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  • Amino Acid Sequence  (316)
  • Cell Line  (313)
  • Pregnancy
  • Time Factors
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (971)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2010-2014  (472)
  • 1980-1984  (499)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    Ecology. The Seven Ages of Pan (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    PRDM9 is a major determinant of meiotic recombination hotspots in humans and mice (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: Meiotic recombination events cluster into narrow segments of the genome, defined as hotspots. Here, we demonstrate that a major player for hotspot specification is the Prdm9 gene. First, two mouse strains that differ in hotspot usage are polymorphic for the zinc finger DNA binding array of PRDM9. Second, the human consensus PRDM9 allele is predicted to recognize the 13-mer motif enriched at human hotspots; this DNA binding specificity is verified by in vitro studies. Third, allelic variants of PRDM9 zinc fingers are significantly associated with variability in genome-wide hotspot usage among humans. Our results provide a molecular basis for the distribution of meiotic recombination in mammals, in which the binding of PRDM9 to specific DNA sequences targets the initiation of recombination at specific locations in the genome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295902/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295902/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baudat, F -- Buard, J -- Grey, C -- Fledel-Alon, A -- Ober, C -- Przeworski, M -- Coop, G -- de Massy, B -- 03S1/PHS HHS/ -- GM83098/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD21244/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL085197/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083098/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD021244/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL085197/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):836-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1183439. Epub 2009 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique Humaine, UPR1142, CNRS, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Differential arginylation of actin isoforms is regulated by coding sequence-dependent degradation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: The mammalian cytoskeletal proteins beta- and gamma-actin are highly homologous, but only beta-actin is amino-terminally arginylated in vivo, which regulates its function. We examined the metabolic fate of exogenously expressed arginylated and nonarginylated actin isoforms. Arginylated gamma-actin, unlike beta-, was highly unstable and was selectively ubiquitinated and degraded in vivo. This instability was regulated by the differences in the nucleotide coding sequence between the two actin isoforms, which conferred different translation rates. gamma-actin was translated more slowly than beta-actin, and this slower processing resulted in the exposure of a normally hidden lysine residue for ubiquitination, leading to the preferential degradation of gamma-actin upon arginylation. This degradation mechanism, coupled to nucleotide coding sequence, may regulate protein arginylation in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Fangliang -- Saha, Sougata -- Shabalina, Svetlana A -- Kashina, Anna -- 5R01HL084419/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL084419/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL084419-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL084419-03S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1534-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1191701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Codon ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Folding ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Modification, Translational ; Protein Stability ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Signatures of adaptation to obligate biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baxter, Laura -- Tripathy, Sucheta -- Ishaque, Naveed -- Boot, Nico -- Cabral, Adriana -- Kemen, Eric -- Thines, Marco -- Ah-Fong, Audrey -- Anderson, Ryan -- Badejoko, Wole -- Bittner-Eddy, Peter -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- Chibucos, Marcus C -- Coates, Mary -- Dehal, Paramvir -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Dong, Suomeng -- Downton, Polly -- Dumas, Bernard -- Fabro, Georgina -- Fronick, Catrina -- Fuerstenberg, Susan I -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Gaulin, Elodie -- Govers, Francine -- Hughes, Linda -- Humphray, Sean -- Jiang, Rays H Y -- Judelson, Howard -- Kamoun, Sophien -- Kyung, Kim -- Meijer, Harold -- Minx, Patrick -- Morris, Paul -- Nelson, Joanne -- Phuntumart, Vipa -- Qutob, Dinah -- Rehmany, Anne -- Rougon-Cardoso, Alejandra -- Ryden, Peter -- Torto-Alalibo, Trudy -- Studholme, David -- Wang, Yuanchao -- Win, Joe -- Wood, Jo -- Clifton, Sandra W -- Rogers, Jane -- Van den Ackerveken, Guido -- Jones, Jonathan D G -- McDowell, John M -- Beynon, Jim -- Tyler, Brett M -- 079643/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/C509123/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E007120/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E024815/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E024882/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F0161901/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G015244/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- EP/F500025/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- T12144/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1549-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1195203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, CV35 9EF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*parasitology ; Enzymes/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Dosage ; Genes ; *Genome ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oomycetes/*genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity/physiology ; Phytophthora/genetics ; Plant Diseases/*parasitology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spores/physiology ; Synteny ; Virulence Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    Arsenic trioxide controls the fate of the PML-RARalpha oncoprotein by directly binding PML (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: Arsenic, an ancient drug used in traditional Chinese medicine, has attracted worldwide interest because it shows substantial anticancer activity in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exerts its therapeutic effect by promoting degradation of an oncogenic protein that drives the growth of APL cells, PML-RARalpha (a fusion protein containing sequences from the PML zinc finger protein and retinoic acid receptor alpha). PML and PML-RARalpha degradation is triggered by their SUMOylation, but the mechanism by which As2O3 induces this posttranslational modification is unclear. Here we show that arsenic binds directly to cysteine residues in zinc fingers located within the RBCC domain of PML-RARalpha and PML. Arsenic binding induces PML oligomerization, which increases its interaction with the small ubiquitin-like protein modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzyme UBC9, resulting in enhanced SUMOylation and degradation. The identification of PML as a direct target of As2O3 provides new insights into the drug's mechanism of action and its specificity for APL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xiao-Wei -- Yan, Xiao-Jing -- Zhou, Zi-Ren -- Yang, Fei-Fei -- Wu, Zi-Yu -- Sun, Hong-Bin -- Liang, Wen-Xue -- Song, Ai-Xin -- Lallemand-Breitenbach, Valerie -- Jeanne, Marion -- Zhang, Qun-Ye -- Yang, Huai-Yu -- Huang, Qiu-Hua -- Zhou, Guang-Biao -- Tong, Jian-Hua -- Zhang, Yan -- Wu, Ji-Hui -- Hu, Hong-Yu -- de The, Hugues -- Chen, Sai-Juan -- Chen, Zhu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1183424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/*metabolism ; Arsenicals/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy/genetics ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxazines/metabolism ; Oxides/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Covering a broad dynamic range: information processing at the erythropoietin receptor (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: Cell surface receptors convert extracellular cues into receptor activation, thereby triggering intracellular signaling networks and controlling cellular decisions. A major unresolved issue is the identification of receptor properties that critically determine processing of ligand-encoded information. We show by mathematical modeling of quantitative data and experimental validation that rapid ligand depletion and replenishment of the cell surface receptor are characteristic features of the erythropoietin (Epo) receptor (EpoR). The amount of Epo-EpoR complexes and EpoR activation integrated over time corresponds linearly to ligand input; this process is carried out over a broad range of ligand concentrations. This relation depends solely on EpoR turnover independent of ligand binding, which suggests an essential role of large intracellular receptor pools. These receptor properties enable the system to cope with basal and acute demand in the hematopoietic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Verena -- Schilling, Marcel -- Bachmann, Julie -- Baumann, Ute -- Raue, Andreas -- Maiwald, Thomas -- Timmer, Jens -- Klingmuller, Ursula -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1404-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184913. Epub 2010 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Endocytosis ; Epoetin Alfa ; Erythropoietin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Regulation of cellular metabolism by protein lysine acetylation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: Protein lysine acetylation has emerged as a key posttranslational modification in cellular regulation, in particular through the modification of histones and nuclear transcription regulators. We show that lysine acetylation is a prevalent modification in enzymes that catalyze intermediate metabolism. Virtually every enzyme in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the urea cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and glycogen metabolism was found to be acetylated in human liver tissue. The concentration of metabolic fuels, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, influenced the acetylation status of metabolic enzymes. Acetylation activated enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase in fatty acid oxidation and malate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle, inhibited argininosuccinate lyase in the urea cycle, and destabilized phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis. Our study reveals that acetylation plays a major role in metabolic regulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232675/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232675/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Shimin -- Xu, Wei -- Jiang, Wenqing -- Yu, Wei -- Lin, Yan -- Zhang, Tengfei -- Yao, Jun -- Zhou, Li -- Zeng, Yaxue -- Li, Hong -- Li, Yixue -- Shi, Jiong -- An, Wenlin -- Hancock, Susan M -- He, Fuchu -- Qin, Lunxiu -- Chin, Jason -- Yang, Pengyuan -- Chen, Xian -- Lei, Qunying -- Xiong, Yue -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- MC_U105181009/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A024_1008/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 CA065572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065572-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065572-14/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065572-15/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA108941/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA65572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM51586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1000-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1179689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/metabolism ; Acetylation ; Argininosuccinate Lyase/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Enoyl-CoA Hydratase/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Hepatocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Isomerases/metabolism ; Liver/enzymology/*metabolism ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxisomal Bifunctional Enzyme ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome ; Urea/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Video-rate molecular imaging in vivo with stimulated Raman scattering (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: Optical imaging in vivo with molecular specificity is important in biomedicine because of its high spatial resolution and sensitivity compared with magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy allows highly sensitive optical imaging based on vibrational spectroscopy without adding toxic or perturbative labels. However, SRS imaging in living animals and humans has not been feasible because light cannot be collected through thick tissues, and motion-blur arises from slow imaging based on backscattered light. In this work, we enable in vivo SRS imaging by substantially enhancing the collection of the backscattered signal and increasing the imaging speed by three orders of magnitude to video rate. This approach allows label-free in vivo imaging of water, lipid, and protein in skin and mapping of penetration pathways of topically applied drugs in mice and humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462359/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462359/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saar, Brian G -- Freudiger, Christian W -- Reichman, Jay -- Stanley, C Michael -- Holtom, Gary R -- Xie, X Sunney -- 1R01EB010244-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB010244/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB010244-02/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1368-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1197236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Epidermis/chemistry/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/physiology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Light ; Lipids ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Skin/blood supply/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*methods ; Time Factors ; Vitamin A/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    FAN1 acts with FANCI-FANCD2 to promote DNA interstrand cross-link repair (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by mutations in 13 Fanc genes and renders cells hypersensitive to DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) agents. A central event in the FA pathway is mono-ubiquitylation of the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) protein complex. Here, we characterize a previously unrecognized nuclease, Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), that promotes ICL repair in a manner strictly dependent on its ability to accumulate at or near sites of DNA damage and that relies on mono-ubiquitylation of the ID complex. Thus, the mono-ubiquitylated ID complex recruits the downstream repair protein FAN1 and facilitates the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Ting -- Ghosal, Gargi -- Yuan, Jingsong -- Chen, Junjie -- Huang, Jun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):693-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1192656. Epub 2010 Jul 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/*metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mitomycin/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Darwinian evolution of prions in cell culture (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: Prions are infectious proteins consisting mainly of PrP(Sc), a beta sheet-rich conformer of the normal host protein PrP(C), and occur in different strains. Strain identity is thought to be encoded by PrP(Sc) conformation. We found that biologically cloned prion populations gradually became heterogeneous by accumulating "mutants," and selective pressures resulted in the emergence of different mutants as major constituents of the evolving population. Thus, when transferred from brain to cultured cells, "cell-adapted" prions outcompeted their "brain-adapted" counterparts, and the opposite occurred when prions were returned from cells to brain. Similarly, the inhibitor swainsonine selected for a resistant substrain, whereas, in its absence, the susceptible substrain outgrew its resistant counterpart. Prions, albeit devoid of a nucleic acid genome, are thus subject to mutation and selective amplification.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848070/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848070/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Jiali -- Browning, Shawn -- Mahal, Sukhvir P -- Oelschlegel, Anja M -- Weissmann, Charles -- NS059543/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059543/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059543-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059543-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS067214/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):869-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1183218. Epub 2009 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectology, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; *PrPSc Proteins/chemistry/classification/pathogenicity ; Prion Diseases ; Prions/chemistry/classification/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Swainsonine/pharmacology
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  • 11
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    Sex determination in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: The genetics of sex determination remain mysterious in many organisms, including some that are otherwise well studied. Here we report the discovery and analysis of the mating-type locus of the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum. Three forms of a single genetic locus specify this species' three mating types: two versions of the locus are entirely different in sequence, and the third resembles a composite of the other two. Single, unrelated genes are sufficient to determine two of the mating types, whereas homologs of both these genes are required in the composite type. The key genes encode polypeptides that possess no recognizable similarity to established protein families. Sex determination in the social amoebae thus appears to use regulators that are unrelated to any others currently known.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648785/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648785/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloomfield, Gareth -- Skelton, Jason -- Ivens, Alasdair -- Tanaka, Yoshimasa -- Kay, Robert R -- 06724/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076964/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105115237/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1533-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1197423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. garethb@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Dictyostelium/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Loci ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Reproduction/genetics
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  • 12
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    Ku70 corrupts DNA repair in the absence of the Fanconi anemia pathway (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-12
