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  • 1
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    Revisiting afro-alpine Lake Garba Guracha in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia: rationale, chronology, geochemistry, and paleoenvironmental implications (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Previous paleolimnological studies demonstrated that the sediments of Garba Guracha, situated at 3950 m asl in the afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, provide a complete Late Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate and environmental archive. We revisited Garba Guracha in order to retrieve new sediment cores and to apply new environmental proxies, e.g. charcoal, diatoms, biomarkers, and stable isotopes. Our chronology is established using 210Pb dating and radiocarbon dating of bulk sedimentary organic matter, bulk n-alkanes, and charcoal. Although bedrock was not reached during coring, basal ages confirm that sedimentation started at the earliest ~ 16 cal kyr BP. The absence of a systematic age offset for the n-alkanes suggests that “pre-aging” is not a prominent issue in this lake, which is characterised by a very small afro-alpine catchment. X-ray fluorescence scans and total organic carbon contents show a prominent transition from minerogenic to organic-rich sediments around 11 cal kyr BP coinciding with the Holocene onset. While an unambiguous terrestrial versus aquatic source identification seems challenging, the n-alkane-based Paq proxy, TOC/N ratios, δ13C values, and the sugar biomarker patterns suggest a predominantly autochthonous organic matter source. Supraregional climate events, such as the African Humid Period, the Younger Dryas (YD), a 6.5 cal kyr BP short drying event, and the 4.2 cal kyr BP transition to overall drier climate are recorded in our archive. The Garba Guracha record suggests that northern hemisphere forcings played a role in the Eastern African highland paleoclimate.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Paleolimnology ; Afro-alpine ; Radiocarbon dating ; XRF scanning ; Sedimentation rate ; Biomarkers
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Localization of a short-term memory in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: Memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. The search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. However, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. The rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the Drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a component of olfactory short-term memory. This demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in a small brain region can be sufficient for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zars, T -- Fischer, M -- Schulz, R -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor Boveri Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, (Biozentrum) Am Hubland, D97074, Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Mutation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Smell ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Is free will an illusion? (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heisenberg, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):164-5. doi: 10.1038/459164a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology at the University of Wurzburg, Germany. heisenberg@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Decision Making/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; *Personal Autonomy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Visual pattern recognition in Drosophila is invariant for retinal position (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Vision relies on constancy mechanisms. Yet, these are little understood, because they are difficult to investigate in freely moving organisms. One such mechanism, translation invariance, enables organisms to recognize visual patterns independent of the region of their visual field where they had originally seen them. Tethered flies (Drosophila melanogaster) in a flight simulator can recognize visual patterns. Because their eyes are fixed in space and patterns can be displayed in defined parts of their visual field, they can be tested for translation invariance. Here, we show that flies recognize patterns at retinal positions where the patterns had not been presented before.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Shiming -- Wolf, Reinhard -- Xu, Shuping -- Heisenberg, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1020-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, P.R. China. tang-shm@sohu.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Perception ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Learning ; Orientation ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Retina/physiology ; Size Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Associative odor learning in Drosophila abolished by chemical ablation of mushroom bodies (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: The corpora pedunculata, or mushroom bodies (MBs), in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster adults consist of approximately 2500 parallel Kenyon cell fibers derived from four MB neuroblasts. Hydroxyurea fed to newly hatched larvae selectively deletes these cells, resulting in complete, precise MB albation. Adult flies developing without MBs behave normally in most respects, but are unable to perform in a classical conditioning paradigm that tests associative learning of odor cues and electric shock. This deficit cannot be attributed to reductions in olfactory sensitivity, shock reactivity, or locomotor behavior. The results demonstrate that MBs mediate associative odor learning in flies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Belle, J S -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):692-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor-Boveri-Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Association Learning ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Odors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of defective bacteriophage particles by fr amber mutants (II)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 27 (1967), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(67)80051-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of defective bacteriophage particles by fr amber mutants (II)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 27 (1967), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(67)80051-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new paradigm for operant conditioning of Drosophila melanogaster (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Place learning ; Reversal learning ; Mutant analysis ; Mutant screen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A freely walking single fly (Drosophila melanogaster) can be conditioned to avoid one side of a small test chamber if the chamber is heated whenever the fly enters this side. In a subsequent memory test without heat it keeps avoiding the heat-associated side. The memory mutants dunce 1 and rutabaga 1 successfully avoid the heated side but show no avoidance in the memory test. Wildtype flies can be trained to successively avoid alternating sides in a reversal conditioning experiment. Every single fly shows strong avoidance and a positive memory score. The new conditioning apparatus has several advantages: (1) Statistically significant learning scores can be obtained for individual flies. (2) Learning scores are obtained fully automatically without interference of the experimenter. (3) The procedure is fast, robust and requires little handling. Therefore the apparatus is suitable for largescale mutant screening. (4) Animals are not attached to a hook and thus can easily be used for breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194996
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central complex substructures are required for the maintenance of locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Motivational control ; Protocerebral bridge ; Fan-shape body ; Noduli ; Spontaneous walking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, former studies based on structural brain mutants have suggested that the central complex is a higher control center of locomotor behavior. Continuing this investigation we studied the effect of the central complex on the temporal structure of spontaneous locomotor activity in the time domain of a few hours. In an attempt to dissect the internal circuitry of the central complex we perturbed a putative local neuronal network connecting the four neuropil regions of the central complex, the protocerebral bridge, the fan-shape body, the noduli and the ellipsoid body. Two independent and non-invasive methods were applied: mutations affecting the neuroarchitecture of the protocerebral bridge, and the targeted expression of tetanus toxin in small subsets of central complex neurons using the binary enhancer trap P[GAL4] system. All groups of flies with a disturbed component of this network exhibited a common phenotype: a drastic decrease in locomotor activity. While locomotor activity was still clustered in bouts and these were initiated at the normal rate, their duration was reduced. This finding suggests that the bridge and some of its neural connections to the other neuropil regions of the central complex are required for the maintenance but not the initiation of walking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050387
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reafferent control of optomotor yaw torque inDrosophila melanogaster (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 163 (1988), S. 373-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the flight simulator the optomotor response ofDrosophila melanogaster does not operate as a simple feedback loop. Reafferent and exafferent motion stimuli are processed differently. Under open-loop conditions responses to motion are weaker than under closed-loop conditions. It takes the fly less than 100 ms to distinguish reafferent from exafferent motion. In closed-loop conditions, flies constantly generate torque fluctuations leading to small-angle oscillations of the panorama. This reafferent motion stimulus facilitates the response to exafferent motion but does not itself elicit optomotor responses. Reafference control appears to be directionally selective: while a displacement of the patternm by as little as 0.1° against the ‘expected’ direction leads to a fast syndirectional torque response, displacements in the ‘expected’ direction have no comparable effect. Based on the behavior of the mutantrol sol, which under open-loop conditions is directionally motion-blind but in closed-loop conditions still performs optomotor balance, a model is proposed in which the fly's endogenous torque fluctuations are an essential part of the course control process. It is argued that the model may also account for wild type optomotor balance in the flight simulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00604013
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