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  • 1
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    Observation on the sex ratio, fecundity, egg size and gonadosomatic index of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) from high brackish tropical lagoon (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24627 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:26:49 | 24627 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The 2661 specimens of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L. used for this study, were collected from high brackish lagoon in southwest Nigeria for 24 months. The size of the 2661 specimens of M. cephalus used for this study ranged from 1.7- 29.5cm standard length (total lenght 1.9 to 39.0cm). The sex ratio for M. cephalus was 1:0.53 and this showed a statistically significant (p〈0.05) dominance of the male over the females for the size range. The fecundity estimates varied from 635,568- 1,520,185 and was positively correlated to the fish and weight. Oocyte diameter averaged 409.64 ~c 40.67pm and this is indicative of an early stage of gonad maturation of the specimens in the lagoon before final spawning occurred. The GSI indicated that spawning activity occurred from December to May in the open ocean.
    Description: Includes: 28 references.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Mugil cephalus ; ASE ; Nigeria ; Lagos Lagoon ; Mature ; Spawning ; Specimen ; Male ; Female ; brackishwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 241-246
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  • 2
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    Study on propagation and breeding of Hamoun fish (shizothoraxzarudnyi) to one gram weight in earthen pond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25322 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:50:04 | 25322 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 (the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps. Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluchestan province ; Chahnimeh reservoirs ; Chahbahar ; Hamoun fish ; Schizothorax zarudnyi ; Breeding ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; Female ; Eggs ; Hormontrapy ; Sperm ; Ovulation ; Larvae ; Fisheries ; Earthen ponds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71
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  • 3
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    Investigation of production possibility of monosex female and sterile fish in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25147 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:41 | 25147 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Monosex ; Female ; Male ; Sterilization ; Rainbow trout ; Eggs ; Fertilized ; Sperm ; Population ; Sex ; Fish ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 58
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  • 4
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25193 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:38 | 25193 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55
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  • 5
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    Histologic study of ovarian changes during the reproductive cycle of female yellow fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25960 | 18721 | 2018-11-20 12:36:29 | 25960 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This study was done to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the ovary of Acanthopagrus latus and their changes during sexual maturation cycle from October 2011 to may 2011. 80 A. latus from Mussa Greek (North West of Persian Gulf) were captured and transferred to the laboratory. After biometry, gonads were removed, were weighted and fixed in Bouin's Fluid. Samples were dehydrated, clarified, embedded and sections were prepared. After staining with H&E these slides were studied under light microscopy. Gonadosomatic indices, macroscopic and microscopic changes in the ovary during different months were recorded. The minimum value of GSI were measured in May, (0.31 ± 0.01) while its maximum was seen in March (9.9 ± 3.1). Cyclic changes in ovarian maturity were divided into six stages, including immature, premature, mature, ripe, spawning and resting. A. latus had asynchronous spawning that was occurred from February up to March.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Histologic ; Female ; Yellowfin Seabream ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Ovarian
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 57-65
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  • 6
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    Effects of endocrine disruption by 4-nonylphenol ethoxylate on the growth performance and immune response of female and male immature koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26001 | 18721 | 2018-10-19 18:22:44 | 26001 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able tomodulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of 4-NP and 17-β - estradiol (E2) on the immune parameters (IgM levels and lysozyme activity) of the teleost Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) for a better understanding of the immunereproductive system interactions. The experimental fishes were injected with ascending doses (10, 50,100 μgg^-1 body weight) of 4- nonylphenol (4-NP) and (2 μgg^-1 body mass) of 17-β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle during 3 weeks. After 21 days, the fishes (180) were anesthetizedand their blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and then they were dissected and sexually separated by gonad characters. The measurement of immune parameters in plasma showed that 4-NP induced significant increase in the IgM levels and lysozyme activity at dose of 50 μgg^-1 while the levels of these parameters in the higher doses (100 μgg^-1) decreased compared with the control group (p〈0.05). In addition the treatment, with 2 μgg^-1 E2 significantly decreased both the IgM levels and lysozyme activity after 21 days of injection. These results indicated that 4-NP and E2 could lead to disturb the balance of immune system with potential consequences for immature koi carp.
    Keywords: Biology ; Pollution ; Iran ; 4-nonylphenol ; 17-β-estradiol ; Immune-reproductivesystem ; Immunoglobulin IgM ; Lysozyme ; Koi carp ; Cyprinus carpio carpio ; Disruption ; Growth performance ; Female ; Male
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 725-744
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  • 7
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    Broodstock management, reproduction, cryopreservation in salmonid, genetic management and selective breeding in responsible aquaculture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25651 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:48:20 | 25651 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of broodstock management in salmonid fish and cryopreservation, selective breeding and sex reversal in hatchery to attain responsible aquaculture development. Cryopreservation includes of sperm and egg in term of economic is important in aquaculture. In this report mentioned the type and name of material. All female and sex reversal fish are produced by steroid hormone which mentioned in this report. Selective breeding include individual selection and family selection which could be used for genetic improvement of fish.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Management ; Iran ; Broodstock ; Reproduction ; Cryopreservation ; Genetic ; Breeding ; Aquaculture ; Salmonid fish ; Sex reversal ; Hatchery ; Sperm ; Egg ; Female ; Steroid hormones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 46
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  • 8
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    A survey on plankto an investigation on ecology of mudskippers in Hormuzgan coastal areas communities in Bandar Abbas coastal area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25836 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:31:51 | 25836 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The most important habitats of mudskippers are muddy areas in tidal zone of tropical mangrove forests. Mudskippers are related to Oxudercinae subfamily of Gobiid fishes. Three most distributed species of Hormozgan mudskippers were Periophthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumieri and Scartelaos tenuis. These fishes can be considered as euryhaline and eurythermal aquatic species, because they can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature. A research was done since september 2008 to september 2009 in two important mangrove regions of Hormuzgan (Tyab and Khamir) to determine some ecological characteristics of inhabited mudskipper species. Results showed that nitrate levels are significantly different between tidal lines and seasons (P〈0.05). Maximum nitrite concentrations were recorded 53.2 and 92.5 µg/l in Khamir and Tyab respectively. The annual correlation matrix showed that a positive correlation between phosphate concentration and nitrite and silicate (P〈0.05). Silicate concentration was very high, because of too low density of diatoms and radiolarians. Some species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and larvae of crustacea and echinoderms were observed with different density and diversity. Sediment composition of the studied areas were categorized in three classes (clay, sand and clay - sand). Polychaetes formed dominant group of benthic fauna in Tyab and Khamir areas. High density of capitellid worms was possibly related to some environmntal stress caused by activity of fishing and cargo vessels. It was not observed significant difference between fishes length in two areas (P〈0.05); Mean lengths of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 9.85, 14.7 and 11.5 cm respectively. Spawning period of each three species in both areas were obtained from late winter to late spring based on gonadosomatic index values. Male to female sex ratio of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 1:0.45, 1:0.41and 1:0.74 respectively. Absolute fecundity of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were estimated 3558 ± 2202, 3952 ± 1030 and 6742 ± 1939 respectively. P. waltoni feeds mainly on fiddler crab, S. tenuis uses crustaceans and gastropods and B. dussumieri has a vegetarian diet.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Mudskippers ; Ecology ; Periophthalmus waltoni ; Boleophthalmus dussumieri ; Scartelaos tenuis ; Female ; Male ; Benthic fauna
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 97
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  • 9
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39
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  • 10
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    A biological investigation into anchovy kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) in Anzali fishing ground, in 1993 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23897 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 14:07:33 | 23897 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: In the recent years the Kilka fishing in Iranian coastal waters boosted rapidly. The rich stock of Kilka has provided the possibility of apt exploitation. Among the three Kilka species, dwelling in the Caspian Sea, 90% of Iran's catch consists of Clupeonella engrauliformis. Analyses of Data show that the sex ratio varies widely with the change of season. In autumn the spawning reaches to the peak and the female population declines in catching. The oil fat content and intensity of feeding in both sexes did not reveal significant differences. Average size range is 194.91mm in summer und 97.97mm in winter. Length frequency in both sexes varies from 100 to 110mm, but the female size range changes are wider. Mean weight of Anchovy Kilka is 7.84g in spring and 5.92g in winter. The research also shows that in winter large size Kilka are distributed at the deepest area of the sea. Therefore, it is suggested that to catch the Kilka, fishing operation should be done at deeper depth.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Biological Investigation ; Anchovy Kilka ; Clupeonella engrauliformis ; Fishing ; Species ; Dwelling ; Clupeonella engrauliformis ; Sex ratio ; Female ; Oil fat ; Intensity ; Feeding ; Size ; Length ; Depth ; Anzali ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 31-42
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  • 11
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    On some biological aspects of Acipenser stellatus in the south west of the Caspian Sea in 1994 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23906 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 16:06:14 | 23906 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: During the fishing season, the statistical study on biological observation was carried out in four fishing stations located in the south west of the Caspian Sea. During the research activity 2806 stellate sturgeon were sampled. The result revealed that the ratio of stellate eggs weight used in processing of caviar were 20.7% of the total weight of the body. The number of females were more than males in the catch (77.8%). In 1991 the average length of females was 134.1 cm and the average weight with internal organs was 11.86 kg. But the mean length and weight in 1993 were 120.5 cm and 11.6 kg. The average age for female and male were estimated 12 and 10 years old respectively. Among the samples 92.7% of females were in the fourth stage of maturity and 60.4% of males were in third stage of maturity. In spite of the fact that during 1984-1991 fishing effort for catching Acipenser had been increased, yielding caviar had been decreased. This state was continued until 1994. So it was revealed that increasing fishing efforts wasn't led to increase the exploitation of Acipenser stocks.
