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  • 1
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    The Holocene tufa at Daours (Somme Valley, northern France): Malacological succession and palaeohydrological implications (2012)
    Wiley
    In: Boreas
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: One of the thickest and most extensive tufa deposits in northern France occurs at Daours, about 8 km upstream of Amiens at the confluence of the River Somme and its tributary the Hallue. It covers an area of about 80 ha and reaches 10 m above the level of the present valley, probably owing to the construction of a tufa barrage, which caused periodic damming of the valley. The molluscan succession from a 4-m section through the Daours tufa provides an unusually detailed record of environmental change during the Holocene. The faunal record, supported by four radiocarbon dates, indicates that the tufa sequence at this location does not extend back to the early Holocene but began c. 7340 cal. a BP and ceased to form shortly after c.  4938 cal. a BP, consistent with the notion of a NW European ‘late Holocene tufa decline’. The molluscan record is divisible into six zones that define three aquatic phases separated by three terrestrial episodes, when the tufa surface dried out sufficiently to allow colonization by dry-ground species, including some shade-demanding elements. These events are also reflected by differences in the lithology of the tufa. The earliest aquatic phase at the base of the sequence represents the most stable and permanent water-body. The two subsequent aquatic phases appear to represent smaller, more ephemeral, water-bodies surrounded by marsh. The land snail assemblages show ecological changes within each terrestrial episode, as well as faunal differences between them. These events, which reflect changes in the local hydrology, were short-lived, each lasting for only a few hundred years. The tufa at Daours has also yielded flint artefacts and pottery, but it seems unlikely that the dynamic environmental record of the site results from anthropogenic activity.
    Print ISSN: 0300-9483
    Electronic ISSN: 1502-3885
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: A high-resolution pollen record from western Greece shows that the amplitude of millennial-scale oscillations in tree abundance during the last glacial period was subdued, with temperate tree populations surviving throughout the interval. This provides evidence for the existence of an area of relative ecological stability, reflecting the influence of continued moisture availability and varied topography. Long-term buffering of populations from climatic extremes, together with genetic isolation at such refugial sites, may have allowed lineage divergence to proceed through the Quaternary. Such ecologically stable areas may be critical not only for the long-term survival of species, but also for the emergence of new ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tzedakis, P C -- Lawson, I T -- Frogley, M R -- Hewitt, G M -- Preece, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2044-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. P.Tzedakis@geog.leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Greece ; Pollen ; Time ; *Trees/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Early Pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in northwest Europe (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-09
    Description: The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees N. Until recently, early colonization in Europe was thought to be confined to the area south of the Pyrenees and Alps. However, evidence from Pakefield (Suffolk, UK) at approximately 0.7 Myr indicated that humans occupied northern European latitudes when a Mediterranean-type climate prevailed. This provided the basis for an 'ebb and flow' model, where human populations were thought to survive in southern refugia during cold stages, only expanding northwards during fully temperate climates. Here we present new evidence from Happisburgh (Norfolk, UK) demonstrating that Early Pleistocene hominins were present in northern Europe 〉0.78 Myr ago when they were able to survive at the southern edge of the boreal zone. This has significant implications for our understanding of early human behaviour, adaptation and survival, as well as the tempo and mode of colonization after their first dispersal out of Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parfitt, Simon A -- Ashton, Nick M -- Lewis, Simon G -- Abel, Richard L -- Coope, G Russell -- Field, Mike H -- Gale, Rowena -- Hoare, Peter G -- Larkin, Nigel R -- Lewis, Mark D -- Karloukovski, Vassil -- Maher, Barbara A -- Peglar, Sylvia M -- Preece, Richard C -- Whittaker, John E -- Stringer, Chris B -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 8;466(7303):229-33. doi: 10.1038/nature09117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20613840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Archaeology ; *Climate ; Ecosystem ; Emigration and Immigration/*history ; *Environment ; Fossils ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Great Britain ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Paleontology ; Rivers ; Seasons ; Survival ; Technology/history/instrumentation ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    New interglacial deposits from Copenhagen, Denmark: marine Isotope Stage 7 (2018)
    Wiley
    In: Boreas
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: During a pre‐site survey and construction of a new metro route and station in Copenhagen, fossiliferous organic‐rich sediments were encountered. This paper reports on multidisciplinary investigations of these organic sediments, which occurred beneath a sediment succession with a lower till, glacifluvial sand and gravel, an upper till and glacifluvial sand. The organic sediments were underlain by glacifluvial sand and gravel. The organic‐rich sediments, which were up to 0.5 m thick, accumulated in a low‐energy environment, possibly an oxbow lake. They were rich in plant fossils, which included warmth‐demanding trees and other species, such as Najas minor, indicating slightly higher summer temperatures than at present. Freshwater shells were also frequent. Bithynia opercula allowed the sediments to be put into an aminostratigraphical framework. The amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios indicate that the organic sediments formed during Marine Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7), which is consistent with optically stimulated luminescence dating that gave ages of 206 and 248 ka from the underlying minerogenic deposit. The assemblages from Trianglen are similar to interglacial deposits from the former Free Port (1.4 km away) in Copenhagen, except that Corbicula and Pisidium clessini were not found at Trianglen. The presence of these bivalves at the Free Port and the ostracod Scottia tumida at Trianglen indicates a pre‐Eemian age. AAR data from archived Bithynia opercula from the Free Port were almost identical to those from Trianglen, indicating that the two sites are contemporary. We suggest the Trianglen interglacial be used as a local name for the MIS 7 interglacial deposits in Copenhagen. MIS 7 deposits have rarely been documented from the region, but MIS 7 deposits may have been mistaken for other ages. The use of AAR ratios in Bithynia opercula has a great potential for correlation of interglacial non‐marine deposits in mainland northern Europe.
