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  • 1
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Handbuch der meteorologischen Instrumente und ihrer Auswertung (1935)
    Berlin : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 33978 ; MOP 14475 ; MOP 14746 ; MOP 33978 A ; MOP Mf 46, 1023
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 733 S. : zahlr. graph. Darst.
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Temperaturmeßgeräte / von Dr. Walter Grundmann (Mit 37 Abbildungen). - A. Allgemeines. - a) Definition der Temperatur und Historisches. - b) Temperatur- und Strahlungsgleichgewicht. - c) Strahlungsschutz. - d) Trägheit der Thermometer. - B. Die heute gebräuchlichen Thermometer. - a) Die Gasthermometer. - b) Die Quecksilberthermometer. - 1. Physikalische Grundlagen. - 2. Aufbau des Quecksilberthermometers. - 3. Fehlerquellen bei Quecksilberthermometern. - 4. Die verschiedenen Arten von Quecksilberthermometern, ihre Verwendung und Behandlung. - α) Die Psychrometer. - β) Die Maximumthermometer. - γ) Die Erdbodenthermometer. - δ) Oberflächenthermometer. - ε) Die Umkippthermometer. - ζ) Hypsometrische Thermometer. - η) Die Insolationsthermometer nach ARAGO-DAVY. - ϑ) Thermometer mit rot erscheinendem Quecksilberfaden. - ι) Das Kompensations-Normalthermometer nach SCHOTT. - ϰ) Die Kontaktthermometer. - λ) Zur Temperaturregistrierung mit Quecksilberthermometern. - 5. Störungen an Quecksilberthermometern und ihre Beseitigung. - c) Die Flüssigkeitsthermometer (Thermometer mit organischen Indikatoren). - 1. Prinzip und Aufbau. - 2. Fehlerquellen bei Flüssigkeitsthermometern. - α) Adhäsion· und Viskosität. - β) Kompressibilität, Gasabsorption und Überdestillieren der Anzeigeflüssigkeit. - γ) Das Zerreißen des Fadens. - δ) Der Einfluß von Farbstoff und Füllgas. - ε) Die zeitliche Veränderlichkeit der Füllflüssigkeiten. - 3. Die verschiedenen Flüssigkeitsthermometer, ihre Verwendung und Behandlung. - α) Das Minimumthermometer. - β) Das Flugzeugthermometer. - γ) Das Extremthermometer. - δ) Zeitlich beständige und dauerhaft eichfähige Rotthermometer. - 4. Störungen an Flüssigkeitsthermometern und ihre Beseitigung. - d) Deformationsthermometer. - 1. Die Bimetallthermometer. - 2. Das BOURDON-Thermometer. - 3. Trägheit der Deformationsthermometer. - 4. Fehlerquellen bei Deformationsthermometern. - 5. Die verschiedenen Deformationsthermometer, ihre Verwendung und Behandlung. - α) Der Thermoregulator. - β) Thermographen. - γ) Fernthermographen. - 6. Störungen an Deformationsthermometern. - e) Widerstandsthermometer. - 1. Prinzip. - 2. Aufbau der Widerstandsthermometer. - 3. Die Messung mit Widerstandsthermometern. - 4. Die Schreibgeräte. - 5. Betriebsstörungen und deren Beseitigung. - f) Thermoelemente. - 1. Prinzip. - 2. Aufbau und Einstellgeschwindigkeit. - 3. Temperatur-Meßmethoden mit Thermoelementen. - 4. Fehlerquellen. - g ) Prüfmethoden. - Anhang: Instrumente zur Messung der klimatischen Abkühlungsgröße. - II. Meßgeräte der Sonnen- und Himmelsstrahlung. -A. Photometrische Meßmethoden / von Professor Dr. W. Kühl (Mit 24 Abbildungen). - Literatur. - a) Allgemeines und Grundsätzliches über Photometrie. Visuelle und allgememe, objektive Methoden. - 1. Photometrische Grundbegriffe und Beziehungen. - 2. Lichteinheiten, Normal- und Vergleichslampen. - 3. Photometrische Meßtechnik. - 4. Filtergläser. - α) Mattweiße Flächen, Milch- und Mattglasplatten. - β) Klargläser und Spiegel. - b) Photometrie im engeren Sinne. (Visuelle oder Augenphotometrie). - 1. Das Auge als Meßinstrument. - 2. Technik der visuellen Photometer. - 3. Meteorologisch benutzte Photometer. - 4. Relativ-Photometer. - 