    Keywords: Biology ; Female ; Male ; Caviar ; Weight ; Body ; Biological ; Fishing ; Eggs ; Acipenser stellatus ; SW Caspian Sea ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Length-length and Length-weight relationships in Astacus leptodactylus in Bandar Anzali region (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23910 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 16:20:57 | 23910 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Different length - weight relationship in 1000 male and 201 female of freshwater crayfish were studied and it was revealed that the length - length relationship is best described through linear regression, while weight - length relation is best described through a multimodel one. The "r" coefficient was over 90% in all cases. It was also shown that the average length of the females was more than the males, but the average weight of the males was more than the females. The percentage of males and females with total length more than 102 mm were 63.7% and 72.1% respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Length ; Weight ; Relationships ; Male ; Female ; Freshwater ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Crayfish ; Bandar Anzali ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 13
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    Artificial propagation of tench (Tinca tinca) to fingerling size in 1994 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23913 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 16:23:44 | 23913 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The tench, predominantly lacustina fish, lives in stagnant or sluggish water-bodies with silt covered bottoms. The artificial propagation aimed to produce fish fries for re-stocking programme in natural ecosystems. The brooders comprised of 130 female and 80 male fish. The individual’s weight of fishes ranged between 0.2 - 0.45 kg. The female and male fishes caught from wild stock, were separated and kept in two earthen ponds. The biotechnique of carp production were used for culture process. The eggs stripping conducted 8 times according to the ripeness of the brood stock. 60 female spawners were injected by the Gonadotropic hormone from pituitary glands of carp fish to induce the brooders. The used dosage was between 3-8 mg per kg of body weight, applied in two doses. With only one treatment, 6-8 mg hormone were injected per kg of body weight. Water temperature were 20-24°C in June. Male spawners were treated only once with 3-4 mg of the hormone per kg of body weight. The experiment showed, in two application the effective dose of hormonewas 6-8 mg, which helped 80-100% of the female fishes to discharge eggs. With one treatment, the efficiency of hormone was 7-8 mg, which induced 80-85% of the female spawners to release eggs. The eggs were put in saline carbamid solution mixture after fertilization to eliminate stickness and then washed with pure water. The previous washing treatment took 45-75 minutes and the next one 25-45 minutes. The eggs fertilization rate were 70-85%. Incubation of eggs up to the hatching in Weise jar were 2-2.5 days. The survival rate of the hatched fries were 85-95%, and the size of newly hatched larvae were 4.5-5mm. The larvae were placed into large Zuge glass. After 4-5 days the young fishes began to feed actively. The diameter of dry eggs were 0.52 - 4 mm and the swelled ones 0.8 - 0.65 mm. Number of eggs/spawners (working fecundity) were 10848 - 17710, and relative fecundity were between 80-350 eggs per 1 gram of body weight. Color of the eggs were bright yellow and greenish yellow.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fish ; Eggs ; Biotechnique ; Gonadotropic ; Hormone ; Female ; Body weight ; Hatching ; Size ; Survival rate ; Tinca tinca ; Fingerlig ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 14
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    Histological study on the gonads of reared juvenile sturgeon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23934 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 17:07:39 | 23934 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Histological studies are of the most adequate way to determine the physiological condition of fish organs. The present research was carried out in order to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the growth and development of the reproductive system of three sturgeon species (Acipenser persicus, Acipenser gueldenstaedti, and Huso huso). In this evaluation two histological approaches, gonadectomy and biopsy, were employed. The studied sturgeons consisted of 58 one, two and six years old reared juveniles. Some 60% of the one-year-old Huso huso were of unknown sex, 20% were previtellogic females and 20% of the males were in the early stage of spermatogenesis. On the other hand 50% of the one-year-old Acipenser persicus were also of unknown sex, 30% premature females and 20% premature males. Some 30% of two-year-old Huso huso were of unknown sex, 40% premature females and 10% of the females were in stage I of sexual maturity and 10% were premature males. Among the six-year-old specimens, 60% of the Acipenser persicus were females in stage II of sexual maturity, 20% were males between stage II and III of sexual maturity and 20% were of unknown sex, while in the same age group 50% ofAcipenser gueldenstaedti were males in stage II of sexual maturity and 50% were females in stage II (semi lipid) of sexual maturity. The results of the study indicated that 28.75% were females were in stage II of the sexual maturity, 14.28% were female in stage II (lipid) of sexual maturity, 14.28% females in stage I of sexual maturity, 28.75% males between stage II and III of sexual maturity and 14.28% were males in stage IV of sexual maturity. The conducted study on the juvenile sturgeon confirmed that the growth process of the gonads occurred as it would have happened under natural circumstances. Occurrence of six-year-old Huso huso in stage IV of sexual maturity indicated that the rearing conditions in the fiberglass tanks and earthen ponds have been favorable and on the other hand no extra surplus energy has been used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Histological ; Juvenile ; Evaluation ; Sexual ; Gonadectomy ; Species ; Physiological ; Gonad ; Growth ; Sturgeon ; Female ; Huso huso ; Acipenser persicus ; Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ; Iran
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  • 15
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    Dichelyne minutus Rudolphi, 1819 (Nematoda : Cucullanidae) infection in Neogobius fluviatilis and Neogobius kessleri from southern part of Caspian Sea (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23941 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 17:58:17 | 23941 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: During a parasitological study on two Goby species, 15 Neogobius kesslerithe and 30 Neogobius fluviatilis caught in the South Caspian Sea and Tajan River (Mazandaran Province) respectively. The fish nematode Dichelyne minutus Rudalphi 1819 was isolated from 15 N kessleri and 2 N. fluviatilis. Both male and female specimen of this parasite, were observed in the intestine of 17 fishes, some of which had penetrated into the mucous membrane of the intestine. The infection rate in N. kessleri and N fluviatilis were 100% and 6.6% respectively.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Nematoda ; Cucullanidae ; Neogobius fluviatilis ; Neogobius kessleri ; Goby ; Species ; Nematode ; Male ; Female ; Specimen ; Parasite ; Fishes ; Mucous ; Infection rate ; Dichelyne minutus ; Parasitological ; Caspian Sea ; Tajan River ; Mazandaran Province ; Iran
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  • 16
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    Sex hormones changes in the reproductive cycle of female Trichiurus lepturus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23943 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 17:17:40 | 23943 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Ribbon fish, family Trichiuridae, is one the most important protein resources of the Indian Ocean. The considerable density of these aquatic animals, especially the dominant species Trichiurus lepturus, has drawn many researchers' attention to its biological characteristics and its reproductive characteristics in particular. The sampling was carried out in the Oman Sea from March 95 to November 96 (n=778). Studies on Estradiol - 17 - β, Progesterone and Cortisol hormones in female Trichiurus lepturus indicated that the production of these hormones increases considerably from maturity stage II. The serum levels of Estradiol - 17 - β hormone peaked during September, October and November and it remained high in the other months (1500 pg/ml). High levels of Progesterone occurred from December to March (during the spawning season). The changes in the Cortisol levels from August to December and again from February to March (0.5 - 3.5 mic/100 ml) were significant. The Estradiol - 17 - β fluctuation was observed simultaneously with the vitellogenesis process and absorption of Vitelline by the oocytes during their maturation. The changes in the oocytes membrane as well as the perforated channels impact on serum levels of Estradiol - 17 - β and Cortisol hormones have been discussed in this paper. The relative high levels of Estradiol - 17 - β during the whole year is probably related to the long spawning season of this species during autumn, winter and spring.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Sex ; Hormone ; Female ; Trichiurus lepturus ; Ribbon fish ; Trichiuridae ; Protein ; Density ; Aquatic ; Species ; Estradiol ; Progesterone ; Serum level ; Spawning ; Fluctuation ; Vitellogenesis ; Absorption ; Oocytes ; Biological ; Reproductive ; Estradiol ; Oman Sea ; Iran
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  • 17
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    An investigation on feeding habits of northern pike of Anzali Lagoon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23953 | 18721 | 2018-08-02 11:10:53 | 23953 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Northern pike (Esox lucius L.) as a major game fish can be valuable in the management of water resources. In the present study, a total of 152 pikes from four areas: Abkenar (24%), Sorkhankool (10%), Siakeshim (54%) and Sheyjan (12%) were sampled. Female fishes were 75.6% of the samples and males were only 24.4%. Northern pike showed relatively fast growth and fishes above two years of age were mature and reached an average length of 32 cm. Feeding intensity and growth co-efficient in this species were correlated. Growth was highest in the lower age groups and with an increase in age and size, the feeding intensity and growth co-efficient of this have decreased. Northern pike in different ages feeds on different species of fish found in Anzali Lagoon. The most important of these fish species are Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Rhodeus sericeus amarus and larvae of Chalcalburnus chalcoides. In the 0+ age group pike mainly feeds on zooplanktonic Mysids. The results of the present study showed that Northern Pike is not restricting populations of commercial fish species of Anzali lagoon, but on the contrary it plays an important role in biological control of reproduction and propagation of non-commercial species like C. auratus and H. leucisculus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Feeding ; Esox lucius L. ; Female ; Males ; Growth ; Fishes ; Age ; Mature ; Length ; Species ; Size ; Carassius auratus ; Hemiculter leucisculus Rhodeus ; Sericeus amarus ; Larvae ; Chalcalburnus chalcoides ; zooplanktonic ; C. auratus ; H. leucisculus ; Biological ; Sheyjan ; Siakeshim ; Sorkhankool ; Abkenar ; Anzali Lagoon ; Iran
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  • 18