    Description: A conserved DNA repair response is defective in the human genetic illness Fanconi anemia (FA). Mutation of some FA genes impairs homologous recombination and error-prone DNA repair, rendering FA cells sensitive to DNA cross-linking agents. We found a genetic interaction between the FA gene FANCC and the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factor Ku70. Disruption of both FANCC and Ku70 suppresses sensitivity to cross-linking agents, diminishes chromosome breaks, and reverses defective homologous recombination. Ku70 binds directly to free DNA ends, committing them to NHEJ repair. We show that purified FANCD2, a downstream effector of the FA pathway, might antagonize Ku70 activity by modifying such DNA substrates. These results reveal a function for the FA pathway in processing DNA ends, thereby diverting double-strand break repair away from abortive NHEJ and toward homologous recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pace, Paul -- Mosedale, Georgina -- Hodskinson, Michael R -- Rosado, Ivan V -- Sivasubramaniam, Meera -- Patel, Ketan J -- MC_U105178811/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):219-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1192277. Epub 2010 Jun 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Nuclear/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chromosome Breakage ; Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein/*genetics/metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Conversion ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Point Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Variation in transcription factor binding among humans (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Differences in gene expression may play a major role in speciation and phenotypic diversity. We examined genome-wide differences in transcription factor (TF) binding in several humans and a single chimpanzee by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The binding sites of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and a key regulator of immune responses, nuclear factor kappaB (p65), were mapped in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 25 and 7.5% of the respective binding regions were found to differ between individuals. Binding differences were frequently associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic structural variants, and these differences were often correlated with differences in gene expression, suggesting functional consequences of binding variation. Furthermore, comparing PolII binding between humans and chimpanzee suggests extensive divergence in TF binding. Our results indicate that many differences in individuals and species occur at the level of TF binding, and they provide insight into the genetic events responsible for these differences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasowski, Maya -- Grubert, Fabian -- Heffelfinger, Christopher -- Hariharan, Manoj -- Asabere, Akwasi -- Waszak, Sebastian M -- Habegger, Lukas -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Shi, Minyi -- Urban, Alexander E -- Hong, Mi-Young -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- Huber, Wolfgang -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Korbel, Jan O -- Snyder, Michael -- R01 CA077808/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA077808-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205-34/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183621. Epub 2010 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Intergenic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factor RelA/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site
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    Evidence for an alternative glycolytic pathway in rapidly proliferating cells (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Proliferating cells, including cancer cells, require altered metabolism to efficiently incorporate nutrients such as glucose into biomass. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) promotes the metabolism of glucose by aerobic glycolysis and contributes to anabolic metabolism. Paradoxically, decreased pyruvate kinase enzyme activity accompanies the expression of PKM2 in rapidly dividing cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the substrate for pyruvate kinase in cells, can act as a phosphate donor in mammalian cells because PEP participates in the phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM1) in PKM2-expressing cells. We used mass spectrometry to show that the phosphate from PEP is transferred to the catalytic histidine (His11) on human PGAM1. This reaction occurred at physiological concentrations of PEP and produced pyruvate in the absence of PKM2 activity. The presence of histidine-phosphorylated PGAM1 correlated with the expression of PKM2 in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Thus, decreased pyruvate kinase activity in PKM2-expressing cells allows PEP-dependent histidine phosphorylation of PGAM1 and may provide an alternate glycolytic pathway that decouples adenosine triphosphate production from PEP-mediated phosphotransfer, allowing for the high rate of glycolysis to support the anabolic metabolism observed in many proliferating cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Locasale, Jason W -- Swanson, Kenneth D -- Sharfi, Hadar -- Heffron, Greg J -- Amador-Noguez, Daniel -- Christofk, Heather R -- Wagner, Gerhard -- Rabinowitz, Joshua D -- Asara, John M -- Cantley, Lewis C -- 1K08CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1P01CA120964-01A/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5P30CA006516-43/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516-43S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078063/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56302/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA128620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21/R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1492-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glyceric Acids/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Histidine/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Phosphoenolpyruvate/metabolism ; Phosphoglycerate Mutase/*metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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    Cancer research. Childhood's cures haunted by adulthood's 'late effects' (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marder, Jenny -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1474-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*radiotherapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology ; Radiation Injuries/*etiology ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Survivors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
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    Btbd7 regulates epithelial cell dynamics and branching morphogenesis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: During embryonic development, many organs form by extensive branching of epithelia through the formation of clefts and buds. In cleft formation, buds are delineated by the conversion of epithelial cell-cell adhesions to cell-matrix adhesions, but the mechanisms of cleft formation are not clear. We have identified Btbd7 as a dynamic regulator of branching morphogenesis. Btbd7 provides a mechanistic link between the extracellular matrix and cleft propagation through its highly focal expression leading to local regulation of Snail2 (Slug), E-cadherin, and epithelial cell motility. Inhibition experiments show that Btbd7 is required for branching of embryonic mammalian salivary glands and lungs. Hence, Btbd7 is a regulatory gene that promotes epithelial tissue remodeling and formation of branched organs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412157/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412157/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onodera, Tomohiro -- Sakai, Takayoshi -- Hsu, Jeff Chi-feng -- Matsumoto, Kazue -- Chiorini, John A -- Yamada, Kenneth M -- ZIA DE000525-20/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):562-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Dogs ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Fibronectins/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Regulator ; Lung/*embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Morphogenesis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Salivary Glands/*embryology/metabolism ; Submandibular Gland/embryology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 17
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    Prdm9 controls activation of mammalian recombination hotspots (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: Mammalian meiotic recombination, which preferentially occurs at specialized sites called hotspots, ensures the orderly segregation of meiotic chromosomes and creates genetic variation among offspring. A locus on mouse chromosome 17, which controls activation of recombination at multiple distant hotspots, has been mapped within a 181-kilobase interval, three of whose genes can be eliminated as candidates. The remaining gene, Prdm9, codes for a zinc finger containing histone H3K4 trimethylase that is expressed in early meiosis and whose deficiency results in sterility in both sexes. Mus musculus exhibits five alleles of Prdm9; human populations exhibit two predominant alleles and multiple minor alleles. The identification of Prdm9 as a protein regulating mammalian recombination hotspots initiates molecular studies of this important biological control system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821451/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821451/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parvanov, Emil D -- Petkov, Petko M -- Paigen, Kenneth -- 076468/PHS HHS/ -- 078452/PHS HHS/ -- 083408/PHS HHS/ -- CA 34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 078643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA034196-26/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM076468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM076468-030004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078452/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078452-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078643-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083408-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1181495. Epub 2009 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Testis/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 18
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    Stem cells. Diseases in a dish take off (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1172-3. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6008.1172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; *Genetic Diseases, Inborn/drug therapy/genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; *Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System/drug ; therapy/genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
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  • 19
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    Genomic comparison of the ants Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: The organized societies of ants include short-lived worker castes displaying specialized behavior and morphology and long-lived queens dedicated to reproduction. We sequenced and compared the genomes of two socially divergent ant species: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator. Both genomes contained high amounts of CpG, despite the presence of DNA methylation, which in non-Hymenoptera correlates with CpG depletion. Comparison of gene expression in different castes identified up-regulation of telomerase and sirtuin deacetylases in longer-lived H. saltator reproductives, caste-specific expression of microRNAs and SMYD histone methyltransferases, and differential regulation of genes implicated in neuronal function and chemical communication. Our findings provide clues on the molecular differences between castes in these two ants and establish a new experimental model to study epigenetics in aging and behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772619/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772619/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonasio, Roberto -- Zhang, Guojie -- Ye, Chaoyang -- Mutti, Navdeep S -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Qin, Nan -- Donahue, Greg -- Yang, Pengcheng -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Cai -- Zhang, Pei -- Huang, Zhiyong -- Berger, Shelley L -- Reinberg, Danny -- Wang, Jun -- Liebig, Jurgen -- 2009005/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1068-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1192428.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ants/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; DNA/chemistry/genetics ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/analysis ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Group III Histone Deacetylases/genetics/metabolism ; Hydrocarbons/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Methyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Social Behavior ; Species Specificity ; Telomerase/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Requirement of prorenin receptor and vacuolar H+-ATPase-mediated acidification for Wnt signaling (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is important in stem cell biology, embryonic development, and disease, including cancer. However, the mechanism of Wnt signal transmission, notably how the receptors are activated, remains incompletely understood. We found that the prorenin receptor (PRR) is a component of the Wnt receptor complex. PRR functions in a renin-independent manner as an adaptor between Wnt receptors and the vacuolar H+-adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) complex. Moreover, PRR and V-ATPase were required to mediate Wnt signaling during antero-posterior patterning of Xenopus early central nervous system development. The results reveal an unsuspected role for the prorenin receptor, V-ATPase activity, and acidification during Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cruciat, Cristina-Maria -- Ohkawara, Bisei -- Acebron, Sergio P -- Karaulanov, Emil -- Reinhard, Carmen -- Ingelfinger, Dierk -- Boutros, Michael -- Niehrs, Christof -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1179802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Central Nervous System/cytology/embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; Xenopus/embryology/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    Stem cells. Reprogrammed cells come up short, for now (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1191. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5970.1191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Neurons/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Loss of Rap1 induces telomere recombination in the absence of NHEJ or a DNA damage signal (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Shelterin is an essential telomeric protein complex that prevents DNA damage signaling and DNA repair at mammalian chromosome ends. Here we report on the role of the TRF2-interacting factor Rap1, a conserved shelterin subunit of unknown function. We removed Rap1 from mouse telomeres either through gene deletion or by replacing TRF2 with a mutant that does not bind Rap1. Rap1 was dispensable for the essential functions of TRF2--repression of ATM kinase signaling and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)--and mice lacking telomeric Rap1 were viable and fertile. However, Rap1 was critical for the repression of homology-directed repair (HDR), which can alter telomere length. The data reveal that HDR at telomeres can take place in the absence of DNA damage foci and underscore the functional compartmentalization within shelterin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864730/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sfeir, Agnel -- Kabir, Shaheen -- van Overbeek, Megan -- Celli, Giulia B -- de Lange, Titia -- AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-06/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-09/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-10/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016642-11/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049046-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM049046-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1657-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1185100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Telomere/*genetics/metabolism ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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    Glutamine deamidation and dysfunction of ubiquitin/NEDD8 induced by a bacterial effector family (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: A family of bacterial effectors including Cif homolog from Burkholderia pseudomallei (CHBP) and Cif from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adopt a functionally important papain-like hydrolytic fold. We show here that CHBP was a potent inhibitor of the eukaryotic ubiquitination pathway. CHBP acted as a deamidase that specifically and efficiently deamidated Gln40 in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 both in vitro and during Burkholderia infection. Deamidated ubiquitin was impaired in supporting ubiquitin-chain synthesis. Cif selectively deamidated NEDD8, which abolished the activity of neddylated Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Ubiquitination and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of multiple CRL substrates were impaired by Cif in EPEC-infected cells. Mutations of substrate-contacting residues in Cif abolished or attenuated EPEC-induced cytopathic phenotypes of cell cycle arrest and actin stress fiber formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cui, Jixin -- Yao, Qing -- Li, Shan -- Ding, Xiaojun -- Lu, Qiuhe -- Mao, Haibin -- Liu, Liping -- Zheng, Ning -- Chen, She -- Shao, Feng -- R01 CA107134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1215-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1193844. Epub 2010 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Beijing Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20688984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Burkholderia/pathogenicity ; Burkholderia pseudomallei/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Glutamine/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Stress Fibers/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin C/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-27
    Description: Legume plants host nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules. In Medicago truncatula, the bacteria undergo an irreversible (terminal) differentiation mediated by hitherto unidentified plant factors. We demonstrated that these factors are nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides that are targeted to the bacteria and enter the bacterial membrane and cytosol. Obstruction of NCR transport in the dnf1-1 signal peptidase mutant correlated with the absence of terminal bacterial differentiation. On the contrary, ectopic expression of NCRs in legumes devoid of NCRs or challenge of cultured rhizobia with peptides provoked symptoms of terminal differentiation. Because NCRs resemble antimicrobial peptides, our findings reveal a previously unknown innovation of the host plant, which adopts effectors of the innate immune system for symbiosis to manipulate the cell fate of endosymbiotic bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van de Velde, Willem -- Zehirov, Grigor -- Szatmari, Agnes -- Debreczeny, Monika -- Ishihara, Hironobu -- Kevei, Zoltan -- Farkas, Attila -- Mikulass, Kata -- Nagy, Andrea -- Tiricz, Hilda -- Satiat-Jeunemaitre, Beatrice -- Alunni, Benoit -- Bourge, Mickael -- Kucho, Ken-ichi -- Abe, Mikiko -- Kereszt, Attila -- Maroti, Gergely -- Uchiumi, Toshiki -- Kondorosi, Eva -- Mergaert, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1122-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1184057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut des Sciences du Vegetal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Lotus/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Medicago truncatula/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Transport ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/*cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; *Symbiosis
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    Permissive secondary mutations enable the evolution of influenza oseltamivir resistance (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: The His274--〉Tyr274 (H274Y) mutation confers oseltamivir resistance on N1 influenza neuraminidase but had long been thought to compromise viral fitness. However, beginning in 2007-2008, viruses containing H274Y rapidly became predominant among human seasonal H1N1 isolates. We show that H274Y decreases the amount of neuraminidase that reaches the cell surface and that this defect can be counteracted by secondary mutations that also restore viral fitness. Two such mutations occurred in seasonal H1N1 shortly before the widespread appearance of H274Y. The evolution of oseltamivir resistance was therefore enabled by "permissive" mutations that allowed the virus to tolerate subsequent occurrences of H274Y. An understanding of this process may provide a basis for predicting the evolution of oseltamivir resistance in other influenza strains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913718/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913718/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Jesse D -- Gong, Lizhi Ian -- Baltimore, David -- P01 CA132681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA132681-01A27259/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1272-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1187816.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Fitness ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*drug effects/*genetics/growth & development ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/*virology ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Oseltamivir/*pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic
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    Alpha-synuclein promotes SNARE-complex assembly in vivo and in vitro (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters repeatedly, often at high frequency, and in relative isolation from neuronal cell bodies. Repeated release requires cycles of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-complex assembly and disassembly, with continuous generation of reactive SNARE-protein intermediates. Although many forms of neurodegeneration initiate presynaptically, only few pathogenic mechanisms are known, and the functions of presynaptic proteins linked to neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, remain unclear. Here, we show that maintenance of continuous presynaptic SNARE-complex assembly required a nonclassical chaperone activity mediated by synucleins. Specifically, alpha-synuclein directly bound to the SNARE-protein synaptobrevin-2/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and promoted SNARE-complex assembly. Moreover, triple-knockout mice lacking synucleins developed age-dependent neurological impairments, exhibited decreased SNARE-complex assembly, and died prematurely. Thus, synucleins may function to sustain normal SNARE-complex assembly in a presynaptic terminal during aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235365/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burre, Jacqueline -- Sharma, Manu -- Tsetsenis, Theodoros -- Buchman, Vladimir -- Etherton, Mark R -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- 075615/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1663-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1195227. Epub 2010 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Degeneration/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SNARE Proteins/*metabolism ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Bacteria form communities known as biofilms, which disassemble over time. In our studies outlined here, we found that, before biofilm disassembly, Bacillus subtilis produced a factor that prevented biofilm formation and could break down existing biofilms. The factor was shown to be a mixture of D-leucine, D-methionine, D-tyrosine, and D-tryptophan that could act at nanomolar concentrations. D-amino acid treatment caused the release of amyloid fibers that linked cells in the biofilm together. Mutants able to form biofilms in the presence of D-amino acids contained alterations in a protein (YqxM) required for the formation and anchoring of the fibers to the cell. D-amino acids also prevented biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. D-amino acids are produced by many bacteria and, thus, may be a widespread signal for biofilm disassembly.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921573/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921573/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolodkin-Gal, Ilana -- Romero, Diego -- Cao, Shugeng -- Clardy, Jon -- Kolter, Roberto -- Losick, Richard -- CA24487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM086258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM18546/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM58213/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM018568/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM018568-39/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058213/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):627-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188628.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Bacillus subtilis/*physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Biofilms/growth & development ; Cell Wall ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Genes, Bacterial ; Leucine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Methionine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; Stereoisomerism ; Tryptophan/metabolism/pharmacology ; Tyrosine/metabolism/pharmacology
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    The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) accomplish the key event of aerobic respiration; they couple O2 reduction and transmembrane proton pumping. To gain new insights into the still enigmatic process, we structurally characterized a C-family HCO--essential for the pathogenicity of many bacteria--that differs from the two other HCO families, A and B, that have been structurally analyzed. The x-ray structure of the C-family cbb3 oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri at 3.2 angstrom resolution shows an electron supply system different from families A and B. Like family-B HCOs, C HCOs have only one pathway, which conducts protons via an alternative tyrosine-histidine cross-link. Structural differences around hemes b and b3 suggest a different redox-driven proton-pumping mechanism and provide clues to explain the higher activity of family-C HCOs at low oxygen concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buschmann, Sabine -- Warkentin, Eberhard -- Xie, Hao -- Langer, Julian D -- Ermler, Ulrich -- Michel, Hartmut -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):327-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1187303. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysik, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heme/chemistry ; Histidine/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Periplasm/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protons ; Pseudomonas stutzeri/*enzymology ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: Soil acidification is a major problem in soils of intensive Chinese agricultural systems. We used two nationwide surveys, paired comparisons in numerous individual sites, and several long-term monitoring-field data sets to evaluate changes in soil acidity. Soil pH declined significantly (P 〈 0.001) from the 1980s to the 2000s in the major Chinese crop-production areas. Processes related to nitrogen cycling released 20 to 221 kilomoles of hydrogen ion (H+) per hectare per year, and base cations uptake contributed a further 15 to 20 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year to soil acidification in four widespread cropping systems. In comparison, acid deposition (0.4 to 2.0 kilomoles of H+ per hectare per year) made a small contribution to the acidification of agricultural soils across China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, J H -- Liu, X J -- Zhang, Y -- Shen, J L -- Han, W X -- Zhang, W F -- Christie, P -- Goulding, K W T -- Vitousek, P M -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):1008-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1182570. Epub 2010 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Cations ; China ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development/metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; *Soil ; Time Factors
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    FCHo proteins are nucleators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the major pathway for ligand internalization into eukaryotic cells, is thought to be initiated by the clustering of clathrin and adaptors around receptors destined for internalization. However, here we report that the membrane-sculpting F-BAR domain-containing Fer/Cip4 homology domain-only proteins 1 and 2 (FCHo1/2) were required for plasma membrane clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) budding and marked sites of CCV formation. Changes in FCHo1/2 expression levels correlated directly with numbers of CCV budding events, ligand endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle marker recycling. FCHo1/2 proteins bound specifically to the plasma membrane and recruited the scaffold proteins eps15 and intersectin, which in turn engaged the adaptor complex AP2. The FCHo F-BAR membrane-bending activity was required, leading to the proposal that FCHo1/2 sculpt the initial bud site and recruit the clathrin machinery for CCV formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2883440/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henne, William Mike -- Boucrot, Emmanuel -- Meinecke, Michael -- Evergren, Emma -- Vallis, Yvonne -- Mittal, Rohit -- McMahon, Harvey T -- MC_U105178795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.02.007(78795)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1281-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188462. Epub 2010 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC-LMB), Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex 2/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/*metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism
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    An autophagy-enhancing drug promotes degradation of mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z and reduces hepatic fibrosis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: In the classical form of alpha1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency, a point mutation in AT alters the folding of a liver-derived secretory glycoprotein and renders it aggregation-prone. In addition to decreased serum concentrations of AT, the disorder is characterized by accumulation of the mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) variant inside cells, causing hepatic fibrosis and/or carcinogenesis by a gain-of-toxic function mechanism. The proteasomal and autophagic pathways are known to mediate degradation of ATZ. Here we show that the autophagy-enhancing drug carbamazepine (CBZ) decreased the hepatic load of ATZ and hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model of AT deficiency-associated liver disease. These results provide a basis for testing CBZ, which has an extensive clinical safety profile, in patients with AT deficiency and also provide a proof of principle for therapeutic use of autophagy enhancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hidvegi, Tunda -- Ewing, Michael -- Hale, Pamela -- Dippold, Christine -- Beckett, Caroline -- Kemp, Carolyn -- Maurice, Nicholas -- Mukherjee, Amitava -- Goldbach, Christina -- Watkins, Simon -- Michalopoulos, George -- Perlmutter, David H -- DK076918/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL037784/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076918/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK084512/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RR022241/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):229-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1190354. Epub 2010 Jun 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy/*drug effects ; Carbamazepine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Phagosomes/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Solubility ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications/*metabolism/pathology
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    Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-21
    Description: The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of a 1% vaginal gel formulation of tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for the prevention of HIV acquisition in women. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing tenofovir gel (n = 445 women) with placebo gel (n = 444 women) in sexually active, HIV-uninfected 18- to 40-year-old women in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. HIV serostatus, safety, sexual behavior, and gel and condom use were assessed at monthly follow-up visits for 30 months. HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 5.6 per 100 women-years (person time of study observation) (38 out of 680.6 women-years) compared with 9.1 per 100 women-years (60 out of 660.7 women-years) in the placebo gel arm (incidence rate ratio = 0.61; P = 0.017). In high adherers (gel adherence 〉 80%), HIV incidence was 54% lower (P = 0.025) in the tenofovir gel arm. In intermediate adherers (gel adherence 50 to 80%) and low adherers (gel adherence 〈 50%), the HIV incidence reduction was 38 and 28%, respectively. Tenofovir gel reduced HIV acquisition by an estimated 39% overall, and by 54% in women with high gel adherence. No increase in the overall adverse event rates was observed. There were no changes in viral load and no tenofovir resistance in HIV seroconverters. Tenofovir gel could potentially fill an important HIV prevention gap, especially for women unable to successfully negotiate mutual monogamy or condom use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdool Karim, Quarraisha -- Abdool Karim, Salim S -- Frohlich, Janet A -- Grobler, Anneke C -- Baxter, Cheryl -- Mansoor, Leila E -- Kharsany, Ayesha B M -- Sibeko, Sengeziwe -- Mlisana, Koleka P -- Omar, Zaheen -- Gengiah, Tanuja N -- Maarschalk, Silvia -- Arulappan, Natasha -- Mlotshwa, Mukelisiwe -- Morris, Lynn -- Taylor, Douglas -- CAPRISA 004 Trial Group -- AI51794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231-17/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43TW00231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI068619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI068633/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI46749/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1193748. Epub 2010 Jul 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa. caprisa@ukzn.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & ; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Administration, Intravaginal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic ; use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Organophosphonates/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Patient Compliance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tenofovir ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
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    mTORC1-mediated cell proliferation, but not cell growth, controlled by the 4E-BPs (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogen and nutrient signals to control cell proliferation and cell size. Hence, mTORC1 is implicated in a large number of human diseases--including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer--that are characterized by aberrant cell growth and proliferation. Although eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) are critical mediators of mTORC1 function, their precise contribution to mTORC1 signaling and the mechanisms by which they mediate mTORC1 function have remained unclear. We inhibited the mTORC1 pathway in cells lacking 4E-BPs and analyzed the effects on cell size, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Although the 4E-BPs had no effect on cell size, they inhibited cell proliferation by selectively inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs that encode proliferation-promoting proteins and proteins involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, control of cell size and cell cycle progression appear to be independent in mammalian cells, whereas in lower eukaryotes, 4E-BPs influence both cell growth and proliferation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893390/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893390/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dowling, Ryan J O -- Topisirovic, Ivan -- Alain, Tommy -- Bidinosti, Michael -- Fonseca, Bruno D -- Petroulakis, Emmanuel -- Wang, Xiaoshan -- Larsson, Ola -- Selvaraj, Anand -- Liu, Yi -- Kozma, Sara C -- Thomas, George -- Sonenberg, Nahum -- P50 NS057531/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS057531-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078019/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK73802/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA84292-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1172-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1187532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; *Cell Enlargement ; Cell Line ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Cell Survival ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Collaborative non-self recognition system in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-06
    Description: Self-incompatibility in flowering plants prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing to generate genetic diversity. In Solanaceae, a multiallelic gene, S-locus F-box (SLF), was previously shown to encode the pollen determinant in self-incompatibility. It was postulated that an SLF allelic product specifically detoxifies its non-self S-ribonucleases (S-RNases), allelic products of the pistil determinant, inside pollen tubes via the ubiquitin-26S-proteasome system, thereby allowing compatible pollinations. However, it remained puzzling how SLF, with much lower allelic sequence diversity than S-RNase, might have the capacity to recognize a large repertoire of non-self S-RNases. We used in vivo functional assays and protein interaction assays to show that in Petunia, at least three types of divergent SLF proteins function as the pollen determinant, each recognizing a subset of non-self S-RNases. Our findings reveal a collaborative non-self recognition system in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kubo, Ken-ichi -- Entani, Tetsuyuki -- Takara, Akie -- Wang, Ning -- Fields, Allison M -- Hua, Zhihua -- Toyoda, Mamiko -- Kawashima, Shin-ichi -- Ando, Toshio -- Isogai, Akira -- Kao, Teh-hui -- Takayama, Seiji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1195243.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Crosses, Genetic ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Flowers/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Petunia/*genetics/*physiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Pollen/*genetics/*physiology ; Pollen Tube/physiology ; Pollination ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Ribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Self-Fertilization ; Transgenes
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    Generating a prion with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: The prion hypothesis posits that a misfolded form of prion protein (PrP) is responsible for the infectivity of prion disease. Using recombinant murine PrP purified from Escherichia coli, we created a recombinant prion with the attributes of the pathogenic PrP isoform: aggregated, protease-resistant, and self-perpetuating. After intracerebral injection of the recombinant prion, wild-type mice developed neurological signs in approximately 130 days and reached the terminal stage of disease in approximately 150 days. Characterization of diseased mice revealed classic neuropathology of prion disease, the presence of protease-resistant PrP, and the capability of serially transmitting the disease; these findings confirmed that the mice succumbed to prion disease. Thus, as postulated by the prion hypothesis, the infectivity in mammalian prion disease results from an altered conformation of PrP.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893558/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893558/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Fei -- Wang, Xinhe -- Yuan, Chong-Gang -- Ma, Jiyan -- R01 NS060729/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS060729-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS060729/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1132-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183748. Epub 2010 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Line ; Endopeptidase K/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Liver/chemistry ; Mice ; Neurons/chemistry ; Phosphatidylglycerols/*chemistry ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/pathogenicity ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/pathology ; Prions/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; RNA/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Current methods for differentiating isolates of predominant lineages of pathogenic bacteria often do not provide sufficient resolution to define precise relationships. Here, we describe a high-throughput genomics approach that provides a high-resolution view of the epidemiology and microevolution of a dominant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This approach reveals the global geographic structure within the lineage, its intercontinental transmission through four decades, and the potential to trace person-to-person transmission within a hospital environment. The ability to interrogate and resolve bacterial populations is applicable to a range of infectious diseases, as well as microbial ecology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Simon R -- Feil, Edward J -- Holden, Matthew T G -- Quail, Michael A -- Nickerson, Emma K -- Chantratita, Narisara -- Gardete, Susana -- Tavares, Ana -- Day, Nick -- Lindsay, Jodi A -- Edgeworth, Jonathan D -- de Lencastre, Herminia -- Parkhill, Julian -- Peacock, Sharon J -- Bentley, Stephen D -- 076964/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):469-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1182395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 15A, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Cross Infection/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission ; Europe/epidemiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & ; purification ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; South America/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission ; Time Factors ; United States/epidemiology