    Print ISSN: 0300-9483
    Electronic ISSN: 1502-3885
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    A chronological framework for the British Quaternary based on Bithynia opercula (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-02
    Description: Marine and ice-core records show that the Earth has experienced a succession of glacials and interglacials during the Quaternary (last approximately 2.6 million years), although it is often difficult to correlate fragmentary terrestrial records with specific cycles. Aminostratigraphy is a method potentially able to link terrestrial sequences to the marine isotope stages (MIS) of the deep-sea record. We have used new methods of extraction and analysis of amino acids, preserved within the calcitic opercula of the freshwater gastropod Bithynia, to provide the most comprehensive data set for the British Pleistocene based on a single dating technique. A total of 470 opercula from 74 sites spanning the entire Quaternary are ranked in order of relative age based on the extent of protein degradation, using aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx), glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx), serine (Ser), alanine (Ala) and valine (Val). This new aminostratigraphy is consistent with the stratigraphical relationships of stratotypes, sites with independent geochronology, biostratigraphy and terrace stratigraphy. The method corroborates the existence of four interglacial stages between the Anglian (MIS 12) and the Holocene in the terrestrial succession. It establishes human occupation of Britain in most interglacial stages after MIS 15, but supports the notion of human absence during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e). Suspicions that the treeless 'optimum of the Upton Warren interstadial' at Isleworth pre-dates MIS 3 are confirmed. This new aminostratigraphy provides a robust framework against which climatic, biostratigraphical and archaeological models can be tested.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162487/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162487/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penkman, Kirsty E H -- Preece, Richard C -- Bridgland, David R -- Keen, David H -- Meijer, Tom -- Parfitt, Simon A -- White, Tom S -- Collins, Matthew J -- 076905/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GR076905MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 31;476(7361):446-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. kirsty.penkman@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21804567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; Archaeology/*methods ; *Biodiversity ; *Chronology as Topic ; *Fossils ; Fresh Water ; *Gastropoda/chemistry/classification ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Proteins/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Re-engineering the zinc fingers of PRDM9 reverses hybrid sterility in mice (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: The DNA-binding protein PRDM9 directs positioning of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination in mice and humans. Prdm9 is the only mammalian speciation gene yet identified and is responsible for sterility phenotypes in male hybrids of certain mouse subspecies. To investigate PRDM9 binding and its role in fertility and meiotic recombination, we humanized the DNA-binding domain of PRDM9 in C57BL/6 mice. This change repositions DSB hotspots and completely restores fertility in male hybrids. Here we show that alteration of one Prdm9 allele impacts the behaviour of DSBs controlled by the other allele at chromosome-wide scales. These effects correlate strongly with the degree to which each PRDM9 variant binds both homologues at the DSB sites it controls. Furthermore, higher genome-wide levels of such 'symmetric' PRDM9 binding associate with increasing fertility measures, and comparisons of individual hotspots suggest binding symmetry plays a downstream role in the recombination process. These findings reveal that subspecies-specific degradation of PRDM9 binding sites by meiotic drive, which steadily increases asymmetric PRDM9 binding, has impacts beyond simply changing hotspot positions, and strongly support a direct involvement in hybrid infertility. Because such meiotic drive occurs across mammals, PRDM9 may play a wider, yet transient, role in the early stages of speciation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, Benjamin -- Hatton, Edouard -- Altemose, Nicolas -- Hussin, Julie G -- Pratto, Florencia -- Zhang, Gang -- Hinch, Anjali Gupta -- Moralli, Daniela -- Biggs, Daniel -- Diaz, Rebeca -- Preece, Chris -- Li, Ran -- Bitoun, Emmanuelle -- Brick, Kevin -- Green, Catherine M -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Myers, Simon R -- Donnelly, Peter -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095552/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098387/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):171-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16931. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. ; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St. Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. ; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromosome Pairing/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Female ; *Genetic Speciation ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic/*genetics ; Infertility/*genetics ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Optical disassembly of cellular clusters by tunable ‘tug-of-war’ tweezers (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-09
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-7538
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain Boundary Segregation, Carbide Precipitation and Intergranular Embrittlement in Nickel-Base Alloys Type Inconel 600 and Inconel 690 (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 207-209 (Feb. 1996), p. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.207-209.453.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erosion (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 7 (1977), S. 95-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.07.080177.000523
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychophysical Interaction (1903)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 68 (1903), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN his letter on the conservation of energy (p. 31), Prof. Minchin holds that, while energy might be conserved in the physical universe acted on in some way by mind, yet neither force nor momentum would be. “They” (the causes altering the configuration of a system) “infallibly alter its total ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/068078b0
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