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  • 101
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Andrew R -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 11;533(7602):S60-1. doi: 10.1038/533S60a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27167393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Access to Information ; Animals ; *Azepines/classification/economics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Discovery/economics/*methods ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Patents as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Triazoles/classification/economics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: Neoplastic pancreatic epithelial cells are believed to die through caspase 8-dependent apoptotic cell death, and chemotherapy is thought to promote tumour apoptosis. Conversely, cancer cells often disrupt apoptosis to survive. Another type of programmed cell death is necroptosis (programmed necrosis), but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. There are many potential inducers of necroptosis in PDA, including ligation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), CD95, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, Toll-like receptors, reactive oxygen species, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Here we report that the principal components of the necrosome, receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1 and RIP3, are highly expressed in PDA and are further upregulated by the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. Blockade of the necrosome in vitro promoted cancer cell proliferation and induced an aggressive oncogenic phenotype. By contrast, in vivo deletion of RIP3 or inhibition of RIP1 protected against oncogenic progression in mice and was associated with the development of a highly immunogenic myeloid and T cell infiltrate. The immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment associated with intact RIP1/RIP3 signalling depended in part on necroptosis-induced expression of the chemokine attractant CXCL1, and CXCL1 blockade protected against PDA. Moreover, cytoplasmic SAP130 (a subunit of the histone deacetylase complex) was expressed in PDA in a RIP1/RIP3-dependent manner, and Mincle--its cognate receptor--was upregulated in tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells. Ligation of Mincle by SAP130 promoted oncogenesis, whereas deletion of Mincle protected against oncogenesis and phenocopied the immunogenic reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment that was induced by RIP3 deletion. Cellular depletion suggested that whereas inhibitory macrophages promote tumorigenesis in PDA, they lose their immune-suppressive effects when RIP3 or Mincle is deleted. Accordingly, T cells, which are not protective against PDA progression in mice with intact RIP3 or Mincle signalling, are reprogrammed into indispensable mediators of anti-tumour immunity in the absence of RIP3 or Mincle. Our work describes parallel networks of necroptosis-induced CXCL1 and Mincle signalling that promote macrophage-induced adaptive immune suppression and thereby enable PDA progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seifert, Lena -- Werba, Gregor -- Tiwari, Shaun -- Giao Ly, Nancy Ngoc -- Alothman, Sara -- Alqunaibit, Dalia -- Avanzi, Antonina -- Barilla, Rocky -- Daley, Donnele -- Greco, Stephanie H -- Torres-Hernandez, Alejandro -- Pergamo, Matthew -- Ochi, Atsuo -- Zambirinis, Constantinos P -- Pansari, Mridul -- Rendon, Mauricio -- Tippens, Daniel -- Hundeyin, Mautin -- Mani, Vishnu R -- Hajdu, Cristina -- Engle, Dannielle -- Miller, George -- CA155649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):245-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17403. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenocarcinoma/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; *Carcinogenesis/drug effects ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chemokine CXCL1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Lectins, C-Type/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Necrosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 103
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Serio, Tricia -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):415. doi: 10.1038/532415a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Arizona in Tucson, and a public-voices fellow with the OpEd Project (www.theopedproject.org).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aggression/psychology ; *Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel/*psychology ; Science/*manpower ; Sexism/*prevention & control/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shalvi, Shaul -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):456-7. doi: 10.1038/nature17307. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED) and the Psychology Department, University of Amsterdam, 1018WB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Deception ; Female ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Male ; *Societies ; Students/*psychology ; *Virtues
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 105
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-07
    Beschreibung: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of T cells carrying the CD4 antigen; they are important in supporting plasma cell and germinal centre responses. The initial induction of Tfh cell properties occurs within the first few days after activation by antigen recognition on dendritic cells, although how dendritic cells promote this cell-fate decision is not fully understood. Moreover, although Tfh cells are uniquely defined by expression of the follicle-homing receptor CXCR5 (refs 1, 2), the guidance receptor promoting the earlier localization of activated T cells at the interface of the B-cell follicle and T zone has been unclear. Here we show that the G-protein-coupled receptor EBI2 (GPR183) and its ligand 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol mediate positioning of activated CD4 T cells at the interface of the follicle and T zone. In this location they interact with activated dendritic cells and are exposed to Tfh-cell-promoting inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) ligand. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that has multiple influences on T-cell fate, including negative regulation of Tfh cell differentiation. We demonstrate that activated dendritic cells in the outer T zone further augment Tfh cell differentiation by producing membrane and soluble forms of CD25, the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain, and quenching T-cell-derived IL-2. Mice lacking EBI2 in T cells or CD25 in dendritic cells have reduced Tfh cells and mount defective T-cell-dependent plasma cell and germinal centre responses. These findings demonstrate that distinct niches within the lymphoid organ T zone support distinct cell fate decisions, and they establish a function for dendritic-cell-derived CD25 in controlling IL-2 availability and T-cell differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Jianhua -- Lu, Erick -- Yi, Tangsheng -- Cyster, Jason G -- AI40098/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI040098/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):110-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*immunology ; Female ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Hydroxycholesterols/metabolism ; Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/*immunology ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/biosynthesis/chemistry/deficiency/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Plasma Cells/immunology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Solubility ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-09
    Beschreibung: Sighs are long, deep breaths expressing sadness, relief or exhaustion. Sighs also occur spontaneously every few minutes to reinflate alveoli, and sighing increases under hypoxia, stress, and certain psychiatric conditions. Here we use molecular, genetic, and pharmacologic approaches to identify a peptidergic sigh control circuit in murine brain. Small neural subpopulations in a key breathing control centre, the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG), express bombesin-like neuropeptide genes neuromedin B (Nmb) or gastrin-releasing peptide (Grp). These project to the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC), the respiratory rhythm generator, which expresses NMB and GRP receptors in overlapping subsets of ~200 neurons. Introducing either neuropeptide into preBotC or onto preBotC slices, induced sighing or in vitro sigh activity, whereas elimination or inhibition of either receptor reduced basal sighing, and inhibition of both abolished it. Ablating receptor-expressing neurons eliminated basal and hypoxia-induced sighing, but left breathing otherwise intact initially. We propose that these overlapping peptidergic pathways comprise the core of a sigh control circuit that integrates physiological and perhaps emotional input to transform normal breaths into sighs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Peng -- Janczewski, Wiktor A -- Yackle, Kevin -- Kam, Kaiwen -- Pagliardini, Silvia -- Krasnow, Mark A -- Feldman, Jack L -- HL40959/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70029/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS72211/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL040959/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070029/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072211/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):293-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16964. Epub 2016 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26855425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bombesin/pharmacology ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurokinin B/*analogs & derivatives/deficiency/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Bombesin/*metabolism ; *Respiration/drug effects ; Respiratory Center/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 107
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Helen -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Awards and Prizes ; Career Mobility ; Child ; Child Care/economics/supply & distribution ; Congresses as Topic/economics ; Divorce ; Fellowships and Scholarships/economics ; Female ; Financing, Organized/economics ; Humans ; *Laboratories ; Male ; Parental Leave ; Parenting/psychology ; *Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; *Single Parent/psychology ; *Social Support ; Travel/economics ; Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology ; *Workplace
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 108
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, Alison -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):135-6. doi: 10.1038/529135a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cemeteries ; *Death ; *Exhumation ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology/methods/*trends ; Forensic Genetics/methods/*trends ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Veterans/*statistics & numerical data ; Vietnam ; War Exposure/*statistics & numerical data ; *Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 109
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-14
    Beschreibung: Neural activity maintains representations that bridge past and future events, often over many seconds. Network models can produce persistent and ramping activity, but the positive feedback that is critical for these slow dynamics can cause sensitivity to perturbations. Here we use electrophysiology and optogenetic perturbations in the mouse premotor cortex to probe the robustness of persistent neural representations during motor planning. We show that preparatory activity is remarkably robust to large-scale unilateral silencing: detailed neural dynamics that drive specific future movements were quickly and selectively restored by the network. Selectivity did not recover after bilateral silencing of the premotor cortex. Perturbations to one hemisphere are thus corrected by information from the other hemisphere. Corpus callosum bisections demonstrated that premotor cortex hemispheres can maintain preparatory activity independently. Redundancy across selectively coupled modules, as we observed in the premotor cortex, is a hallmark of robust control systems. Network models incorporating these principles show robustness that is consistent with data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Nuo -- Daie, Kayvon -- Svoboda, Karel -- Druckmann, Shaul -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):459-64. doi: 10.1038/nature17643. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Corpus Callosum/physiology ; Executive Function/*physiology ; Female ; Light ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Cortex/*cytology/*physiology/radiation effects ; Movement/*physiology/radiation effects ; Neurons/*physiology/radiation effects ; Optogenetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 110
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liang, T Jake -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):313-4. doi: 10.1038/531313a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus/*physiology ; *Host Specificity ; Humans ; Male ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 111
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-11
    Beschreibung: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest component of the autonomic nervous system, with neuron numbers surpassing those present in the spinal cord. The ENS has been called the 'second brain' given its autonomy, remarkable neurotransmitter diversity and complex cytoarchitecture. Defects in ENS development are responsible for many human disorders including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). HSCR is caused by the developmental failure of ENS progenitors to migrate into the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the distal colon. Human ENS development remains poorly understood owing to the lack of an easily accessible model system. Here we demonstrate the efficient derivation and isolation of ENS progenitors from human pluripotent stem (PS) cells, and their further differentiation into functional enteric neurons. ENS precursors derived in vitro are capable of targeted migration in the developing chick embryo and extensive colonization of the adult mouse colon. The in vivo engraftment and migration of human PS-cell-derived ENS precursors rescue disease-related mortality in HSCR mice (Ednrb(s-l/s-l)), although the mechanism of action remains unclear. Finally, EDNRB-null mutant ENS precursors enable modelling of HSCR-related migration defects, and the identification of pepstatin A as a candidate therapeutic target. Our study establishes the first, to our knowledge, human PS-cell-based platform for the study of human ENS development, and presents cell- and drug-based strategies for the treatment of HSCR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846424/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846424/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fattahi, Faranak -- Steinbeck, Julius A -- Kriks, Sonja -- Tchieu, Jason -- Zimmer, Bastian -- Kishinevsky, Sarah -- Zeltner, Nadja -- Mica, Yvonne -- El-Nachef, Wael -- Zhao, Huiyong -- de Stanchina, Elisa -- Gershon, Michael D -- Grikscheit, Tracy C -- Chen, Shuibing -- Studer, Lorenz -- DP2 DK098093-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS15547/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS015547/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16951. Epub 2016 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Pediatric Surgery, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cell Separation ; *Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods ; Chick Embryo ; Colon/drug effects/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Enteric Nervous System/*pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects/pathology ; Hirschsprung Disease/*drug therapy/*pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/*pathology ; Pepstatins/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology ; Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 112
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-11
    Beschreibung: Mammalian Wnt proteins are believed to act as short-range signals, yet have not been previously visualized in vivo. Self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation are coordinated along a putative Wnt gradient in the intestinal crypt. Wnt3 is produced specifically by Paneth cells. Here we have generated an epitope-tagged, functional Wnt3 knock-in allele. Wnt3 covers basolateral membranes of neighbouring stem cells. In intestinal organoids, Wnt3-transfer involves direct contact between Paneth cells and stem cells. Plasma membrane localization requires surface expression of Frizzled receptors, which in turn is regulated by the transmembrane E3 ligases Rnf43/Znrf3 and their antagonists Lgr4-5/R-spondin. By manipulating Wnt3 secretion and by arresting stem-cell proliferation, we demonstrate that Wnt3 mainly travels away from its source in a cell-bound manner through cell division, and not through diffusion. We conclude that stem-cell membranes constitute a reservoir for Wnt proteins, while Frizzled receptor turnover and 'plasma membrane dilution' through cell division shape the epithelial Wnt3 gradient.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farin, Henner F -- Jordens, Ingrid -- Mosa, Mohammed H -- Basak, Onur -- Korving, Jeroen -- Tauriello, Daniele V F -- de Punder, Karin -- Angers, Stephane -- Peters, Peter J -- Maurice, Madelon M -- Clevers, Hans -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):340-3. doi: 10.1038/nature16937. Epub 2016 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands. ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. ; The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging institute, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands. ; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Female ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Organoids/cytology/metabolism ; Paneth Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; *Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Wnt3 Protein/genetics/*metabolism/secretion
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 113
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-14
    Beschreibung: Circadian clocks are fundamental to the biology of most eukaryotes, coordinating behaviour and physiology to resonate with the environmental cycle of day and night through complex networks of clock-controlled genes. A fundamental knowledge gap exists, however, between circadian gene expression cycles and the biochemical mechanisms that ultimately facilitate circadian regulation of cell biology. Here we report circadian rhythms in the intracellular concentration of magnesium ions, [Mg(2+)]i, which act as a cell-autonomous timekeeping component to determine key clock properties both in a human cell line and in a unicellular alga that diverged from each other more than 1 billion years ago. Given the essential role of Mg(2+) as a cofactor for ATP, a functional consequence of [Mg(2+)]i oscillations is dynamic regulation of cellular energy expenditure over the daily cycle. Mechanistically, we find that these rhythms provide bilateral feedback linking rhythmic metabolism to clock-controlled gene expression. The global regulation of nucleotide triphosphate turnover by intracellular Mg(2+) availability has potential to impact upon many of the cell's more than 600 MgATP-dependent enzymes and every cellular system where MgNTP hydrolysis becomes rate limiting. Indeed, we find that circadian control of translation by mTOR is regulated through [Mg(2+)]i oscillations. It will now be important to identify which additional biological processes are subject to this form of regulation in tissues of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans, in the context of health and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feeney, Kevin A -- Hansen, Louise L -- Putker, Marrit -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Day, Jason -- Eades, Lorna J -- Larrondo, Luis F -- Hoyle, Nathaniel P -- O'Neill, John S -- van Ooijen, Gerben -- 093734/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1201/4/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):375-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17407. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chlorophyta/cytology/metabolism ; Circadian Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 114
