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  • 1
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    A genome-wide metabolomic resource for tomato fruit from Solanum pennellii (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Tomato and its processed products are one of the most widely consumed fruits. Its domestication, however, has resulted in the loss of some 95% of the genetic and chemical diversity of wild relatives. In order to elucidate this diversity, exploit its potential for plant breeding, as well as understand its biological significance, analytical approaches have been developed, alongside the production of genetic crosses of wild relatives with commercial varieties. In this article, we describe a multi-platform metabolomic analysis, using NMR, mass spectrometry and HPLC, of introgression lines of Solanum pennellii with a domesticated line in order to analyse and quantify alleles (QTL) responsible for metabolic traits. We have identified QTL for health-related antioxidant carotenoids and tocopherols, as well as molecular signatures for some 2000 compounds. Correlation analyses have revealed intricate interactions in isoprenoid formation in the plastid that can be extrapolated to other crop plants. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep03859
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Herschel reveals the obscured star formation in HiZELS H{alpha} emitters at z = 1.47 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-06
    Description: We describe the far-infrared (far-IR; rest-frame 8–1000-μm) properties of a sample of 443 Hα-selected star-forming galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) fields detected by the High-redshift Emission Line Survey (HiZELS) imaging survey. Sources are identified using narrow-band filters in combination with broad-band photometry to uniformly select Hα (and [O ii ] if available) emitters in a narrow redshift slice at z  = 1.47 ± 0.02. We use a stacking approach in Spitzer -MIPS mid-IR, Herschel -PACS/SPIRE far-IR [from the PACS Evolutionary Prove (PEP) and Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES)] and AzTEC mm-wave images to describe their typical far-IR properties. We find that HiZELS galaxies with observed Hα luminosities of L (Hα) obs 10 8.1-9.1  L ( 10 41.7-42.7  erg s –1 ) have bolometric far-IR luminosities of typical luminous IR galaxies, $L(8{\rm -}1000\,\mu {\rm m})\approx 10^{11.41^{+0.04}_{-0.06}} $  L . Combining the Hα and far-IR luminosities, we derive median star formation rates (SFRs) of SFR Hα, FIR  = 32 ± 5 M  yr –1 and Hα extinctions of A Hα  = 1.0 ± 0.2 mag. Perhaps surprisingly, little difference is seen in typical HiZELS extinction levels compared to local star-forming galaxies. We confirm previous empirical stellar mass ( M * ) to A Hα relations and the little or no evolution up to z  = 1.47. For HiZELS galaxies (or similar samples) we provide an empirical parametrization of the SFR as a function of rest-frame ( u  –  z ) colours and 3.6-μm photometry – a useful proxy to aid in the absence of far-IR detections in high- z galaxies. We find that the observed Hα luminosity is a dominant SFR tracer when rest-frame ( u  –  z ) colours are 0.9 mag or when Spitzer -3.6-μm photometry is fainter than 22 mag (Vega) or when stellar masses are lower than 10 9.7 M . We do not find any correlation between the [O ii ]/Hα and far-IR luminosity, suggesting that this emission line ratio does not trace the extinction of the most obscured star-forming regions, especially in massive galaxies where these dominate. The luminosity-limited HiZELS sample tends to lie above of the so-called main sequence for star-forming galaxies, especially at low stellar masses, indicating high star formation efficiencies in these galaxies. This work has implications for SFR indicators and suggests that obscured star formation is linked to the assembly of stellar mass, with deeper potential wells in massive galaxies providing dense, heavily obscured environments in which stars can form rapidly.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    When fear is near: threat imminence elicits prefrontal-periaqueductal gray shifts in humans (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Humans, like other animals, alter their behavior depending on whether a threat is close or distant. We investigated spatial imminence of threat by developing an active avoidance paradigm in which volunteers were pursued through a maze by a virtual predator endowed with an ability to chase, capture, and inflict pain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that as the virtual predator grew closer, brain activity shifted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the periaqueductal gray. This shift showed maximal expression when a high degree of pain was anticipated. Moreover, imminence-driven periaqueductal gray activity correlated with increased subjective degree of dread and decreased confidence of escape. Our findings cast light on the neural dynamics of threat anticipation and have implications for the neurobiology of human anxiety-related disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648508/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648508/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mobbs, Dean -- Petrovic, Predrag -- Marchant, Jennifer L -- Hassabis, Demis -- Weiskopf, Nikolaus -- Seymour, Ben -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Frith, Christopher D -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1079-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Functional Imaging Laboratory, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK. d.mobbs@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anxiety/physiopathology ; Avoidance Learning ; Behavior ; Brain Mapping ; *Escape Reaction ; Fear/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Oxygen/blood ; Pain ; Periaqueductal Gray/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Tania -- Seymour, Ben -- O'Doherty, John -- Kaube, Holger -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Frith, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1157-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Empathy ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; *Pain ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Human choices are remarkably susceptible to the manner in which options are presented. This so-called "framing effect" represents a striking violation of standard economic accounts of human rationality, although its underlying neurobiology is not understood. We found that the framing effect was specifically associated with amygdala activity, suggesting a key role for an emotional system in mediating decision biases. Moreover, across individuals, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex activity predicted a reduced susceptibility to the framing effect. