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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Warm water aquaculture development along with import of eyed eggs, Broodstocks and ornamental fish also transferring of fingerlings and broodstocks from one province to another one has led to spreading of some unwanted diseases. According to the Gilan Fisheries Department report, mortality rate of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the summer of 2010 caused losing of silver carp production more than 1162 tons which was valued over than twenty-three milion rials that was increased to about 40 million rials in 1391. Also grass carp had a less mortality rate in some farms. Observed symptoms and severity of losses increased the probability of viral diseases such as spring viremia of carp, koi herpes virus and grass carp reovirus. In this research, totally 411 silver carp and grass carp with 5 to 2300 gram weight from 83 farms were sampled during 2011-2012. Clinical symptoms was different in various farms and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the flanks, red fin base or total fin and Red belly and operculum, mild exophthalmia, hemorrhaging in the abdominal cavity (yellow, transparent or red fluid) and petechial haemorrhages of skin and viscera and Ascites in abdominal cavity and some silver carps and grass carps were observed with palied liver and gill. In some cases swelling muscle was observed in Silver carp. Several fries with the severe emaciation were observed. Difference between clinical symptoms can indicate the presence of different causes of mortality in different farms. Various water colors from completely transparent to dark green, yellow or slightly brown observed in different pool, which shows the difference in overall culture management including water quality management. The minimum Water turbidity using secchi disk was 40 centimeters to one meter page in the fields. Source semi-deep wells or deep pools that were used as water source. Average water temperature, oxygen and pH in fileds 26/5-31 °C , 4/3-5/7 mg / L and 7/4-9/38. In order to virological surveys, sampling of internal organs, including kidneys, and spleen were done.and Homogeneous target tissues after spending 0/45 micron filter on EPC and BF2 cell line were inoculated to observe cell damage(CPE) in case of confirmation of antibody detection methods brilliant, RT-PCR and PCR done. In cell culture examination, a kind of cell damage (CPE-like changes) was observed after inoculating of 3 samples of Silver carp those were suspected to SVC, but in the second and third passages there were no sign of cell damage. It may be because of toxic effect of tissue filtrate on the cell monolayer. Concerning sample of Grass carp on two EPC and BF2 cells no evidence of cell damage was found. In indirect fluorescent antibody test, 72 hours after inoculation of tissues filtrates of of silver carp and grass carp samples on EPC, no positive reaction was observed. PCR and RT-PCR tests using specific primer pairs were done to test all of the silver carp and grass carp samples for SVC and KHV diseases Also for GCRV in grass carp samples. In addition, simultaneously commercial PCR kits applied for testing of SVC and KHV (IQ2000. Taiwan). The results of PCR and RT-PCR tests showed no evidence of robdovirus Carpio and grass carp reovirus RNA and no sign of koi herpesvirus DNA in tested samples. In conventional PCR and RT-PCR tests Using specific primer pairs none of positive bands related to SVCV(470 bp) and GCRV(292bp, 697bp and 320bp) were not confirmed in the tested samples. Also in electrophoresis of PCR products using IQ2000 kit revealed 471 bp and 640 bp negative bands in all samples and the positive bands were not observed. For confirmation of the results, three suspected samples were sent to Europe Union Reference Laboratory and none of mentioned diseases were confirmed. Simultaneously bacteriolocical examination applied for 26 using blood agar. In bacterial culture and related analyzes 6 isolates of Pseudomonas and 21isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were detected from 26 farms while no virus was confirmed in the same samples. Based on the results of cell culture, PCR, RT-PCR and IFAT tests no one of SVCV, KHV and GCRV viruses were confirmed in tested samples. Therefore, the etiological reason of the mortalities in the tested farms was not viral diseases and should be prevent and control by biosecurity and health management in the farms.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: SVCV ; KHV ; GCRV ; Silver Carp ; Grass carp ; Mortality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 86pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In a preliminary study, the antifungal properties of essential oil of Satureja hortensis at different tenderness were tested on potato – dextrose agar (PDA). The fungus Aspergillus flavus PTCC 5006 was isolated from pistachio nut obtained from Rafsanjan area, Iran. Among the essential oil compounds, 500 ppm concentration was completely inhibited Aspergillus flavus growth. After determination of the most effective concentration, it was added to fish feeds compound which inhibited fungal growth and production of aflatoxin. Its concentration was determined as 500 ppm and over of essential oil of Satureja hortensis. The essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analyzed by means of GC-MS and their effective factors were evaluated for fish feeds and their results are shown in tables.