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    An investigation on food habits and spawning season of Acanthopagrus latus (Sparidae) in the Persian Gulf (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23948 | 18721 | 2018-08-02 11:22:50 | 23948 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Food habits and spawning season of Acanthopagrus latus (Sparidae) were studied in Bushehr, Delvar and Rostami waters of the Persian Gulf. Samples have been collected from March 1996 to February 1997 on a monthly basis. A total of 87 males and 95 females were examined and different biological parameters were measured. The Relative Length of the Gut (RLG) was estimated to be 0.64, which indicates that this is a carnivorous species. Food items have also been identified using numerical method. Out of 159 stomachs studied 36.36% were found to contain crabs, 33.99% other fish and 13.43% shrimps. The content of snails and sea urchins were 11/46% and 4/ 76% respectively. It is evident from the results of the study that A. latus feeds mainly on crabs and fish. The vacuity index was calculated to be 0.13. This indicated that this fish is an active predator. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) was estimated to be highest during February - March and lowest in June. GSI maxima was coincided with fecundity peak. The relationship between (GSI) and fish weight for females and males were r2=0.0235 and r2 =0.0214 respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Food Habits ; Spawning ; Acanthopagrus latus ; Sparidae ; Samples ; Male ; Female ; Length ; Gut ; RLG ; Species ; Numerical method ; Fish ; Shrimp ; Snail ; Sea urchins ; A. latus ; Feed ; Crab ; Vacuity index ; Gonado Somatic Index ; GSI ; Biological ; Delvar ; Bushehr ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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  • 19
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25270 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:54:06 | 25270 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length, weight, sex ratio, fecundity and natural reproduction time. Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city. Metallic folding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc at each line the traps were set on depth of 35, 45, 55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth). Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were determined for eacd month , season and whole year. Absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs, Average ovary weight was determined 4.31±0.619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs. The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32. The reproduction season is about seven month from Feburary to July and the moulting of males occurs two times each year. One of time is at May and the other is in September. The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bandar Anzali ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
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  • 20
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    Study on breeding of imported brood stocks Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran environment (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25338 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 10:05:42 | 25338 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Regarding to breeding the Litopenaeus vannamei, a total of 126 pairs of broodstocks were imported from Hawaii to Iran in 2004 and 2005, and then transferred to the Bandargah Research Station in Bushehr. The female broodstocks were ablated, and were feeded 3 times per day with cuttlefish, small size shrimp and Nereis worm with a ratio of 30% body weight. The water exchange were done 3 times per day. During the years 2004 and 2005 a total 1700000 naupli were produced of which 772000 specimens of pl13 and pl7 were harvested and then transferred to Helleh Site for carrying out the next culture project. The average naupli and postlarvae were 170000 and 92000 in proportion to each broodstock. Also the mean survival rate was estimated 54%.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Broodstock ; Breeding ; Female ; Cuttlefish ; Shrimp ; Nereis worm ; Body weight ; Nauplii ; Specimens ; Survival rate ; Breeding
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  • 21
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    Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25330 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:40:49 | 25330 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
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  • 22
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    Biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis in the Bahrekan waters (NW Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25182 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:03 | 25182 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bahrekan ; Sepia pharaonis ; Gillnet ; Sampling ; Specimens ; Weight ; Sex ; Gonado-somatic index ; Spawning ; Maturity ; Female ; Male ; Bivalvia ; Gastropods
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  • 23
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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  • 24
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    A survey on some biological aspects of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus for optimizing fishing season in Sistan - o – Baluchestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25222 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:40:25 | 25222 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Research project was conducted on some biological aspects of lobster in Oman Sea in the years1385-86. During the project some parameters such as length distribution, spawning peak, length (Carapace) at first maturity, the length at which 50% of the lobsters were found to be mature sexually, sex ratio, relative frequency index and population dynamics parameters were examined. Quantitative factors and catch composition of lobster including the amount of catch in terms of weight and number of ovigerous-female, under-sized specimens and so were compared by monthly. According to the results of present study caught specimens were male with carapace length of 22 and 110 mm respectively. The smallest ovigerous female was taken as 46mm CL when length at first maturity was estimated to be 69-70mm. the male: female ratio was 0.7: 1.3 for the whole year. A closed fishing season for the species is proposed during spring and September and October in Oman Sea. A large amount of the catches for the all sampling months came from the under-sized specimens, consist of 50 to 85% of the total catch. Therefore, presence of these small length groups have direct effects on time of closing season. Population dynamics parameters were calculated as follows: K=0.57 year, L∞= 103mm and Ǿ = 8.69. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) coefficients were calculated as 2.73, 0.87 and 1.86, respectively. Exploitation ratio for the whole population was 0.681, indicating an overexploitation of the species. Based on the available data, the recruitment pattern for lobster was obtained for two season including spring (major) and autumn (minor). Catch per unite effort (CPUE) was calculated as 0.908 kg/Cage/day which was higher in comparison with two other areas including Ramin and Chabahar. Examination of CPUE for a 10-year period showed a decreased trend and the reduction for the year 1386 was about 30% when compared to the data from the year 1375. Moreover, the mean length during 1369-70 to 1385-86 (present study) decreased for the three areas including Pozm, Ramin and Chabahar, so that the carapas length decreased up to 10 mm in length. This sudden decrease in mean length during the 10-year period should be considered as a serious precariousness for sustainable exploitation of lobster in Oman Sea along Sistan and Baluchistan province.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Sistan and Baluchistan province ; Chabahar ; Survey ; Spiny Lobster ; Panulirus homarus ; Fishing ; Spawning ; Length ; Maturity ; Sex ratio ; Female ; Specimens ; Species ; Mortality ; Population
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  • 25
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    The production of all-female in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using indirect feminization (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25767 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:03:37 | 25767 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The sex reversal technique in fish is widespread in many countries. The development of these techniques is desirable because rainbow trout males reach their gonad maturity earlier compared to the females. Rainbow trout alevins were treated with 17α-methyltestosterone incorporated in the diet (0.5. 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg) for 60 days from the beginning of first feeding. Sex was determined at 180 and 680 dpf by sampling fish (n = 20) from each group and examining gross gonadal morphology under a dissecting microscope. Also sex reversal ratio and growth performance were determined in hormone-treated groups. These sex reversed functional males were reared for brood stock until they attained sexual maturity. At the end of experiment, normal rainbow trout eggs were fertilized with the sperms taken from sex reversed males for producing all-female populations. Examination of the results showed that 17α- methyltestosterone was effective in all treatment. The highest sex reversal ratio with 100% was observed in group treated with 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg 17α- methyltestosterone. The highest live weight ratios were observed in groups fed with 6, 0.5 17α-methyltestosterone and control group. Female progeny produced from the sex reversed males were 100 % in all males that sired offspring. All female trout stocks produced by this method have advantage in rainbow trout culture since the fish is not meant for direct human consumption and is used to generate brood stock, therefore, difference of growth parameters do not influence the success.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Sex differentiation ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Sex reversal ; Hormone treatment ; 17-αmethyltestosterone ; Female ; Population ; Steroids ; Gonad ; Maturity ; Rainbow trout ; Sexual
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    Study of possibility of reproduction and mass culture of Nereis diversicolor (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25127 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:33:35 | 25127 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the year’s 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m^2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female: male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Anzali Lagoon ; Reproduction ; Sexual Maturity ; Fertilization ; Nereis Diversicolor ; Culture ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Spawning ; Female ; Male ; Larvae ; Sacchromyces cerevisiae ; Density
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    Status of the tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) and jinga shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) stocks in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25404 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:28:18 | 25404 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Population dynamics parameters and exploitation ratio of Jinga Shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis were studied from Sep 2011 to Dec 2011 and data collected from two landing places (Hendijan and Lifee-Bosif). During the project, more than 2200 specimens of jinga shrimp were measured. The mean value of length for the male and female were calculated as 9.8±0.86, 10.24±1.18 and mean value of weight for the male and female was as 6.730±1.64, 8.14±2.90 respectively. The length-weight relation were calculated as TW=0.024TL2.24 (n=1084,R^2=0.71) for males, TW=0.011TL2.80 (n=1081,R^2= 0.81) for females also we found significant different level length-weight relation in P〈0.05. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were as, L_∞: 14.73 and K: 1.1 and t0: -0.02. The estimated valve of total mortality, natural mortality, fishing mortality and exploitation ratio is Z: 4.35, M: 1.68, F: 2.67, E: 0.61 respectively. By using method analyses knife-edge selection, relative yield per recruitment (Y'/R) :0.014, relative biomass per recruitment, (B'/R) :0.085., Exploitation ratio maximum sustainable yield, Emax : 0.38; biological reference points for Jinga Shrimp stock was calculated. MSY and fmsy value was 600T and 46100day respectively. Result in this study showed exploitation ratio Jinga Shrimp stock is over fishing and decreases exploitation ratio proposed.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Jinga Shrimp ; Population ; Dynamics ; Exploitation ; Tiger tooth Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Population ; Male ; Female ; Mortality ; Coastal waters