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    Signaling kinase AMPK activates stress-promoted transcription via histone H2B phosphorylation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The mammalian adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-threonine kinase protein complex that is a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which AMPK mediates cellular responses to metabolic stress remain unclear. We found that AMPK activates transcription through direct association with chromatin and phosphorylation of histone H2B at serine 36. AMPK recruitment and H2B Ser36 phosphorylation colocalized within genes activated by AMPK-dependent pathways, both in promoters and in transcribed regions. Ectopic expression of H2B in which Ser36 was substituted by alanine reduced transcription and RNA polymerase II association to AMPK-dependent genes, and lowered cell survival in response to stress. Our results place AMPK-dependent H2B Ser36 phosphorylation in a direct transcriptional and chromatin regulatory pathway leading to cellular adaptation to stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922052/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bungard, David -- Fuerth, Benjamin J -- Zeng, Ping-Yao -- Faubert, Brandon -- Maas, Nancy L -- Viollet, Benoit -- Carling, David -- Thompson, Craig B -- Jones, Russell G -- Berger, Shelley L -- CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U120027537/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MOP-93799/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 AG031862/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA078831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191241. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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    Photorhabdus luminescens toxins ADP-ribosylate actin and RhoA to force actin clustering (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-27
    Description: The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens is mutualistically associated with entomopathogenetic nematodes. These nematodes invade insect larvae and release the bacteria from their intestine, which kills the insects through the action of toxin complexes. We elucidated the mode of action of two of these insecticidal toxins from P. luminescens. We identified the biologically active components TccC3 and TccC5 as adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferases, which modify unusual amino acids. TccC3 ADP-ribosylated threonine-148 of actin, resulting in actin polymerization. TccC5 ADP-ribosylated Rho guanosine triphosphatase proteins at glutamine-61 and glutamine-63, inducing their activation. The concerted action of both toxins inhibited phagocytosis of target insect cells and induced extensive intracellular polymerization and clustering of actin. Several human pathogenic bacteria produce related toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lang, Alexander E -- Schmidt, Gudula -- Schlosser, Andreas -- Hey, Timothy D -- Larrinua, Ignacio M -- Sheets, Joel J -- Mannherz, Hans G -- Aktories, Klaus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1139-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1184557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP Ribose Transferases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Glutamine/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Hemocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Moths ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; *Photorhabdus ; Signal Transduction ; Stress Fibers/metabolism ; Threonine/metabolism ; Thymosin/metabolism/pharmacology ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Target RNA-directed trimming and tailing of small silencing RNAs (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: In Drosophila, microRNAs (miRNAs) typically guide Argonaute1 to repress messenger RNA (mRNA), whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide Argonaute2 to destroy viral and transposon RNA. Unlike siRNAs, miRNAs rarely form extensive numbers of base pairs to the mRNAs they regulate. We find that extensive complementarity between a target RNA and an Argonaute1-bound miRNA triggers miRNA tailing and 3'-to-5' trimming. In flies, Argonaute2-bound small RNAs--but not those bound to Argonaute1--bear a 2'-O-methyl group at their 3' ends. This modification blocks target-directed small RNA remodeling: In flies lacking Hen1, the enzyme that adds the 2'-O-methyl group, Argonaute2-associated siRNAs are tailed and trimmed. Target complementarity also affects small RNA stability in human cells. These results provide an explanation for the partial complementarity between animal miRNAs and their targets.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2902985/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2902985/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ameres, Stefan L -- Horwich, Michael D -- Hung, Jui-Hung -- Xu, Jia -- Ghildiyal, Megha -- Weng, Zhiping -- Zamore, Phillip D -- F30AG030283/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM62862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- J 2832/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R01 GM065236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065236-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM062862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM062862-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1534-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1187058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; *Base Pairing ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; RNA Caps ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/metabolism
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    Functional modules and structural basis of conformational coupling in mitochondrial complex I (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: Proton-pumping respiratory complex I is one of the largest and most complicated membrane protein complexes. Its function is critical for efficient energy supply in aerobic cells, and malfunctions are implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report an x-ray crystallographic analysis of mitochondrial complex I. The positions of all iron-sulfur clusters relative to the membrane arm were determined in the complete enzyme complex. The ubiquinone reduction site resides close to 30 angstroms above the membrane domain. The arrangement of functional modules suggests conformational coupling of redox chemistry with proton pumping and essentially excludes direct mechanisms. We suggest that a approximately 60-angstrom-long helical transmission element is critical for transducing conformational energy to proton-pumping elements in the distal module of the membrane arm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunte, Carola -- Zickermann, Volker -- Brandt, Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):448-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1191046. Epub 2010 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport Complex I/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Ubiquinone/chemistry/metabolism ; Yarrowia/*enzymology
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    Partitioning of histone H3-H4 tetramers during DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: Semiconservative DNA replication ensures the faithful duplication of genetic information during cell divisions. However, how epigenetic information carried by histone modifications propagates through mitotic divisions remains elusive. To address this question, the DNA replication-dependent nucleosome partition pattern must be clarified. Here, we report significant amounts of H3.3-H4 tetramers split in vivo, whereas most H3.1-H4 tetramers remained intact. Inhibiting DNA replication-dependent deposition greatly reduced the level of splitting events, which suggests that (i) the replication-independent H3.3 deposition pathway proceeds largely by cooperatively incorporating two new H3.3-H4 dimers and (ii) the majority of splitting events occurred during replication-dependent deposition. Our results support the idea that "silent" histone modifications within large heterochromatic regions are maintained by copying modifications from neighboring preexisting histones without the need for H3-H4 splitting events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Mo -- Long, Chengzu -- Chen, Xiuzhen -- Huang, Chang -- Chen, She -- Zhu, Bing -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):94-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178994.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aphidicolin/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; *DNA Replication ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; HeLa Cells ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histones/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; S Phase ; Transfection
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    Structural basis of preexisting immunity to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: The 2009 H1N1 swine flu is the first influenza pandemic in decades. The crystal structure of the hemagglutinin from the A/California/04/2009 H1N1 virus shows that its antigenic structure, particularly within the Sa antigenic site, is extremely similar to those of human H1N1 viruses circulating early in the 20th century. The cocrystal structure of the 1918 hemagglutinin with 2D1, an antibody from a survivor of the 1918 Spanish flu that neutralizes both 1918 and 2009 H1N1 viruses, reveals an epitope that is conserved in both pandemic viruses. Thus, antigenic similarity between the 2009 and 1918-like viruses provides an explanation for the age-related immunity to the current influenza pandemic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897825/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897825/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Rui -- Ekiert, Damian C -- Krause, Jens C -- Hai, Rong -- Crowe, James E Jr -- Wilson, Ian A -- AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM080209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-050002/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM080209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM080209-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):357-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1186430. Epub 2010 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/chemistry/immunology ; Antigenic Variation ; Cross Reactions ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epitopes ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*immunology ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/*chemistry/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*immunology/virology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation
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    Prion strain mutation determined by prion protein conformational compatibility and primary structure (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Prions are infectious proteins composed of the abnormal disease-causing isoform PrPSc, which induces conformational conversion of the host-encoded normal cellular prion protein PrPC to additional PrPSc. The mechanism underlying prion strain mutation in the absence of nucleic acids remains unresolved. Additionally, the frequency of strains causing chronic wasting disease (CWD), a burgeoning prion epidemic of cervids, is unknown. Using susceptible transgenic mice, we identified two prevalent CWD strains with divergent biological properties but composed of PrPSc with indistinguishable biochemical characteristics. Although CWD transmissions indicated stable, independent strain propagation by elk PrPC, strain coexistence in the brains of deer and transgenic mice demonstrated unstable strain propagation by deer PrPC. The primary structures of deer and elk prion proteins differ at residue 226, which, in concert with PrPSc conformational compatibility, determines prion strain mutation in these cervids.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097672/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097672/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angers, Rachel C -- Kang, Hae-Eun -- Napier, Dana -- Browning, Shawn -- Seward, Tanya -- Mathiason, Candace -- Balachandran, Aru -- McKenzie, Debbie -- Castilla, Joaquin -- Soto, Claudio -- Jewell, Jean -- Graham, Catherine -- Hoover, Edward A -- Telling, Glenn C -- 1P01AI077774-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 2R01 NS040334-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- N01-AI-25491/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI077774/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049173/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI49795/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA022738/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1154-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187107. Epub 2010 May 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; *Deer ; Disease Susceptibility ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; PrPC Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/pathogenicity ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Selection, Genetic ; Serial Passage ; Species Specificity ; *Wasting Disease, Chronic/pathology/transmission
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    Studies support probable long-term safety of MRI (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, Scott K -- Byars, Anna W -- Plante, Elena -- Szaflarski, Jerzy P -- Dietrich, Kim -- Altaye, Mekibib -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):512-3. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5991.512-e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*adverse effects ; Risk ; Time Factors
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    Peripherally applied Abeta-containing inoculates induce cerebral beta-amyloidosis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The intracerebral injection of beta-amyloid-containing brain extracts can induce cerebral beta-amyloidosis and associated pathologies in susceptible hosts. We found that intraperitoneal inoculation with beta-amyloid-rich extracts induced beta-amyloidosis in the brains of beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice after prolonged incubation times.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisele, Yvonne S -- Obermuller, Ulrike -- Heilbronner, Gotz -- Baumann, Frank -- Kaeser, Stephan A -- Wolburg, Hartwig -- Walker, Lary C -- Staufenbiel, Matthias -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Jucker, Mathias -- P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000165-51/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):980-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1194516. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/blood supply/*pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Prions/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Time Factors
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    Cell biology. When the beginning marks the end (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mogk, Axel -- Bukau, Bernd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):966-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1187274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Stability ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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    Retromer is required for apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytic receptor recycling (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: The cell surface receptor CED-1 mediates apoptotic cell recognition by phagocytic cells, enabling cell corpse clearance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we found that the C. elegans intracellular protein sorting complex, retromer, was required for cell corpse clearance by mediating the recycling of CED-1. Retromer was recruited to the surfaces of phagosomes containing cell corpses, and its loss of function caused defective cell corpse removal. The retromer probably acted through direct interaction with CED-1 in the cell corpse recognition pathway. In the absence of retromer function, CED-1 associated with lysosomes and failed to recycle from phagosomes and cytosol to the plasma membrane. Thus, retromer is an essential mediator of apoptotic cell clearance by regulating phagocytic receptor(s) during cell corpse engulfment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Didi -- Xiao, Hui -- Zhang, Kai -- Wang, Bin -- Gao, Zhiyang -- Jian, Youli -- Qi, Xiaying -- Sun, Jianwei -- Miao, Long -- Yang, Chonglin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1261-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1184840. Epub 2010 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/*metabolism ; *Protein Transport ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sorting Nexins ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Structures of the CXCR4 chemokine GPCR with small-molecule and cyclic peptide antagonists (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Chemokine receptors are critical regulators of cell migration in the context of immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. The G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 is specifically implicated in cancer metastasis and HIV-1 infection. Here we report five independent crystal structures of CXCR4 bound to an antagonist small molecule IT1t and a cyclic peptide CVX15 at 2.5 to 3.2 angstrom resolution. All structures reveal a consistent homodimer with an interface including helices V and VI that may be involved in regulating signaling. The location and shape of the ligand-binding sites differ from other G protein-coupled receptors and are closer to the extracellular surface. These structures provide new clues about the interactions between CXCR4 and its natural ligand CXCL12, and with the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074590/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074590/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Beili -- Chien, Ellen Y T -- Mol, Clifford D -- Fenalti, Gustavo -- Liu, Wei -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Brooun, Alexei -- Wells, Peter -- Bi, F Christopher -- Hamel, Damon J -- Kuhn, Peter -- Handel, Tracy M -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Stevens, Raymond C -- F32 GM083463/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM083463-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI037113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI037113-13/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM071872/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081763-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI087189/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI087189-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 RR025336/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R21 RR025336-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961-050001/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 19;330(6007):1066-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1194396. Epub 2010 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Spodoptera ; Thiourea/analogs & derivatives/chemistry
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    Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Many plant pathogens, including those in the lineage of the Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans, evolve by host jumps followed by specialization. However, how host jumps affect genome evolution remains largely unknown. To determine the patterns of sequence variation in the P. infestans lineage, we resequenced six genomes of four sister species. This revealed uneven evolutionary rates across genomes with genes in repeat-rich regions showing higher rates of structural polymorphisms and positive selection. These loci are enriched in genes induced in planta, implicating host adaptation in genome evolution. Unexpectedly, genes involved in epigenetic processes formed another class of rapidly evolving residents of the gene-sparse regions. These results demonstrate that dynamic repeat-rich genome compartments underpin accelerated gene evolution following host jumps in this pathogen lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raffaele, Sylvain -- Farrer, Rhys A -- Cano, Liliana M -- Studholme, David J -- MacLean, Daniel -- Thines, Marco -- Jiang, Rays H Y -- Zody, Michael C -- Kunjeti, Sridhara G -- Donofrio, Nicole M -- Meyers, Blake C -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Kamoun, Sophien -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1193070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Computational Biology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; *Genome ; Host Specificity/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Lycopersicon esculentum/parasitology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phytophthora/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Phytophthora infestans/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Plant Diseases/*parasitology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Solanum tuberosum/parasitology