5. Helligkeitsmesser. - 6. Photometer nach dem Pyrometer-Prinzip. - c) Lichtelektrische Photometer. - 1. Allgemeines über lichtelektrische Wirkung, Geschichtliches. - 2. Außerer photoelektrischer Effekt. - 3. Besonderheiten der benutzten Metalle. - 4. Allgemeines über Hilfsapparaturen zur Zelle. - 5. Ausgeführte Formen von Zellenphotometern. - Das Spektralaktinometer von ALT und GOLDSCHMIDT. - 6. Halbleiter- (Sperrschicht-) Photozellen. - 7. Registriereinrichtungen für Photozellen. - d) Chemische Messungen der Intensität des Lichtes. - B. Die kalorimetrischen Meßmethoden der atmosphärischen Strahlungsforschung / von Dr. F. Albrecht (Mit 46 Abbildungen). - Wichtige allgemeine Literatur. - a) Einleitende Vorbemerkungen. - 1. Allgemeines über den Gegenstand der atmosphärischen Strahlungsforschung, die Meßprinzipien und die Einteilung der dazu benutzten Apparate. - 2. Die Meßorgane für die Bestimmung der Strahlungswärme. - α) Die Flüssigkeitsthermometer. - β) Die mechanischen Thermometer. - γ) Die elektrischen Thermometer. - 3. Die Methoden der elektrischen Strommessung. - 4. Die Schwärzungen. - 5. Weiße, blanke und durchsichtige Oberflächen. - 6. Die Filter für kalorimetrische Strahlungsmeßgeräte. -b) Die Meßgeräte der direkten Sonnenstrahlung. - 1. Die Aufgaben der Sonnenstrahlungsmessungen. - 2. Theorie und Aufbau der Apparate. - 3. Öffnungswinkel, Diaphragmen, Sucher und Stative. - 4. Die Entwicklung der absoluten Meßgeräte der direkten Sonnenstrahlung (Pyrheliometer) bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. - 5. Die heute gebräuchlichen absoluten Meßgeräte der direkten Sonnenstrahlung (Pyrheliometer). - 6. Die relativen Meßgeräte der direkten Sonnenstrahlung (Aktmometer) mit unkompensiertem Nullpunktsgang. - 7. Die relativen Meßgeräte der direkten Sonnenstrahlung (Aktmometer) rmt kompensiertem Nullpunktsgang. - 8. Spektralaktinometer. - c) Die Meßgeräte der kurzwelligen diffusen Strahlung des ganzen Himmels und der Reflexstrahlung an der Erdoberfläche (Pyranometer). - 1. Allgemeine Theorie. - 2. Äußerer Aufbau der Apparate. - 3. Das Schwarzkugelthermometer. - 4. Die Schwarzflächenpyranometer. - 5. Die Pyranometer mit schwarzen und weißen Flächen. - d) Meßgeräte zur Messung bzw. Mitmessung der Temperaturstrahlung der Luft und der Erde (Pyrgeometer und Effektivpyranometer). - 1. Allgemeine Theorie. - 2. Die Meßprinzipien der Ausstrahlungsmeßgeräte. - 3. Die Pyrgeometer. - 4. Effektivpyranometer. - 5. Die Ausstrahlungsaktinometer. - e) Meßgeräte der Wärmebilanz der Erdoberfläche. - 1. Allgemeines. - 2. Die Strahlungsbilanzmesser. - 3. Die Wärmeumsatzmesser. - 4. Die Meßgeräte für den Wärmeumsatz zwischen Luft und Erdoberfläche. - C. Die Sonnenscheinautographen / von Dr. F. Albrecht, (Mit 11 Abbildungen). - Zusammenfassende Darstellung. - a) Allgemeines. - b) Die Sonnenscheinautographen mit kalorischer Sonnenwirkung. - c) Die Sonnenscheinautographen mit photochemischer Wirkung. - III. Die Messung der Luftfeuchtigkeit und der Verdunstung. - A. Grundbegriffe und abgeleitete Ausdrücke für den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Luft / von Professor Dr. M. Robitzsch. - Allgemeine und zusammenfassende Darstellungen. - Bezeichnungen. - 1. Das Maßsystem für den Wasserdampfgehalt der Luft. - 2. Rechengrößen. - B. Meßgeräte auf thermodynamischer Grundlage / von Professor Dr. M. Robitzsch, (Mit 10 Abbildungen). - a) Theoretische Betrachtungen. - 1. Allgemeines. - 2. Die Katathermometer. - 3. Das Psychrometer. - α) Zur Theorie des Psychrometers. - β) Das Psychrometer als Hilfsmittel zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Feuchtigkeit und der äquivalenten Temperaturdifferenz. - γ) Das