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    Study of some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian Coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25184 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:24 | 25184 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During last 65 years the catch of mullets had increasing trends with some fluctuations in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .In this period about 138 thousand tons of mullets have been caught. Mullet’s account for 35% of total catch annually .In recent years species composition of mullets has chanched in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea and catch composition of golden grey mullet increased from 76% in 1995 to 98% in 2006. In this survey some biological characteristics of golden grey mullet have been studied in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea .Fish samples have been gathered from commercial catch of beach seine cooperatives monthly in Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea over 2006 and 2007. In the laboratory fishes have been measured biometrically and biological parameters have been calculated .Also catch statistics of mullets during 2006-2007 have been obtained and discussed. Results showed that the catch of mullets in beach seine cooperatives during 2006 and 2007 was 4181 and 3685 tons respectively that golden grey mullet contribute 99% and 98% of the catch composition of mullets respectively. Length range of golden grey mullet caught by beach seine cooperatives was 19-50.2 cm with mean length of 32.7 ± 6.4 (± SD) and weight range was 67-1475 gr with mean weight of 411 ± 255 gr. The age structure of this species was comprised 2-10 years old fish with mean age of 4.42 years old. In this survey totally the sex ratio of male: female of golden grey mullet was 356: 434 that was significant variation from equal sex ratio. Pick of the spawning in Guilan province was in October and in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces was in November. In October the proportion of spawning females declined from western area (Guilan province) towards eastern parts (Golestan province).The highest proportion of spawning females was in December in Golestan province. The highest GSI index value was observed in September and October and it was decreased in November and December and it was consistent during January till April. The mean absolute fecundity was 700881±429987 eggs with minimum and maximum fecundity of 200112 and 2282862 eggs respectively. The Lm 50% for female golden grey mullet was calculated as 33.6 cm.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Golden grey mullet ; Liza aurata ; Species ; Survey ; Samples ; Male ; Female ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; GSI ; Fecundity ; Coastal waters
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    Artificial propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn form for restocking (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25202 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:22:51 | 25202 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, and lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren’t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 million fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; Sefidrud River ; Artificial propagation ; Culture ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Kutum ; Bony Fish ; Fishery ; Spawning ; Biodiversity ; Aquaculture ; Brooders ; Fecundity ; Male ; Female ; Population
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    The amino acid compositions of muscle from wild and cultured of male and female Acanthopagrus latus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25929 | 18721 | 2018-11-22 06:49:55 | 25929 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The crude protein content and amino acid compositions of muscle from wild and cultured of male and female Acanthopagrus latus were determined by HPLC. There were quantitative differences between individual amino acids in the tissues investigated, depending on the sex and location. It was noted that, among all the samples studied in tissues, sexes and locations, lysine and isoleucine were the principal essential amino acid (EAA) and glutamic acid was mainly for non-essential amino acid (NEAA). Lysine and isoleucine of male muscles had a significantly higher (P〈0.05) amount than female muscles. The crude protein content in male and female muscles was not found to be significantly different. Depending on location, the percentages of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, glycine, alanine and tyrosine were significantly different (P〈0.05) in muscles of wild and cultured fish. The wild seabream possessed considerably higher protein content than cultured seabream muscle. The results showed that wild male fish muscle contained a higher (P〉0.05) level of EAA than other groups. The results indicate that the Acanthopagrus latus is a healthful component of the human diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Amino acid ; Composition ; Muscle ; Male ; Female ; Acanthopagrus latus ; NEAA ; Protein
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    The effect of repeated implantation of triiodo thyronine on the performance of physiology of cultured female great sturgeon (Huso huso) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25952 | 18721 | 2018-11-22 07:24:13 | 25952 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of triiodothyronine (T_3) implantation on the performance of physiology of cultured great sturgeon (Huso huso). Three treatments with 5 fish for each treatment were considered. The experimental treatments included: control (capsules containing cocoa butter alone), low level of T_3 (T_1; 1 mg T_3/kg body weight + cocoa butter), and high level of T_3 (T_10; 10 mg T_3/kg body weight+ cocoa butter). The capsules containing hormones and cocoa butter were intraperitoneally implanted to 3-year-old pre-vitellogenic stage female fish (mean initial body weight 6999.7±100.9 g) every 6 weeks over a six month period from January 2009 to June 2010. The serum levels of some hormone (T_3, cortisol, ACTH) and biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol and calcium) were determined at the initial time and three weeks after each implantation. Growth indices (WG, SGR and CF) were determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that fish treated with the high and low T_3 doses produced significant changes in thyroid hormone levels (P〈0.05). Serum cortisol was significantly higher in T_3- implanted fish than in control fish (P〈0.05). Serum glucose and calcium concentrations were significantly greater in fish treated with the high T_3 doses compared to the other two experimental groups (P〈0.05). Significant differences were observed in serum ACTH and cholesterol concentrations among treatments in the last and second sampling time, respectively (P〈0.05). Final weight was the highest in T_1-implanted fish; intermediate in those implanted the high T_3 dose, and lowest in controls (P〈0.05). These results indicated that the long-term implantations of T_3 hormone influence the physiological parameters of great sturgeon and promote the somatic growth in a physiological dose.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Implantation ; Triiodothyronine ; Performance ; Physiology ; Female ; Great sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Body weight ; ACTH ; Serum ; Fish
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    Production of artificial diets and determination of their effects as alone and combination with natural wet diet on female western white shrimp broodstock maturation (Litopenaeus vannamei) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25801 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:37:23 | 25801 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Due to the usefulness of shrimp broodstock pelleted diets, from aspects of, easier maintenance, transportation, broodstock feeding, and cheaper as compared to natural wet diets, the use of natural wet foods, include sand worm (Perinereis nuntica), cattle fish )Sepia pharaonis) and veal livier decreased and the quantity of pelleted diet increased. Survey was conducted, in tankes with a volume of 300 liters. Tanks were filled with 150 liters of water. 10 broodstock in each tank was left, with an average weight of 37±2 grams. Daily feeding rate, was twenty-five percent of their biomass. The survey was include, 9 treatments with 3 replicates in each tank as described below. Control treatment: broodstock feeding only with, sand worm (33%), cattle fish (34%) and bull livier (33%). Exprimental treatment 1: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%)+veal livier (16%). Treatment 2: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18%) and veal livier (16%). Treatment 3: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50%)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 4: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %). Treatment 5: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 6: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 50 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 7: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (100 %). Treatment 8: broodstock feeding with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 8 percent crude fat (100%). The results showed that, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in treatments 3: control and 6, was significantly more than others treatments (p〈0.05). Hepatosomatic indexes, in often treatments was almost equal, and in some cases were significantly different (p〈0.05). In treatments 3 and control, absolute fecundity, was significantly more than others treatment (p〈0.05). The survival percent, in treatment 8 was significantly less than others treatments (p〈0.05). The survival percent in others treatments was not significantly difference (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean weight of broodstock, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean length of carapac, wasn’t significant difference in treatments (p〉0.05). From the aspect of mean body length, wasn’t significant difference in often treatments (p〉0.05), and in treatments 5 and 6 was significantly less than others (p〈0.05). In the determination of relasheship between kind of treatments and abundance of maturated broodsock, wasn’t significantly difference (p〉0.05). In the determination of, correlation between weight (g) and total length(cm), (r=0.71), weight and carapace length (cm) (r=0.70), the correlation was strong. Between GSI, HIS, carapace length and total length the correlation was intermediate (r=0.54). The correlation between absolutely fecundity and total length (r=0.20), absolutely fecundity and carapace length (r=0.28), absolutely fecundity and weight (r=0.35) was weak. The results showed that, the use of combination of pelleted diet and natural wet diets can increase female maturation indexes. Totally we can noted that, GSI, HIS and absolute fecundity of broodstock, that fed with pelleted diet contain 40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude fat (50 %)+sand worm (16 %)+cattle fish (18 %) and veal livier (16 %) (treatment 3) was better than the other treatments. Positive effects of this treatnent on sexual indexes, was due to provide part of nutritional requirement of shrimp broodstock from pelleted diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Natural wet diet ; Pelleted diets ; Maturation ; Male ; Female ; Western white shrimp ; Artifitial diets ; Broodstock ; Litopenaeus vannamei