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: Microglia are damage sensors for the central nervous system (CNS), and the phagocytes responsible for routine non-inflammatory clearance of dead brain cells. Here we show that the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Mer and Axl regulate these microglial functions. We find that adult mice deficient in microglial Mer and Axl exhibit a marked accumulation of apoptotic cells specifically in neurogenic regions of the CNS, and that microglial phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells generated during adult neurogenesis is normally driven by both TAM receptor ligands Gas6 and protein S. Using live two-photon imaging, we demonstrate that the microglial response to brain damage is also TAM-regulated, as TAM-deficient microglia display reduced process motility and delayed convergence to sites of injury. Finally, we show that microglial expression of Axl is prominently upregulated in the inflammatory environment that develops in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Together, these results establish TAM receptors as both controllers of microglial physiology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention in CNS disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fourgeaud, Lawrence -- Traves, Paqui G -- Tufail, Yusuf -- Leal-Bailey, Humberto -- Lew, Erin D -- Burrola, Patrick G -- Callaway, Perri -- Zagorska, Anna -- Rothlin, Carla V -- Nimmerjahn, Axel -- Lemke, Greg -- DP2 NS083038/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP2 NS083038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI089824/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101400/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085938/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):240-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17630. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain. ; Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Joint Master in Neuroscience Program, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67081, France. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain/blood supply/cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Brain Injuries/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Neurogenesis ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Protein S/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 115
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-26
    Beschreibung: Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) has crucial roles in transcriptional regulation and microRNA processing. Mutations in the MECP2 gene are found in 90% of patients with Rett syndrome, a severe developmental disorder with autistic phenotypes. Duplications of MECP2-containing genomic segments cause the MECP2 duplication syndrome, which shares core symptoms with autism spectrum disorders. Although Mecp2-null mice recapitulate most developmental and behavioural defects seen in patients with Rett syndrome, it has been difficult to identify autism-like behaviours in the mouse model of MeCP2 overexpression. Here we report that lentivirus-based transgenic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) expressing human MeCP2 in the brain exhibit autism-like behaviours and show germline transmission of the transgene. Expression of the MECP2 transgene was confirmed by western blotting and immunostaining of brain tissues of transgenic monkeys. Genomic integration sites of the transgenes were characterized by a deep-sequencing-based method. As compared to wild-type monkeys, MECP2 transgenic monkeys exhibited a higher frequency of repetitive circular locomotion and increased stress responses, as measured by the threat-related anxiety and defensive test. The transgenic monkeys showed less interaction with wild-type monkeys within the same group, and also a reduced interaction time when paired with other transgenic monkeys in social interaction tests. The cognitive functions of the transgenic monkeys were largely normal in the Wisconsin general test apparatus, although some showed signs of stereotypic cognitive behaviours. Notably, we succeeded in generating five F1 offspring of MECP2 transgenic monkeys by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with sperm from one F0 transgenic monkey, showing germline transmission and Mendelian segregation of several MECP2 transgenes in the F1 progeny. Moreover, F1 transgenic monkeys also showed reduced social interactions when tested in pairs, as compared to wild-type monkeys of similar age. Together, these results indicate the feasibility and reliability of using genetically engineered non-human primates to study brain disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Zhen -- Li, Xiao -- Zhang, Jun-Tao -- Cai, Yi-Jun -- Cheng, Tian-Lin -- Cheng, Cheng -- Wang, Yan -- Zhang, Chen-Chen -- Nie, Yan-Hong -- Chen, Zhi-Fang -- Bian, Wen-Jie -- Zhang, Ling -- Xiao, Jianqiu -- Lu, Bin -- Zhang, Yue-Fang -- Zhang, Xiao-Di -- Sang, Xiao -- Wu, Jia-Jia -- Xu, Xiu -- Xiong, Zhi-Qi -- Zhang, Feng -- Yu, Xiang -- Gong, Neng -- Zhou, Wen-Hao -- Sun, Qiang -- Qiu, Zilong -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature16533. Epub 2016 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. ; Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. ; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26808898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anxiety/genetics/psychology ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology/*psychology ; Brain/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Heredity/*genetics ; Humans ; Locomotion/genetics/physiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Social Behavior ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Transgenes/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 116
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-10
    Beschreibung: Deception is common in nature and humans are no exception. Modern societies have created institutions to control cheating, but many situations remain where only intrinsic honesty keeps people from cheating and violating rules. Psychological, sociological and economic theories suggest causal pathways to explain how the prevalence of rule violations in people's social environment, such as corruption, tax evasion or political fraud, can compromise individual intrinsic honesty. Here we present cross-societal experiments from 23 countries around the world that demonstrate a robust link between the prevalence of rule violations and intrinsic honesty. We developed an index of the 'prevalence of rule violations' (PRV) based on country-level data from the year 2003 of corruption, tax evasion and fraudulent politics. We measured intrinsic honesty in an anonymous die-rolling experiment. We conducted the experiments with 2,568 young participants (students) who, due to their young age in 2003, could not have influenced PRV in 2003. We find individual intrinsic honesty is stronger in the subject pools of low PRV countries than those of high PRV countries. The details of lying patterns support psychological theories of honesty. The results are consistent with theories of the cultural co-evolution of institutions and values, and show that weak institutions and cultural legacies that generate rule violations not only have direct adverse economic consequences, but might also impair individual intrinsic honesty that is crucial for the smooth functioning of society.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817241/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817241/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gachter, Simon -- Schulz, Jonathan F -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):496-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17160. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. ; CESifo, Schackstrasse 4, 80539 Munich, Germany. ; IZA, Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse 5-9, 53113 Bonn, Germany. ; Yale University, 1 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cultural Evolution ; *Deception ; Female ; Fraud/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Politics ; *Societies/economics ; Students/*psychology ; Taxes/statistics & numerical data ; *Virtues ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 117
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-29
    Beschreibung: Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Wei -- Emaminejad, Sam -- Nyein, Hnin Yin Yin -- Challa, Samyuktha -- Chen, Kevin -- Peck, Austin -- Fahad, Hossain M -- Ota, Hiroki -- Shiraki, Hiroshi -- Kiriya, Daisuke -- Lien, Der-Hsien -- Brooks, George A -- Davis, Ronald W -- Javey, Ali -- P01 HG000205/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):509-14. doi: 10.1038/nature16521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA. ; Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bicycling/physiology ; Body Water ; Calibration ; Electrolytes/analysis ; Female ; Glucose/analysis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/analysis ; Male ; Monitoring, Physiologic/*instrumentation/*methods ; Precision Medicine/instrumentation/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Running/physiology ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Sweat/*chemistry ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 118
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-21
    Beschreibung: Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 have a pivotal role in maintaining immunological self-tolerance; yet, excessive Treg cell activities suppress anti-tumour immune responses. Compared to the resting Treg (rTreg) cell phenotype in secondary lymphoid organs, Treg cells in non-lymphoid tissues exhibit an activated Treg (aTreg) cell phenotype. However, the function of aTreg cells and whether their generation can be manipulated are largely unexplored. Here we show that the transcription factor Foxo1, previously demonstrated to promote Treg cell suppression of lymphoproliferative diseases, has an unexpected function in inhibiting aTreg-cell-mediated immune tolerance in mice. We find that aTreg cells turned over at a slower rate than rTreg cells, but were not locally maintained in tissues. aTreg cell differentiation was associated with repression of Foxo1-dependent gene transcription, concomitant with reduced Foxo1 expression, cytoplasmic localization and enhanced phosphorylation at the Akt sites. Treg-cell-specific expression of an Akt-insensitive Foxo1 mutant prevented downregulation of lymphoid organ homing molecules, and impeded Treg cell homing to non-lymphoid organs, causing CD8(+) T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Compared to Treg cells from healthy tissues, tumour-infiltrating Treg cells downregulated Foxo1 target genes more substantially. Expression of the Foxo1 mutant at a lower dose was sufficient to deplete tumour-associated Treg cells, activate effector CD8(+) T cells, and inhibit tumour growth without inflicting autoimmunity. Thus, Foxo1 inactivation is essential for the migration of aTreg cells that have a crucial function in suppressing CD8(+) T-cell responses; and the Foxo signalling pathway in Treg cells can be titrated to break tumour immune tolerance preferentially.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Chong T -- Liao, Will -- Dadi, Saida -- Toure, Ahmed -- Li, Ming O -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI102888-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):532-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16486. Epub 2016 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Autoimmunity/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement/immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Immune Tolerance/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*immunology ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/*immunology/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 119
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-28
    Beschreibung: Despite the success of potent anti-retroviral drugs in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, little progress has been made in generating an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Although passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies can protect mice or macaques against a single high-dose challenge with HIV or simian/human (SIV/HIV) chimaeric viruses (SHIVs) respectively, the long-term efficacy of a passive antibody transfer approach for HIV-1 has not been examined. Here we show, on the basis of the relatively long-term protection conferred by hepatitis A immune globulin, the efficacy of a single injection (20 mg kg(-1)) of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (VRC01, VRC01-LS, 3BNC117, and 10-1074 (refs 9 - 12)) in blocking repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of the clade B SHIVAD8. Compared with control animals, which required two to six challenges (median = 3) for infection, a single broadly neutralizing antibody infusion prevented virus acquisition for up to 23 weekly challenges. This effect depended on antibody potency and half-life. The highest levels of plasma-neutralizing activity and, correspondingly, the longest protection were found in monkeys administered the more potent antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 (median = 13 and 12.5 weeks, respectively). VRC01, which showed lower plasma-neutralizing activity, protected for a shorter time (median = 8 weeks). The introduction of a mutation that extends antibody half-life into the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of VRC01 increased median protection from 8 to 14.5 weeks. If administered to populations at high risk of HIV-1 transmission, such an immunoprophylaxis regimen could have a major impact on virus transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gautam, Rajeev -- Nishimura, Yoshiaki -- Pegu, Amarendra -- Nason, Martha C -- Klein, Florian -- Gazumyan, Anna -- Golijanin, Jovana -- Buckler-White, Alicia -- Sadjadpour, Reza -- Wang, Keyun -- Mankoff, Zachary -- Schmidt, Stephen D -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Mascola, John R -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Martin, Malcolm A -- AI-100148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17677. Epub 2016 Apr 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany. ; AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/blood/genetics/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage/blood/genetics/immunology ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/*administration & dosage/blood/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/prevention & control/transmission ; Half-Life ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Macaca mulatta/immunology/virology ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 120
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-10
    Beschreibung: Inhibitory neurons regulate the adaptation of neural circuits to sensory experience, but the molecular mechanisms by which experience controls the connectivity between different types of inhibitory neuron to regulate cortical plasticity are largely unknown. Here we show that exposure of dark-housed mice to light induces a gene program in cortical vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing neurons that is markedly distinct from that induced in excitatory neurons and other subtypes of inhibitory neuron. We identify Igf1 as one of several activity-regulated genes that are specific to VIP neurons, and demonstrate that IGF1 functions cell-autonomously in VIP neurons to increase inhibitory synaptic input onto these neurons. Our findings further suggest that in cortical VIP neurons, experience-dependent gene transcription regulates visual acuity by activating the expression of IGF1, thus promoting the inhibition of disinhibitory neurons and affecting inhibition onto cortical pyramidal neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823817/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823817/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mardinly, A R -- Spiegel, I -- Patrizi, A -- Centofante, E -- Bazinet, J E -- Tzeng, C P -- Mandel-Brehm, C -- Harmin, D A -- Adesnik, H -- Fagiolini, M -- Greenberg, M E -- P01 NS047572/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS028829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS028829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):371-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17187. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, 205 Life Sciences Addition, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neural Pathways ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism/secretion ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 121
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-08
    Beschreibung: It has been known for more than 70 years that synaptic strength is dynamically regulated in a use-dependent manner. At synapses with a low initial release probability, closely spaced presynaptic action potentials can result in facilitation, a short-term form of enhancement in which each subsequent action potential evokes greater neurotransmitter release. Facilitation can enhance neurotransmitter release considerably and can profoundly influence information transfer across synapses, but the underlying mechanism remains a mystery. One proposed mechanism is that a specialized calcium sensor for facilitation transiently increases the probability of release, and this sensor is distinct from the fast sensors that mediate rapid neurotransmitter release. Yet such a sensor has never been identified, and its very existence has been disputed. Here we show that synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) is a calcium sensor that is required for facilitation at several central synapses. In Syt7-knockout mice, facilitation is eliminated even though the initial probability of release and the presynaptic residual calcium signals are unaltered. Expression of wild-type Syt7 in presynaptic neurons restored facilitation, whereas expression of a mutated Syt7 with a calcium-insensitive C2A domain did not. By revealing the role of Syt7 in synaptic facilitation, these results resolve a longstanding debate about a widespread form of short-term plasticity, and will enable future studies that may lead to a deeper understanding of the functional importance of facilitation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729191/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729191/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackman, Skyler L -- Turecek, Josef -- Belinsky, Justine E -- Regehr, Wade G -- NS032405/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS072030/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032405/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):88-91. doi: 10.1038/nature16507.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/secretion ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*secretion ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism/secretion ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptotagmins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 122
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-28
    Beschreibung: The bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system allows sequence-specific gene editing in many organisms and holds promise as a tool to generate models of human diseases, for example, in human pluripotent stem cells. CRISPR/Cas9 introduces targeted double-stranded breaks (DSBs) with high efficiency, which are typically repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) resulting in nonspecific insertions, deletions or other mutations (indels). DSBs may also be repaired by homology-directed repair (HDR) using a DNA repair template, such as an introduced single-stranded oligo DNA nucleotide (ssODN), allowing knock-in of specific mutations. Although CRISPR/Cas9 is used extensively to engineer gene knockouts through NHEJ, editing by HDR remains inefficient and can be corrupted by additional indels, preventing its widespread use for modelling genetic disorders through introducing disease-associated mutations. Furthermore, targeted mutational knock-in at single alleles to model diseases caused by heterozygous mutations has not been reported. Here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing framework that allows selective introduction of mono- and bi-allelic sequence changes with high efficiency and accuracy. We show that HDR accuracy is increased dramatically by incorporating silent CRISPR/Cas-blocking mutations along with pathogenic mutations, and establish a method termed 'CORRECT' for scarless genome editing. By characterizing and exploiting a stereotyped inverse relationship between a mutation's incorporation rate and its distance to the DSB, we achieve predictable control of zygosity. Homozygous introduction requires a guide RNA targeting close to the intended mutation, whereas heterozygous introduction can be accomplished by distance-dependent suboptimal mutation incorporation or by use of mixed repair templates. Using this approach, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells with heterozygous and homozygous dominant early onset Alzheimer's disease-causing mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP(Swe)) and presenilin 1 (PSEN1(M146V)) and derived cortical neurons, which displayed genotype-dependent disease-associated phenotypes. Our findings enable efficient introduction of specific sequence changes with CRISPR/Cas9, facilitating study of human disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paquet, Dominik -- Kwart, Dylan -- Chen, Antonia -- Sproul, Andrew -- Jacob, Samson -- Teo, Shaun -- Olsen, Kimberly Moore -- Gregg, Andrew -- Noggle, Scott -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- 8 UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):125-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17664. Epub 2016 Apr 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, The Rockefeller University and Sloan-Kettering Institute Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics/secretion ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/*genetics ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Cleavage ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; *Heterozygote ; *Homozygote ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Presenilins/genetics ; RNA, Guide/genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Substrate Specificity ; Templates, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 123
