Immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-09-20
    Description: The aim of the COBRA experiment is to prove the existence of neutrinoless double-beta-decay (-decay) and to measure its half-life. For this purpose a detector array made of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe) semiconductor detectors is operated at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy. This setup is used to investigate the experimental issues of operating CdZnTe detectors in low-background mode and to identify potential background components, whilst additional studies are proceeding in surface laboratories. The experiment currently consists of monolithic, calorimetric detectors of coplanar grid design (CPG detectors). These detectors are 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 and are arranged in 4 × 4 detector layers. Ultimately four layers will be installed by the end of 2013, of which two are currently operating. To date 82.3 kg·days of data have been collected. In the region of interest for 116Cd around 2.8 MeV, the median energy resolution is 1.5% FWHM, and a background level near 1 counts/keV/kg/y has been reached. This paper gives an overview of the current status of the experiment and future perspectives.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1959-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is believed to be the critical trigger for activation of antiviral immunity mediated by the RNA helicase enzymes retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). We showed that influenza A virus infection does not generate dsRNA and that RIG-I is activated by viral genomic single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bearing 5'-phosphates. This is blocked by the influenza protein nonstructured protein 1 (NS1), which is found in a complex with RIG-I in infected cells. These results identify RIG-I as a ssRNA sensor and potential target of viral immune evasion and suggest that its ability to sense 5'-phosphorylated RNA evolved in the innate immune system as a means of discriminating between self and nonself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pichlmair, Andreas -- Schulz, Oliver -- Tan, Choon Ping -- Naslund, Tanja I -- Liljestrom, Peter -- Weber, Friedemann -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):997-1001. Epub 2006 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism/virology ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/*metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/virology ; Encephalomyocarditis virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism/physiology ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: We report on results of an all-sky search for high-energy neutrino events interacting within the IceCube neutrino detector conducted between May 2010 and May 2012. The search follows up on the previous detection of two PeV neutrino events, with improved sensitivity and extended energy coverage down to about 30 TeV. Twenty-six additional events were observed, substantially more than expected from atmospheric backgrounds. Combined, both searches reject a purely atmospheric origin for the 28 events at the 4sigma level. These 28 events, which include the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, have flavors, directions, and energies inconsistent with those expected from the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. These properties are, however, consistent with generic predictions for an additional component of extraterrestrial origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉IceCube Collaboration -- Aartsen, M G -- Abbasi, R -- Abdou, Y -- Ackermann, M -- Adams, J -- Aguilar, J A -- Ahlers, M -- Altmann, D -- Auffenberg, J -- Bai, X -- Baker, M -- Barwick, S W -- Baum, V -- Bay, R -- Beatty, J J -- Bechet, S -- Becker Tjus, J -- Becker, K-H -- Benabderrahmane, M L -- BenZvi, S -- Berghaus, P -- Berley, D -- Bernardini, E -- Bernhard, A -- Bertrand, D -- Besson, D Z -- Binder, G -- Bindig, D -- Bissok, M -- Blaufuss, E -- Blumenthal, J -- Boersma, D J -- Bohaichuk, S -- Bohm, C -- Bose, D -- Boser, S -- Botner, O -- Brayeur, L -- Bretz, H-P -- Brown, A M -- Bruijn, R -- Brunner, J -- Carson, M -- Casey, J -- Casier, M -- Chirkin, D -- Christov, A -- Christy, B -- Clark, K -- Clevermann, F -- Coenders, S -- Cohen, S -- Cowen, D F -- Cruz Silva, A H -- Danninger, M -- Daughhetee, J -- Davis, J