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    Neuroscience. The mice that don't miss mom: love and the mu-opioid receptor (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. Bone marrow cells: the source of gastric cancer? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/microbiology/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    The Asian epidemic model's provocative curves (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pain research. Why other people may not feel your pain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Emotions ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Opioid Peptides/metabolism ; Pain/genetics/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    Virology. HIV may shed some protection as it jumps to new hosts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Zambia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
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    Public health. Regulatory challenges in microbicide development (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coplan, Paul M -- Mitchnick, Mark -- Rosenberg, Zeda F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. PCoplan@ipm-microbicides.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Administration, Rectal ; Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Condoms ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Financial Support ; *Government Regulation ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The Gs-linked receptor GPR3 maintains meiotic arrest in mammalian oocytes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Mammalian oocytes are held in prophase arrest by an unknown signal from the surrounding somatic cells. Here we show that the orphan Gs-linked receptor GPR3, which is localized in the oocyte, maintains this arrest. Oocytes from Gpr3 knockout mice resume meiosis within antral follicles, independently of an increase in luteinizing hormone, and this phenotype can be reversed by injection of Gpr3 RNA into the oocytes. Thus, the GPR3 receptor is a link in communication between the somatic cells and oocyte of the ovarian follicle and is crucial for the regulation of meiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehlmann, Lisa M -- Saeki, Yoshinaga -- Tanaka, Shigeru -- Brennan, Thomas J -- Evsikov, Alexei V -- Pendola, Frank L -- Knowles, Barbara B -- Eppig, John J -- Jaffe, Laurinda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCHC), Farmington, CT 06032, USA. lmehlmann@neuron.uchc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/physiology ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Metaphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*physiology ; Versicans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Reproductive biology. Japanese scientists create fatherless mouse (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: A honey bee colony is characterized by high genetic diversity among its workers, generated by high levels of multiple mating by its queen. Few clear benefits of this genetic diversity are known. Here we show that brood nest temperatures in genetically diverse colonies (i.e., those sired by several males) tend to be more stable than in genetically uniform ones (i.e., those sired by one male). One reason this increased stability arises is because genetically determined diversity in workers' temperature response thresholds modulates the hive-ventilating behavior of individual workers, preventing excessive colony-level responses to temperature fluctuations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Julia C -- Myerscough, Mary R -- Graham, Sonia -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):402-4. Epub 2004 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jjones@bio.usyd.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/genetics/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Temperature
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    TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhowmick, Neil A -- Chytil, Anna -- Plieth, David -- Gorska, Agnieszka E -- Dumont, Nancy -- Shappell, Scott -- Washington, M Kay -- Neilson, Eric G -- Moses, Harold L -- AR41943/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA102162/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68485/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85492/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK46282/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Stomach/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*physiology
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    Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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    A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: the day reconstruction method (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) assesses how people spend their time and how they experience the various activities and settings of their lives, combining features of time-budget measurement and experience sampling. Participants systematically reconstruct their activities and experiences of the preceding day with procedures designed to reduce recall biases. The DRM's utility is shown by documenting close correspondences between the DRM reports of 909 employed women and established results from experience sampling. An analysis of the hedonic treadmill shows the DRM's potential for well-being research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahneman, Daniel -- Krueger, Alan B -- Schkade, David A -- Schwarz, Norbert -- Stone, Arthur A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1776-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Affect ; Data Collection/*methods ; Exercise ; Female ; Friends ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Income ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; *Life Change Events ; Marital Status ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Personality ; *Quality of Life ; Records as Topic ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Work
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    Paleoanthropology. New species of small human found in Indonesia (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Skeleton ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    Steroid-dependent auditory plasticity leads to adaptive coupling of sender and receiver (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: For seasonally breeding vertebrates, reproductive cycling is often coupled with changes in vocalizations that function in courtship and territoriality. Less is known about changes in auditory sensitivity to those vocalizations. Here, we show that nonreproductive female midshipman fish treated with either testosterone or 17beta-estradiol exhibit an increase in the degree of temporal encoding of the frequency content of male vocalizations by the inner ear that mimics the reproductive female's auditory phenotype. This sensory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling between sender and receiver in vocal communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sisneros, Joseph A -- Forlano, Paul M -- Deitcher, David L -- Bass, Andrew H -- 1F32DC00445/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH15793/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DC00092/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. sisneros@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Batrachoidiformes/*physiology ; Estradiol/blood/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Saccule and Utricle/drug effects/*innervation/physiology ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/blood/*pharmacology ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Tania -- Seymour, Ben -- O'Doherty, John -- Kaube, Holger -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Frith, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1157-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Empathy ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; *Pain ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology
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    Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gluckman, Peter D -- Hanson, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; *Chronic Disease ; Cues ; Disease/*etiology ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Style ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
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    Antidepressants' use in anorexic girls (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodersten, Per -- Bergh, Cecilia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Anorexia Nervosa/*drug therapy ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Serotonin/physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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    Genetic basis of natural variation in D. melanogaster antibacterial immunity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Many genes involved in Drosophila melanogaster innate immune processes have been identified, but whether naturally occurring polymorphism in these genes leads to variation in immune competence among wild flies has not been tested. We report here substantial variability among wild-derived D. melanogaster in the ability to suppress infection by a Gram-negative entomopathogen, Serratia marcescens. Variability in immune competence was significantly associated with nucleotide polymorphism in 16 innate immunity genes, corresponding primarily to pathogen recognition and intracellular signaling loci, and substantial epistasis was detected between intracellular signaling and antimicrobial peptide genes. Variation in these genes, therefore, seems to drive variability in immunocompetence among wild Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazzaro, Brian P -- Sceurman, Bonnielin K -- Clark, Andrew G -- AI46402/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1873-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, 4138 Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bl89@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Variation ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunocompetence/*genetics ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Serratia marcescens/growth & development/*immunology
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    Recruitment and spreading of the C. elegans dosage compensation complex along X chromosomes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: To achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation, organisms must distinguish X chromosomes from autosomes. We identified multiple, cis-acting regions that recruit the Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) through a search for regions of X that bind the complex when detached from X. The DCC normally assembles along the entire X chromosome, but not all detached regions recruit the complex, despite having genes known to be dosage compensated on the native X. Thus, the DCC binds first to recruitment sites, then spreads to neighboring X regions to accomplish chromosome-wide gene repression. From a large chromosomal domain, we defined a 793-base pair fragment that functions in vivo as an X-recognition element to recruit the DCC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Csankovszki, Gyorgyi -- McDonel, Patrick -- Meyer, Barbara J -- F32-GM065007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37-GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome/*metabolism
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    Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederman, Michael M -- Veazey, Ronald S -- Offord, Robin -- Mosier, Donald E -- Dufour, Jason -- Mefford, Megan -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Salkowitz, Janelle R -- Rodriguez, Benigno -- Blauvelt, Andrew -- Hartley, Oliver -- AI 36219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 51649/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-124000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ; Chemokine CCL5/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV-1/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/immunology ; Vagina/*virology