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: In bright light, cone-photoreceptors are active and colour vision derives from a comparison of signals in cones with different visual pigments. This comparison begins in the retina, where certain retinal ganglion cells have 'colour-opponent' visual responses-excited by light of one colour and suppressed by another colour. In dim light, rod-photoreceptors are active, but colour vision is impossible because they all use the same visual pigment. Instead, the rod signals are thought to splice into retinal circuits at various points, in synergy with the cone signals. Here we report a new circuit for colour vision that challenges these expectations. A genetically identified type of mouse retinal ganglion cell called JAMB (J-RGC), was found to have colour-opponent responses, OFF to ultraviolet (UV) light and ON to green light. Although the mouse retina contains a green-sensitive cone, the ON response instead originates in rods. Rods and cones both contribute to the response over several decades of light intensity. Remarkably, the rod signal in this circuit is antagonistic to that from cones. For rodents, this UV-green channel may play a role in social communication, as suggested by spectral measurements from the environment. In the human retina, all of the components for this circuit exist as well, and its function can explain certain experiences of colour in dim lights, such as a 'blue shift' in twilight. The discovery of this genetically defined pathway will enable new targeted studies of colour processing in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joesch, Maximilian -- Meister, Markus -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):236-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17158. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Color ; Color Perception/*physiology/radiation effects ; Color Vision/*physiology/radiation effects ; Darkness ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/*physiology/radiation effects ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism/radiation effects ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Synapses/metabolism/radiation effects ; Territoriality ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 124
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penn, Bennett H -- Cox, Jeffery S -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):321-2. doi: 10.1038/nature17882. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/*metabolism ; Male ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein/*metabolism ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 125
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: How tissue regeneration programs are triggered by injury has received limited research attention. Here we investigate the existence of enhancer regulatory elements that are activated in regenerating tissue. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that leptin b (lepb) is highly induced in regenerating hearts and fins of zebrafish. Epigenetic profiling identified a short DNA sequence element upstream and distal to lepb that acquires open chromatin marks during regeneration and enables injury-dependent expression from minimal promoters. This element could activate expression in injured neonatal mouse tissues and was divisible into tissue-specific modules sufficient for expression in regenerating zebrafish fins or hearts. Simple enhancer-effector transgenes employing lepb-linked sequences upstream of pro- or anti-regenerative factors controlled the efficacy of regeneration in zebrafish. Our findings provide evidence for 'tissue regeneration enhancer elements' (TREEs) that trigger gene expression in injury sites and can be engineered to modulate the regenerative potential of vertebrate organs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4844022/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4844022/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Junsu -- Hu, Jianxin -- Karra, Ravi -- Dickson, Amy L -- Tornini, Valerie A -- Nachtrab, Gregory -- Gemberling, Matthew -- Goldman, Joseph A -- Black, Brian L -- Poss, Kenneth D -- F32 HL120494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL116485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL089707/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074057/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL064658/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL081674/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL089707/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):201-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17644. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylation ; Animal Fins/injuries/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Heart ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Leptin/biosynthesis/genetics ; Lysine/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Organ Specificity/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Regeneration/*genetics/*physiology ; Transgenes/genetics ; Wound Healing/*genetics ; Zebrafish/*genetics/*physiology ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 126
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-13
    Beschreibung: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are arguably the most extensively characterized tissue stem cells. Since the identification of HSCs by prospective isolation, complex multi-parameter flow cytometric isolation of phenotypic subsets has facilitated studies on many aspects of HSC biology, including self-renewal, differentiation, ageing, niche, and diversity. Here we demonstrate by unbiased multi-step screening, identification of a single gene, homeobox B5 (Hoxb5, also known as Hox-2.1), with expression in the bone marrow that is limited to long-term (LT)-HSCs in mice. Using a mouse single-colour tri-mCherry reporter driven by endogenous Hoxb5 regulation, we show that only the Hoxb5(+) HSCs exhibit long-term reconstitution capacity after transplantation in primary transplant recipients and, notably, in secondary recipients. Only 7-35% of various previously defined immunophenotypic HSCs are LT-HSCs. Finally, by in situ imaging of mouse bone marrow, we show that 〉94% of LT-HSCs (Hoxb5(+)) are directly attached to VE-cadherin(+) cells, implicating the perivascular space as a near-homogenous location of LT-HSCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, James Y -- Miyanishi, Masanori -- Wang, Sean K -- Yamazaki, Satoshi -- Sinha, Rahul -- Kao, Kevin S -- Seita, Jun -- Sahoo, Debashis -- Nakauchi, Hiromitsu -- Weissman, Irving L -- F30-HL122096/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058770/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):223-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16943.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Self Renewal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Stem Cell Niche
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 127
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17
    Beschreibung: CD8(+) T cells have a central role in antitumour immunity, but their activity is suppressed in the tumour microenvironment. Reactivating the cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells is of great clinical interest in cancer immunotherapy. Here we report a new mechanism by which the antitumour response of mouse CD8(+) T cells can be potentiated by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Inhibiting cholesterol esterification in T cells by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ACAT1, a key cholesterol esterification enzyme, led to potentiated effector function and enhanced proliferation of CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells. This is due to the increase in the plasma membrane cholesterol level of CD8(+) T cells, which causes enhanced T-cell receptor clustering and signalling as well as more efficient formation of the immunological synapse. ACAT1-deficient CD8(+) T cells were better than wild-type CD8(+) T cells at controlling melanoma growth and metastasis in mice. We used the ACAT inhibitor avasimibe, which was previously tested in clinical trials for treating atherosclerosis and showed a good human safety profile, to treat melanoma in mice and observed a good antitumour effect. A combined therapy of avasimibe plus an anti-PD-1 antibody showed better efficacy than monotherapies in controlling tumour progression. ACAT1, an established target for atherosclerosis, is therefore also a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851431/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851431/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Wei -- Bai, Yibing -- Xiong, Ying -- Zhang, Jin -- Chen, Shuokai -- Zheng, Xiaojun -- Meng, Xiangbo -- Li, Lunyi -- Wang, Jing -- Xu, Chenguang -- Yan, Chengsong -- Wang, Lijuan -- Chang, Catharine C Y -- Chang, Ta-Yuan -- Zhang, Ti -- Zhou, Penghui -- Song, Bao-Liang -- Liu, Wanli -- Sun, Shao-cong -- Liu, Xiaolong -- Li, Bo-liang -- Xu, Chenqi -- HL 60306./HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL060306/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):651-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17412. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Haven 03755, USA. ; Rheumatology and Immunology Department of ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. ; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China. ; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China. ; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetates/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Esterification/drug effects ; Female ; Immunological Synapses/drug effects/immunology/metabolism ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Male ; Melanoma/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sulfonic Acids/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 128
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-05
    Beschreibung: Cancer is a disease of ageing. Clinically, aged cancer patients tend to have a poorer prognosis than young. This may be due to accumulated cellular damage, decreases in adaptive immunity, and chronic inflammation. However, the effects of the aged microenvironment on tumour progression have been largely unexplored. Since dermal fibroblasts can have profound impacts on melanoma progression, we examined whether age-related changes in dermal fibroblasts could drive melanoma metastasis and response to targeted therapy. Here we find that aged fibroblasts secrete a Wnt antagonist, sFRP2, which activates a multi-step signalling cascade in melanoma cells that results in a decrease in beta-catenin and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and ultimately the loss of a key redox effector, APE1. Loss of APE1 attenuates the response of melanoma cells to DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species, rendering the cells more resistant to targeted therapy (vemurafenib). Age-related increases in sFRP2 also augment both angiogenesis and metastasis of melanoma cells. These data provide an integrated view of how fibroblasts in the aged microenvironment contribute to tumour progression, offering new possibilities for the design of therapy for the elderly.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833579/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833579/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaur, Amanpreet -- Webster, Marie R -- Marchbank, Katie -- Behera, Reeti -- Ndoye, Abibatou -- Kugel, Curtis H 3rd -- Dang, Vanessa M -- Appleton, Jessica -- O'Connell, Michael P -- Cheng, Phil -- Valiga, Alexander A -- Morissette, Rachel -- McDonnell, Nazli B -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Kossenkov, Andrew V -- Meeth, Katrina -- Tang, Hsin-Yao -- Yin, Xiangfan -- Wood, William H 3rd -- Lehrmann, Elin -- Becker, Kevin G -- Flaherty, Keith T -- Frederick, Dennie T -- Wargo, Jennifer A -- Cooper, Zachary A -- Tetzlaff, Michael T -- Hudgens, Courtney -- Aird, Katherine M -- Zhang, Rugang -- Xu, Xiaowei -- Liu, Qin -- Bartlett, Edmund -- Karakousis, Giorgos -- Eroglu, Zeynep -- Lo, Roger S -- Chan, Matthew -- Menzies, Alexander M -- Long, Georgina V -- Johnson, Douglas B -- Sosman, Jeffrey -- Schilling, Bastian -- Schadendorf, Dirk -- Speicher, David W -- Bosenberg, Marcus -- Ribas, Antoni -- Weeraratna, Ashani T -- P01 CA 114046-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA114046/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA010815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA093372/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA174746/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA174746-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA9171-36/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):250-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17392. Epub 2016 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland. ; The National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. ; Department of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Developmental Therapeutics, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA. ; Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead 2145, Australia. ; Melanoma Institute Australia and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2000, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duesburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 45127, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27042933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aging/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Fibroblasts/secretion ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Melanoma/blood supply/*drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism/secretion ; Mice ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenotype ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Wnt1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 129
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibney, Elizabeth -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):284-5. doi: 10.1038/531284a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial Intelligence/*trends ; Child ; Diagnosis ; *Games, Recreational/psychology ; Humans ; Language ; Learning ; Male ; Smartphone/trends
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 130
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24
    Beschreibung: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn disease and type 2 diabetes. ER stress induces the unfolded protein response, which involves activation of three transmembrane receptors, ATF6, PERK and IRE1alpha. Once activated, IRE1alpha recruits TRAF2 to the ER membrane to initiate inflammatory responses via the NF-kappaB pathway. Inflammation is commonly triggered when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors or nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, detect tissue damage or microbial infection. However, it is not clear which PRRs have a major role in inducing inflammation during ER stress. Here we show that NOD1 and NOD2, two members of the NOD-like receptor family of PRRs, are important mediators of ER-stress-induced inflammation in mouse and human cells. The ER stress inducers thapsigargin and dithiothreitol trigger production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in a NOD1/2-dependent fashion. Inflammation and IL-6 production triggered by infection with Brucella abortus, which induces ER stress by injecting the type IV secretion system effector protein VceC into host cells, is TRAF2, NOD1/2 and RIP2-dependent and can be reduced by treatment with the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholate or an IRE1alpha kinase inhibitor. The association of NOD1 and NOD2 with pro-inflammatory responses induced by the IRE1alpha/TRAF2 signalling pathway provides a novel link between innate immunity and ER-stress-induced inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869892/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869892/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keestra-Gounder, A Marijke -- Byndloss, Mariana X -- Seyffert, Nubia -- Young, Briana M -- Chavez-Arroyo, Alfredo -- Tsai, April Y -- Cevallos, Stephanie A -- Winter, Maria G -- Pham, Oanh H -- Tiffany, Connor R -- de Jong, Maarten F -- Kerrinnes, Tobias -- Ravindran, Resmi -- Luciw, Paul A -- McSorley, Stephen J -- Baumler, Andreas J -- Tsolis, Renee M -- AI044170/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI076246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI076278/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI096528/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI109799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI112258/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI117303/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM056765/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI044170/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076278/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI096528/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI109799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI112258/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI117303/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM056765/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):394-7. doi: 10.1038/nature17631. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, USA. ; Center for Comparative Medicine, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Brucella abortus/immunology/pathogenicity ; Cell Line ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/pathology ; *Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Endoribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/chemically induced/*metabolism ; Interleukin-6/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein/immunology/*metabolism ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/immunology/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/metabolism ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Unfolded Protein Response/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 131
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Byron M -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):449-50. doi: 10.1038/nature17886. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Executive Function/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Movement/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 132
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-26
