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  • 1
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    Facilitation of spinal NMDA receptor currents by spillover of synaptically released glycine (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: In the mammalian CNS, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors serve prominent roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including pain transmission. For full activation, NMDA receptors require the binding of glycine. It is not known whether the brain uses changes in extracellular glycine to modulate synaptic NMDA responses. Here, we show that synaptically released glycine facilitates NMDA receptor currents in the superficial dorsal horn, an area critically involved in pain processing. During high presynaptic activity, glycine released from inhibitory interneurons escapes the synaptic cleft and reaches nearby NMDA receptors by so-called spillover. In vivo, this process may contribute to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Muth-Selbach, Uta -- Lauterbach, Andreas -- Lipfert, Peter -- Neuhuber, Winfried L -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glycine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Serine/pharmacology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Short Communications: Variation in soil carbon stock and nutrient content in sand dunes after afforestation by Prosopis juliflora in the Khuzestan province (Iran) (2018)
    Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: Moradi M, Imani F, Naji HR, Moradi Behbahani S, Ahmadi MT VARIATION IN SOIL CARBON STOCK AND NUTRIENT CONTENT IN SAND DUNES AFTER AFFORESTATION BY PROSOPIS JULIFLORA IN THE KHUZESTAN PROVINCE (IRAN) Abstract : Prosopis juliflora is one of the suitable tree species used as vegetation cover for sand dunes fixation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of P. juliflora afforestation and its canopy coverage classes on soil carbon (C) stock and nutrient status in sand dunes after 22 years since afforestation. We hypothesized that increasing the canopy coverage would result in higher soil C stocks and nutrient content. We selected two 10-ha afforested sand dunes with 25-50% and more than 75% canopy coverage, respectively, and a 10-ha non-afforested dune (control). At each site, 15 soil samples were taken at two depths (0-5 cm and 5-50 cm). The results indicated a strong increase in the topsoil C stock (from 0.54 to 4.49 tC ha-1 in control and afforested sites, respectively), while a lower change in subsoil C stock was detected (3.0 and 4.6 tC ha-1 in control and afforested sites, respectively). Although, different canopy classes resulted in no significant differences in soil C stock, significant differences were observed for all the soil physico-chemical properties that were studied. Keywords : Canopy Coverage, Carbon Stock, Soil Physico-chemical, C/N Ratio iForest 10 (3): 585-589 (2017) - doi: 10.3832/ifor2137-010 http://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor2137-010
    Electronic ISSN: 1971-7458
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
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  • 3
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    Reversal of pathological pain through specific spinal GABAA receptor subtypes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: Inflammatory diseases and neuropathic insults are frequently accompanied by severe and debilitating pain, which can become chronic and often unresponsive to conventional analgesic treatment. A loss of synaptic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn is considered to contribute significantly to this pain pathology. Facilitation of spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission through modulation of GABA(A) receptors should be able to compensate for this loss. With the use of GABA(A)-receptor point-mutated knock-in mice in which specific GABA(A) receptor subtypes have been selectively rendered insensitive to benzodiazepine-site ligands, we show here that pronounced analgesia can be achieved by specifically targeting spinal GABA(A) receptors containing the alpha2 and/or alpha3 subunits. We show that their selective activation by the non-sedative ('alpha1-sparing') benzodiazepine-site ligand L-838,417 (ref. 13) is highly effective against inflammatory and neuropathic pain yet devoid of unwanted sedation, motor impairment and tolerance development. L-838,417 not only diminished the nociceptive input to the brain but also reduced the activity of brain areas related to the associative-emotional components of pain, as shown by functional magnetic resonance imaging in rats. These results provide a rational basis for the development of subtype-selective GABAergic drugs for the treatment of chronic pain, which is often refractory to classical analgesics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knabl, Julia -- Witschi, Robert -- Hosl, Katharina -- Reinold, Heiko -- Zeilhofer, Ulrike B -- Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Brockhaus, Johannes -- Sergejeva, Marina -- Hess, Andreas -- Brune, Kay -- Fritschy, Jean-Marc -- Rudolph, Uwe -- Mohler, Hanns -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):330-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/administration & dosage/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Capsaicin/pharmacology ; Chronic Disease/drug therapy ; Diazepam/administration & dosage/metabolism/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluorobenzenes/metabolism/pharmacology ; Formaldehyde ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Inflammation/chemically induced/drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Pain/chemically