C -- Day, M -- De Clercq, C -- De Ridder, S -- Desiati, P -- de Vries, K D -- de With, M -- DeYoung, T -- Diaz-Velez, J C -- Dunkman, M -- Eagan, R -- Eberhardt, B -- Eichmann, B -- Eisch, J -- Ellsworth, R W -- Euler, S -- Evenson, P A -- Fadiran, O -- Fazely, A R -- Fedynitch, A -- Feintzeig, J -- Feusels, T -- Filimonov, K -- Finley, C -- Fischer-Wasels, T -- Flis, S -- Franckowiak, A -- Frantzen, K -- Fuchs, T -- Gaisser, T K -- Gallagher, J -- Gerhardt, L -- Gladstone, L -- Glusenkamp, T -- Goldschmidt, A -- Golup, G -- Gonzalez, J G -- Goodman, J A -- Gora, D -- Grandmont, D T -- Grant, D -- Gross, A -- Ha, C -- Haj Ismail, A -- Hallen, P -- Hallgren, A -- Halzen, F -- Hanson, K -- Heereman, D -- Heinen, D -- Helbing, K -- Hellauer, R -- Hickford, S -- Hill, G C -- Hoffman, K D -- Hoffmann, R -- Homeier, A -- Hoshina, K -- Huelsnitz, W -- Hulth, P O -- Hultqvist, K -- Hussain, S -- Ishihara, A -- Jacobi, E -- Jacobsen, J -- Jagielski, K -- Japaridze, G S -- Jero, K -- Jlelati, O -- Kaminsky, B -- Kappes, A -- Karg, T -- Karle, A -- Kelley, J L -- Kiryluk, J -- Klas, J -- Klein, S R -- Kohne, J-H -- Kohnen, G -- Kolanoski, H -- Kopke, L -- Kopper, C -- Kopper, S -- Koskinen, D J -- Kowalski, M -- Krasberg, M -- Krings, K -- Kroll, G -- Kunnen, J -- Kurahashi, N -- Kuwabara, T -- Labare, M -- Landsman, H -- Larson, M J -- Lesiak-Bzdak, M -- Leuermann, M -- Leute, J -- Lunemann, J -- Madsen, J -- Maggi, G -- Maruyama, R -- Mase, K -- Matis, H S -- McNally, F -- Meagher, K -- Merck, M -- Meures, T -- Miarecki, S -- Middell, E -- Milke, N -- Miller, J -- Mohrmann, L -- Montaruli, T -- Morse, R -- Nahnhauer, R -- Naumann, U -- Niederhausen, H -- Nowicki, S C -- Nygren, D R -- Obertacke, A -- Odrowski, S -- Olivas, A -- O'Murchadha, A -- Paul, L -- Pepper, J A -- Perez de los Heros, C -- Pfendner, C -- Pieloth, D -- Pinat, E -- Posselt, J -- Price, P B -- Przybylski, G T -- Radel, L -- Rameez, M -- Rawlins, K -- Redl, P -- Reimann, R -- Resconi, E -- Rhode, W -- Ribordy, M -- Richman, M -- Riedel, B -- Rodrigues, J P -- Rott, C -- Ruhe, T -- Ruzybayev, B -- Ryckbosch, D -- Saba, S M -- Salameh, T -- Sander, H-G -- Santander, M -- Sarkar, S -- Schatto, K -- Scheriau, F -- Schmidt, T -- Schmitz, M -- Schoenen, S -- Schoneberg, S -- Schonwald, A -- Schukraft, A -- Schulte, L -- Schulz, O -- Seckel, D -- Sestayo, Y -- Seunarine, S -- Shanidze, R -- Sheremata, C -- Smith, M W E -- Soldin, D -- Spiczak, G M -- Spiering, C -- Stamatikos, M -- Stanev, T -- Stasik, A -- Stezelberger, T -- Stokstad, R G -- Stossl, A -- Strahler, E A -- Strom, R -- Sullivan, G W -- Taavola, H -- Taboada, I -- Tamburro, A -- Tepe, A -- Ter-Antonyan, S -- Tesic, G -- Tilav, S -- Toale, P A -- Toscano, S -- Unger, E -- Usner, M -- van Eijndhoven, N -- Van Overloop, A -- van Santen, J -- Vehring, M -- Voge, M -- Vraeghe, M -- Walck, C -- Waldenmaier, T -- Wallraff, M -- Weaver, Ch -- Wellons, M -- Wendt, C -- Westerhoff, S -- Whitehorn, N -- Wiebe, K -- Wiebusch, C H -- Williams, D R -- Wissing, H -- Wolf, M -- Wood, T R -- Woschnagg, K -- Xu, D L -- Xu, X W -- Yanez, J P -- Yodh, G -- Yoshida, S -- Zarzhitsky, P -- Ziemann, J -- Zierke, S -- Zoll, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):1242856. doi: 10.1126/science.1242856.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Dying cells initiate adaptive immunity by providing both antigens and inflammatory stimuli for dendritic cells, which in turn activate CD8(+) T cells through a process called antigen cross-priming. To define how different forms of programmed cell death influence immunity, we established models of necroptosis and apoptosis, in which dying cells are generated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 and caspase-8 dimerization, respectively. We found that the release of inflammatory mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns, by dying cells was not sufficient for CD8(+) T cell cross-priming. Instead, robust cross-priming required receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) signaling and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-induced transcription within dying cells. Decoupling NF-kappaB signaling from necroptosis or inflammatory apoptosis reduced priming efficiency and tumor immunity. Our results reveal that coordinated inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways within dying cells orchestrate adaptive immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yatim, Nader -- Jusforgues-Saklani, Helene -- Orozco, Susana -- Schulz, Oliver -- Barreira da Silva, Rosa -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- Green, Douglas R -- Oberst, Andrew -- Albert, Matthew L -- 5R01AI108685-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI44848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):328-34. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0395. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Frontieres du Vivant Doctoral School, Ecole Doctorale 474, Universite Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 8-10 Rue Charles V, 75004 Paris, France. ; Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Campus Box 358059, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Caspase 8/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cross-Priming ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 18 (1983), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The sulphur isotope composition of 233 sulphides and 40 sulphates has been investigated and evaluated in combination with 29 earlier published data. The total variation of δ34S values for the sulphides and the sulphates ranges from −40 up to −1 ‰ and from +7 up to +20 ‰, respectively. For the mineral species the variations are (with number of samples in brackets): galena (96) −32 up to −2 ‰, sphalerite (141) −30 up to −4 ‰, marcasite (16) −27 up to −1 ‰, pyrite (10) −26 up to −13 ‰, molybedenite (3) −40 up to −29 ‰, anhydrite and gypsum (8) +15 up to +20 ‰, coelestine (1) +19 ‰, and barite (33) +7 up to +18 ‰. The frequency distribution of the δ34S values corresponds with the complexity of the ore forming processes which resulted in six strata-bound ore mineralizations. The sulphate values clearly show that the sulphate sulphur originates from sea water sulphate. The sulphides are formed by bacteriogeneric processes from seawater sulphate, and their sulphur isotope composition depends on the lithofacies of the sediments as well as on the following diagenetic processes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von der Blei-Zinklagerstätte Bleiberg (Kärnten, Österreich) wurden 233 Sulfide und 40 Sulfate auf ihre Schwefelisotopenzus ammensetzung untersucht und zusammen mit 29 bereits bekannten Daten ausgewertet. Die δ34S-Werte der Sulfide liegen im Bereich von −40 bis −1 ‰. Für die einzelnen Mineralarten wurde gefunden (jeweilige Probenanzahl in Klammern): Galenit (96) −32 bis −2 ‰, Sphalerit (141) −30 bis −4 ‰, Markasit (16) −27 bis −1 ‰, Pyrit (10) −26 bis −13 ‰, Molybdänit (3) −40 bis −29 ‰, Anhydrit und Gips (8) +15 bis +20 ‰, Cölestin (1) +19 ‰ und Baryt (33) +7 bis +18 ‰. Die Häufigkeitsverteilung der δ34S-Werte charakterisiert die Komplexität des Vererzungsvorganges. Sechs schichtgebundene Vererzungsabläufe vom Unterkarn bis zur Basis des Nor zeigen bei den Sulfaten nur geringe Variation. Die Herkunft des Sulfatschwefels aus dem Meerwasser ist daraus ableitbar. Die Sulfide sind durch bakteriogene Prozesse abgeschieden worden und ihre Schwefelisotopenzusammensetzung erscheint sowohl von der Lithofazies der Karbonatsedimente als auch von späteren diagenetischen Prozessen abhängig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A versatile modular setup is described which incorporates ellipsometry, surface plasmon spectroscopy, waveguide modes, their corresponding imaging techniques and Brewster angle microscopy in a single instrument. The important design criteria are discussed with special emphasis given to the requirements imposed by imaging under an oblique angle of incidence. Several experimental examples demonstrate the power of the instrument. Imaging nullellipsometry of a patterned monolayer on a highly reflecting support demonstrates a lateral resolution of approximately 1 μm and an accuracy in the thickness determination in the sub-nm region. The localization of the evanescent field of a surface plasmon was exploited to characterize adsorption layers in turbid and thus highly scattering solutions. An example of how an anisotropic sample can be characterized with the aid of waveguide modes is provided. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 27 (1992), S. 281-291 
    ISSN: 0302-4598
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics 173 (1993), S. 491-504 
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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