    Beschreibung: The RAS/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathway is frequently deregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer, often through KRAS activating mutations. A single endogenous mutant Kras allele is sufficient to promote lung tumour formation in mice but malignant progression requires additional genetic alterations. We recently showed that advanced lung tumours from Kras(G12D/+);p53-null mice frequently exhibit Kras(G12D) allelic enrichment (Kras(G12D)/Kras(wild-type) 〉 1) (ref. 7), implying that mutant Kras copy gains are positively selected during progression. Here we show, through a comprehensive analysis of mutant Kras homozygous and heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts and lung cancer cells, that these genotypes are phenotypically distinct. In particular, Kras(G12D/G12D) cells exhibit a glycolytic switch coupled to increased channelling of glucose-derived metabolites into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced glutathione-mediated detoxification. This metabolic rewiring is recapitulated in mutant KRAS homozygous non-small-cell lung cancer cells and in vivo, in spontaneous advanced murine lung tumours (which display a high frequency of Kras(G12D) copy gain), but not in the corresponding early tumours (Kras(G12D) heterozygous). Finally, we demonstrate that mutant Kras copy gain creates unique metabolic dependences that can be exploited to selectively target these aggressive mutant Kras tumours. Our data demonstrate that mutant Kras lung tumours are not a single disease but rather a heterogeneous group comprising two classes of tumours with distinct metabolic profiles, prognosis and therapeutic susceptibility, which can be discriminated on the basis of their relative mutant allelic content. We also provide the first, to our knowledge, in vivo evidence of metabolic rewiring during lung cancer malignant progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Emma M -- Gaude, Edoardo -- Turrell, Frances K -- Frezza, Christian -- Martins, Carla P -- MC_UU_12022/4/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12022/6/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):110-3. doi: 10.1038/nature16967. Epub 2016 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Citric Acid Cycle ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, ras/*genetics ; Genotype ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glutathione/biosynthesis/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation/*genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; Prognosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 133
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-31
    Beschreibung: Brown and beige adipose tissues can dissipate chemical energy as heat through thermogenic respiration, which requires uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Thermogenesis from these adipocytes can combat obesity and diabetes, encouraging investigation of factors that control UCP1-dependent respiration in vivo. Here we show that acutely activated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is defined by a substantial increase in levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Remarkably, this process supports in vivo thermogenesis, as pharmacological depletion of mitochondrial ROS results in hypothermia upon cold exposure, and inhibits UCP1-dependent increases in whole-body energy expenditure. We further establish that thermogenic ROS alter the redox status of cysteine thiols in brown adipose tissue to drive increased respiration, and that Cys253 of UCP1 is a key target. UCP1 Cys253 is sulfenylated during thermogenesis, while mutation of this site desensitizes the purine-nucleotide-inhibited state of the carrier to adrenergic activation and uncoupling. These studies identify mitochondrial ROS induction in brown adipose tissue as a mechanism that supports UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure, which opens the way to improved therapeutic strategies for combating metabolic disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chouchani, Edward T -- Kazak, Lawrence -- Jedrychowski, Mark P -- Lu, Gina Z -- Erickson, Brian K -- Szpyt, John -- Pierce, Kerry A -- Laznik-Bogoslavski, Dina -- Vetrivelan, Ramalingam -- Clish, Clary B -- Robinson, Alan J -- Gygi, Steve P -- Spiegelman, Bruce M -- DK31405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):112-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17399. Epub 2016 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue, Brown/chemistry/cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Respiration ; Cysteine/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism ; *Thermogenesis/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 134
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24
    Beschreibung: A marked bias towards risk aversion has been observed in nearly every species tested. A minority of individuals, however, instead seem to prefer risk (repeatedly choosing uncertain large rewards over certain but smaller rewards), and even risk-averse individuals sometimes opt for riskier alternatives. It is not known how neural activity underlies such important shifts in decision-making--either as a stable trait across individuals or at the level of variability within individuals. Here we describe a model of risk-preference in rats, in which stable individual differences, trial-by-trial choices, and responses to pharmacological agents all parallel human behaviour. By combining new genetic targeting strategies with optical recording of neural activity during behaviour in this model, we identify relevant temporally specific signals from a genetically and anatomically defined population of neurons. This activity occurred within dopamine receptor type-2 (D2R)-expressing cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), signalled unfavourable outcomes from the recent past at a time appropriate for influencing subsequent decisions, and also predicted subsequent choices made. Having uncovered this naturally occurring neural correlate of risk selection, we then mimicked the temporally specific signal with optogenetic control during decision-making and demonstrated its causal effect in driving risk-preference. Specifically, risk-preferring rats could be instantaneously converted to risk-averse rats with precisely timed phasic stimulation of NAc D2R cells. These findings suggest that individual differences in risk-preference, as well as real-time risky decision-making, can be largely explained by the encoding in D2R-expressing NAc cells of prior unfavourable outcomes during decision-making.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zalocusky, Kelly A -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Lerner, Talia N -- Davidson, Thomas J -- Knutson, Brian -- Deisseroth, Karl -- 1F31MH105151-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 1F32MH105053-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):642-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17400. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioengineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Psychological ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/*cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; Reward ; *Risk Management ; Signal Transduction ; Uncertainty
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 135
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourzac, Katherine -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):S6-8. doi: 10.1038/531S6a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Biomedical Enhancement/*methods ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Patient Safety ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Care/adverse effects ; *Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/adverse effects ; *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 136
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-31
    Beschreibung: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common inherited and sporadic vascular malformations that cause strokes and seizures in younger individuals. CCMs arise from endothelial cell loss of KRIT1, CCM2 or PDCD10, non-homologous proteins that form an adaptor complex. How disruption of the CCM complex results in disease remains controversial, with numerous signalling pathways (including Rho, SMAD and Wnt/beta-catenin) and processes such as endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) proposed to have causal roles. CCM2 binds to MEKK3 (refs 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), and we have recently shown that CCM complex regulation of MEKK3 is essential during vertebrate heart development. Here we investigate this mechanism in CCM disease pathogenesis. Using a neonatal mouse model of CCM disease, we show that expression of the MEKK3 target genes Klf2 and Klf4, as well as Rho and ADAMTS protease activity, are increased in the endothelial cells of early CCM lesions. By contrast, we find no evidence of EndMT or increased SMAD or Wnt signalling during early CCM formation. Endothelial-specific loss of Map3k3 (also known as Mekk3), Klf2 or Klf4 markedly prevents lesion formation, reverses the increase in Rho activity, and rescues lethality. Consistent with these findings in mice, we show that endothelial expression of KLF2 and KLF4 is increased in human familial and sporadic CCM lesions, and that a disease-causing human CCM2 mutation abrogates the MEKK3 interaction without affecting CCM complex formation. These studies identify gain of MEKK3 signalling and KLF2/4 function as causal mechanisms for CCM pathogenesis that may be targeted to develop new CCM therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4864035/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4864035/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zinan -- Tang, Alan T -- Wong, Weng-Yew -- Bamezai, Sharika -- Goddard, Lauren M -- Shenkar, Robert -- Zhou, Su -- Yang, Jisheng -- Wright, Alexander C -- Foley, Matthew -- Arthur, J Simon C -- Whitehead, Kevin J -- Awad, Issam A -- Li, Dean Y -- Zheng, Xiangjian -- Kahn, Mark L -- P01 HL075215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL120846/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS092521/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01NS092521/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL094326/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL-084516/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL094326/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01NS075168/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32HL07439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):122-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17178. Epub 2016 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia. ; Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Sydney Microscopy &Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia. ; Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. ; The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China. ; Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): ADAM Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/enzymology/*metabolism ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/etiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/deficiency/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3/deficiency/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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  • 137
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):127. doi: 10.1038/529127a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/*legislation & jurisprudence/psychology ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Female ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Guidelines as Topic ; Health Behavior ; Health Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Male ; *Policy Making
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 138
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ransohoff, Richard M -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):185-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17881. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroimmunology group, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Microglia/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 139
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 18;530(7590):264. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Feed/*analysis/standards ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory/genetics/microbiology ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diet/standards/veterinary ; *Environment ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Housing, Animal ; Humans ; Lighting ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Models, Animal ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Research Design/standards
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 140
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-04
    Beschreibung: Chronic opiate use induces opiate dependence, which is characterized by extremely unpleasant physical and emotional feelings after drug use is terminated. Both the rewarding effects of a drug and the desire to avoid withdrawal symptoms motivate continued drug use, and the nucleus accumbens is important for orchestrating both processes. While multiple inputs to the nucleus accumbens regulate reward, little is known about the nucleus accumbens circuitry underlying withdrawal. Here we identify the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus as a prominent input to the nucleus accumbens mediating the expression of opiate-withdrawal-induced physical signs and aversive memory. Activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to nucleus accumbens pathway is necessary and sufficient to mediate behavioural aversion. Selectively silencing this pathway abolishes aversive symptoms in two different mouse models of opiate withdrawal. Chronic morphine exposure selectively potentiates excitatory transmission between the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons via synaptic insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors. Notably, in vivo optogenetic depotentiation restores normal transmission at these synapses and robustly suppresses morphine withdrawal symptoms. This links morphine-evoked pathway- and cell-type-specific plasticity in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to nucleus accumbens circuit to opiate dependence, and suggests that reprogramming this circuit holds promise for treating opiate addiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yingjie -- Wienecke, Carl F R -- Nachtrab, Gregory -- Chen, Xiaoke -- 5T32DA035165-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA035165/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):219-22. doi: 10.1038/nature16954. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morphine/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; *Neural Pathways/drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*physiopathology/therapy ; Optogenetics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Reward ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology/therapy ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Thalamus/drug effects/pathology/*physiopathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 141
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-10
    Beschreibung: The origins of the genus Homo are murky, but by H. erectus, bigger brains and bodies had evolved that, along with larger foraging ranges, would have increased the daily energetic requirements of hominins. Yet H. erectus differs from earlier hominins in having relatively smaller teeth, reduced chewing muscles, weaker maximum bite force capabilities, and a relatively smaller gut. This paradoxical combination of increased energy demands along with decreased masticatory and digestive capacities is hypothesized to have been made possible by adding meat to the diet, by mechanically processing food using stone tools, or by cooking. Cooking, however, was apparently uncommon until 500,000 years ago, and the effects of carnivory and Palaeolithic processing techniques on mastication are unknown. Here we report experiments that tested how Lower Palaeolithic processing technologies affect chewing force production and efficacy in humans consuming meat and underground storage organs (USOs). We find that if meat comprised one-third of the diet, the number of chewing cycles per year would have declined by nearly 2 million (a 13% reduction) and total masticatory force required would have declined by 15%. Furthermore, by simply slicing meat and pounding USOs, hominins would have improved their ability to chew meat into smaller particles by 41%, reduced the number of chews per year by another 5%, and decreased masticatory force requirements by an additional 12%. Although cooking has important benefits, it appears that selection for smaller masticatory features in Homo would have been initially made possible by the combination of using stone tools and eating meat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zink, Katherine D -- Lieberman, Daniel E -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):500-3. doi: 10.1038/nature16990. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Bite Force ; Carnivory ; Diet/*history ; Female ; Food Handling/*history ; Goats ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication/*physiology ; Meat/*history ; Particle Size ; Plants ; Tool Use Behavior ; Tooth/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 142
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17
    Beschreibung: The integrated stress response (ISR) is a homeostatic mechanism by which eukaryotic cells sense and respond to stress-inducing signals, such as amino acid starvation. General controlled non-repressed (GCN2) kinase is a key orchestrator of the ISR, and modulates protein synthesis in response to amino acid starvation. Here we demonstrate in mice that GCN2 controls intestinal inflammation by suppressing inflammasome activation. Enhanced activation of ISR was observed in intestinal antigen presenting cells (APCs) and epithelial cells during amino acid starvation, or intestinal inflammation. Genetic deletion of Gcn2 (also known as Eif2ka4) in CD11c(+) APCs or intestinal epithelial cells resulted in enhanced intestinal inflammation and T helper 17 cell (TH17) responses, owing to enhanced inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-1beta production. This was caused by reduced autophagy in Gcn2(-/-) intestinal APCs and epithelial cells, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potent activator of inflammasomes. Thus, conditional ablation of Atg5 or Atg7 in intestinal APCs resulted in enhanced ROS and TH17 responses. Furthermore, in vivo blockade of ROS and IL-1beta resulted in inhibition of TH17 responses and reduced inflammation in Gcn2(-/-) mice. Importantly, acute amino acid starvation suppressed intestinal inflammation via a mechanism dependent on GCN2. These results reveal a mechanism that couples amino acid sensing with control of intestinal inflammation via GCN2.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ravindran, Rajesh -- Loebbermann, Jens -- Nakaya, Helder I -- Khan, Nooruddin -- Ma, Hualing -- Gama, Leonardo -- Machiah, Deepa K -- Lawson, Benton -- Hakimpour, Paul -- Wang, Yi-chong -- Li, Shuzhao -- Sharma, Prachi -- Kaufman, Randal J -- Martinez, Jennifer -- Pulendran, Bali -- R01 DK088227/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK103185/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI048638/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK042394/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057665/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI090023/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ZIA ES103286-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):523-7. doi: 10.1038/nature17186. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. ; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508, Brazil. ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India. ; Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. ; Virology Core, Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. ; Degenerative Disease Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop D2-01 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acids/administration & dosage/deficiency/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Autophagy ; Colitis/etiology/*metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Inflammation/etiology/*metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology ; Intestines/*metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/deficiency/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/deficiency/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 143
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):142. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Extrachromosomal Inheritance/genetics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Therapy/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; Great Britain ; Haplorhini/genetics ; Heredity/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/adverse effects/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/*methods ; Mutation/genetics ; *Patient Safety ; Sex Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 144
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Eryn -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 7;532(7597):137-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27092378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Architectural Accessibility ; *Awareness ; Career Choice ; *Disabled Persons/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Employment/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hemiptera/physiology ; Humans ; Laboratories/manpower ; Male ; *Research Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Science/education/*manpower ; *Self-Help Devices ; Social Stigma ; Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Universities/manpower ; Workplace