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    New genes in Drosophila quickly become essential (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: To investigate the origin and evolution of essential genes, we identified and phenotyped 195 young protein-coding genes, which originated 3 to 35 million years ago in Drosophila. Knocking down expression with RNA interference showed that 30% of newly arisen genes are essential for viability. The proportion of genes that are essential is similar in every evolutionary age group that we examined. Under constitutive silencing of these young essential genes, lethality was high in the pupal stage and also found in the larval stages. Lethality was attributed to diverse cellular and developmental defects, such as organ formation and patterning defects. These data suggest that new genes frequently and rapidly evolve essential functions and participate in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Sidi -- Zhang, Yong E -- Long, Manyuan -- R01GM065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM078070-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1196380.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Drosophila/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Insect ; Larva/genetics/growth & development ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pupa/genetics/growth & development ; RNA Interference ; Time Factors ; Wings, Animal/abnormalities/growth & development
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    Siah regulation of Pard3A controls neuronal cell adhesion during germinal zone exit (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: The brain's circuitry is established by directed migration and synaptogenesis of neurons during development. Although neurons mature and migrate in specific patterns, little is known about how neurons exit their germinal zone niche. We found that cerebellar granule neuron germinal zone exit is regulated by proteasomal degradation of Pard3A by the Seven in Absentia homolog (Siah) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Pard3A gain of function and Siah loss of function induce precocious radial migration. Time-lapse imaging using a probe to measure neuronal cell contact reveals that Pard3A promotes adhesive interactions needed for germinal zone exit by recruiting the epithelial tight junction adhesion molecule C to the neuronal cell surface. Our findings define a Siah-Pard3A signaling pathway that controls adhesion-dependent exit of neuronal progenitors or immature neurons from a germinal zone niche.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065828/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065828/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Famulski, Jakub K -- Trivedi, Niraj -- Howell, Danielle -- Yang, Yuan -- Tong, Yiai -- Gilbertson, Richard -- Solecki, David J -- P01 CA096832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA096832-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765-33/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129541/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129541-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1834-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1198480. Epub 2010 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Cerebellum/*cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Staphylococcus aureus nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites regulate virulence (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is resistant to numerous antibiotics in clinical use. We found two nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites--the aureusimines, made by S. aureus--that are not antibiotics, but function as regulators of virulence factor expression and are necessary for productive infections. In vivo mouse models of bacteremia showed that strains of S. aureus unable to produce aureusimines were attenuated and/or cleared from major organs, including the spleen, liver, and heart. Targeting aureusimine synthesis may offer novel leads for anti-infective drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyatt, Morgan A -- Wang, Wenliang -- Roux, Christelle M -- Beasley, Federico C -- Heinrichs, David E -- Dunman, Paul M -- Magarvey, Nathan A -- MOP-38002/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- RA107380/RA/ARRA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):294-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1188888. Epub 2010 Jun 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Dipeptides/chemistry/isolation & purification ; Heart/microbiology ; Hemolysis ; Liver/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent ; Peptide Synthases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Pyrazines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Spleen/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/*microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Virulence Factors/*metabolism
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    O-mannosyl phosphorylation of alpha-dystroglycan is required for laminin binding (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: Alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for both extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin-G domains and certain arenaviruses. Receptor binding is thought to be mediated by a posttranslational modification, and defective binding with laminin underlies a subclass of congenital muscular dystrophy. Using mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based structural analyses, we identified a phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan on the mucin-like domain of recombinant alpha-DG, which was required for laminin binding. We demonstrated that patients with muscle-eye-brain disease and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, as well as mice with myodystrophy, commonly have defects in a postphosphoryl modification of this phosphorylated O-linked mannose, and that this modification is mediated by the like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) protein. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie congenital muscular dystrophy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshida-Moriguchi, Takako -- Yu, Liping -- Stalnaker, Stephanie H -- Davis, Sarah -- Kunz, Stefan -- Madson, Michael -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- Schachter, Harry -- Wells, Lance -- Campbell, Kevin P -- 1U54NS053672/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- AI55540/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK 54759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR018502/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484-40/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484-41/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045927/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045927-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045927-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045927-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):88-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1180512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Laminin/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mannose/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Oscillating gene expression determines competence for periodic Arabidopsis root branching (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Plants and animals produce modular developmental units in a periodic fashion. In plants, lateral roots form as repeating units along the root primary axis; however, the developmental mechanism regulating this process is unknown. We found that cyclic expression pulses of a reporter gene mark the position of future lateral roots by establishing prebranch sites and that prebranch site production and root bending are periodic. Microarray and promoter-luciferase studies revealed two sets of genes oscillating in opposite phases at the root tip. Genetic studies show that some oscillating transcriptional regulators are required for periodicity in one or both developmental processes. This molecular mechanism has characteristics that resemble molecular clock-driven activities in animal species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976612/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976612/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreno-Risueno, Miguel A -- Van Norman, Jaimie M -- Moreno, Antonio -- Zhang, Jingyuan -- Ahnert, Sebastian E -- Benfey, Philip N -- R01 GM043778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043778-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM043778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1306-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1191937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Gravitation ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology ; Meristem/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phthalimides/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Mitotic recombination in patients with ichthyosis causes reversion of dominant mutations in KRT10 (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: Somatic loss of wild-type alleles can produce disease traits such as neoplasia. Conversely, somatic loss of disease-causing mutations can revert phenotypes; however, these events are infrequently observed. Here we show that ichthyosis with confetti, a severe, sporadic skin disease in humans, is associated with thousands of revertant clones of normal skin that arise from loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17q via mitotic recombination. This allowed us to map and identify disease-causing mutations in the gene encoding keratin 10 (KRT10); all result in frameshifts into the same alternative reading frame, producing an arginine-rich C-terminal peptide that redirects keratin 10 from the cytokeratin filament network to the nucleolus. The high frequency of somatic reversion in ichthyosis with confetti suggests that revertant stem cell clones are under strong positive selection and/or that the rate of mitotic recombination is elevated in individuals with this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choate, Keith A -- Lu, Yin -- Zhou, Jing -- Choi, Murim -- Elias, Peter M -- Farhi, Anita -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Crumrine, Debra -- Williams, Mary L -- Nopper, Amy J -- Bree, Alanna -- Milstone, Leonard M -- Lifton, Richard P -- K08 AR056305/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AR007016/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1192280. Epub 2010 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/*genetics ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital/*genetics/pathology ; Intermediate Filaments/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Keratin-10/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Keratins/metabolism ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosaicism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Skin/pathology
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    Lab experiments for the study of social-ecological systems (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Governance of social-ecological systems is a major policy problem of the contemporary era. Field studies of fisheries, forests, and pastoral and water resources have identified many variables that influence the outcomes of governance efforts. We introduce an experimental environment that involves spatial and temporal resource dynamics in order to capture these two critical variables identified in field research. Previous behavioral experiments of commons dilemmas have found that people are willing to engage in costly punishment, frequently generating increases in gross benefits, contrary to game-theoretical predictions based on a static pay-off function. Results in our experimental environment find that costly punishment is again used but lacks a gross positive effect on resource harvesting unless combined with communication. These findings illustrate the importance of careful generalization from the laboratory to the world of policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Marco A -- Holahan, Robert -- Lee, Allen -- Ostrom, Elinor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):613-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1183532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University, Post Office Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA. Marco.Janssen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Game Theory ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Public Policy ; *Punishment ; *Social Behavior ; Time Factors
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    Structure of the human BK channel Ca2+-activation apparatus at 3.0 A resolution (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: High-conductance voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels encode negative feedback regulation of membrane voltage and Ca2+ signaling, playing a central role in numerous physiological processes. We determined the x-ray structure of the human BK Ca2+ gating apparatus at a resolution of 3.0 angstroms and deduced its tetrameric assembly by solving a 6 angstrom resolution structure of a Na+-activated homolog. Two tandem C-terminal regulator of K+ conductance (RCK) domains from each of four channel subunits form a 350-kilodalton gating ring at the intracellular membrane surface. A sequence of aspartic amino acids that is known as the Ca2+ bowl, and is located within the second of the tandem RCK domains, creates four Ca2+ binding sites on the outer perimeter of the gating ring at the "assembly interface" between RCK domains. Functionally important mutations cluster near the Ca2+ bowl, near the "flexible interface" between RCK domains, and on the surface of the gating ring that faces the voltage sensors. The structure suggests that the Ca2+ gating ring, in addition to regulating the pore directly, may also modulate the voltage sensor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022345/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022345/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Peng -- Leonetti, Manuel D -- Pico, Alexander R -- Hsiung, Yichun -- MacKinnon, Roderick -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):182-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190414. Epub 2010 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha ; Subunits/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Sodium/metabolism
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    Structure of a eukaryotic CLC transporter defines an intermediate state in the transport cycle (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: CLC proteins transport chloride (Cl(-)) ions across cell membranes to control the electrical potential of muscle cells, transfer electrolytes across epithelia, and control the pH and electrolyte composition of intracellular organelles. Some members of this protein family are Cl(-) ion channels, whereas others are secondary active transporters that exchange Cl(-) ions and protons (H(+)) with a 2:1 stoichiometry. We have determined the structure of a eukaryotic CLC transporter at 3.5 angstrom resolution. Cytoplasmic cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains are strategically positioned to regulate the ion-transport pathway, and many disease-causing mutations in human CLCs reside on the CBS-transmembrane interface. Comparison with prokaryotic CLC shows that a gating glutamate residue changes conformation and suggests a basis for 2:1 Cl(-)/H(+) exchange and a simple mechanistic connection between CLC channels and transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079386/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079386/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Liang -- Campbell, Ernest B -- Hsiung, Yichun -- MacKinnon, Roderick -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):635-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1195230. Epub 2010 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Antiporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Transport ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Protons ; Rhodophyta/*chemistry/metabolism
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    9 billion? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Parity ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy
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    Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: structural evidence in Drosophila (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: The functions of sleep remain elusive, but a strong link exists between sleep need and neuronal plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that plastic processes during wake lead to a net increase in synaptic strength and sleep is necessary for synaptic renormalization. We found that, in three Drosophila neuronal circuits, synapse size or number increases after a few hours of wake and decreases only if flies are allowed to sleep. A richer wake experience resulted in both larger synaptic growth and greater sleep need. Finally, we demonstrate that the gene Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) plays an important role in sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushey, Daniel -- Tononi, Giulio -- Cirelli, Chiara -- DP1 OD000579/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000579-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1576-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1202839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/*genetics/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
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    Association of TALS developmental disorder with defect in minor splicing component U4atac snRNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: The spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes proteins and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), catalyzes RNA splicing through intron excision and exon ligation to produce mature messenger RNAs, which, in turn serve as templates for protein translation. We identified four point mutations in the U4atac snRNA component of the minor spliceosome in patients with brain and bone malformations and unexplained postnatal death [microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD 1) or Taybi-Linder syndrome (TALS); Mendelian Inheritance in Man ID no. 210710]. Expression of a subgroup of genes, possibly linked to the disease phenotype, and minor intron splicing were affected in cell lines derived from TALS patients. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role of the minor spliceosome component U4atac snRNA in early human development and postnatal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edery, Patrick -- Marcaillou, Charles -- Sahbatou, Mourad -- Labalme, Audrey -- Chastang, Joelle -- Touraine, Renaud -- Tubacher, Emmanuel -- Senni, Faiza -- Bober, Michael B -- Nampoothiri, Sheela -- Jouk, Pierre-Simon -- Steichen, Elisabeth -- Berland, Siren -- Toutain, Annick -- Wise, Carol A -- Sanlaville, Damien -- Rousseau, Francis -- Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise -- Leutenegger, Anne-Louise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1202205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle, Bron, F-69677, France. patrick.edery@chu-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Dwarfism/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Introns ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Male ; Microcephaly/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics/metabolism ; Pedigree ; *Point Mutation ; RNA Splice Sites ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/*genetics/metabolism
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    Relationship between clinical signs and transmission of an infectious disease and the implications for control (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Control of many infectious diseases relies on the detection of clinical cases and the isolation, removal, or treatment of cases and their contacts. The success of such "reactive" strategies is influenced by the fraction of transmission occurring before signs appear. We performed experimental studies of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle and estimated this fraction at less than half the value expected from detecting virus in body fluids, the standard proxy measure of infectiousness. This is because the infectious period is shorter (mean 1.7 days) than currently realized, and animals are not infectious until, on average, 0.5 days after clinical signs appear. These results imply that controversial preemptive control measures may be unnecessary; instead, efforts should be directed at early detection of infection and rapid intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charleston, Bryan -- Bankowski, Bartlomies M -- Gubbins, Simon -- Chase-Topping, Margo E -- Schley, David -- Howey, Richard -- Barnett, Paul V -- Gibson, Debi -- Juleff, Nicholas D -- Woolhouse, Mark E J -- BBSB00549/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBSEI00001444/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):726-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK. bryan.charleston@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Bayes Theorem ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*physiopathology/prevention & ; control/*transmission/virology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology/isolation & purification/physiology ; Time Factors ; Viremia/diagnosis/veterinary ; Virus Latency