Psychrometer bei Feuchttemperaturen unter dem Gefrierpunkt. - 4. Das feuchte Thermometer als Meßgerät für den Gesamtwärmeinhalt feuchter Luft. - 5. Die physioklimatische Bedeutung der Feuchttemperatur. - 6. Verdunstung und Kondensation (Sublimation). - 7. Kondensationshygrometer. - 8. Ventilationsgröße und Ventilationsfaktor. - b) Spezieller Teil (Instrumentenbeschreibung). - 1. Katathermometer. - 2. Psychrometer. - 3. Kondensationshygrometer. - 4. Verdunstungsmesser (Atmometer, Evaporimeter). - C. Haarhygrometrie und Absorptionshygrometrie / von Dr. Walter Grundmann, (Mit 16 Abbildungen). - a) Haarhygrometrie. - 1. Allgemeines. - α) Hygroskopie und Quellung. - β) Verhalten des menschlichen und tierischen Haares. - γ) Vorbehandlung der Haare. - δ) Einfluß der Temperatur. - ε) Der Einfluß von Staub, Dämpfen usw. - ζ) Trägheit. - η) Regeneration der Haare. - ϑ) Einfluß gewaltsamer Dehnung. - 2. Die heute gebräuchlichen Haarhygrometer. - α) Hygrometer nach KOPPE. - β) Das Stationshygrometer nach BONGARDSγ) Wand- und Dosenhygrometer. - δ) Das Hygrometer mit Thermometer nach M. ROBITZSCH. - ε) Punkthygrometer. - ζ) Das Erdoberfläc
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  • 2
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    Plant community response to Artemisia rothrockii (sagebrush) encroachment and removal along an arid elevational gradient (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Shrub expansion into alpine ecosystems raises important questions regarding their impact on biodiversity. The stress gradient hypothesis predicts interactions will be competitive when resources are plentiful, but facilitative when conditions are stressful. Along an elevational gradient of contrasting temperature and moisture stress, we observed the greatest inhibitory effects of sagebrush at high and low elevations, but no evidence of facilitation. Abstract Questions Shrub expansion into alpine ecosystems worldwide raises important questions regarding the influence of shrub encroachment on alpine species diversity. The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts interactions will be competitive when resources are plentiful and the environment is benign, but that facilitative interactions will dominate when conditions are stressful. We asked how Artemisia rothrockii (sagebrush) encroachment in an arid mountain range is affecting alpine plant species there and how the plant community responds to the experimental removal of sagebrush at three sites along an elevational gradient. Location The White Mountains, California, USA (37°30′N, 118°10′W). Methods A shrub removal experiment was established at three elevations (2,900, 3,100 and 3,750 m) to evaluate how sagebrush interacts with alpine and sub‐alpine plant communities. Results The study sites experienced a strong drought over the 4 yrs of the experiment and plant cover declined overall. However, in the sagebrush removal treatment, cover of co‐occurring species increased at both the high‐elevation and low‐elevation sites, with no differences observed at the mid‐elevation site. Conclusions We observed the greatest inhibitory effects of sagebrush at high and low elevations, where plants experience the largest temperature and moisture stress, respectively, and no evidence of facilitation anywhere along the elevational gradient. These results demonstrate that while sagebrush has important influences on herbaceous species composition in the White Mountains, they are inconsistent with the classic predictions of the SGH.
    Print ISSN: 1100-9233
    Electronic ISSN: 1654-1103
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS).