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 145
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-08
    Beschreibung: The conserved Piwi family of proteins and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have a central role in genomic stability, which is inextricably linked to germ-cell formation, by forming Piwi ribonucleoproteins (piRNPs) that silence transposable elements. In Drosophila melanogaster and other animals, primordial germ-cell specification in the developing embryo is driven by maternal messenger RNAs and proteins that assemble into specialized messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) localized in the germ (pole) plasm at the posterior of the oocyte. Maternal piRNPs, especially those loaded on the Piwi protein Aubergine (Aub), are transmitted to the germ plasm to initiate transposon silencing in the offspring germ line. The transport of mRNAs to the oocyte by midoogenesis is an active, microtubule-dependent process; mRNAs necessary for primordial germ-cell formation are enriched in the germ plasm at late oogenesis via a diffusion and entrapment mechanism, the molecular identity of which remains unknown. Aub is a central component of germ granule RNPs, which house mRNAs in the germ plasm, and interactions between Aub and Tudor are essential for the formation of germ granules. Here we show that Aub-loaded piRNAs use partial base-pairing characteristics of Argonaute RNPs to bind mRNAs randomly in Drosophila, acting as an adhesive trap that captures mRNAs in the germ plasm, in a Tudor-dependent manner. Notably, germ plasm mRNAs in drosophilids are generally longer and more abundant than other mRNAs, suggesting that they provide more target sites for piRNAs to promote their preferential tethering in germ granules. Thus, complexes containing Tudor, Aub piRNPs and mRNAs couple piRNA inheritance with germline specification. Our findings reveal an unexpected function for piRNP complexes in mRNA trapping that may be generally relevant to the function of animal germ granules.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795963/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795963/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vourekas, Anastassios -- Alexiou, Panagiotis -- Vrettos, Nicholas -- Maragkakis, Manolis -- Mourelatos, Zissimos -- GM072777/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072777/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):390-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17150. Epub 2016 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine; PENN Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Cytoplasm/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Diffusion ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Oocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; *RNA Transport ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Transcriptome/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 146
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruggeman, Jeroen -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):177. doi: 10.1038/532177e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; *Morals ; Punishment/*psychology ; *Religion and Psychology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 147
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wald, Chelsea -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):S14-5. doi: 10.1038/531S14a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/prevention & control/psychology ; Communication ; Female ; Friends/psychology ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology/prevention & control/therapy ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Longevity/physiology ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Primates/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Social Networking ; Thinking/physiology ; White Matter/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 148
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17
    Beschreibung: Lung metastasis is the lethal determinant in many cancers and a number of lines of evidence point to monocytes and macrophages having key roles in its development. Yet little is known about the immediate fate of incoming tumour cells as they colonize this tissue, and even less known about how they make first contact with the immune system. Primary tumours liberate circulating tumour cells (CTCs) into the blood and we have developed a stable intravital two-photon lung imaging model in mice for direct observation of the arrival of CTCs and subsequent host interaction. Here we show dynamic generation of tumour microparticles in shear flow in the capillaries within minutes of CTC entry. Rather than dispersing under flow, many of these microparticles remain attached to the lung vasculature or independently migrate along the inner walls of vessels. Using fluorescent lineage reporters and flow cytometry, we observed 'waves' of distinct myeloid cell subsets that load differentially and sequentially with this CTC-derived material. Many of these tumour-ingesting myeloid cells collectively accumulated in the lung interstitium along with the successful metastatic cells and, as previously understood, promote the development of successful metastases from surviving tumour cells. Although the numbers of these cells rise globally in the lung with metastatic exposure and ingesting myeloid cells undergo phenotypic changes associated with microparticle ingestion, a consistently sparse population of resident conventional dendritic cells, among the last cells to interact with CTCs, confer anti-metastatic protection. This work reveals that CTC fragmentation generates immune-interacting intermediates, and defines a competitive relationship between phagocyte populations for tumour loading during metastatic cell seeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Headley, Mark B -- Bins, Adriaan -- Nip, Alyssa -- Roberts, Edward W -- Looney, Mark R -- Gerard, Audrey -- Krummel, Matthew F -- P01 HL024136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA167601/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA167601/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA163123/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):513-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16985. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW512, San Francisco, California 94143-0511, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, 91105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW512, California 94143-0511, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Capillaries/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Lineage ; *Cell Movement ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/immunology ; Female ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Humans ; Lung/blood supply/cytology/*immunology/*pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology/*secondary ; Male ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Myeloid Cells/cytology ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*immunology/*pathology ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 149
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-14
    Beschreibung: Blood vessels define local microenvironments in the skeletal system, play crucial roles in osteogenesis and provide niches for haematopoietic stem cells. The properties of niche-forming vessels and their changes in the ageing organism remain incompletely understood. Here we show that Notch signalling in endothelial cells leads to the expansion of haematopoietic stem cell niches in bone, which involves increases in CD31-positive capillaries and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRbeta)-positive perivascular cells, arteriole formation and elevated levels of cellular stem cell factor. Although endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor signalling promotes some of these changes, it fails to enhance vascular niche function because of a lack of arterialization and expansion of PDGFRbeta-positive cells. In ageing mice, niche-forming vessels in the skeletal system are strongly reduced but can be restored by activation of endothelial Notch signalling. These findings indicate that vascular niches for haematopoietic stem cells are part of complex, age-dependent microenvironments involving multiple cell populations and vessel subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kusumbe, Anjali P -- Ramasamy, Saravana K -- Itkin, Tomer -- Mae, Maarja Andaloussi -- Langen, Urs H -- Betsholtz, Christer -- Lapidot, Tsvee -- Adams, Ralf H -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):380-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17638. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Munster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Munster, Germany. ; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles vag 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD31/metabolism ; Arterioles/cytology/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/*blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Capillaries/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Factor/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Niche
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 150
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-04
    Beschreibung: The DNA-binding protein PRDM9 directs positioning of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination in mice and humans. Prdm9 is the only mammalian speciation gene yet identified and is responsible for sterility phenotypes in male hybrids of certain mouse subspecies. To investigate PRDM9 binding and its role in fertility and meiotic recombination, we humanized the DNA-binding domain of PRDM9 in C57BL/6 mice. This change repositions DSB hotspots and completely restores fertility in male hybrids. Here we show that alteration of one Prdm9 allele impacts the behaviour of DSBs controlled by the other allele at chromosome-wide scales. These effects correlate strongly with the degree to which each PRDM9 variant binds both homologues at the DSB sites it controls. Furthermore, higher genome-wide levels of such 'symmetric' PRDM9 binding associate with increasing fertility measures, and comparisons of individual hotspots suggest binding symmetry plays a downstream role in the recombination process. These findings reveal that subspecies-specific degradation of PRDM9 binding sites by meiotic drive, which steadily increases asymmetric PRDM9 binding, has impacts beyond simply changing hotspot positions, and strongly support a direct involvement in hybrid infertility. Because such meiotic drive occurs across mammals, PRDM9 may play a wider, yet transient, role in the early stages of speciation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, Benjamin -- Hatton, Edouard -- Altemose, Nicolas -- Hussin, Julie G -- Pratto, Florencia -- Zhang, Gang -- Hinch, Anjali Gupta -- Moralli, Daniela -- Biggs, Daniel -- Diaz, Rebeca -- Preece, Chris -- Li, Ran -- Bitoun, Emmanuelle -- Brick, Kevin -- Green, Catherine M -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Myers, Simon R -- Donnelly, Peter -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095552/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098387/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):171-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16931. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. ; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St. Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. ; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromosome Pairing/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Female ; *Genetic Speciation ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic/*genetics ; Infertility/*genetics ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 151
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-06
    Beschreibung: The discovery of four new Xenoturbella species from deep waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean is reported here. The genus and two nominal species were described from the west coast of Sweden, but their taxonomic placement remains unstable. Limited evidence placed Xenoturbella with molluscs, but the tissues can be contaminated with prey. They were then considered deuterostomes. Further taxon sampling and analysis have grouped Xenoturbella with acoelomorphs (=Xenacoelomorpha) as sister to all other Bilateria (=Nephrozoa), or placed Xenacoelomorpha inside Deuterostomia with Ambulacraria (Hemichordata + Echinodermata). Here we describe four new species of Xenoturbella and reassess those hypotheses. A large species (〉20 cm long) was found at cold-water hydrocarbon seeps at 2,890 m depth in Monterey Canyon and at 1,722 m in the Gulf of California (Mexico). A second large species (~10 cm long) also occurred at 1,722 m in the Gulf of California. The third large species (~15 cm long) was found at ~3,700 m depth near a newly discovered carbonate-hosted hydrothermal vent in the Gulf of California. Finally, a small species (~2.5 cm long), found near a whale carcass at 631 m depth in Monterey Submarine Canyon (California), resembles the two nominal species from Sweden. Analysis of whole mitochondrial genomes places the three larger species as a sister clade to the smaller Atlantic and Pacific species. Phylogenomic analyses of transcriptomic sequences support placement of Xenacoelomorpha as sister to Nephrozoa or Protostomia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rouse, Greg W -- Wilson, Nerida G -- Carvajal, Jose I -- Vrijenhoek, Robert C -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):94-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia. ; School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ; Monterey Bay Aquarium and Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*classification/genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bayes Theorem ; California ; Female ; Genes ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Hydrothermal Vents ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Mexico ; Models, Biological ; Pacific Ocean ; *Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; Sweden ; Transcriptome/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 152
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heuckeroth, Robert O -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):44-5. doi: 10.1038/nature16877. Epub 2016 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Lineage ; *Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Enteric Nervous System/*pathology ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/*pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 153
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: Observing marine mammal (MM) populations continuously in time and space over the immense ocean areas they inhabit is challenging but essential for gathering an unambiguous record of their distribution, as well as understanding their behaviour and interaction with prey species. Here we use passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (POAWRS) in an important North Atlantic feeding ground to instantaneously detect, localize and classify MM vocalizations from diverse species over an approximately 100,000 km(2) region. More than eight species of vocal MMs are found to spatially converge on fish spawning areas containing massive densely populated herring shoals at night-time and diffuse herring distributions during daytime. We find the vocal MMs divide the enormous fish prey field into species-specific foraging areas with varying degrees of spatial overlap, maintained for at least two weeks of the herring spawning period. The recorded vocalization rates are diel (24 h)-dependent for all MM species, with some significantly more vocal at night and others more vocal during the day. The four key baleen whale species of the region: fin, humpback, blue and minke have vocalization rate trends that are highly correlated to trends in fish shoaling density and to each other over the diel cycle. These results reveal the temporospatial dynamics of combined multi-species MM foraging activities in the vicinity of an extensive fish prey field that forms a massive ecological hotspot, and would be unattainable with conventional methodologies. Understanding MM behaviour and distributions is essential for management of marine ecosystems and for accessing anthropogenic impacts on these protected marine species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Delin -- Garcia, Heriberto -- Huang, Wei -- Tran, Duong D -- Jain, Ankita D -- Yi, Dong Hoon -- Gong, Zheng -- Jech, J Michael -- Godo, Olav Rune -- Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):366-70. doi: 10.1038/nature16960. Epub 2016 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Ocean Acoustics and Ecosystem Sensing, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Laboratory for Undersea Remote Sensing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. ; Institute of Marine Research, Post Office Box 1870, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustics ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Diet/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; *Feeding Behavior ; Fishes/*physiology ; Male ; Mammals/*physiology ; *Predatory Behavior ; Time Factors ; *Vocalization, Animal ; Whales/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 154
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, Dominic P -- Jackson, Peter K -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):582-3. doi: 10.1038/nature17313. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus OX11 0RD, UK. ; Departments of Microbiology &Immunology and Pathology, and in the Baxter Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 155
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Callaway, Ewen -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):20-1. doi: 10.1038/533020a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Zoo/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/economics/*veterinary ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Kenya ; Male ; Ovum/*cytology ; *Perissodactyla/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Spermatozoa/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 156
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hollon, Nick G -- Phillips, Paul E M -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):588-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17314. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry &Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Decision Making ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/*cytology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; *Risk Management
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 157
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-24
    Beschreibung: Primary cilia are solitary, generally non-motile, hair-like protrusions that extend from the surface of cells between cell divisions. Their antenna-like structure leads naturally to the assumption that they sense the surrounding environment, the most common hypothesis being sensation of mechanical force through calcium-permeable ion channels within the cilium. This Ca(2+)-responsive mechanosensor hypothesis for primary cilia has been invoked to explain a large range of biological responses, from control of left-right axis determination in embryonic development to adult progression of polycystic kidney disease and some cancers. Here we report the complete lack of mechanically induced calcium increases in primary cilia, in tissues upon which this hypothesis has been based. We developed a transgenic mouse, Arl13b-mCherry-GECO1.2, expressing a ratiometric genetically encoded calcium indicator in all primary cilia. We then measured responses to flow in primary cilia of cultured kidney epithelial cells, kidney thick ascending tubules, crown cells of the embryonic node, kinocilia of inner ear hair cells, and several cell lines. Cilia-specific Ca(2+) influxes were not observed in physiological or even highly supraphysiological levels of fluid flow. We conclude that mechanosensation, if it originates in primary cilia, is not via calcium signalling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851444/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4851444/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delling, M -- Indzhykulian, A A -- Liu, X -- Li, Y -- Xie, T -- Corey, D P -- Clapham, D E -- 5R01 DC000304/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- P30-HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000304/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):656-60. doi: 10.1038/nature17426. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Image and Data Analysis Core (IDAC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/cytology ; Kidney/cytology ; Male ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 158
    facet.materialart.