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Antifungal properties ; Satureja hortensis ; Aspergillus flavus ; Fish feeds ; Feed ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 59pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Stock assessment of Urmia Lake Artemia between 2000-2001 revealed intense decreasing cysts and biomass compared the previous years. Reducing annual rain falling from 32 to 18 cm in west Azarbayjan province lowered fresh water entrance from 4 billion m3 to 1.8 billion m3 to the lake as in 2001 the water volume reached to 6 billion m3 . Decreasing more than 2 billion m3 water volume of the lake per year with increasing the evaporation rate and existence of 5 billion tons salt inside the lake increased water salinity from 17% (1999) to 23.3% (2001) with max- min range of 250-258 ppt without any differences between the seasons. Mean transparency measured with Sechi disk was 138 cm (maximum 215 in Autumn and minimum 51 cm in Spring). Annual mean of water temperature 15 with fluctuation of 6 in winter to 22.13 in Autumn. this study, Artemia (different life stages) and phytoplankton were sampled by planktonic net from 12 suit stations which were selected from 36 sites used in previous Artemia stock assessment project done by Gent University, 1995. Phytoplankton sample identified and counted using identifying key and microscopic study. Results showed that in winter, the number of cysts per cubic meter 756 (minimum) and 2015 (maximum) in Autumn, with annual mean of 1000.m-3. Minimum 0.7 g.m-3 biomass wet weight (without cysts) were obtain in winter while the maximum (9.22 g.m-3) was in spring. The numbers of different nauplii stages per cubic meter with range of 0.03 in winter to 9.22 in spring( mean of 2.46) and juvenile stage per cubic meter were between 0.05 in winter to 1.16 in spring( mean= 0.66). It's showed higher percentage of larval stages in spring toward to higher juvenile and adults stages in summer to mid-autumn. Only Dunaliella and Nitzschia were identified but Dunaliella was dominated ( 95% of total identified phytoplankton with higher abundance, 31000 cells.L-1 in spring season(especially in May and June). Total biomass concluding cysts in studied year was 2700 tons( 30 tons cysts and 2670 tons other biomass which with 10% harvestable biomass,3 tons cysts and 267 tons other biomass could be harvested without any diverse effects on Artemia stock. Cysts and biomass were found more in central to southern part of the lake . The best season for cysts harvesting were Autumn follow by Spring and for biomass harvest were Summer follow by Autumn.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artemia urmiana ; Stock assessment ; Phytoplankton ; Dunaliella ; Nitzschia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 74pp.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the successful breeding of western white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) brooders (females and males), we used cuttle fish (Sepia pharaonis) and sand worm (Perinereis nuntica) of Persian Gulf as principle feeds, 3 times a day, and from cow livier and edible bivalve meat (Solen brevis) of Persian Gulf, as secondary feeds, 1 time a day. Nutritional value of Sepia pharaonis, Perinereis nuntica and Solen brevis, with determination of the amount of fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), stearic acid (18:00), oleic acid (18:1n-9), palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid, essential amino acids inclusive arginine, lysine, leucine, isoleusine, threonine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophane and crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and moisture were done in laboratory. The results showed that, the amount of essential amino acides and nonessential amino acides (in the more causes) in Sepia pharaonis were more than Solen brevis and in Solen brevis more than Perinereis nuntica. Only nonessential amino acides, glysine and alanine in Solen brevis were more than Sepia pharaonis. Also in chemical analysis of wet feeds determined that, crude protein percent in cattle fish was 2.9 times and 2.2 times more than Solen brevis and Perinereis nuntica, respectively. The crude fat in cattle fish was 2.1 times and 1.6 times more than Solen brevis and Perinereis nuntica respectively. Tottaly, the amount of essential fatty acides in Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica were more than Solen brevis, and in Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica were almost, equal. Total lipids of Sepia pharaonis, Perinereis nuntica and Solen brevis determined 7.92, 5.90 and 3.63 percent respectively. Totally the percent of fatty acids in cattle fish and Perinereis nuntica is almost equal and was more than Solen brevis meat. We can noted that, the Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica are suitable as principle feed and Solen brevis and cow livier, as secondary feed for L.vannamei broodstock maturation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Broodstock ; Western white shrimp ; Wet and Fresh Feed ; Maturation ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Females ; Males ; Cuttle fish ; Sepia pharaonis ; Sand worm ; Perinereis nuntica ; Solen brevis ; Perinereis nuntica ; Fatty acids ; Liver
