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  • 1
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    No apparent superluminal motion in the first-known jetted tidal disruption event Swift J1644+5734 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-17
    Description: The first-known tidal disruption event (TDE) with strong evidence for a relativistic jet – based on extensive multiwavelength campaigns – is Swift J1644+5734. In order to directly measure the apparent speed of the radio jet, we performed very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI network (EVN) at 5 GHz. Our observing strategy was to identify a very nearby and compact radio source with the real-time e-EVN, and then utilize this source as a stationary astrometry reference point in the later five deep EVN observations. With respect to the in-beam source FIRST J1644+5736, we have achieved a statistical astrometric precision about 12 μas (68 per cent confidence level) per epoch. This is one of the best phase-referencing measurements available to date. No proper motion has been detected in the Swift J1644+5734 radio ejecta. We conclude that the apparent average ejection speed between 2012.2 and 2015.2 was less than 0.3 c with a confidence level of 99 per cent. This tight limit is direct observational evidence for either a very small viewing angle or a strong jet deceleration due to interactions with a dense circum-nuclear medium, in agreement with some recent theoretical studies.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Cellular scaling rules for bird brains [Neuroscience] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Some birds achieve primate-like levels of cognition, even though their brains tend to be much smaller in absolute size. This poses a fundamental problem in comparative and computational neuroscience, because small brains are expected to have a lower information-processing capacity. Using the isotropic fractionator to determine numbers of neurons in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Cellular automaton simulation of ferrite-austenite transformation in low-carbon steels (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: A two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automaton (CA) model is adopted to simulate ferrite (?)-austenite (?) transformation in low-carbon steels. In the model, the preferential nucleation sites of austenite, the driving force of phase transformation coupled with thermodynamic parameters, solute partition at the ?/? interface, and carbon diffusion in both the ? and ? phases are taken into consideration. The model is able to simulate the ferrite-to- austenite transformation during isothermal heating in the ferrite-austenite two-phase region, and the austenite-to-ferrite transformation during continuous cooling. The influences of cooling rate and ? grain size on the final carbon concentration field are investigated. The results show that after isothermal heating at 815?C for 300 s, the carbon concentration in both the ? and ? phases reach the respective equilibrium values. The simulated microstructures compare well with the SEM images. After cooling to room temperature, the carbon distrib...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Modeling of microporosity formation during solidification of aluminum alloys (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: A two-dimensional (2D) multi-phase cellular automaton (MCA) model is adopted to simulate the dendrite and microporosity formation during solidification of aluminium alloys. The model involves three phases of liquid, gas, and solid. The effect of liquid-solid phase transformation on the nucleation and growth of porosity, the redistribution and diffusion of solute and hydrogen, and the effects of surface tension and environmental pressure are taken into account. The growth of both dendrite and porosity is simulated using a CA approach. The diffusion of solute and hydrogen is calculated using the finite difference (FD) method. The simulations can reveal the interactive and competitive growth of dendrites and micropores, and the microsegregationof solute and hydrogen. The porosity nuclei with large size are able to grow preferentially, while the growth of the small porosity nuclei is inhibited. Gas pores grow spherically when it is enveloped by liquid. After touching with dendrites, ...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and yield strength of a cold-rolled enameling steel (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: The mechanisms of yield strength reduction of a cold-rolled enameling steel after enamel-fire annealing at 760?C by air cooling, and the effect of the tempering process on the microstructure and yield strength, are studied by combining experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that after heat treatment at 760?C and air cooling, the lump phase, enriched with the element carbon, appears along the ferrite grain boundaries, which leads to yield strength reduction. After tempering at 200?C?400?C, the lump phase disappears gradually and is transformed to lamellar pearlite as the tempering temperature increases, resulting in the yield strength increasing.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Controlling the Spacing of Attosecond Pulse Trains from Relativistic Surface Plasmas (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-07
    Description: Author(s): M. Behmke, D. an der Brügge, C. Rödel, M. Cerchez, D. Hemmers, M. Heyer, O. Jäckel, M. Kübel, G. G. Paulus, G. Pretzler, A. Pukhov, M. Toncian, T. Toncian, and O. Willi When a laser pulse hits a solid surface with relativistic intensities, XUV attosecond pulses are generated in the reflected light. We present an experimental and theoretical study of the temporal properties of attosecond pulse trains in this regime. The recorded harmonic spectra show distinct fine s... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 185002] Published Fri May 06, 2011