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shrestha, Prerana -- Klann, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):450-1. doi: 10.1038/nature17312. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer Disease/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/*cytology/*physiology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Long-Term/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 159
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-28
    Beschreibung: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour, often inflicting devastating consequences on the developing child. Genomic studies have revealed four distinct molecular subgroups with divergent biology and clinical behaviour. An understanding of the regulatory circuitry governing the transcriptional landscapes of medulloblastoma subgroups, and how this relates to their respective developmental origins, is lacking. Here, using H3K27ac and BRD4 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) coupled with tissue-matched DNA methylation and transcriptome data, we describe the active cis-regulatory landscape across 28 primary medulloblastoma specimens. Analysis of differentially regulated enhancers and super-enhancers reinforced inter-subgroup heterogeneity and revealed novel, clinically relevant insights into medulloblastoma biology. Computational reconstruction of core regulatory circuitry identified a master set of transcription factors, validated by ChIP-seq, that is responsible for subgroup divergence, and implicates candidate cells of origin for Group 4. Our integrated analysis of enhancer elements in a large series of primary tumour samples reveals insights into cis-regulatory architecture, unrecognized dependencies, and cellular origins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Charles Y -- Erkek, Serap -- Tong, Yiai -- Yin, Linlin -- Federation, Alexander J -- Zapatka, Marc -- Haldipur, Parthiv -- Kawauchi, Daisuke -- Risch, Thomas -- Warnatz, Hans-Jorg -- Worst, Barbara C -- Ju, Bensheng -- Orr, Brent A -- Zeid, Rhamy -- Polaski, Donald R -- Segura-Wang, Maia -- Waszak, Sebastian M -- Jones, David T W -- Kool, Marcel -- Hovestadt, Volker -- Buchhalter, Ivo -- Sieber, Laura -- Johann, Pascal -- Chavez, Lukas -- Groschel, Stefan -- Ryzhova, Marina -- Korshunov, Andrey -- Chen, Wenbiao -- Chizhikov, Victor V -- Millen, Kathleen J -- Amstislavskiy, Vyacheslav -- Lehrach, Hans -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Eils, Roland -- Lichter, Peter -- Korbel, Jan O -- Pfister, Stefan M -- Bradner, James E -- Northcott, Paul A -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):57-62. doi: 10.1038/nature16546. Epub 2016 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA. ; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation &Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Translational Oncology, NCT Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 125047 Moscow, Russia. ; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department of Neuropathology University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26814967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/*pathology ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/genetics ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Medulloblastoma/*classification/genetics/*pathology ; Mice ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Zebrafish/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 160
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-17
    Beschreibung: Mutations disabling the TP53 tumour suppressor gene represent the most frequent events in human cancer and typically occur through a two-hit mechanism involving a missense mutation in one allele and a 'loss of heterozygosity' deletion encompassing the other. While TP53 missense mutations can also contribute gain-of-function activities that impact tumour progression, it remains unclear whether the deletion event, which frequently includes many genes, impacts tumorigenesis beyond TP53 loss alone. Here we show that somatic heterozygous deletion of mouse chromosome 11B3, a 4-megabase region syntenic to human 17p13.1, produces a greater effect on lymphoma and leukaemia development than Trp53 deletion. Mechanistically, the effect of 11B3 loss on tumorigenesis involves co-deleted genes such as Eif5a and Alox15b (also known as Alox8), the suppression of which cooperates with Trp53 loss to produce more aggressive disease. Our results imply that the selective advantage produced by human chromosome 17p deletion reflects the combined impact of TP53 loss and the reduced dosage of linked tumour suppressor genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836395/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836395/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yu -- Chen, Chong -- Xu, Zhengmin -- Scuoppo, Claudio -- Rillahan, Cory D -- Gao, Jianjiong -- Spitzer, Barbara -- Bosbach, Benedikt -- Kastenhuber, Edward R -- Baslan, Timour -- Ackermann, Sarah -- Cheng, Lihua -- Wang, Qingguo -- Niu, Ting -- Schultz, Nikolaus -- Levine, Ross L -- Mills, Alea A -- Lowe, Scott W -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA190261/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):471-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17157. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China. ; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Human Oncology &Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Hematology &Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genes, p53/*genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoma/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology ; Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion/*genetics ; Synteny/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*deficiency
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 161
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15
    Beschreibung: The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that have fundamental roles in many aspects of human biology, including immune function and metabolism. The reduced diversity of the gut microbiota in Western populations compared to that in populations living traditional lifestyles presents the question of which factors have driven microbiota change during modernization. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) found in dietary fibre have a crucial involvement in shaping this microbial ecosystem, and are notably reduced in the Western diet (high in fat and simple carbohydrates, low in fibre) compared with a more traditional diet. Here we show that changes in the microbiota of mice consuming a low-MAC diet and harbouring a human microbiota are largely reversible within a single generation. However, over several generations, a low-MAC diet results in a progressive loss of diversity, which is not recoverable after the reintroduction of dietary MACs. To restore the microbiota to its original state requires the administration of missing taxa in combination with dietary MAC consumption. Our data illustrate that taxa driven to low abundance when dietary MACs are scarce are inefficiently transferred to the next generation, and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population. As more diseases are linked to the Western microbiota and the microbiota is targeted therapeutically, microbiota reprogramming may need to involve strategies that incorporate dietary MACs as well as taxa not currently present in the Western gut.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonnenburg, Erica D -- Smits, Samuel A -- Tikhonov, Mikhail -- Higginbottom, Steven K -- Wingreen, Ned S -- Sonnenburg, Justin L -- R01-DK085025/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):212-5. doi: 10.1038/nature16504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Bacteroidetes/drug effects ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Female ; Fermentation/drug effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Pedigree
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 162
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Apra, Caroline -- Bourdillon, Pierre -- Leveque, Marc -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):160. doi: 10.1038/530160a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Brain/*surgery ; Crowdsourcing/*economics/*history ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; France ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Neuronavigation/economics/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 163
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-21
    Beschreibung: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which sustain production of all blood cell lineages, rely on glycolysis for ATP production, yet little attention has been paid to the role of mitochondria. Here we show in mice that the short isoform of a critical regulator of HSCs, Prdm16 (refs 4, 5), induces mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and in tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression and deletion studies, including single-cell transplantation assays, revealed that Mfn2 is specifically required for the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential, but not, or less so, for the maintenance of myeloid-dominant HSCs. Mfn2 increased buffering of intracellular Ca(2+), an effect mediated through its endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering activity, thereby negatively regulating nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (Nfat). Nfat inhibition rescued the effects of Mfn2 deletion in HSCs, demonstrating that negative regulation of Nfat is the prime downstream mechanism of Mfn2 in the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential. Mitochondria therefore have an important role in HSCs. These findings provide a mechanism underlying clonal heterogeneity among HSCs and may lead to the design of approaches to bias HSC differentiation into desired lineages after transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luchsinger, Larry L -- de Almeida, Mariana Justino -- Corrigan, David J -- Mumau, Melanie -- Snoeck, Hans-Willem -- 1S10OD020056-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- 1S10RR027050-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA196045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG029262/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA167286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 28;529(7587):528-31. doi: 10.1038/nature16500. Epub 2016 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Myeloid Cells/cytology ; NFATC Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 164
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Chi -- Puigserver, Pere -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):42-3. doi: 10.1038/531042a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and in the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/*pathology ; Diet, High-Fat/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/*pathology ; Male ; Stem Cells/*drug effects/*pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 165
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-08
    Beschreibung: During ageing, muscle stem-cell regenerative function declines. At advanced geriatric age, this decline is maximal owing to transition from a normal quiescence into an irreversible senescence state. How satellite cells maintain quiescence and avoid senescence until advanced age remains unknown. Here we report that basal autophagy is essential to maintain the stem-cell quiescent state in mice. Failure of autophagy in physiologically aged satellite cells or genetic impairment of autophagy in young cells causes entry into senescence by loss of proteostasis, increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, resulting in a decline in the function and number of satellite cells. Re-establishment of autophagy reverses senescence and restores regenerative functions in geriatric satellite cells. As autophagy also declines in human geriatric satellite cells, our findings reveal autophagy to be a decisive stem-cell-fate regulator, with implications for fostering muscle regeneration in sarcopenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Prat, Laura -- Martinez-Vicente, Marta -- Perdiguero, Eusebio -- Ortet, Laura -- Rodriguez-Ubreva, Javier -- Rebollo, Elena -- Ruiz-Bonilla, Vanessa -- Gutarra, Susana -- Ballestar, Esteban -- Serrano, Antonio L -- Sandri, Marco -- Munoz-Canoves, Pura -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):37-42. doi: 10.1038/nature16187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-CIBERNED, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. ; Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain. ; Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Unit, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. ; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy. ; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Napoli, Italy. ; ICREA, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/pathology ; Animals ; Autophagy/*physiology ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Count ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Mitochondrial Degradation ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/pathology ; Organelles/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Regeneration ; Sarcopenia/pathology/prevention & control ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/*cytology/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 166
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-05
    Beschreibung: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large proportion of the US population and is considered to be a metabolic predisposition to liver cancer. However, the role of adaptive immune responses in NAFLD-promoted HCC is largely unknown. Here we show, in mouse models and human samples, that dysregulation of lipid metabolism in NAFLD causes a selective loss of intrahepatic CD4(+) but not CD8(+) T lymphocytes, leading to accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis. We also demonstrate that CD4(+) T lymphocytes have greater mitochondrial mass than CD8(+) T lymphocytes and generate higher levels of mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Disruption of mitochondrial function by linoleic acid, a fatty acid accumulated in NAFLD, causes more oxidative damage than other free fatty acids such as palmitic acid, and mediates selective loss of intrahepatic CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In vivo blockade of ROS reversed NAFLD-induced hepatic CD4(+) T lymphocyte decrease and delayed NAFLD-promoted HCC. Our results provide an unexpected link between lipid dysregulation and impaired anti-tumour surveillance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786464/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786464/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Chi -- Kesarwala, Aparna H -- Eggert, Tobias -- Medina-Echeverz, Jose -- Kleiner, David E -- Jin, Ping -- Stroncek, David F -- Terabe, Masaki -- Kapoor, Veena -- ElGindi, Mei -- Han, Miaojun -- Thornton, Angela M -- Zhang, Haibo -- Egger, Michele -- Luo, Ji -- Felsher, Dean W -- McVicar, Daniel W -- Weber, Achim -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Greten, Tim F -- ZIA BC011345-06/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIABC011303/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):253-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16969. Epub 2016 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland. ; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA. ; Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; Institute of Virology, Technische Universitat Munchen/Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich 81675, Germany. ; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology ; *Carcinogenesis/immunology/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Choline/metabolism ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genes, myc ; Hepatocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Linoleic Acid/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/immunology/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Methionine/deficiency ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 167
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-04
    Beschreibung: Cellular senescence, a stress-induced irreversible growth arrest often characterized by expression of p16(Ink4a) (encoded by the Ink4a/Arf locus, also known as Cdkn2a) and a distinctive secretory phenotype, prevents the proliferation of preneoplastic cells and has beneficial roles in tissue remodelling during embryogenesis and wound healing. Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues and organs over time, and have been speculated to have a role in ageing. To explore the physiological relevance and consequences of naturally occurring senescent cells, here we use a previously established transgene, INK-ATTAC, to induce apoptosis in p16(Ink4a)-expressing cells of wild-type mice by injection of AP20187 twice a week starting at one year of age. We show that compared to vehicle alone, AP20187 treatment extended median lifespan in both male and female mice of two distinct genetic backgrounds. The clearance of p16(Ink4a)-positive cells delayed tumorigenesis and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without apparent side effects, including kidney, heart and fat, where clearance preserved the functionality of glomeruli, cardio-protective KATP channels and adipocytes, respectively. Thus, p16(Ink4a)-positive cells that accumulate during adulthood negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs, and their therapeutic removal may be an attractive approach to extend healthy lifespan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Darren J -- Childs, Bennett G -- Durik, Matej -- Wijers, Melinde E -- Sieben, Cynthia J -- Zhong, Jian -- Saltness, Rachel A -- Jeganathan, Karthik B -- Verzosa, Grace Casaclang -- Pezeshki, Abdulmohammad -- Khazaie, Khashayarsha -- Miller, Jordan D -- van Deursen, Jan M -- AG041122/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL111121/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG041122/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA96985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):184-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16932. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipocytes/cytology/pathology/physiology ; Aging/*pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Separation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/pathology ; Female ; *Health ; Kidney/cytology/pathology/physiology/physiopathology ; Lipodystrophy/pathology ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Organ Specificity ; Stem Cells/cytology/pathology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 168
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-16
    Beschreibung: The vertebrate brain is highly complex, but its evolutionary origin remains elusive. Because of the absence of certain developmental domains generally marked by the expression of regulatory genes, the embryonic brain of the lamprey, a jawless vertebrate, had been regarded as representing a less complex, ancestral state of the vertebrate brain. Specifically, the absence of a Hedgehog- and Nkx2.1-positive domain in the lamprey subpallium was thought to be similar to mouse mutants in which the suppression of Nkx2-1 leads to a loss of the medial ganglionic eminence. Here we show that the brain of the inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri), another cyclostome group, develops domains equivalent to the medial ganglionic eminence and rhombic lip, resembling the gnathostome brain. Moreover, further investigation of lamprey larvae revealed that these domains are also present, ruling out the possibility of convergent evolution between hagfish and gnathostomes. Thus, brain regionalization as seen in crown gnathostomes is not an evolutionary innovation of this group, but dates back to the latest vertebrate ancestor before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugahara, Fumiaki -- Pascual-Anaya, Juan -- Oisi, Yasuhiro -- Kuraku, Shigehiro -- Aota, Shin-ichi -- Adachi, Noritaka -- Takagi, Wataru -- Hirai, Tamami -- Sato, Noboru -- Murakami, Yasunori -- Kuratani, Shigeru -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):97-100. doi: 10.1038/nature16518. Epub 2016 Feb 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. ; Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan. ; Development and Function of Inhibitory Neural Circuits, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA. ; Phyloinformatics Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-8510, Japan. ; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26878236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Female ; Hagfishes/*anatomy & histology/*embryology/genetics ; Humans ; Lampreys/*anatomy & histology/*embryology/genetics/growth & development ; Larva/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Synteny/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 169
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-02-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gee, Henry -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):43. doi: 10.1038/530043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*classification ; Male ; *Phylogeny
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 170
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15