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus , Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×105, 4.8±0.5 ×105 per mm 3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm 3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm 3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physicochemical ; Hematology ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 395pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculure and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. these areas(North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions,and production time table. Survey was started frome 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces.results revieled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stock Enhancement ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Bony fishes ; Sturgeon fishes ; Restocking ; Aquatic ; Culture ; Aquaculure ; Fisheries ; Breeding ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 191pp.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Culture of beluga (Huso huso) in new conditions such as inland brackish water necessitates studying nutritional requirements and effects of different diets on gonadic and somatic growth as well as physiological condition. In this research 74 beluga each 4 years old cultured in brackish water of earthen ponds in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station, were selected and distributed in 8 circular cement ponds. Feeding was done in 4 formulated diets with fixed protein level and 4 energy levels (400, 425, 450, 475kcal/l00g). Samples were biopsied at the start and the end of the experiment to determine sexuality and stage of maturation. To study gonad tissues, the hematoxylin-eosin method was used. Results indicated that somatic and gonadic growth indices were affected by diets. Somatic growth overlapped in both sexes. Sexual maturation stages were not the same in males and females and transition from stage II in males was more rapid than females. Considering the results in this study, diet treatments influenced on somatic growth in both sexes and gonadic growth in females. We conclude that somatic and especially gonadic growth in brackish water is suitable. Therefore, inland brackish water environment can be regarded suitable for beluga cultivation.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nutritional requirements ; Inland fisheries ; Ovaries ; Cultured organisms ; Huso huso ; Brackish ; Testes ; Diets ; Growth ; Fish physiology ; Sexual maturity ; Gonads
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.91-104
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Decline in capture fisheries and sea food demand lead to improve shrimp aquaculture activities. Iran had good experiences on shrimp farming during tow decades. White spot disease collapse the shrimp farming activities in recent years. Although goater were the main site for shrimp culture but this site were affected by white spot disease (WSD). Environmental stressors were the main criteria for attention in this regard. An investigation was carried out to monitor management practices and to find out whether there is any relationship with occurrence of white spot disease and environmental parameters. Five semi-intensive shrimp farms were selected in bahookalat chabahar area (2500 ha). The farms were situated at goater area. Tree ponds from each farm at random were selected for the study. All major environmental parameters such as O2, temperature, salinity. PH, nitrogen were recognized by standard method. Logistic regression were used for relationship of water parameters with occurrence of white spot disease. There were no significant relationship between PH, salinity and nitrogen in ponds and canals. But significant variations were recorded for oxygen (1.58) Temperature (0.89) with occurrence of white spot disease. Pond aeration can use for reduction and prevention of diseases.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: White spot disease ; WSD ; Shrimp farming