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    Spatial coupling of mTOR and autophagy augments secretory phenotypes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Protein synthesis and autophagic degradation are regulated in an opposite manner by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas under certain conditions it would be beneficial if they occurred in unison to handle rapid protein turnover. We observed a distinct cellular compartment at the trans side of the Golgi apparatus, the TOR-autophagy spatial coupling compartment (TASCC), where (auto)lysosomes and mTOR accumulated during Ras-induced senescence. mTOR recruitment to the TASCC was amino acid- and Rag guanosine triphosphatase-dependent, and disruption of mTOR localization to the TASCC suppressed interleukin-6/8 synthesis. TASCC formation was observed during macrophage differentiation and in glomerular podocytes; both displayed increased protein secretion. The spatial coupling of cells' catabolic and anabolic machinery could augment their respective functions and facilitate the mass synthesis of secretory proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426290/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426290/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narita, Masako -- Young, Andrew R J -- Arakawa, Satoko -- Samarajiwa, Shamith A -- Nakashima, Takayuki -- Yoshida, Sei -- Hong, Sungki -- Berry, Lorraine S -- Reichelt, Stefanie -- Ferreira, Manuela -- Tavare, Simon -- Inoki, Ken -- Shimizu, Shigeomi -- Narita, Masashi -- DK083491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK083491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK083491-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):966-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1205407. Epub 2011 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute (CRI), Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; *Autophagy ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ultrastructure ; Genes, ras ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Phagosomes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Podocytes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*secretion ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA plays an important role in gene expression, genomic imprinting, and suppression of transposable elements. 5mC can be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) proteins. Here, we show that, in addition to 5hmC, the Tet proteins can generate 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) from 5mC in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal the presence of 5fC and 5caC in genomic DNA of mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse organs. The genomic content of 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC can be increased or reduced through overexpression or depletion of Tet proteins. Thus, we identify two previously unknown cytosine derivatives in genomic DNA as the products of Tet proteins. Our study raises the possibility that DNA demethylation may occur through Tet-catalyzed oxidation followed by decarboxylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495246/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495246/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Shinsuke -- Shen, Li -- Dai, Qing -- Wu, Susan C -- Collins, Leonard B -- Swenberg, James A -- He, Chuan -- Zhang, Yi -- GM071440/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM68804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES010126-11/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES005948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES005948-17/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES5948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK089565/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1300-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1210597. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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    Cleavage of NIK by the API2-MALT1 fusion oncoprotein leads to noncanonical NF-kappaB activation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Proper regulation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcriptional activity is required for normal lymphocyte function, and deregulated NF-kappaB signaling can facilitate lymphomagenesis. We demonstrate that the API2-MALT1 fusion oncoprotein created by the recurrent t(11;18)(q21;q21) in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma induces proteolytic cleavage of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) at arginine 325. NIK cleavage requires the concerted actions of both fusion partners and generates a C-terminal NIK fragment that retains kinase activity and is resistant to proteasomal degradation. The resulting deregulated NIK activity is associated with constitutive noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling, enhanced B cell adhesion, and apoptosis resistance. Our study reveals the gain-of-function proteolytic activity of a fusion oncoprotein and highlights the importance of the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway in B lymphoproliferative disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124150/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124150/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosebeck, Shaun -- Madden, Lisa -- Jin, Xiaohong -- Gu, Shufang -- Apel, Ingrid J -- Appert, Alex -- Hamoudi, Rifat A -- Noels, Heidi -- Sagaert, Xavier -- Van Loo, Peter -- Baens, Mathijs -- Du, Ming-Qing -- Lucas, Peter C -- McAllister-Lucas, Linda M -- R01 CA124540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA124540-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082914/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA124540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD07513/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HL007622-21A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):468-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1198946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B p52 Subunit/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity
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    A virophage at the origin of large DNA transposons (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: DNA transposons are mobile genetic elements that have shaped the genomes of eukaryotes for millions of years, yet their origins remain obscure. We discovered a virophage that, on the basis of genetic homology, likely represents an evolutionary link between double-stranded DNA viruses and Maverick/Polinton eukaryotic DNA transposons. The Mavirus virophage parasitizes the giant Cafeteria roenbergensis virus and encodes 20 predicted proteins, including a retroviral integrase and a protein-primed DNA polymerase B. On the basis of our data, we conclude that Maverick/Polinton transposons may have originated from ancient relatives of Mavirus, and thereby influenced the evolution of eukaryotic genomes, although we cannot rule out alternative evolutionary scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Matthias G -- Suttle, Curtis A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):231-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1199412. Epub 2011 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1365-2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA Viruses/*genetics/*physiology ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Integrases/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Satellite Viruses/*genetics/*physiology ; Stramenopiles/virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Computational design of proteins targeting the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: We describe a general computational method for designing proteins that bind a surface patch of interest on a target macromolecule. Favorable interactions between disembodied amino acid residues and the target surface are identified and used to anchor de novo designed interfaces. The method was used to design proteins that bind a conserved surface patch on the stem of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus. After affinity maturation, two of the designed proteins, HB36 and HB80, bind H1 and H5 HAs with low nanomolar affinity. Further, HB80 inhibits the HA fusogenic conformational changes induced at low pH. The crystal structure of HB36 in complex with 1918/H1 HA revealed that the actual binding interface is nearly identical to that in the computational design model. Such designed binding proteins may be useful for both diagnostics and therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164876/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164876/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleishman, Sarel J -- Whitehead, Timothy A -- Ekiert, Damian C -- Dreyfus, Cyrille -- Corn, Jacob E -- Strauch, Eva-Maria -- Wilson, Ian A -- Baker, David -- AI057141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM080209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):816-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1202617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computational Biology ; *Computer Simulation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Library ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Software
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    Crystal structure of the dynein motor domain (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Dyneins are microtubule-based motor proteins that power ciliary beating, transport intracellular cargos, and help to construct the mitotic spindle. Evolved from ring-shaped hexameric AAA-family adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), dynein's large size and complexity have posed challenges for understanding its structure and mechanism. Here, we present a 6 angstrom crystal structure of a functional dimer of two ~300-kilodalton motor domains of yeast cytoplasmic dynein. The structure reveals an unusual asymmetric arrangement of ATPase domains in the ring-shaped motor domain, the manner in which the mechanical element interacts with the ATPase ring, and an unexpected interaction between two coiled coils that create a base for the microtubule binding domain. The arrangement of these elements provides clues as to how adenosine triphosphate-driven conformational changes might be transmitted across the motor domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Cho, Carol -- Jin, Lan -- Vale, Ronald D -- MC_UP_A025_1011/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1159-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1202393. Epub 2011 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. cartera@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Methionine/chemistry ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Nectins establish a checkerboard-like cellular pattern in the auditory epithelium (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: In the auditory epithelium of the cochlea, the sensory hair cells and supporting cells are arranged in a checkerboard-like fashion, but the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. We found that mouse hair cells and supporting cells express the immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules nectin-1 and -3, respectively, and that their interaction mediates the heterotypic adhesion between these two cell types. Genetic removal of nectin-1 or -3 disrupted the checkerboard-like pattern, inducing aberrant attachment between hair cells. When cells expressing either nectin-1 or -3 were cocultured, they arranged themselves into a mosaic pattern. Thus, nectin-1 and -3 promote the formation of the checkerboard-like pattern of the auditory epithelia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Togashi, Hideru -- Kominami, Kanoko -- Waseda, Masazumi -- Komura, Hitomi -- Miyoshi, Jun -- Takeichi, Masatoshi -- Takai, Yoshimi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1208467. Epub 2011 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Organ of Corti/*cytology/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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    Widespread RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: The transmission of information from DNA to RNA is a critical process. We compared RNA sequences from human B cells of 27 individuals to the corresponding DNA sequences from the same individuals and uncovered more than 10,000 exonic sites where the RNA sequences do not match that of the DNA. All 12 possible categories of discordances were observed. These differences were nonrandom as many sites were found in multiple individuals and in different cell types, including primary skin cells and brain tissues. Using mass spectrometry, we detected peptides that are translated from the discordant RNA sequences and thus do not correspond exactly to the DNA sequences. These widespread RNA-DNA differences in the human transcriptome provide a yet unexplored aspect of genome variation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Mingyao -- Wang, Isabel X -- Li, Yun -- Bruzel, Alan -- Richards, Allison L -- Toung, Jonathan M -- Cheung, Vivian G -- R01 HG005854/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005854-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207018. Epub 2011 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteome/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Skin/cytology ; Untranslated Regions
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    Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Black bears hibernate for 5 to 7 months a year and, during this time, do not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. We measured metabolic rate and body temperature in hibernating black bears and found that they suppress metabolism to 25% of basal rates while regulating body temperature from 30 degrees to 36 degrees C, in multiday cycles. Heart rates were reduced from 55 to as few as 9 beats per minute, with profound sinus arrhythmia. After returning to normal body temperature and emerging from dens, bears maintained a reduced metabolic rate for up to 3 weeks. The pronounced reduction and delayed recovery of metabolic rate in hibernating bears suggest that the majority of metabolic suppression during hibernation is independent of lowered body temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toien, Oivind -- Blake, John -- Edgar, Dale M -- Grahn, Dennis A -- Heller, H Craig -- Barnes, Brian M -- HD-00973/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):906-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. otoien@alaska.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Metabolism ; *Body Temperature ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Heart Rate ; *Hibernation ; Humans ; Male ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Time Factors ; Ursidae/metabolism/*physiology
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    Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: insights from the co-structure of AMA1 with a RON2 peptide (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species actively invade host cells through a moving junction (MJ) complex assembled at the parasite-host cell interface. MJ assembly is initiated by injection of parasite rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) into the host cell, where RON2 spans the membrane and functions as a receptor for apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) on the parasite. We have determined the structure of TgAMA1 complexed with a RON2 peptide at 1.95 angstrom resolution. A stepwise assembly mechanism results in an extensive buried surface area, enabling the MJ complex to resist the mechanical forces encountered during host cell invasion. Besides providing insights into host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, the structure offers a basis for designing therapeutics targeting these global pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tonkin, Michelle L -- Roques, Magali -- Lamarque, Mauld H -- Pugniere, Martine -- Douguet, Dominique -- Crawford, Joanna -- Lebrun, Maryse -- Boulanger, Martin J -- MOP82915/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):463-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1204988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/chemistry/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protozoan Proteins/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasma/chemistry/*metabolism/*pathogenicity/ultrastructure
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    Proteoglycan-specific molecular switch for RPTPsigma clustering and neuronal extension (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs and CSPGs, respectively) regulate numerous cell surface signaling events, with typically opposite effects on cell function. CSPGs inhibit nerve regeneration through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPsigma). Here we report that RPTPsigma acts bimodally in sensory neuron extension, mediating CSPG inhibition and HSPG growth promotion. Crystallographic analyses of a shared HSPG-CSPG binding site reveal a conformational plasticity that can accommodate diverse glycosaminoglycans with comparable affinities. Heparan sulfate and analogs induced RPTPsigma ectodomain oligomerization in solution, which was inhibited by chondroitin sulfate. RPTPsigma and HSPGs colocalize in puncta on sensory neurons in culture, whereas CSPGs occupy the extracellular matrix. These results lead to a model where proteoglycans can exert opposing effects on neuronal extension by competing to control the oligomerization of a common receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coles, Charlotte H -- Shen, Yingjie -- Tenney, Alan P -- Siebold, Christian -- Sutton, Geoffrey C -- Lu, Weixian -- Gallagher, John T -- Jones, E Yvonne -- Flanagan, John G -- Aricescu, A Radu -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- EY11559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD29417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417-20/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):484-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200840. Epub 2011 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Extracellular Matrix ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Glypicans/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurocan/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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    Selective inhibition of a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 restores proteostasis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: Many biological processes are regulated through the selective dephosphorylation of proteins. Protein serine-threonine phosphatases are assembled from catalytic subunits bound to diverse regulatory subunits that provide substrate specificity and subcellular localization. We describe a small molecule, guanabenz, that bound to a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1, PPP1R15A/GADD34, selectively disrupting the stress-induced dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha). Without affecting the related PPP1R15B-phosphatase complex and constitutive protein synthesis, guanabenz prolonged eIF2alpha phosphorylation in human stressed cells, adjusting the protein production rates to levels manageable by available chaperones. This favored protein folding and thereby rescued cells from protein misfolding stress. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property used here to restore proteostasis in stressed cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsaytler, Pavel -- Harding, Heather P -- Ron, David -- Bertolotti, Anne -- 084812/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):91-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1201396. Epub 2011 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/*pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Clonidine/pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Guanabenz/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein Folding/drug effects ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Subunits/drug effects/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Tunicamycin