    Beschreibung: Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus production, ultimately resulting in worm expulsion. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of type 2 responses remain incompletely understood. Here we show that tuft cells, a rare epithelial cell type in the steady-state intestinal epithelium, are responsible for initiating type 2 responses to parasites by a cytokine-mediated cellular relay. Tuft cells have a Th2-related gene expression signature and we demonstrate that they undergo a rapid and extensive IL-4Ralpha-dependent amplification following infection with helminth parasites, owing to direct differentiation of epithelial crypt progenitor cells. We find that the Pou2f3 gene is essential for tuft cell specification. Pou2f3(-/-) mice lack intestinal tuft cells and have defective mucosal type 2 responses to helminth infection; goblet cell hyperplasia is abrogated and worm expulsion is compromised. Notably, IL-4Ralpha signalling is sufficient to induce expansion of the tuft cell lineage, and ectopic stimulation of this signalling cascade obviates the need for tuft cells in the epithelial cell remodelling of the intestine. Moreover, tuft cells secrete IL-25, thereby regulating type 2 immune responses. Our data reveal a novel function of intestinal epithelial tuft cells and demonstrate a cellular relay required for initiating mucosal type 2 immunity to helminth infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerbe, Francois -- Sidot, Emmanuelle -- Smyth, Danielle J -- Ohmoto, Makoto -- Matsumoto, Ichiro -- Dardalhon, Valerie -- Cesses, Pierre -- Garnier, Laure -- Pouzolles, Marie -- Brulin, Benedicte -- Bruschi, Marco -- Harcus, Yvonne -- Zimmermann, Valerie S -- Taylor, Naomi -- Maizels, Rick M -- Jay, Philippe -- 106122/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- P30DC011735/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):226-30. doi: 10.1038/nature16527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, F-34094 Montpellier, France. ; INSERM, U1191, F-34094 Montpellier, France. ; Universite de Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France. ; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. ; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Institut de Genetique Moleculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR5535, F-34293 Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Goblet Cells/cytology/immunology ; Immunity, Mucosal/*immunology ; Interleukin-13/immunology ; Interleukin-17/immunology/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nippostrongylus/*immunology ; Octamer Transcription Factors/deficiency ; Parasites/*immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-4/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Stem Cells/cytology/immunology ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 171
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martens, Eric C -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):158-9. doi: 10.1038/529158a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Diet/*adverse effects ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Male
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    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 172
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-21
    Beschreibung: Defects in clearance of dying cells have been proposed to underlie the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mice lacking molecules associated with dying cell clearance develop SLE-like disease, and phagocytes from patients with SLE often display defective clearance and increased inflammatory cytokine production when exposed to dying cells in vitro. Previously, we and others described a form of noncanonical autophagy known as LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), in which phagosomes containing engulfed particles, including dying cells, recruit elements of the autophagy pathway to facilitate maturation of phagosomes and digestion of their contents. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in the Atg5 (ref. 8) and possibly Atg7 (ref. 9) genes, involved in both canonical autophagy and LAP, as markers of a predisposition for SLE. Here we describe the consequences of defective LAP in vivo. Mice lacking any of several components of the LAP pathway show increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies, glomerular immune complex deposition, and evidence of kidney damage. When dying cells are injected into LAP-deficient mice, they are engulfed but not efficiently degraded and trigger acute elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines but not anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10. Repeated injection of dying cells into LAP-deficient, but not LAP-sufficient, mice accelerated the development of SLE-like disease, including increased serum levels of autoantibodies. By contrast, mice deficient in genes required for canonical autophagy but not LAP do not display defective dying cell clearance, inflammatory cytokine production, or SLE-like disease, and, like wild-type mice, produce IL-10 in response to dying cells. Therefore, defects in LAP, rather than canonical autophagy, can cause SLE-like phenomena, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez, Jennifer -- Cunha, Larissa D -- Park, Sunmin -- Yang, Mao -- Lu, Qun -- Orchard, Robert -- Li, Quan-Zhen -- Yan, Mei -- Janke, Laura -- Guy, Cliff -- Linkermann, Andreas -- Virgin, Herbert W -- Green, Douglas R -- 1ZIAES10328601/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI040646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI40646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI109725/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ZIA ES103286-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):115-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17950. Epub 2016 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/blood ; *Autophagy/genetics ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/blood ; Inflammation/blood/genetics/*pathology ; Interleukin-10/biosynthesis ; Kidney/metabolism/pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood/genetics/*immunology/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Phagocytes/cytology/physiology ; Phagosomes/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 173
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-09
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 174
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-11
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 175
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-23
    Beschreibung: The current outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa is unprecedented, causing more cases and fatalities than all previous outbreaks combined, and has yet to be controlled. Several post-exposure interventions have been employed under compassionate use to treat patients repatriated to Europe and the United States. However, the in vivo efficacy of these interventions against the new outbreak strain of Ebola virus is unknown. Here we show that lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) rapidly adapted to target the Makona outbreak strain of Ebola virus are able to protect 100% of rhesus monkeys against lethal challenge when treatment was initiated at 3 days after exposure while animals were viraemic and clinically ill. Although all infected animals showed evidence of advanced disease including abnormal haematology, blood chemistry and coagulopathy, siRNA-treated animals had milder clinical features and fully recovered, while the untreated control animals succumbed to the disease. These results represent the first, to our knowledge, successful demonstration of therapeutic anti-Ebola virus efficacy against the new outbreak strain in nonhuman primates and highlight the rapid development of lipid-nanoparticle-delivered siRNA as a countermeasure against this highly lethal human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thi, Emily P -- Mire, Chad E -- Lee, Amy C H -- Geisbert, Joan B -- Zhou, Joy Z -- Agans, Krystle N -- Snead, Nicholas M -- Deer, Daniel J -- Barnard, Trisha R -- Fenton, Karla A -- MacLachlan, Ian -- Geisbert, Thomas W -- U19 AI109711/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI109711/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):362-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14442. Epub 2015 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia V5J 5J8, Canada. ; 1] Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25901685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ebolavirus/classification/*drug effects/*genetics ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/pathology/prevention & control/*therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/virology ; Male ; Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage ; RNA, Small Interfering/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Survival Analysis ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 176
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, Anna -- Diederichs, Sven -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):170-1. doi: 10.1038/521170a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RNA Biology and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, and at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone Deacetylases/*metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 177
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):436-7. doi: 10.1038/525436a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*growth & development ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning ; Learning Disorders/*therapy ; Male ; Mathematics ; Risk Assessment ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 178
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):22-5. doi: 10.1038/527022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Attention Deficit Disorder with ; Hyperactivity/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain/blood supply/*growth & development/*physiology ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior/*physiology/*psychology ; *Laboratories ; London ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mirror Neurons ; Neuroimaging ; Personality ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 179
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 23;523(7561):414-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14634. Epub 2015 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Bees/*genetics ; Female ; *Heterozygote ; Male ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; *Mutation Rate ; Oryza/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 180
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broadfoot, Marla -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):275. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26289186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Data Collection ; Female ; Homophobia/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Laboratories/*manpower ; Male ; Research Personnel/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Science/*manpower ; Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 181
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brody, Herb -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S117. doi: 10.1038/528S117a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cancer Vaccines/economics/therapeutic use ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; Tissue Extracts/immunology/therapeutic use
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    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 182
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-21
    Beschreibung: The regulated release of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Both peptides bind with high affinity to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R); existing data show that alpha-MSH is an agonist that couples the receptor to the Galphas signalling pathway, while AgRP binds competitively to block alpha-MSH binding and blocks the constitutive activity mediated by the ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Here we show that, in mice, regulation of firing activity of neurons from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) by alpha-MSH and AgRP can be mediated independently of Galphas signalling by ligand-induced coupling of MC4R to closure of inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir7.1. Furthermore, AgRP is a biased agonist that hyperpolarizes neurons by binding to MC4R and opening Kir7.1, independently of its inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. Consequently, Kir7.1 signalling appears to be central to melanocortin-mediated regulation of energy homeostasis within the PVN. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghamari-Langroudi, Masoud -- Digby, Gregory J -- Sebag, Julien A -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Palomino, Rafael -- Matthews, Robert -- Gillyard, Taneisha -- Panaro, Brandon L -- Tough, Iain R -- Cox, Helen M -- Denton, Jerod S -- Cone, Roger D -- 5R01 DK082884-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F31 DK102343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14051. Epub 2015 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA. ; King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*cytology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 183
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-25
    Beschreibung: Wing polyphenism is an evolutionarily successful feature found in a wide range of insects. Long-winged morphs can fly, which allows them to escape adverse habitats and track changing resources, whereas short-winged morphs are flightless, but usually possess higher fecundity than the winged morphs. Studies on aphids, crickets and planthoppers have revealed that alternative wing morphs develop in response to various environmental cues, and that the response to these cues may be mediated by developmental hormones, although research in this area has yielded equivocal and conflicting results about exactly which hormones are involved. As it stands, the molecular mechanism underlying wing morph determination in insects has remained elusive. Here we show that two insulin receptors in the migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, InR1 and InR2, have opposing roles in controlling long wing versus short wing development by regulating the activity of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo. InR1, acting via the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling cascade, leads to the long-winged morph if active and the short-winged morph if inactive. InR2, by contrast, functions as a negative regulator of the InR1-PI(3)K-Akt pathway: suppression of InR2 results in development of the long-winged morph. The brain-secreted ligand Ilp3 triggers development of long-winged morphs. Our findings provide the first evidence of a molecular basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in insects, and they are also the first demonstration--to our knowledge--of binary control over alternative developmental outcomes, and thus deepen our understanding of the development and evolution of phenotypic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Hai-Jun -- Xue, Jian -- Lu, Bo -- Zhang, Xue-Chao -- Zhuo, Ji-Chong -- He, Shu-Fang -- Ma, Xiao-Fang -- Jiang, Ya-Qin -- Fan, Hai-Wei -- Xu, Ji-Yu -- Ye, Yu-Xuan -- Pan, Peng-Lu -- Li, Qiao -- Bao, Yan-Yuan -- Nijhout, H Frederik -- Zhang, Chuan-Xi -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):464-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14286. Epub 2015 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/deficiency/metabolism ; Hemiptera/*anatomy & histology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/deficiency/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/enzymology/*growth & development/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 184
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaret, Kenneth S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):165-6. doi: 10.1038/nature15201. Epub 2015 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axin Protein/*metabolism ; *Diploidy ; Female ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Liver/*cytology ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 185
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-01
    Beschreibung: Intracellular energy distribution has attracted much interest and has been proposed to occur in skeletal muscle via metabolite-facilitated diffusion; however, genetic evidence suggests that facilitated diffusion is not critical for normal function. We hypothesized that mitochondrial structure minimizes metabolite diffusion distances in skeletal muscle. Here we demonstrate a mitochondrial reticulum providing a conductive pathway for energy distribution, in the form of the proton-motive force, throughout the mouse skeletal muscle cell. Within this reticulum, we find proteins associated with mitochondrial proton-motive force production preferentially in the cell periphery and proteins that use the proton-motive force for ATP production in the cell interior near contractile and transport ATPases. Furthermore, we show a rapid, coordinated depolarization of the membrane potential component of the proton-motive force throughout the cell in response to spatially controlled uncoupling of the cell interior. We propose that membrane potential conduction via the mitochondrial reticulum is the dominant pathway for skeletal muscle energy distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glancy, Brian -- Hartnell, Lisa M -- Malide, Daniela -- Yu, Zu-Xi -- Combs, Christian A -- Connelly, Patricia S -- Subramaniam, Sriram -- Balaban, Robert S -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):617-20. doi: 10.1038/nature14614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26223627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Animals ; Diffusion ; *Energy Metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/*metabolism ; Proton-Motive Force
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 186
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-07
    Beschreibung: Stem cells integrate inputs from multiple sources. Stem cell niches provide signals that promote stem cell maintenance, while differentiated daughter cells are known to provide feedback signals to regulate stem cell replication and differentiation. Recently, stem cells have been shown to regulate themselves using an autocrine mechanism. The existence of a 'stem cell niche' was first postulated by Schofield in 1978 to define local environments necessary for the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells. Since then, an increasing body of work has focused on defining stem cell niches. Yet little is known about how progenitor cell and differentiated cell numbers and proportions are maintained. In the airway epithelium, basal cells function as stem/progenitor cells that can both self-renew and produce differentiated secretory cells and ciliated cells. Secretory cells also act as transit-amplifying cells that eventually differentiate into post-mitotic ciliated cells . Here we describe a mode of cell regulation in which adult mammalian stem/progenitor cells relay a forward signal to their own progeny. Surprisingly, this forward signal is shown to be necessary for daughter cell maintenance. Using a combination of cell ablation, lineage tracing and signalling pathway modulation, we show that airway basal stem/progenitor cells continuously supply a Notch ligand to their daughter secretory cells. Without these forward signals, the secretory progenitor cell pool fails to be maintained and secretory cells execute a terminal differentiation program and convert into ciliated cells. Thus, a parent stem/progenitor cell can serve as a functional daughter cell niche.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521991/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521991/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pardo-Saganta, Ana -- Tata, Purushothama Rao -- Law, Brandon M -- Saez, Borja -- Chow, Ryan Dz-Wei -- Prabhu, Mythili -- Gridley, Thomas -- Rajagopal, Jayaraj -- 5P30HL101287-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL118185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL118185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):597-601. doi: 10.1038/nature14553. Epub 2015 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [3] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cilia/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptor, Notch2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism/secretion ; Trachea/cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 187
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-26
    Beschreibung: Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder affecting more males than females; consequently, under a multifactorial genetic hypothesis, females are affected only when they cross a higher biological threshold. We hypothesize that deleterious variants at conserved residues are enriched in severely affected patients arising from female-enriched multiplex families with severe disease, enhancing the detection of key autism genes in modest numbers of cases. Here we show the use of this strategy by identifying missense and dosage sequence variants in the gene encoding the adhesive junction-associated delta-catenin protein (CTNND2) in female-enriched multiplex families and demonstrating their loss-of-function effect by functional analyses in zebrafish embryos and cultured hippocampal neurons from wild-type and Ctnnd2 null mouse embryos. Finally, through gene expression and network analyses, we highlight a critical role for CTNND2 in neuronal development and an intimate connection to chromatin biology. Our data contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of autism and suggest that genetic analyses of phenotypic extremes, such as female-enriched multiplex families, are of innate value in multifactorial disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Turner, Tychele N -- Sharma, Kamal -- Oh, Edwin C -- Liu, Yangfan P -- Collins, Ryan L -- Sosa, Maria X -- Auer, Dallas R -- Brand, Harrison -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel -- Pihur, Vasyl -- Plona, Teri -- Pike, Kristen -- Soppet, Daniel R -- Smith, Michael W -- Cheung, Sau Wai -- Martin, Christa Lese -- State, Matthew W -- Talkowski, Michael E -- Cook, Edwin -- Huganir, Richard -- Katsanis, Nicholas -- Chakravarti, Aravinda -- 1U24MH081810/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5R25MH071584-07/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH095867/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH19961-14/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R00 MH095867/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075972/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060007/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH074090/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH074090/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):51-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14186. Epub 2015 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [3] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. ; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; 1] Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; 1] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 USA. ; 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. ; 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA. ; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE) Genetics Consortium at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Autism &Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA. ; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics/*metabolism ; Brain/embryology/*metabolism ; Catenins/*deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Net ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Zebrafish/embryology/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 188