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    Derivatives of erythropoietin that are tissue protective but not erythropoietic (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: Endogenous opioid binding to micro receptors is hypothesized to mediate natural rewards and has been proposed to be the basis of infant attachment behavior. Here, we report that micro-opioid receptor knockout mouse pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations when removed from their mothers but not when exposed to cold or male mice odors. Moreover these knockout pups do not show a preference toward their mothers' cues and do not show ultrasonic calls potentiation after brief maternal exposure. Results from this study may indicate a molecular mechanism for diseases characterized by deficits in attachment behavior, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moles, Anna -- Kieffer, Brigitte L -- D'Amato, Francesca R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1983-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Reward ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Null model trumps accusations of bias (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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    Microbicides: anti-HIV efficacy and ethics (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Zena -- Susser, Mervyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Condoms ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; United States
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    Premature labor. Labor: true or false? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cervix Uteri/*chemistry ; Collagen/analysis ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology ; Myometrium/*physiology ; *Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy
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    Cumulative sperm whale bone damage and the bends (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diving mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and humans develop dysbaric osteonecrosis from end-artery nitrogen embolism ("the bends") in certain bones. Sixteen sperm whales from calves to large adults showed a size-related development of osteonecrosis in chevron and rib bone articulations, deltoid crests, and nasal bones. Occurrence in animals from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 111 years made a pathophysiological diagnosis of dysbarism most likely. Decompression avoidance therefore may constrain diving behavior. This suggests why some deep-diving mammals show periodic shallow-depth activity and why gas emboli are found in animals driven to surface precipitously by acoustic stressors such as mid-frequency sonar systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Michael J -- Early, Greg A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mmoore@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Body Size ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*pathology ; Decompression Sickness/complications/pathology/*veterinary ; *Diving ; Female ; Male ; Osteonecrosis/etiology/pathology/*veterinary ; Pacific Ocean ; *Whales/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Behavioral ecology. Why male bowerbirds decorate as well as dance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color ; Decision Making ; Female ; Male ; Pigmentation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Songbirds/anatomy & histology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Developmental biology. A pattern of precision (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sternberg, Paul W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. pws@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Vulva/cytology/growth & development/metabolism
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    Disparities in cancer funding (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dennis, Phillip A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality ; *Research Support as Topic ; Tobacco
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    Envelope-constrained neutralization-sensitive HIV-1 after heterosexual transmission (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: Heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide, yet the viral properties that determine transmission fitness or outgrowth have not been elucidated. Here we show, for eight heterosexual transmission pairs, that recipient viruses were monophyletic, encoding compact, glycan-restricted envelope glycoproteins. These viruses were also uniquely sensitive to neutralization by antibody from the transmitting partner. Thus, the exposure of neutralizing epitopes, which are lost in chronic infection because of immune escape, appears to be favored in the newly infected host. This reveals characteristics of the envelope glycoprotein that influence HIV-1 transmission and may have implications for vaccine design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derdeyn, Cynthia A -- Decker, Julie M -- Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic -- Mokili, John L -- Muldoon, Mark -- Denham, Scott A -- Heil, Marintha L -- Kasolo, Francis -- Musonda, Rosemary -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- Shaw, George M -- Korber, Bette T -- Allen, Susan -- Hunter, Eric -- AI-40951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-51231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-85338/PHS HHS/ -- U01-AI-41530/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2019-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cohort Studies ; Epitopes/immunology ; Female ; Genes, env ; Glycosylation ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/*immunology/physiology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Viral Load ; Zambia
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    Fertility below replacement level (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):207-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; *Population Density ; Population Growth
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    Conserved genetic basis of a quantitative plumage trait involved in mate choice (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: A key question in evolutionary genetics is whether shared genetic mechanisms underlie the independent evolution of similar phenotypes across phylogenetically divergent lineages. Here we show that in two classic examples of melanic plumage polymorphisms in birds, lesser snow geese (Anser c. caerulescens) and arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus), melanism is perfectly associated with variation in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. In both species, the degree of melanism correlates with the number of copies of variant MC1R alleles. Phylogenetic reconstructions of variant MC1R alleles in geese and skuas show that melanism is a derived trait that evolved in the Pleistocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mundy, Nicholas I -- Badcock, Nichola S -- Hart, Tom -- Scribner, Kim -- Janssen, Kirstin -- Nadeau, Nicola J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1870-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. nim21@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; Color ; *Feathers ; Female ; Geese/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Melanins/*analysis ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Immunology. Tracing an orphan's genealogy (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guy-Grand, Delphine -- Vassalli, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):185-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherche et d'Expertise Antivirale, INSERM U277, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. guygrand@pasteur.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Lineage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology/physiology ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/embryology/immunology ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A cluster of metabolic defects caused by mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. Each phenotype is transmitted on the maternal lineage with a pattern indicating mitochondrial inheritance. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the maternal lineage identified a homoplasmic mutation substituting cytidine for uridine immediately 5' to the mitochondrial transfer RNA(Ile) anticodon. Uridine at this position is nearly invariate among transfer RNAs because of its role in stabilizing the anticodon loop. Given the known loss of mitochondrial function with aging, these findings may have implications for the common clustering of these metabolic disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033655/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Frederick H -- Hariri, Ali -- Farhi, Anita -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Petersen, Kitt Falk -- Toka, Hakan R -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Raja, Khalid M -- Kashgarian, Michael -- Shulman, Gerald I -- Scheinman, Steven J -- Lifton, Richard P -- MO1 RR-00125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL-55007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023686-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK-49230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK049230/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1190-4. Epub 2004 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aging ; Anticodon ; Body Mass Index ; Cluster Analysis ; Cytidine ; *Extrachromosomal Inheritance ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Hypertension/*genetics/physiopathology ; Magnesium/*blood/urine ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism/pathology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*genetics ; Syndrome ; Thymidine ; Uridine
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    RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Extracellular replication of Listeria monocytogenes in the murine gall bladder (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening systemic illness in humans. Despite decades of progress in animal models of listeriosis, much remains unknown about the processes of infection and colonization. Here, we report that L. monocytogenes can replicate in the murine gall bladder and provide evidence that its replication there is extracellular and intraluminal. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was employed to determine the location of the infection over time in live animals, revealing strong signals from the gall bladder over a period of several days, in diseased as well as asymptomatic animals. The data suggest that L. monocytogenes may be carried in the human gall bladder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, Jonathan -- Francis, Kevin P -- DeBoer, Monica -- Chu, Pauline -- Gibbs, Karine -- Contag, Christopher H -- R01HD37543/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Gallbladder/*microbiology ; Gallbladder Diseases/*microbiology ; Listeria monocytogenes/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Luminescence ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Spleen/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cancer risk and salmon intake (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, Eiliv -- Engeset, Dagrun -- Alsaker, Elin -- Skeie, Gun -- Hjartaker, Anette -- Lundebye, Anne-Katrine -- Niebor, Evert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):477-8; author reply 477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; *Diet ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/toxicity ; Female ; *Fisheries ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/*epidemiology ; Norway ; Risk Assessment ; *Salmon
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    GlyR alpha3: an essential target for spinal PGE2-mediated inflammatory pain sensitization (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Robert J -- Depner, Ulrike B -- Wassle, Heinz -- Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Heindl, Cornelia -- Reinold, Heiko -- Smart, Trevor G -- Harvey, Kirsten -- Schutz, Burkhard -- Abo-Salem, Osama M -- Zimmer, Andreas -- Poisbeau, Pierrick -- Welzl, Hans -- Wolfer, David P -- Betz, Heinrich -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- Muller, Ulrike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Glycine/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Posterior Horn Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Glycine/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; Zymosan