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  • 3
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    Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States (2017)
    Nathan D. Grubaugh; Jason T. Ladner; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Gytis Dudas; Amanda L. Tan; Karthik Gangavarapu; Michael R. Wiley; Stephen White; Julien ThézéDiogo M. Magnani; Karla Prieto; Daniel Reyes; Andrea M. Bingham; Lauren M. Paul; Refugio Robles-Sikisaka; Glenn Oliveira; Darryl Pronty; Carolyn M. Barcellona; Hayden C. Metsky; Mary Lynn Baniecki; Kayla G. Barnes; Bridget Chak; Catherine A. Freije; Adrianne Gladden-Young; Andreas Gnirke; Cynthia Luo; Bronwyn Mac; Innis; Christian B. Matranga; Daniel J. Park; James Qu; Stephen F. Schaffner; Christopher Tomkins-Tinch; Kendra L. West; Sarah M. Winnicki; Shirlee Wohl; Nathan L. Yozwiak; Joshua Quick; Joseph R. Fauver; Kamran Khan; Shannon E. Brent; Robert C. Reiner; Paola N. Lichtenberger; Michael J. Ricciardi; Varian K. Bailey; David I. Watkins; Marshall R. Cone; Edgar W. Kopp; Kelly N. Hogan; Andrew C. Cannons; Reynald Jean; Andrew J. Monaghan; Robert F. Garry; Nicholas J. Loman; Nuno R. Faria; Mario C. Porcelli; Chalmers Vasquez; Elyse R. Nagle; Derek A. T. Cummings; Danielle Stanek; Andrew Rambaut; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Pardis C. Sabeti; Leah D. Gillis; Scott F. Michael; Trevor Bedford; Oliver G. Pybus; Sharon Isern; Gustavo Palacios; Kristian G. Andersen
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States Nature 546, 7658 (2017). doi:10.1038/nature22400 Authors: Nathan D. Grubaugh, Jason T. Ladner, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Gytis Dudas, Amanda L. Tan, Karthik Gangavarapu, Michael R. Wiley, Stephen White, Julien Thézé, Diogo M. Magnani, Karla Prieto, Daniel Reyes, Andrea M. Bingham, Lauren M. Paul, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Glenn Oliveira, Darryl Pronty, Carolyn M. Barcellona, Hayden C. Metsky, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Kayla G. Barnes, Bridget Chak, Catherine A. Freije, Adrianne Gladden-Young, Andreas Gnirke, Cynthia Luo, Bronwyn MacInnis, Christian B. Matranga, Daniel J. Park, James Qu, Stephen F. Schaffner, Christopher Tomkins-Tinch, Kendra L. West, Sarah M. Winnicki, Shirlee Wohl, Nathan L. Yozwiak, Joshua Quick, Joseph R. Fauver, Kamran Khan, Shannon E. Brent, Robert C. Reiner, Paola N. Lichtenberger, Michael J. Ricciardi, Varian K. Bailey, David I. Watkins, Marshall R. Cone, Edgar W. Kopp, Kelly N. Hogan, Andrew C. Cannons, Reynald Jean, Andrew J. Monaghan, Robert F. Garry, Nicholas J. Loman, Nuno R. Faria, Mario C. Porcelli, Chalmers Vasquez, Elyse R. Nagle, Derek A. T. Cummings, Danielle Stanek, Andrew Rambaut, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Pardis C. Sabeti, Leah D. Gillis, Scott F. Michael, Trevor Bedford, Oliver G. Pybus, Sharon Isern, Gustavo Palacios & Kristian G. Andersen Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital abnormalities. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was reported in the continental United States; since then, hundreds of locally acquired infections have been reported in Florida. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of ZIKV introduction, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Florida by sequencing ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least 4 introductions, but potentially as many as 40, contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission is likely to have started in the spring of 2016—several months before its initial detection. By analysing surveillance and genetic data, we show that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions were linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in new regions.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas (2017)
    Hayden C. Metsky; Christian B. Matranga; Shirlee Wohl; Stephen F. Schaffner; Catherine A. Freije; Sarah M. Winnicki; Kendra West; James Qu; Mary Lynn Baniecki; Adrianne Gladden-Young; Aaron E. Lin; Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch; Simon H. Ye; Daniel J. Park; Cynthia Y. Luo; Kayla G. Barnes; Rickey R. Shah; Bridget Chak; Giselle Barbosa-Lima; Edson Delatorre; Yasmine R. Vieira; Lauren M. Paul; Amanda L. Tan; Carolyn M. Barcellona; Mario C. Porcelli; Chalmers Vasquez; Andrew C. Cannons; Marshall R. Cone; Kelly N. Hogan; Edgar W. Kopp; Joshua J. Anzinger; Kimberly F. Garcia; Leda A. Parham; Rosa M. Gélvez Ramírez; Maria C. Miranda Montoya; Diana P. Rojas; Catherine M. Brown; Scott Hennigan; Brandon Sabina; Sarah Scotland; Karthik Gangavarapu; Nathan D. Grubaugh; Glenn Oliveira; Refugio Robles-Sikisaka; Andrew Rambaut; Lee Gehrke; Sandra Smole; M. Elizabeth Halloran; Luis Villar; Salim Mattar; Ivette Lorenzana; Jose Cerbino-Neto; Clarissa Valim; Wim Degrave; Patricia T. Bozza; Andreas Gnirke; Kristian G. Andersen; Sharon Isern; Scott F. Michael; Fernando A. Bozza; Thiago M. L. Souza; Irene Bosch; Nathan L. Yozwiak; Bronwyn L. Mac; Innis; Pardis C. Sabeti