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    The structure of the kinesin-1 motor-tail complex reveals the mechanism of autoinhibition (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: When not transporting cargo, kinesin-1 is autoinhibited by binding of a tail region to the motor domains, but the mechanism of inhibition is unclear. We report the crystal structure of a motor domain dimer in complex with its tail domain at 2.2 angstroms and compare it with a structure of the motor domain alone at 2.7 angstroms. These structures indicate that neither an induced conformational change nor steric blocking is the cause of inhibition. Instead, the tail cross-links the motor domains at a second position, in addition to the coiled coil. This "double lockdown," by cross-linking at two positions, prevents the movement of the motor domains that is needed to undock the neck linker and release adenosine diphosphate. This autoinhibition mechanism could extend to some other kinesins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339660/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339660/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaan, Hung Yi Kristal -- Hackney, David D -- Kozielski, Frank -- NS058848/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS058848/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS058848-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):883-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1204824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinesin/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell proliferation; the mechanisms linking these events are unknown. We identify two recurrent somatic mutations in and near the selectivity filter of the potassium (K(+)) channel KCNJ5 that are present in 8 of 22 human APAs studied. Both produce increased sodium (Na(+)) conductance and cell depolarization, which in adrenal glomerulosa cells produces calcium (Ca(2+)) entry, the signal for aldosterone production and cell proliferation. Similarly, we identify an inherited KCNJ5 mutation that produces increased Na(+) conductance in a Mendelian form of severe aldosteronism and massive bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. These findings explain pathogenesis in a subset of patients with severe hypertension and implicate loss of K(+) channel selectivity in constitutive cell proliferation and hormone production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Murim -- Scholl, Ute I -- Yue, Peng -- Bjorklund, Peyman -- Zhao, Bixiao -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Ji, Weizhen -- Cho, Yoonsang -- Patel, Aniruddh -- Men, Clara J -- Lolis, Elias -- Wisgerhof, Max V -- Geller, David S -- Mane, Shrikant -- Hellman, Per -- Westin, Gunnar -- Akerstrom, Goran -- Wang, Wenhui -- Carling, Tobias -- Lifton, Richard P -- DK54983/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 AR060300/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):768-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1198785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ; Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Sodium/metabolism ; Zona Glomerulosa/metabolism/pathology
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    Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, Yasufumi -- Iketani, Masumi -- Kurihara, Yuji -- Yamaguchi, Megumi -- Yamashita, Naoya -- Nakamura, Fumio -- Arie, Yuko -- Kawasaki, Takahiko -- Hirata, Tatsumi -- Abe, Takaya -- Kiyonari, Hiroshi -- Strittmatter, Stephen M -- Goshima, Yoshio -- Takei, Kohtaro -- R37 NS033020/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS033020-19/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):769-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1204144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myelin Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/*cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Prosencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Embryonic stem cells. Researchers mull impact of Geron's sudden exit from field (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1043. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6059.1043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biotechnology/economics/manpower ; California ; Cell Line ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Humans ; Neural Stem Cells/*transplantation ; Neurogenesis ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology/transplantation ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*therapy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation
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    Structural basis of silencing: Sir3 BAH domain in complex with a nucleosome at 3.0 A resolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: Gene silencing is essential for regulating cell fate in eukaryotes. Altered chromatin architectures contribute to maintaining the silenced state in a variety of species. The silent information regulator (Sir) proteins regulate mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these proteins, Sir3, interacts directly with the nucleosome to help generate silenced domains. We determined the crystal structure of a complex of the yeast Sir3 BAH (bromo-associated homology) domain and the nucleosome core particle at 3.0 angstrom resolution. We see multiple molecular interactions between the protein surfaces of the nucleosome and the BAH domain that explain numerous genetic mutations. These interactions are accompanied by structural rearrangements in both the nucleosome and the BAH domain. The structure explains how covalent modifications on H4K16 and H3K79 regulate formation of a silencing complex that contains the nucleosome as a central component.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098850/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098850/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armache, Karim-Jean -- Garlick, Joseph D -- Canzio, Daniele -- Narlikar, Geeta J -- Kingston, Robert E -- GM043901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR012408/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM048405/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):977-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1210915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Longer trips possible for human missions (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christou, Apostolos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):37. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6025.37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Minor Planets ; *Space Flight ; Time Factors
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    Direct ubiquitination of pattern recognition receptor FLS2 attenuates plant innate immunity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Innate immune responses are triggered by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The Arabidopsis PRR FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) senses bacterial flagellin and initiates immune signaling through association with BAK1. The molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of FLS2 activation are largely unknown. We report that flagellin induces recruitment of two closely related U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases, PUB12 and PUB13, to FLS2 receptor complex in Arabidopsis. BAK1 phosphorylates PUB12 and PUB13 and is required for FLS2-PUB12/13 association. PUB12 and PUB13 polyubiquitinate FLS2 and promote flagellin-induced FLS2 degradation, and the pub12 and pub13 mutants displayed elevated immune responses to flagellin treatment. Our study has revealed a unique regulatory circuit of direct ubiquitination and turnover of FLS2 by BAK1-mediated phosphorylation and recruitment of specific E3 ligases for attenuation of immune signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Dongping -- Lin, Wenwei -- Gao, Xiquan -- Wu, Shujing -- Cheng, Cheng -- Avila, Julian -- Heese, Antje -- Devarenne, Timothy P -- He, Ping -- Shan, Libo -- R01 GM092893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM092893-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097247/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM092893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1439-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1204903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Flagellin/*immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Diseases/*immunology/microbiology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Pseudomonas syringae/growth & development/immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Sequence and structural convergence of broad and potent HIV antibodies that mimic CD4 binding (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Passive transfer of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies can prevent infection, which suggests that vaccines that elicit such antibodies would be protective. Thus far, however, few broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies that occur naturally have been characterized. To determine whether these antibodies are part of a larger group of related molecules, we cloned 576 new HIV antibodies from four unrelated individuals. All four individuals produced expanded clones of potent broadly neutralizing CD4-binding-site antibodies that mimic binding to CD4. Despite extensive hypermutation, the new antibodies shared a consensus sequence of 68 immunoglobulin H (IgH) chain amino acids and arise independently from two related IgH genes. Comparison of the crystal structure of one of the antibodies to the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 revealed conservation of the contacts to the HIV spike.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Ueberheide, Beatrix -- Diskin, Ron -- Klein, Florian -- Oliveira, Thiago Y K -- Pietzsch, John -- Fenyo, David -- Abadir, Alexander -- Velinzon, Klara -- Hurley, Arlene -- Myung, Sunnie -- Boulad, Farid -- Poignard, Pascal -- Burton, Dennis R -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Ho, David D -- Walker, Bruce D -- Seaman, Michael S -- Bjorkman, Pamela J -- Chait, Brian T -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- P01 AI081677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR022220/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1633-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1207227. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/immunology/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation
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    Suppression of avian influenza transmission in genetically modified chickens (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Infection of chickens with avian influenza virus poses a global threat to both poultry production and human health that is not adequately controlled by vaccination or by biosecurity measures. A novel alternative strategy is to develop chickens that are genetically resistant to infection. We generated transgenic chickens expressing a short-hairpin RNA designed to function as a decoy that inhibits and blocks influenza virus polymerase and hence interferes with virus propagation. Susceptibility to primary challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and onward transmission dynamics were determined. Although the transgenic birds succumbed to the initial experimental challenge, onward transmission to both transgenic and nontransgenic birds was prevented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyall, Jon -- Irvine, Richard M -- Sherman, Adrian -- McKinley, Trevelyan J -- Nunez, Alejandro -- Purdie, Auriol -- Outtrim, Linzy -- Brown, Ian H -- Rolleston-Smith, Genevieve -- Sang, Helen -- Tiley, Laurence -- BB/G00479X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/00239/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/00301/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):223-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1198020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; Chickens/*genetics/virology ; Cloaca/virology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/enzymology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Influenza in Birds/*prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; Oropharynx/virology ; RNA Replicase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
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    Conserved eukaryotic fusogens can fuse viral envelopes to cells (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: Caenorhabditis elegans proteins AFF-1 and EFF-1 [C. elegans fusion family (CeFF) proteins] are essential for developmental cell-to-cell fusion and can merge insect cells. To study the structure and function of AFF-1, we constructed vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) displaying AFF-1 on the viral envelope, substituting the native fusogen VSV glycoprotein. Electron microscopy and tomography revealed that AFF-1 formed distinct supercomplexes resembling pentameric and hexameric "flowers" on pseudoviruses. Viruses carrying AFF-1 infected mammalian cells only when CeFFs were on the target cell surface. Furthermore, we identified fusion family (FF) proteins within and beyond nematodes, and divergent members from the human parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis and the chordate Branchiostoma floridae could also fuse mammalian cells. Thus, FF proteins are part of an ancient family of cellular fusogens that can promote fusion when expressed on a viral particle.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avinoam, Ori -- Fridman, Karen -- Valansi, Clari -- Abutbul, Inbal -- Zeev-Ben-Mordehai, Tzviya -- Maurer, Ulrike E -- Sapir, Amir -- Danino, Dganit -- Grunewald, Kay -- White, Judith M -- Podbilewicz, Benjamin -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090895/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AI22470/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI022470/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI022470-24/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):589-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1202333. Epub 2011 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arthropods/chemistry ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/chemistry ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Chordata, Nonvertebrate/chemistry ; Ctenophora/chemistry ; *Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Naegleria fowleri/chemistry ; Nematoda/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structure of precursor-bound NifEN: a nitrogenase FeMo cofactor maturase/insertase (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: NifEN plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of the nitrogenase iron-molybdenum (FeMo) cofactor (M cluster). It is an alpha(2)beta(2) tetramer that is homologous to the catalytic molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein (NifDK) component of nitrogenase. NifEN serves as a scaffold for the conversion of an iron-only precursor to a matured form of the M cluster before delivering the latter to its target location within NifDK. Here, we present the structure of the precursor-bound NifEN of Azotobacter vinelandii at 2.6 angstrom resolution. From a structural comparison of NifEN with des-M-cluster NifDK and holo NifDK, we propose similar pathways of cluster insertion for the homologous NifEN and NifDK proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jens T -- Hu, Yilin -- Wiig, Jared A -- Rees, Douglas C -- Ribbe, Markus W -- GM-45162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-67626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067626-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):91-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1196954.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Azotobacter vinelandii/*chemistry/enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molybdoferredoxin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogenase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Precursors/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Computation-guided backbone grafting of a discontinuous motif onto a protein scaffold (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: The manipulation of protein backbone structure to control interaction and function is a challenge for protein engineering. We integrated computational design with experimental selection for grafting the backbone and side chains of a two-segment HIV gp120 epitope, targeted by the cross-neutralizing antibody b12, onto an unrelated scaffold protein. The final scaffolds bound b12 with high specificity and with affinity similar to that of gp120, and crystallographic analysis of a scaffold bound to b12 revealed high structural mimicry of the gp120-b12 complex structure. The method can be generalized to design other functional proteins through backbone grafting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Azoitei, Mihai L -- Correia, Bruno E -- Ban, Yih-En Andrew -- Carrico, Chris -- Kalyuzhniy, Oleksandr -- Chen, Lei -- Schroeter, Alexandria -- Huang, Po-Ssu -- McLellan, Jason S -- Kwong, Peter D -- Baker, David -- Strong, Roland K -- Schief, William R -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):373-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1209368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Surface Plasmon Resonance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Successful transmission of a retrovirus depends on the commensal microbiota (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: To establish chronic infections, viruses must develop strategies to evade the host's immune responses. Many retroviruses, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), are transmitted most efficiently through mucosal surfaces rich in microbiota. We found that MMTV, when ingested by newborn mice, stimulates a state of unresponsiveness toward viral antigens. This process required the intestinal microbiota, as antibiotic-treated mice or germ-free mice did not transmit infectious virus to their offspring. MMTV-bound bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggered Toll-like receptor 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent induction of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10. Thus, MMTV has evolved to rely on the interaction with the microbiota to induce an immune evasion pathway. Together, these findings reveal the fundamental importance of commensal microbiota in viral infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kane, Melissa -- Case, Laure K -- Kopaskie, Karyl -- Kozlova, Alena -- MacDearmid, Cameron -- Chervonsky, Alexander V -- Golovkina, Tatyana V -- AI082418/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI090084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA100383/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA134667/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI090084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI065382-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007183/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):245-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1210718.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Female ; Germ-Free Life ; *Immune Evasion ; Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*virology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology/metabolism ; Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/*transmission/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    A key enzyme in the biogenesis of lysosomes is a protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: Mucolipidosis II is a severe lysosomal storage disorder caused by defects in the alpha and beta subunits of the hexameric N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex essential for the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal on lysosomal enzymes. Cleavage of the membrane-bound alpha/beta-subunit precursor by an unknown protease is required for catalytic activity. Here we found that the alpha/beta-subunit precursor is cleaved by the site-1 protease (S1P) that activates sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in response to cholesterol deprivation. S1P-deficient cells failed to activate the alpha/beta-subunit precursor and exhibited a mucolipidosis II-like phenotype. Thus, S1P functions in the biogenesis of lysosomes, and lipid-independent phenotypes of S1P deficiency may be caused by lysosomal dysfunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marschner, Katrin -- Kollmann, Katrin -- Schweizer, Michaela -- Braulke, Thomas -- Pohl, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):87-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1205677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Chondrocytes/cytology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Precursors/chemistry/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lysosomes/enzymology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mannosephosphates/metabolism ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mucolipidoses/enzymology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase/metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Proprotein Convertases/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    LysM-type mycorrhizal receptor recruited for rhizobium symbiosis in nonlegume Parasponia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Rhizobium-root nodule symbiosis is generally considered to be unique for legumes. However, there is one exception, and that is Parasponia. In this nonlegume, the rhizobial nodule symbiosis evolved independently and is, as in legumes, induced by rhizobium Nod factors. We used Parasponia andersonii to identify genetic constraints underlying evolution of Nod factor signaling. Part of the signaling cascade, downstream of Nod factor perception, has been recruited from the more-ancient arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis. However, legume Nod factor receptors that activate this common signaling pathway are not essential for arbuscular endomycorrhizae. Here, we show that in Parasponia a single Nod factor-like receptor is indispensable for both symbiotic interactions. Therefore, we conclude that the Nod factor perception mechanism also is recruited from the widespread endomycorrhizal symbiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Op den Camp, Rik -- Streng, Arend -- De Mita, Stephane -- Cao, Qingqin -- Polone, Elisa -- Liu, Wei -- Ammiraju, Jetty S S -- Kudrna, Dave -- Wing, Rod -- Untergasser, Andreas -- Bisseling, Ton -- Geurts, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):909-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1198181. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium/*physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Ulmaceae/genetics/*microbiology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 90