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    Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during natural vision (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: To what extent do all brains work alike during natural conditions? We explored this question by letting five subjects freely view half an hour of a popular movie while undergoing functional brain imaging. Applying an unbiased analysis in which spatiotemporal activity patterns in one brain were used to "model" activity in another brain, we found a striking level of voxel-by-voxel synchronization between individuals, not only in primary and secondary visual and auditory areas but also in association cortices. The results reveal a surprising tendency of individual brains to "tick collectively" during natural vision. The intersubject synchronization consisted of a widespread cortical activation pattern correlated with emotionally arousing scenes and regionally selective components. The characteristics of these activations were revealed with the use of an open-ended "reverse-correlation" approach, which inverts the conventional analysis by letting the brain signals themselves "pick up" the optimal stimuli for each specialized cortical area.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasson, Uri -- Nir, Yuval -- Levy, Ifat -- Fuhrmann, Galit -- Malach, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1634-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Emotions ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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    Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Conflict monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been posited to signal a need for greater cognitive control, producing neural and behavioral adjustments. However, the very occurrence of behavioral adjustments after conflict has been questioned, along with suggestions that there is no direct evidence of ACC conflict-related activity predicting subsequent neural or behavioral adjustments in control. Using the Stroop color-naming task and controlling for repetition effects, we demonstrate that ACC conflict-related activity predicts both greater prefrontal cortex activity and adjustments in behavior, supporting a role of ACC conflict monitoring in the engagement of cognitive control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerns, John G -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- MacDonald, Angus W 3rd -- Cho, Raymond Y -- Stenger, V Andrew -- Carter, Cameron S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Cues ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reaction Time
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    Aging in rhesus monkeys: relevance to human health interventions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Progress in gerontological research has been promoted through the use of numerous animal models, which have helped identify possible mechanisms of aging and age-related chronic diseases and evaluate possible interventions with potential relevance to human aging and disease. Further development of nonhuman primate models, particularly rhesus monkeys, could accelerate this progress, because their closer genetic relationship to humans produces a highly similar aging phenotype. Because the relatively long lives of primates increase the administrative and economic demands on research involving them, new emphasis has emerged on increasing the efficient use of these valuable resources through cooperative, interdisciplinary research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, George S -- Mattison, Julie A -- Ottinger, Mary Ann -- Chachich, Mark E -- Lane, Mark A -- Ingram, Donald K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1423-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Caloric Restriction ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart Diseases/physiopathology/therapy ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; Neoplasms/physiopathology/therapy
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    That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: When we look at our hands, we immediately know that they are part of our own body. This feeling of ownership of our limbs is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. We have studied the neuronal counterparts of this experience. A perceptual illusion was used to manipulate feelings of ownership of a rubber hand presented in front of healthy subjects while brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural activity in the premotor cortex reflected the feeling of ownership of the hand. This suggests that multisensory integration in the premotor cortex provides a mechanism for bodily self-attribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrsson, H Henrik -- Spence, Charles -- Passingham, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):875-7. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. h.ehrsson@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Body Image ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Proprioception ; Time Factors ; Touch ; Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Neglect of women in science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, Vera -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research ethics. South Korean cloning team denies improprieties (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Authorship ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: Over a century ago, Freud proposed that unwanted memories can be excluded from awareness, a process called repression. It is unknown, however, how repression occurs in the brain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural systems involved in keeping unwanted memories out of awareness. Controlling unwanted memories was associated with increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation, reduced hippocampal activation, and impaired retention of those memories. Both prefrontal cortical and right hippocampal activations predicted the magnitude of forgetting. These results confirm the existence of an active forgetting process and establish a neurobiological model for guiding inquiry into motivated forgetting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Michael C -- Ochsner, Kevin N -- Kuhl, Brice -- Cooper, Jeffrey -- Robertson, Elaine -- Gabrieli, Susan W -- Glover, Gary H -- Gabrieli, John D E -- MH59940/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH62126/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):232-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. mcanders@darkwing.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Repression, Psychology ; Retention (Psychology) ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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  • 81
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    Extensive gene traffic on the mammalian X chromosome (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emerson, J J -- Kaessmann, Henrik -- Betran, Esther -- Long, Manyuan -- GM-065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 82
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    Population-level HIV declines and behavioral risk avoidance in Uganda (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: Uganda provides the clearest example that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is preventable if populations are mobilized to avoid risk. Despite limited resources, Uganda has shown a 70% decline in HIV prevalence since the early 1990s, linked to a 60% reduction in casual sex. The response in Uganda appears to be distinctively associated with communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social networks. Despite substantial condom use and promotion of biomedical approaches, other African countries have shown neither similar behavioral responses nor HIV prevalence declines of the same scale. The Ugandan success is equivalent to a vaccine of 80% effectiveness. Its replication will require changes in global HIV/AIDS intervention policies and their evaluation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, Rand L -- Low-Beer, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):714-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Health Evaluation Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. randstoneburner@netzero.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Condoms ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Incidence ; Information Dissemination ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Prevalence ; *Risk Reduction Behavior ; Sexual Abstinence ; *Sexual Behavior ; Social Support ; Uganda/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The importance of educating girls (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herz, Barbara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1910-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Developing Countries ; *Education ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Growth ; *Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Physiology. Heeding the hormonal call (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zakon, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. h.zakon@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Batrachoidiformes/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Ear, Inner/drug effects/*innervation/physiology ; Electric Fish/physiology ; Estrogens/*pharmacology/physiology ; Female ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen/physiology ; Reproduction ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Testosterone/pharmacology/physiology ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 85
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    Biomedicine. Do airborne particles induce heritable mutations? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samet, Jonathan M -- DeMarini, David M -- Malling, Heinrich V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):971-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jsamet@jhsph.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Animals ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Filtration/instrumentation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagens/*toxicity ; Ontario ; Particle Size ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogonia/drug effects/physiology ; Stem Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
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  • 86
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    Ecology. A head start for some redstarts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Geoffrey E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. ghill@acesag.auburn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15619587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry/growth & development ; Female ; Hydrogen/*analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 87
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    Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more frequently. We scanned human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they engaged in instrumental conditioning. Our results suggest partly dissociable contributions of the ventral and dorsal striatum, with the former corresponding to the critic and the latter corresponding to the actor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Doherty, John -- Dayan, Peter -- Schultz, Johannes -- Deichmann, Ralf -- Friston, Karl -- Dolan, Raymond J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK. j.odoherty@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; *Conditioning, Operant ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward
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  • 88