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Description: Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas Nature 546, 7658 (2017). doi:10.1038/nature22402 Authors: Hayden C. Metsky, Christian B. Matranga, Shirlee Wohl, Stephen F. Schaffner, Catherine A. Freije, Sarah M. Winnicki, Kendra West, James Qu, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Adrianne Gladden-Young, Aaron E. Lin, Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch, Simon H. Ye, Daniel J. Park, Cynthia Y. Luo, Kayla G. Barnes, Rickey R. Shah, Bridget Chak, Giselle Barbosa-Lima, Edson Delatorre, Yasmine R. Vieira, Lauren M. Paul, Amanda L. Tan, Carolyn M. Barcellona, Mario C. Porcelli, Chalmers Vasquez, Andrew C. Cannons, Marshall R. Cone, Kelly N. Hogan, Edgar W. Kopp, Joshua J. Anzinger, Kimberly F. Garcia, Leda A. Parham, Rosa M. Gélvez Ramírez, Maria C. Miranda Montoya, Diana P. Rojas, Catherine M. Brown, Scott Hennigan, Brandon Sabina, Sarah Scotland, Karthik Gangavarapu, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Glenn Oliveira, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Andrew Rambaut, Lee Gehrke, Sandra Smole, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Luis Villar, Salim Mattar, Ivette Lorenzana, Jose Cerbino-Neto, Clarissa Valim, Wim Degrave, Patricia T. Bozza, Andreas Gnirke, Kristian G. Andersen, Sharon Isern, Scott F. Michael, Fernando A. Bozza, Thiago M. L. Souza, Irene Bosch, Nathan L. Yozwiak, Bronwyn L. MacInnis & Pardis C. Sabeti Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention, much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Shifts in plant species elevational range limits and abundances observed over nearly five decades in a western North America mountain range (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-26
    Description: Question Have there been shifts in abundance and distribution of alpine and sub-alpine plant species along an elevational gradient in an arid North American mountain range during the last half-century? Location Elevational gradient in the White Mountains, California, USA (37°30′ N, 118°10′ W). Methods We conducted a 49-yr re-survey of plant species distribution and abundance in areas originally surveyed in 1961. Species abundance data were collected along line transects between elevations of 2900 and 4000 m. We evaluated the degree of plant community shift over time across elevations; specifically, we expected species ranges to shift upward such that species peak abundances would be observed higher in elevation in 2010 than in 1961. To address this expectation we conducted a permutational multivariate linear model analysis with elevation, soil type and year as factors. We further performed single-species analyses to evaluate how focal species contributed to the multivariate community-level shifts between 2010 and 1961, and how these varied across elevations and soil types. Growing season climate data (June 1 through October 31) collected between 1961 and 2010 were analysed to quantify the change in annual mean temperature and precipitation at this site. Results We found that Artemisia rothrockii increased in abundance at the upper reaches of its distribution between the 2010 and 1961 surveys. Additionally, we recorded significant declines in abundances in the lower elevation ranges of three alpine cushion plants: Trifolium andersonii, Phlox condensata and Eriogonum ovalifolium . These shifts coincided with a 0.98 °C increase in mean growing season temperatures and a 53 mm decrease in mean annual precipitation between 1961 and 2010. Conclusions These results suggest that rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation are negatively impacting alpine plant species while promoting expansion of sub-alpine species, possibly signalling the transition of this alpine plant community to sagebrush steppe. We conducted a 49-yr re-survey of plant communities in California's White Mountains. We found that sagebrush increased in abundance at the upper elevations of its distribution while there were significant declines in abundances at the lower elevation ranges of three alpine cushion plants. These shifts occurred during a period when temperatures increased and precipitation declined at this location.
    Print ISSN: 1100-9233
    Electronic ISSN: 1654-1103
    Topics: Biology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a biologically active fluorescent muramyl dipeptide congener (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 26 (1983), S. 1729-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00366a014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of fluorescent muramyl dipeptide congeners. 2 (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 31 (1988), S. 2022-2024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00118a029
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small-signal equivalent-circuit model for GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs resonant tunneling heterostructures at microwave frequencies (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper presents a study of the microwave impedance of GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs resonant tunneling heterostructures. An equivalent-circuit model is proposed that accounts for the frequency variation of the measured impedance and whose elements correspond to physical phenomena believed to be present in the device. Empirical formulas are obtained which can be used to calculate the values of the equivalent-circuit elements from the structural parameters and the dc current-voltage characteristics of the device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338872
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEM combined with Al"xGa"1"-"xAs As marker layers as a technique for the study of GaAs MBE growth
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultramicroscopy 18 (1985), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3991(85)90155-X
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