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating emotional processes within models of human choice and suggests how the brain may modulate the effect of these biasing influences to approximate rationality.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631940/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631940/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Martino, Benedetto -- Kumaran, Dharshan -- Seymour, Ben -- Dolan, Raymond J -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):684-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1 3AR, UK. b.martino@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Choice Behavior ; Cognition ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gambling ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    A key role for similarity in vicarious reward (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Humans appear to have an inherent prosocial tendency toward one another in that we often take pleasure in seeing others succeed. This fact is almost certainly exploited by game shows, yet why watching others win elicits a pleasurable vicarious rewarding feeling in the absence of personal economic gain is unclear. One explanation is that game shows use contestants who have similarities to the viewing population, thereby kindling kin-motivated responses (for example, prosocial behavior). Using a game show-inspired paradigm, we show that the interactions between the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex subserve the modulation of vicarious reward by similarity, respectively. Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839480/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839480/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mobbs, Dean -- Yu, Rongjun -- Meyer, Marcel -- Passamonti, Luca -- Seymour, Ben -- Calder, Andrew J -- Schweizer, Susanne -- Frith, Chris D -- Dalgleish, Tim -- MC_U105579214/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105579215/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1055.02.002.00001.01(79215)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):900. doi: 10.1126/science.1170539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK. dean.mobbs@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Empathy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Self Concept ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Desirability ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Transport and Retention of Colloids in Porous Media: Does Shape Really Matter? (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es4016124
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 8
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    Prescription reporting with immediate medication utilization mapping (PRIMUM): development of an alert to improve narcotic prescribing (2016)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-24
    Description: Prescription narcotic overdoses and abuse have reached alarming numbers. To address this epidemic, integrated clinical decision support within the electronic medical record (EMR) to impact prescribing behavior...
    Electronic ISSN: 1472-6947
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 9
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    Erratum to: Prescription reporting with immediate medication utilization mapping (PRIMUM): development of an alert to improve narcotic prescribing (2016)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-28
    Electronic ISSN: 1472-6947
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 10
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    Requirement of CHROMOMETHYLASE3 for somatic inheritance of the spontaneous tomato epimutation Colourless non-ripening (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-18
    Description: Naturally-occurring epimutants are rare and have mainly been described in plants. However how these mutants maintain their epigenetic marks and how they are inherited remain unknown. Here we report that CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (SlCMT3) and other methyltransferases are required for maintenance of a spontaneous epimutation and its cognate Colourless non-ripening (Cnr) phenotype in tomato. We screened a series of DNA methylation-related genes that could rescue the hypermethylated Cnr mutant. Silencing of the developmentally-regulated SlCMT3 gene results in increased expression of LeSPL-CNR, the gene encodes the SBP-box transcription factor residing at the Cnr locus and triggers Cnr fruits to ripen normally. Expression of other key ripening-genes was also up-regulated. Targeted and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing showed that the induced ripening of Cnr fruits is associated with reduction of methylation at CHG sites in a 286-bp region of the LeSPL-CNR promoter, and a decrease of DNA methylation in differentially-methylated regions associated with the LeMADS-RIN binding sites. Our results indicate that there is likely a concerted effect of different methyltransferases at the Cnr locus and the plant-specific SlCMT3 is essential for sustaining Cnr epi-allele. Maintenance of DNA methylation dynamics is critical for the somatic stability of Cnr epimutation and for the inheritance of tomato non-ripening phenotype. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09192
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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