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    A potent and broad neutralizing antibody recognizes and penetrates the HIV glycan shield (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: The HIV envelope (Env) protein gp120 is protected from antibody recognition by a dense glycan shield. However, several of the recently identified PGT broadly neutralizing antibodies appear to interact directly with the HIV glycan coat. Crystal structures of antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) PGT 127 and 128 with Man(9) at 1.65 and 1.29 angstrom resolution, respectively, and glycan binding data delineate a specific high mannose-binding site. Fab PGT 128 complexed with a fully glycosylated gp120 outer domain at 3.25 angstroms reveals that the antibody penetrates the glycan shield and recognizes two conserved glycans as well as a short beta-strand segment of the gp120 V3 loop, accounting for its high binding affinity and broad specificity. Furthermore, our data suggest that the high neutralization potency of PGT 127 and 128 immunoglobulin Gs may be mediated by cross-linking Env trimers on the viral surface.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280215/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280215/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pejchal, Robert -- Doores, Katie J -- Walker, Laura M -- Khayat, Reza -- Huang, Po-Ssu -- Wang, Sheng-Kai -- Stanfield, Robyn L -- Julien, Jean-Philippe -- Ramos, Alejandra -- Crispin, Max -- Depetris, Rafael -- Katpally, Umesh -- Marozsan, Andre -- Cupo, Albert -- Maloveste, Sebastien -- Liu, Yan -- McBride, Ryan -- Ito, Yukishige -- Sanders, Rogier W -- Ogohara, Cassandra -- Paulson, James C -- Feizi, Ten -- Scanlan, Christopher N -- Wong, Chi-Huey -- Moore, John P -- Olson, William C -- Ward, Andrew B -- Poignard, Pascal -- Schief, William R -- Burton, Dennis R -- Wilson, Ian A -- AI082362/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI33292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI74372/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI84817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI074372-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HFE-224662/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 AI082362/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI082362-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI082362-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI033292-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084817-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR017573/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA128416/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1097-103. doi: 10.1126/science.1213256. Epub 2011 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center, nhe Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Epitopes ; Glycosylation ; HIV Antibodies/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV-1/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mannose/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mannosides/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Distinct properties of the XY pseudoautosomal region crucial for male meiosis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Meiosis requires that each chromosome find its homologous partner and undergo at least one crossover. X-Y chromosome segregation hinges on efficient crossing-over in a very small region of homology, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). We find that mouse PAR DNA occupies unusually long chromosome axes, potentially as shorter chromatin loops, predicted to promote double-strand break (DSB) formation. Most PARs show delayed appearance of RAD51/DMC1 foci, which mark DSB ends, and all PARs undergo delayed DSB-mediated homologous pairing. Analysis of Spo11beta isoform-specific transgenic mice revealed that late RAD51/DMC1 foci in the PAR are genetically distinct from both early PAR foci and global foci and that late PAR foci promote efficient X-Y pairing, recombination, and male fertility. Our findings uncover specific mechanisms that surmount the unique challenges of X-Y recombination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151169/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151169/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kauppi, Liisa -- Barchi, Marco -- Baudat, Frederic -- Romanienko, Peter J -- Keeney, Scott -- Jasin, Maria -- R01 HD040916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):916-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1195774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosome Segregation ; *Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms ; Rad51 Recombinase/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*physiology ; Y Chromosome/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The structure of human 5-lipoxygenase (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: The synthesis of both proinflammatory leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory lipoxins requires the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX activity is short-lived, apparently in part because of an intrinsic instability of the enzyme. We identified a 5-LOX-specific destabilizing sequence that is involved in orienting the carboxyl terminus, which binds the catalytic iron. Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.4 angstrom resolution of human 5-LOX stabilized by replacement of this sequence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, Nathaniel C -- Bartlett, Sue G -- Waight, Maria T -- Neau, David B -- Boeglin, William E -- Brash, Alan R -- Newcomer, Marcia E -- GM-15431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM015431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM015431-44/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL107887/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):217-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1197203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Stability ; Humans ; Iron/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    N-terminal acetylation acts as an avidity enhancer within an interconnected multiprotein complex (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: Although many eukaryotic proteins are amino (N)-terminally acetylated, structural mechanisms by which N-terminal acetylation mediates protein interactions are largely unknown. Here, we found that N-terminal acetylation of the E2 enzyme, Ubc12, dictates distinctive E3-dependent ligation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to Cul1. Structural, biochemical, biophysical, and genetic analyses revealed how complete burial of Ubc12's N-acetyl-methionine in a hydrophobic pocket in the E3, Dcn1, promotes cullin neddylation. The results suggest that the N-terminal acetyl both directs Ubc12's interactions with Dcn1 and prevents repulsion of a charged N terminus. Our data provide a link between acetylation and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation and define a mechanism for N-terminal acetylation-dependent recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214010/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214010/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Daniel C -- Monda, Julie K -- Bennett, Eric J -- Harper, J Wade -- Schulman, Brenda A -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765-33/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054137-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069530-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):674-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1209307. Epub 2011 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
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    The leukemogenicity of AML1-ETO is dependent on site-specific lysine acetylation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: The chromosomal translocations found in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) generate oncogenic fusion transcription factors with aberrant transcriptional regulatory properties. Although therapeutic targeting of most leukemia fusion proteins remains elusive, the posttranslational modifications that control their function could be targetable. We found that AML1-ETO, the fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) translocation, is acetylated by the transcriptional coactivator p300 in leukemia cells isolated from t(8;21) AML patients, and that this acetylation is essential for its self-renewal-promoting effects in human cord blood CD34(+) cells and its leukemogenicity in mouse models. Inhibition of p300 abrogates the acetylation of AML1-ETO and impairs its ability to promote leukemic transformation. Thus, lysine acetyltransferases represent a potential therapeutic target in AML.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251012/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251012/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Lan -- Gural, Alexander -- Sun, Xiao-Jian -- Zhao, Xinyang -- Perna, Fabiana -- Huang, Gang -- Hatlen, Megan A -- Vu, Ly -- Liu, Fan -- Xu, Haiming -- Asai, Takashi -- Xu, Hao -- Deblasio, Tony -- Menendez, Silvia -- Voza, Francesca -- Jiang, Yanwen -- Cole, Philip A -- Zhang, Jinsong -- Melnick, Ari -- Roeder, Robert G -- Nimer, Stephen D -- GM62437/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062437/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062437-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):765-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1201662. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/chemistry/*metabolism ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*metabolism/pathology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry/*metabolism ; Preleukemia/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    SIRT6 promotes DNA repair under stress by activating PARP1 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a mammalian homolog of the yeast Sir2 deacetylase. Mice deficient for SIRT6 exhibit genome instability. Here, we show that in mammalian cells subjected to oxidative stress SIRT6 is recruited to the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and stimulates DSB repair, through both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination. Our results indicate that SIRT6 physically associates with poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and mono-ADP-ribosylates PARP1 on lysine residue 521, thereby stimulating PARP1 poly-ADP-ribosylase activity and enhancing DSB repair under oxidative stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mao, Zhiyong -- Hine, Christopher -- Tian, Xiao -- Van Meter, Michael -- Au, Matthew -- Vaidya, Amita -- Seluanov, Andrei -- Gorbunova, Vera -- F31 AG041603/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027237/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1443-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1202723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Point Mutation ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Discovery of a viral NLR homolog that inhibits the inflammasome (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: The NLR (nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat) family of proteins senses microbial infections and activates the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that promotes microbial clearance. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked to several human malignancies. We found that KSHV Orf63 is a viral homolog of human NLRP1. Orf63 blocked NLRP1-dependent innate immune responses, including caspase-1 activation and processing of interleukins IL-1beta and IL-18. KSHV Orf63 interacted with NLRP1, NLRP3, and NOD2. Inhibition of Orf63 expression resulted in increased expression of IL-1beta during the KSHV life cycle. Furthermore, inhibition of NLRP1 was necessary for efficient reactivation and generation of progeny virus. The viral homolog subverts the function of cellular NLRs, which suggests that modulation of NLR-mediated innate immunity is important for the lifelong persistence of herpesviruses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072027/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072027/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregory, Sean M -- Davis, Beckley K -- West, John A -- Taxman, Debra J -- Matsuzawa, Shu-ichi -- Reed, John C -- Ting, Jenny P Y -- Damania, Blossom -- 5R21CA131645/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077437/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI56324/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI91967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA096500/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA156330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DE018281/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- F32-AI78735/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096500/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096500-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE018281/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE018281-05/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):330-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1199478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Evasion ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammasomes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/virology ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A dynamic knockout reveals that conformational fluctuations influence the chemical step of enzyme catalysis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Conformational dynamics play a key role in enzyme catalysis. Although protein motions have clear implications for ligand flux, a role for dynamics in the chemical step of enzyme catalysis has not been clearly established. We generated a mutant of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase that abrogates millisecond-time-scale fluctuations in the enzyme active site without perturbing its structural and electrostatic preorganization. This dynamic knockout severely impairs hydride transfer. Thus, we have found a link between conformational fluctuations on the millisecond time scale and the chemical step of an enzymatic reaction, with broad implications for our understanding of enzyme mechanisms and for design of novel protein catalysts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151171/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151171/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhabha, Gira -- Lee, Jeeyeon -- Ekiert, Damian C -- Gam, Jongsik -- Wilson, Ian A -- Dyson, H Jane -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- Wright, Peter E -- GM080209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM75995/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075995/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):234-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1198542.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Folic Acid/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; NADP/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Pyrazinamide inhibits trans-translation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line tuberculosis drug that plays a unique role in shortening the duration of tuberculosis chemotherapy. PZA is hydrolyzed intracellularly to pyrazinoic acid (POA) by pyrazinamidase (PZase, encoded by pncA), an enzyme frequently lost in PZA-resistant strains, but the target of POA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has remained elusive. Here, we identify a previously unknown target of POA as the ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA), a vital protein involved in protein translation and the ribosome-sparing process of trans-translation. Three PZA-resistant clinical isolates without pncA mutation harbored RpsA mutations. RpsA overexpression conferred increased PZA resistance, and we confirmed that POA bound to RpsA (but not a clinically identified DeltaAla mutant) and subsequently inhibited trans-translation rather than canonical translation. Trans-translation is essential for freeing scarce ribosomes in nonreplicating organisms, and its inhibition may explain the ability of PZA to eradicate persisting organisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3502614/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3502614/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Wanliang -- Zhang, Xuelian -- Jiang, Xin -- Yuan, Haiming -- Lee, Jong Seok -- Barry, Clifton E 3rd -- Wang, Honghai -- Zhang, Wenhong -- Zhang, Ying -- AI44063/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AI000783-16/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1630-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1208813. Epub 2011 Aug 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antitubercular Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Prodrugs/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyrazinamide/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/*pharmacology ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism
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    A family of IFN-gamma-inducible 65-kD GTPases protects against bacterial infection (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Immune interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is essential for mammalian host defense against intracellular pathogens. IFN-gamma induces nearly 2000 host genes, yet few have any assigned function. Here, we examined a complete mouse 65-kilodalton (kD) guanylate-binding protein (Gbp) gene family as part of a 43-member IFN-gamma-inducible guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) superfamily in mouse and human genomes. Family-wide loss-of-function analysis found that at least four Gbps--Gbp1, Gbp6, Gbp7, and Gbp10--conferred cell-autonomous immunity to listerial or mycobacterial infection within macrophages and gene-deficient animals. These Gbps solicited host defense proteins, including the phagocyte oxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and autophagy effectors, to kill intracellular bacteria. Thus, specific 65-kD Gbps coordinate a potent oxidative and vesicular trafficking program to protect the host from infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Bae-Hoon -- Shenoy, Avinash R -- Kumar, Pradeep -- Das, Rituparna -- Tiwari, Sangeeta -- MacMicking, John D -- R01 AI068041-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):717-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1201711.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Centre for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development/immunology/pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mycobacterium bovis/growth & development/immunology/pathogenicity ; NADPH Oxidase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peptides/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Tuberculosis/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology
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    A Burkholderia pseudomallei toxin inhibits helicase activity of translation factor eIF4A (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: The structure of BPSL1549, a protein of unknown function from Burkholderia pseudomallei, reveals a similarity to Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. We found that BPSL1549 acted as a potent cytotoxin against eukaryotic cells and was lethal when administered to mice. Expression levels of bpsl1549 correlate with conditions expected to promote or suppress pathogenicity. BPSL1549 promotes deamidation of glutamine-339 of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, abolishing its helicase activity and inhibiting translation. We propose to name BPSL1549 Burkholderia lethal factor 1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364511/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364511/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cruz-Migoni, Abimael -- Hautbergue, Guillaume M -- Artymiuk, Peter J -- Baker, Patrick J -- Bokori-Brown, Monika -- Chang, Chung-Te -- Dickman, Mark J -- Essex-Lopresti, Angela -- Harding, Sarah V -- Mahadi, Nor Muhammad -- Marshall, Laura E -- Mobbs, George W -- Mohamed, Rahmah -- Nathan, Sheila -- Ngugi, Sarah A -- Ong, Catherine -- Ooi, Wen Fong -- Partridge, Lynda J -- Phillips, Helen L -- Raih, M Firdaus -- Ruzheinikov, Sergei -- Sarkar-Tyson, Mitali -- Sedelnikova, Svetlana E -- Smither, Sophie J -- Tan, Patrick -- Titball, Richard W -- Wilson, Stuart A -- Rice, David W -- 085162/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/D011795/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D524975/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E025293/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT085162AIA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):821-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1211915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Burkholderia pseudomallei/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytotoxins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/toxicity ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/toxicity ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational/drug effects ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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