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    A dynamic alternative splicing program regulates gene expression during terminal erythropoiesis (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: Alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing remodels the human transcriptome in a spatiotemporal manner during normal development and differentiation. Here we explored the landscape of transcript diversity in the erythroid lineage by RNA-seq analysis of five highly purified populations of morphologically distinct human erythroblasts, representing the last four cell divisions before enucleation. In this unique differentiation system, we found evidence of an extensive and dynamic alternative splicing program encompassing genes with many diverse functions. Alternative splicing was particularly enriched in genes controlling cell cycle, organelle organization, chromatin function and RNA processing. Many alternative exons exhibited differentiation-associated switches in splicing efficiency, mostly in late-stage polychromatophilic and orthochromatophilic erythroblasts, in concert with extensive cellular remodeling that precedes enucleation. A subset of alternative splicing switches introduces premature translation termination codons into selected transcripts in a differentiation stage-specific manner, supporting the hypothesis that alternative splicing-coupled nonsense-mediated decay contributes to regulation of erythroid-expressed genes as a novel part of the overall differentiation program. We conclude that a highly dynamic alternative splicing program in terminally differentiating erythroblasts plays a major role in regulating gene expression to ensure synthesis of appropriate proteome at each stage as the cells remodel in preparation for production of mature red cells.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Harmonic Generation from Relativistic Plasma Surfaces in Ultrasteep Plasma Density Gradients (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-20
    Description: Author(s): C. Rödel, D. an der Brügge, J. Bierbach, M. Yeung, T. Hahn, B. Dromey, S. Herzer, S. Fuchs, A. Galestian Pour, E. Eckner, M. Behmke, M. Cerchez, O. Jäckel, D. Hemmers, T. Toncian, M. C. Kaluza, A. Belyanin, G. Pretzler, O. Willi, A. Pukhov, M. Zepf, and G. G. Paulus Harmonic generation in the limit of ultrasteep density gradients is studied experimentally. Observations reveal that, while the efficient generation of high order harmonics from relativistic surfaces requires steep plasma density scale lengths ( L p / λ 〈1), the absolute efficiency of the harmonics de... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 125002] Published Wed Sep 19, 2012
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Here, we show that in germ-free (GF) mice, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells accumulate in the colonic lamina propria and lung, resulting in increased morbidity in models of IBD and allergic asthma as compared with that of specific pathogen-free mice. This was associated with increased intestinal and pulmonary expression of the chemokine ligand CXCL16, which was associated with increased mucosal iNKT cells. Colonization of neonatal-but not adult-GF mice with a conventional microbiota protected the animals from mucosal iNKT accumulation and related pathology. These results indicate that age-sensitive contact with commensal microbes is critical for establishing mucosal iNKT cell tolerance to later environmental exposures.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olszak, Torsten -- An, Dingding -- Zeissig, Sebastian -- Vera, Miguel Pinilla -- Richter, Julia -- Franke, Andre -- Glickman, Jonathan N -- Siebert, Reiner -- Baron, Rebecca M -- Kasper, Dennis L -- Blumberg, Richard S -- AI090102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK44319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK51362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK53056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK88199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):489-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1219328. Epub 2012 Mar 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antigens, CD1d/immunology ; Asthma/*immunology ; Bacteria/*growth & development ; Chemokine CXCL6/genetics/metabolism ; Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced/*immunology ; Colon/immunology/microbiology ; DNA Methylation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Germ-Free Life ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Lung/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Natural Killer T-Cells/*immunology ; Oxazolone ; Receptors, CXCR/genetics/metabolism ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    CTCF establishes discrete functional chromatin domains at the Hox clusters during differentiation (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins encode the epigenetic memory of cellular positional identity by establishing inheritable domains of repressive and active chromatin within the Hox clusters. Here we demonstrate that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions to insulate these adjacent yet antagonistic chromatin domains during embryonic stem cell differentiation into cervical motor neurons. Deletion of CTCF binding sites within the Hox clusters results in the expansion of active chromatin into the repressive domain. CTCF functions as an insulator by organizing Hox clusters into spatially disjoint domains. Ablation of CTCF binding disrupts topological boundaries such that caudal Hox genes leave the repressed domain and become subject to transcriptional activation. Hence, CTCF is required to insulate facultative heterochromatin from impinging euchromatin to produce discrete positional identities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narendra, Varun -- Rocha, Pedro P -- An, Disi -- Raviram, Ramya -- Skok, Jane A -- Mazzoni, Esteban O -- Reinberg, Danny -- GM-64844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37-37120/PHS HHS/ -- T32 GM007238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1017-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1262088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Multigene Family ; Neck ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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