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    Visual pattern recognition in Drosophila is invariant for retinal position (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Vision relies on constancy mechanisms. Yet, these are little understood, because they are difficult to investigate in freely moving organisms. One such mechanism, translation invariance, enables organisms to recognize visual patterns independent of the region of their visual field where they had originally seen them. Tethered flies (Drosophila melanogaster) in a flight simulator can recognize visual patterns. Because their eyes are fixed in space and patterns can be displayed in defined parts of their visual field, they can be tested for translation invariance. Here, we show that flies recognize patterns at retinal positions where the patterns had not been presented before.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Shiming -- Wolf, Reinhard -- Xu, Shuping -- Heisenberg, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1020-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, P.R. China. tang-shm@sohu.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Perception ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Learning ; Orientation ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Retina/physiology ; Size Perception
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    Individual factors in suicide terrorism (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobena, Adolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):47-9; author reply 47-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Islam ; Male ; *Personality ; Religion ; *Suicide ; Temperament ; *Terrorism
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  • 90
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    Reversible immunocontraception in male monkeys immunized with eppin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Various forms of birth control have been developed for women; however, there are currently few options for men. The development of male contraceptives that are effective, safe, and reversible is desired for family planning throughout the world. We now report contraception of male nonhuman primates (Macaca radiata) immunized with Eppin, a testis/epididymis-specific protein. Seven out of nine males (78%) developed high titers to Eppin, and all of these high-titer monkeys were infertile. Five out of seven (71%) high-anti-Eppin titer males recovered fertility when immunization was stopped. This study demonstrates that effective and reversible male immunocontraception is an attainable goal. This method of immunocontraception may be extended to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'rand, M G -- Widgren, E E -- Sivashanmugam, P -- Richardson, R T -- Hall, S H -- French, F S -- VandeVoort, C A -- Ramachandra, S G -- Ramesh, V -- Jagannadha Rao, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. morand@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Fertility ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Immunization, Secondary ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca radiata ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Semen/immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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  • 91
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    Brood parasitic cowbird nestlings use host young to procure resources (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Young brood parasites that tolerate the company of host offspring challenge the existing evolutionary view of family life. In theory, all parasitic nestlings should be ruthlessly self-interested and should kill host offspring soon after hatching. Yet many species allow host young to live, even though they are rivals for host resources. Here we show that the tolerance of host nestlings by the parasitic brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater is adaptive. Host young procure the cowbird a higher provisioning rate, so it grows more rapidly. The cowbird's unexpected altruism toward host offspring simply promotes its selfish interests in exploiting host parents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kilner, Rebecca M -- Madden, Joah R -- Hauber, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rmk1002@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; Social Behavior ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology
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    An everlasting gender gap? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobic Threshold ; Body Constitution ; Doping in Sports ; Female ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; *Running ; *Sex Characteristics ; Testosterone/metabolism
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    Peering under the hood of Africa's runners (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):637-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Africa, Western ; *African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Body Composition ; Body Constitution ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kenya ; Lactates/metabolism ; Leg/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/enzymology/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance ; Physical Fitness ; *Running/physiology
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    Genetics. Ethical aspects of ES cell-derived gametes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Testa, Giuseppe -- Harris, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genomics, BIOTEC, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. testa@mpi-cbg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genomic Imprinting ; *Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Mice ; Parents ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/*ethics ; *Stem Cells
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  • 95
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    Evolution of behavior. Seeking the key to music (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Emotions ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Music ; Nonverbal Communication ; Object Attachment ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroscience. Imaging studies show how brain thinks about pain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; *Empathy ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic System/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Pain ; *Placebo Effect
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    What can progeroid syndromes tell us about human aging? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: Human genetic diseases that resemble accelerated aging provide useful models for gerontologists. They combine known single-gene mutations with deficits in selected tissues that are reminiscent of changes seen during normal aging. Here, we describe recent progress toward linking molecular and cellular changes with the phenotype seen in two of these disorders. One in particular, Werner syndrome, provides evidence to support the hypothesis that the senescence of somatic cells may be a causal agent of normal aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kipling, David -- Davis, Terence -- Ostler, Elizabeth L -- Faragher, Richard G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1426-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; DNA Helicases/genetics/physiology ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RecQ Helicases ; Telomere/metabolism ; *Werner Syndrome/genetics/pathology/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Regulation of bone mass in mice by the lipoxygenase gene Alox15 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The development of osteoporosis involves the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Through combined genetic and genomic approaches, we identified the lipoxygenase gene Alox15 as a negative regulator of peak bone mineral density in mice. Crossbreeding experiments with Alox15 knockout mice confirmed that 12/15-lipoxygenase plays a role in skeletal development. Pharmacologic inhibitors of this enzyme improved bone density and strength in two rodent models of osteoporosis. These results suggest that drugs targeting the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway merit investigation as a therapy for osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Robert F -- Allard, John -- Avnur, Zafrira -- Nikolcheva, Tania -- Rotstein, David -- Carlos, Amy S -- Shea, Marie -- Waters, Ruth V -- Belknap, John K -- Peltz, Gary -- Orwoll, Eric S -- AR44659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HG02322/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044659-08/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. kleinro@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Bone Density/drug effects/*genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fluorenes/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Linkage ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblasts/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/enzymology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Transgenic RNAi reveals essential function for CTCF in H19 gene imprinting (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The imprinted regulation of H19 and Insulin-like growth factor 2 expression involves binding of the vertebrate insulator protein, CCCTC binding factor (CTCF), to the maternally hypomethylated differentially methylated domain (DMD). How this hypomethylated state is maintained during oogenesis and the role of CTCF, if any, in this process are not understood. With the use of a transgenic RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach to generate oocytes with reduced amounts of CTCF protein, we found increased methylation of the H19 DMD and decreased developmental competence of CTCF-deficient oocytes. Our results suggest that CTCF protects the H19 DMD from de novo methylation during oocyte growth and is required for normal preimplantation development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fedoriw, Andrew M -- Stein, Paula -- Svoboda, Petr -- Schultz, Richard M -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- HD-42026/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD-07516/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):238-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Animals ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Litter Size ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Zygote/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy. We show that although acute injury, acute inflammation, or transient parietal cell loss within the stomach do not lead to BMDC recruitment, chronic infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter, a known carcinogen, induces repopulation of the stomach with BMDCs. Subsequently, these cells progress through metaplasia and dysplasia to intraepithelial cancer. These findings suggest that epithelial cancers can originate from marrow-derived sources and thus have broad implications for the multistep model of cancer progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houghton, Jeanmarie -- Stoicov, Calin -- Nomura, Sachiyo -- Rogers, Arlin B -- Carlson, Jane -- Li, Hanchen -- Cai, Xun -- Fox, James G -- Goldenring, James R -- Wang, Timothy C -- CA95103/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K22 CA90518/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA87958/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK58/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1568-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. jeanmarie.houghton@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Carcinoma in Situ/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/chemistry/pathology ; Gastritis/*pathology ; Helicobacter Infections/*pathology ; *Helicobacter felis ; Keratins/analysis ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/physiology ; Metaplasia ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mucins/analysis ; Muscle Proteins/analysis ; Parietal Cells, Gastric/physiology ; Peptides/analysis ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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