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540):456. doi: 10.1038/518456b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25719627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analgesics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain Mapping/*methods/psychology ; Chronic Pain/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology ; Female ; Forensic Medicine/ethics/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Malingering/prevention & control ; Pain/*diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology ; Pain Measurement/ethics/*methods/psychology/standards ; Self Report
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 189
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourzac, Katherine -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S134-6. doi: 10.1038/528S134a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cancer Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/economics/methods ; Male ; Mice ; Precision Medicine/economics/methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/*therapy ; Survival Rate ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tissue Extracts/economics/immunology/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 190
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):452-3. doi: 10.1038/nature16313. Epub 2015 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms/*pathology/*secondary ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 191
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-05
    Beschreibung: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular endomembrane system, enabling protein and lipid synthesis, ion homeostasis, quality control of newly synthesized proteins and organelle communication. Constant ER turnover and modulation is needed to meet different cellular requirements and autophagy has an important role in this process. However, its underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unexplained. Here we show that members of the FAM134 reticulon protein family are ER-resident receptors that bind to autophagy modifiers LC3 and GABARAP, and facilitate ER degradation by autophagy ('ER-phagy'). Downregulation of FAM134B protein in human cells causes an expansion of the ER, while FAM134B overexpression results in ER fragmentation and lysosomal degradation. Mutant FAM134B proteins that cause sensory neuropathy in humans are unable to act as ER-phagy receptors. Consistently, disruption of Fam134b in mice causes expansion of the ER, inhibits ER turnover, sensitizes cells to stress-induced apoptotic cell death and leads to degeneration of sensory neurons. Therefore, selective ER-phagy via FAM134 proteins is indispensable for mammalian cell homeostasis and controls ER morphology and turnover in mice and humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khaminets, Aliaksandr -- Heinrich, Theresa -- Mari, Muriel -- Grumati, Paolo -- Huebner, Antje K -- Akutsu, Masato -- Liebmann, Lutz -- Stolz, Alexandra -- Nietzsche, Sandor -- Koch, Nicole -- Mauthe, Mario -- Katona, Istvan -- Qualmann, Britta -- Weis, Joachim -- Reggiori, Fulvio -- Kurth, Ingo -- Hubner, Christian A -- Dikic, Ivan -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):354-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14498. Epub 2015 Jun 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; 1] Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Groningen, Antonious Deusinglaan 1, 3713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. ; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ziegelmuhlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. ; 1] Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [2] Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [3] Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine University of Split, Mestrovicevo setaliste bb, 21 000 Split, Croatia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26040720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy/*physiology ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/chemistry/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 192
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maillard, Ivan -- Saltiel, Alan R -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):44-6. doi: 10.1038/nature15648. Epub 2015 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, the Division of Hematology/Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue/*cytology/*immunology ; Aging/*immunology ; Animals ; Insulin Resistance/*immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/*immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-17
    Beschreibung: Blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils provide immune protection against pathogens, but may also promote tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophils are generally considered to be a relatively homogeneous population, evidence for heterogeneity is emerging. Under steady-state conditions, neutrophil heterogeneity may arise from ageing and replenishment by newly released neutrophils from the bone marrow. Aged neutrophils upregulate CXCR4, a receptor allowing their clearance in the bone marrow, with feedback inhibition of neutrophil production via the IL-17/G-CSF axis, and rhythmic modulation of the haematopoietic stem-cell niche. The aged subset also expresses low levels of L-selectin. Previous studies have suggested that in vitro-aged neutrophils exhibit impaired migration and reduced pro-inflammatory properties. Here, using in vivo ageing analyses in mice, we show that neutrophil pro-inflammatory activity correlates positively with their ageing whilst in circulation. Aged neutrophils represent an overly active subset exhibiting enhanced alphaMbeta2 integrin activation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation under inflammatory conditions. Neutrophil ageing is driven by the microbiota via Toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation factor 88-mediated signalling pathways. Depletion of the microbiota significantly reduces the number of circulating aged neutrophils and dramatically improves the pathogenesis and inflammation-related organ damage in models of sickle-cell disease or endotoxin-induced septic shock. These results identify a role for the microbiota in regulating a disease-promoting neutrophil subset.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712631/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712631/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Dachuan -- Chen, Grace -- Manwani, Deepa -- Mortha, Arthur -- Xu, Chunliang -- Faith, Jeremiah J -- Burk, Robert D -- Kunisaki, Yuya -- Jang, Jung-Eun -- Scheiermann, Christoph -- Merad, Miriam -- Frenette, Paul S -- R01 CA154947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA173861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA190400/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069438/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL116340/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):528-32. doi: 10.1038/nature15367. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; The Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; The Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26374999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood/microbiology/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocytes, Abnormal/pathology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Macrophage-1 Antigen/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*cytology/*immunology ; Shock, Septic/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 194
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patel, Sachin -- Cone, Roger D -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 5;519(7541):38-40. doi: 10.1038/nature14206. Epub 2015 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cannabinoids/*pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects/*physiology ; Hypothalamus/*cytology ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*metabolism
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    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 195
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-07
    Beschreibung: Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 persists in a stable latent reservoir, primarily in resting memory CD4(+) T cells. This reservoir presents a major barrier to the cure of HIV-1 infection. To purge the reservoir, pharmacological reactivation of latent HIV-1 has been proposed and tested both in vitro and in vivo. A key remaining question is whether virus-specific immune mechanisms, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), can clear infected cells in ART-treated patients after latency is reversed. Here we show that there is a striking all or none pattern for CTL escape mutations in HIV-1 Gag epitopes. Unless ART is started early, the vast majority (〉98%) of latent viruses carry CTL escape mutations that render infected cells insensitive to CTLs directed at common epitopes. To solve this problem, we identified CTLs that could recognize epitopes from latent HIV-1 that were unmutated in every chronically infected patient tested. Upon stimulation, these CTLs eliminated target cells infected with autologous virus derived from the latent reservoir, both in vitro and in patient-derived humanized mice. The predominance of CTL-resistant viruses in the latent reservoir poses a major challenge to viral eradication. Our results demonstrate that chronically infected patients retain a broad-spectrum viral-specific CTL response and that appropriate boosting of this response may be required for the elimination of the latent reservoir.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406054/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406054/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Kai -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Rongvaux, Anthony -- Wang, Leyao -- Durand, Christine M -- Ghiaur, Gabriel -- Lai, Jun -- McHugh, Holly L -- Hao, Haiping -- Zhang, Hao -- Margolick, Joseph B -- Gurer, Cagan -- Murphy, Andrew J -- Valenzuela, David M -- Yancopoulos, George D -- Deeks, Steven G -- Strowig, Till -- Kumar, Priti -- Siliciano, Janet D -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Flavell, Richard A -- Shan, Liang -- Siliciano, Robert F -- 1U19AI096109/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI096113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL127269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI094189/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30AI094189/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043222/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051178/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI07019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007525/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096109/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):381-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14053. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; 1] Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. ; 1] Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acute Disease/therapy ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/virology ; Chronic Disease/drug therapy ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics/immunology ; Female ; Genes, Dominant/*genetics ; Genes, Viral/*genetics ; HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/immunology/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects/*genetics/growth & development/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation/*genetics ; RNA, Viral/blood ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Virus Latency/genetics/*immunology ; Virus Replication/immunology ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 196
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bull, James J -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):43-4. doi: 10.1038/523043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26135445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Sex Determination Processes/*physiology ; *Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 197
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schnorr, Stephanie L -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 26;518(7540):S14-5. doi: 10.1038/518S14a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Group on Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25715276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biodiversity ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism/microbiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Health ; Humans ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; Microbiota/*physiology ; *Population Groups ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; *Symbiosis ; Tanzania ; *Wilderness
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 198
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-20
    Beschreibung: The development of life-threatening cancer metastases at distant organs requires disseminated tumour cells' adaptation to, and co-evolution with, the drastically different microenvironments of metastatic sites. Cancer cells of common origin manifest distinct gene expression patterns after metastasizing to different organs. Clearly, the dynamic interaction between metastatic tumour cells and extrinsic signals at individual metastatic organ sites critically effects the subsequent metastatic outgrowth. Yet, it is unclear when and how disseminated tumour cells acquire the essential traits from the microenvironment of metastatic organs that prime their subsequent outgrowth. Here we show that both human and mouse tumour cells with normal expression of PTEN, an important tumour suppressor, lose PTEN expression after dissemination to the brain, but not to other organs. The PTEN level in PTEN-loss brain metastatic tumour cells is restored after leaving the brain microenvironment. This brain microenvironment-dependent, reversible PTEN messenger RNA and protein downregulation is epigenetically regulated by microRNAs from brain astrocytes. Mechanistically, astrocyte-derived exosomes mediate an intercellular transfer of PTEN-targeting microRNAs to metastatic tumour cells, while astrocyte-specific depletion of PTEN-targeting microRNAs or blockade of astrocyte exosome secretion rescues the PTEN loss and suppresses brain metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, this adaptive PTEN loss in brain metastatic tumour cells leads to an increased secretion of the chemokine CCL2, which recruits IBA1-expressing myeloid cells that reciprocally enhance the outgrowth of brain metastatic tumour cells via enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable plasticity of PTEN expression in metastatic tumour cells in response to different organ microenvironments, underpinning an essential role of co-evolution between the metastatic cells and their microenvironment during the adaptive metastatic outgrowth. Our findings signify the dynamic and reciprocal cross-talk between tumour cells and the metastatic niche; importantly, they provide new opportunities for effective anti-metastasis therapies, especially of consequence for brain metastasis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Lin -- Zhang, Siyuan -- Yao, Jun -- Lowery, Frank J -- Zhang, Qingling -- Huang, Wen-Chien -- Li, Ping -- Li, Min -- Wang, Xiao -- Zhang, Chenyu -- Wang, Hai -- Ellis, Kenneth -- Cheerathodi, Mujeeburahiman -- McCarty, Joseph H -- Palmieri, Diane -- Saunus, Jodi -- Lakhani, Sunil -- Huang, Suyun -- Sahin, Aysegul A -- Aldape, Kenneth D -- Steeg, Patricia S -- Yu, Dihua -- 5R00CA158066-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA099031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA158066/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA194697/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA112567-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA184836/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature15376. Epub 2015 Oct 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Woman's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. ; The School of Medicine and Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. ; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. ; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26479035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology/*secondary ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Chemokine CCL2/secretion ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exosomes/*genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*deficiency/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544703/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544703/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Lee, Sven J -- Holstege, Henne -- Wong, Tsz Hang -- Jakobsdottir, Johanna -- Bis, Joshua C -- Chouraki, Vincent -- van Rooij, Jeroen G J -- Grove, Megan L -- Smith, Albert V -- Amin, Najaf -- Choi, Seung-Hoan -- Beiser, Alexa S -- Garcia, Melissa E -- van IJcken, Wilfred F J -- Pijnenburg, Yolande A L -- Louwersheimer, Eva -- Brouwer, Rutger W W -- van den Hout, Mirjam C G N -- Oole, Edwin -- Eirkisdottir, Gudny -- Levy, Daniel -- Rotter, Jerome I -- Emilsson, Valur -- O'Donnell, Christopher J -- Aspelund, Thor -- Uitterlinden, Andre G -- Launer, Lenore J -- Hofman, Albert -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Psaty, Bruce M -- DeStefano, Anita L -- Scheltens, Philip -- Seshadri, Sudha -- van Swieten, John C -- Gudnason, Vilmundur -- van der Flier, Wiesje M -- Ikram, M Arfan -- van Duijn, Cornelia M -- R01 HL105756/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000124/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):E2-3. doi: 10.1038/nature14038.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. ; 1] Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands [2] Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands. ; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. ; Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland. ; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA. ; 1] National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA [2] Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. ; School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ; 1] National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. ; Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands. ; 1] National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA [2] Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA [3] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA. ; 1] Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland [2] Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ; 1] National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA [2] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; 1] Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland [2] Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ; 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands [2] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands [3] Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands. ; 1] School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [3] Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101-1448, USA. ; 1] Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands [2] Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. ; 1] Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology &Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands. ; 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands [2] Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands [3] Departments of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Phospholipase D/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-30
    Beschreibung: The Cancer Genome Atlas profiled 279 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) to provide a comprehensive landscape of somatic genomic alterations. Here we show that human-papillomavirus-associated tumours are dominated by helical domain mutations of the oncogene PIK3CA, novel alterations involving loss of TRAF3, and amplification of the cell cycle gene E2F1. Smoking-related HNSCCs demonstrate near universal loss-of-function TP53 mutations and CDKN2A inactivation with frequent copy number alterations including amplification of 3q26/28 and 11q13/22. A subgroup of oral cavity tumours with favourable clinical outcomes displayed infrequent copy number alterations in conjunction with activating mutations of HRAS or PIK3CA, coupled with inactivating mutations of CASP8, NOTCH1 and TP53. Other distinct subgroups contained loss-of-function alterations of the chromatin modifier NSD1, WNT pathway genes AJUBA and FAT1, and activation of oxidative stress factor NFE2L2, mainly in laryngeal tumours. Therapeutic candidate alterations were identified in most HNSCCs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311405/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311405/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Atlas Network -- K08 DE024774/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA097190/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA 095419/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE023685/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143799/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143835/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143843/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143848/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143867/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143882/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143883/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA144025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA180951/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000433/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- ZIA-DC-000016/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- ZIA-DC-000073/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- ZIA-DC-000074/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):576-82. doi: 10.1038/nature14129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation/genetics ; Oncogenes/genetics ; RNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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