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 156pp.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Aquaculture is the most important part of Fisheries Organization duties in Iran. During several planning and developing programs, aquaculture productions had a considerable growth. Due to good potential, these productions were higher than the planed one. The North Alborz regions were investigated by four groups of experts. The regions which investigated were including 3 important provinces (e.g. Guillan, Mazandaran and Golestan). The area where investigated was 940 km along with coastal zone of Caspian Sea or 58678 km2 in total. Around 27% of aquaculture production came from this region. However, subdivision of fisheries can play important role in the economics in the region. The fisheries sub-sector has an important role in the economy of the region, and despite the great potential for agriculture and tourist industries in the North Alborz, there is a significant role in the prosperity of the fisheries activities. In the present study shows that Mazandaran and Guillan provinces has more potential in reservoirs and aquaculture production when compared with other provinces. Productions in Mazandaran either in reservoirs were less than Guillan province. Due to lee in reservoirs, Mazandaran had less investment when compared with Guillan province. The figures show that carrying capacity of aquaculture production for 3 provinces (Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan) was higher than other provinces in the entire country. Due to, large land base, less investment, more interesting of farmers, no needs of complicated technology, farmer would be able to develop reservoirs as consequences to enhance productions. However, developing reservoirs and supporting of it's; can increase the contribution of warm water species in inland water.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Survey ; Existence Currency ; Warm Water ; Fish ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 138pp.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The comparative study of the streptococcinum, Hepar sulfur, Rosmarinus officinalis and erythromycin effects on cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with experimental streptococcosis Homeopathy is one of alternative medicines that is very useful for soul and body diseases with accurate prescription . The goal of this study was “ survey of the effects of homeopathic remedies. There is not any more research about homeopathy on aquatics in the world especially in Iran, thus Some research about the effects of homeopathy on aquatics is needed. In this study , the effects of streptococcinum,Hepar sulfure, Rosmarinus officinalis(homeopathic remedies) and erythromycin in cultured rainbow trout ,with experimental streptococcosis, also the mortality, were compared. There was 6 treatment and 2 reviews in 300 liter tanks that each of treatment contained 40 juvenile rainbow trout with 25±5 gr arrange weight . Treatment 1: contained of erythromycin. Treatment 2: Streptococcinum C30. Treatment 3: Rosmarinus officinalis Q. Treatment 4: Hepar sulfur C30 . Treatment 5:(control treatment )without any injection and any therapy . Treatment 6 : ( positive control treatment ) with injection but without any therapy. Daily estimation of the water temperature , oxygen, PH and salinity and some other chemical factors. Tretment 1 had significance with the other treatments. Survival percent in treatments and their analysis showed that treatment 4(Hep-s) had significance (p〈0.05) with treatment 3(Ros-off) and its survival percent is more than the other homeopathic remedies. Erythromycin is chemical drug and has many side effects but Hep-s has not any side effect and is an natural remedy for Streptococcosis in homeopathy. Thus we offer the Hep-s to cure the streptococcosis but some research with disk diffusion test about the different doses of Hep-s is needed. Daily survey of clinical symptoms such as hemorrhages in the external organs, Under eyes, under skin, under fins and gills, hemorrhages and exophthalmos , were the most symptoms . Important pathological symptoms were: necrosis , hyperplasia and melanosis in branches, liver and kidneys, hemorrhages in heart, kidneys and in visceral tissues. According to the survival results, there was significant difference between the treatment 1 and the other treatments(p〈0.05). Also there was significant difference between treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 2(p〈0.05), this difference is due to the high dose(Q) of R.officinalis, while the two other homeopathic remedies were in a moderated dose (C30), 30× 100 diluted dose. Survival percent of treatment 4(Hep-s) was more than the other homeopathic remedies and was related to erythromycin. Erythromycin is chemical medicine and has many side effects, while Hepar sulfur has not any side effects if the prescription would be accurate. Hep-s is suggested with disk diffusion tests for relief the symptoms of streptococcosis.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Homeopathy ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Hep-s ; Ros-off ; Streptococcinum ; Erythromycin ; Streptococcusis ; Rainbow trout
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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