induced/*drug therapy/*metabolism/prevention & control ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Triazoles/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    GlyR alpha3: an essential target for spinal PGE2-mediated inflammatory pain sensitization (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Robert J -- Depner, Ulrike B -- Wassle, Heinz -- Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Heindl, Cornelia -- Reinold, Heiko -- Smart, Trevor G -- Harvey, Kirsten -- Schutz, Burkhard -- Abo-Salem, Osama M -- Zimmer, Andreas -- Poisbeau, Pierrick -- Welzl, Hans -- Wolfer, David P -- Betz, Heinrich -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- Muller, Ulrike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Glycine/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Posterior Horn Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Glycine/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; Zymosan
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Colloidal Platinum Nanoparticles (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: The shapes and sizes of platinum nanoparticles were controlled by changes in the ratio of the concentration of the capping polymer material to the concentration of the platinum cations used in the reductive synthesis of colloidal particles in solution at room temperature. Tetrahedral, cubic, irregular-prismatic, icosahedral, and cubo-octahedral particle shapes were observed, whose distribution was dependent on the concentration ratio of the capping polymer material to the platinum cation. Controlling the shape of platinum nanoparticles is potentially important in the field of catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmadi -- Wang -- Green -- Henglein -- El-Sayed -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1924-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉T. S. Ahmadi, T. C. Green, M. A. El-Sayed, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. Z. L. Wang, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. A. Henglein, Hahn-Meitner Institut, Abteilung Kleinteilchenforschung, 14109 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma with Trapped and Superthermal Electrons (2014)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1009-0630
    Electronic ISSN: 2058-6272
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 7
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    Protection and thermal management of thermoelectric generator system using phase change materials: An experimental investigation (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0360-5442
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6785
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    An investigation on linear optical properties of dilute Cr doped ZnO thin films synthesized via sol–gel process (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-8388
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4669
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    An Initial Proteomic Analysis of Human Preterm Labor:  Placental Membranes (2006)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-19
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations Among Bone Mineral Density, Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation, Mechanical Indentation Testing, and Bone Orientation in Bovine Femoral Neck Samples (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 181 -186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: BMD — BUA—Mechanical properties — DXA.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcaneus has been found to correlate with bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists among femoral neck BUA, femoral neck BMD, and incremental indent depth, a qualitative indicator of local mechanical bone strength, in bovine samples, and if this correlation is dependent upon orientation. For 12 of the bovine samples obtained, BUA was measured at the femoral neck and was followed by a BMD determination of the same area. A 19 mm diameter bicortical core containing the center of the area of interest was removed, transversely cut into 7 mm, thick disks, and tested for hardness by indent depth. For these tests, BMD was well correlated with BUA (R2= 0.85, P 〈 0.001). An inversely proportional relationship with a modest correlation was found between indent depth and BMD (R2= 0.59, P= 0.026), and indent depth and BUA (R2= 0.57, P= 0.031). In a second set of tests involving 15 different bovine samples, a bicortical core was removed from the femoral neck. A trabecular bone cube measuring 1.5 cm on a side was removed from the center of the core. BUA and BMD measurements were made along the anterior–posterior (AP), medial–lateral (ML), and cephalic–caudal (CC) aspects of the cube. The cubes were randomly separated into three groups, cut in half perpendicular to the axis of interest, and tested for hardness by indent depth. In these tests, no significant difference was found in BMD among the three orientations of the cubes scanned (P= 0.77). In contrast, the BUA along the ML orientation of the cube was significantly greater than that along the AP orientation (P 〈 0.05). No significant difference was found in the incremental indent depth measurements among cube orientations (P= 0.41). In the test involving only trabecular bone, a much higher correlation between BMD and incremental indent depth was found regardless of cube orientation (R2= 0.64, P 〈 0.001). The data indicate that BUA, but not BMD, is affected by trabecular orientation, and that BMD is negatively correlated with incremental indent depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900211
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