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  • 1
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    Tau accumulation inactivates CREB by CaN [Neuroscience] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Intracellular accumulation of wild-type tau is a hallmark of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying tau-induced synapse impairment and memory deficit are poorly understood. Here we found that overexpression of human wild-type full-length tau (termed hTau) induced memory deficits with impairments of synaptic plasticity. Both in vivo...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Pore architecture of nanoporous gold and titania by hydrogen thermoporometry (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-11
    Description: Nanoporous gold (NPG) and materials derived from it by templating have complex pore architecture that determines their technologically relevant physical properties. Here, we apply high-resolution hydrogen thermoporometry to study the pore structure of NPG and NPG-derived titania nanofoam (TNF). Results reveal complex multimodal pore size distributions for NPG and TNF. The freezing–melting hysteresis is pronounced, with freezing and melting scans having entirely different shapes. Experiments involving partial freeze–melt cycles reveal the lack of direct correlation between individual freezing and melting peaks, pointing to phenomena that are beyond the Gibbs-Thomson formalism. The depression of the average freezing temperature scales linearly with the ratio of the internal surface area (measured by gas sorption) and the total pore volume derived from the density of monoliths. Thermoporometry yields total pore volumes in good agreement with those derived from monolith densities for both NPG and TNF.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Idh1 mutations contribute to T-cell malignancy [Medical Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-03
    Description: Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are key drivers of hematopoietic malignancies. Although these mutations are most commonly associated with myeloid diseases, they also occur in malignancies of the T-cell lineage. To investigate their role in these diseases and provide tractable disease models for further investigation, we analyzed the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Chemistry – turbulence interactions and mesoscale variability influence the cleansing efficiency of the atmosphere (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere and the primary sink for isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted by vegetation. Recent research on the atmospheric oxidation capacity in isoprene dominated environments has suggested missing radical sources leading to significant overestimation of the lifetime of isoprene. Here we report, for the first time, a comprehensive experimental budget of isoprene in the planetary boundary layer based on airborne flux measurements along with in-situ OH observations in the Southeast and Central US. Our findings show that surface heterogeneity of isoprene emissions lead to a physical separation of isoprene and OH resulting in an effective slowdown in the chemistry. Depending on surface heterogeneity, the intensity of segregation (I s ) could locally slow down isoprene chemistry up to 30%. The effect of segregated reactants in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on average has an influence on modelled OH radicals that is comparable to that of recently proposed radical recycling mechanisms.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    TE in ZmCCT reduces maize photoperiod sensitivity [Genetics] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Description: The postdomestication adaptation of maize to longer days required reduced photoperiod sensitivity to optimize flowering time. We performed a genome-wide association study and confirmed that ZmCCT, encoding a CCT domain-containing protein, is associated with the photoperiod response. In early-flowering maize we detected a CACTA-like transposable element (TE) within the ZmCCT...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Structure of the ankyrin-B ZU5-ZU5-UPA-DD tandem [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-28
    Description: Ankyrin-R/B/G (encoded by ANK1/2/3, respectively) are a family of very large scaffold proteins capable of anchoring numerous receptors and ion channels to specific, spectrin-containing membrane micro-domains. Hereditary mutations of ankyrins are known to be associated with diseases including spherocytosis, cardiac arrhythmia, and bipolar disorder in humans, although the underlying molecular bases are poorly understood. The middle spectrin-binding domain of ankyrins contains highly conserved ZU5-ZU5-UPA-DD domains arranged into the ZZUD tandem. Curiously, most of the disease-causing mutations in the tandem have no apparent impact on the spectrin binding of ankyrins. The high resolution structure of the ankyrin-B ZZUD tandem determined here reveals that the ZU5-ZU5-UPA domains form a tightly packed structural supramodule, whereas DD is freely accessible. Although the formation of the ZZU supramodule does not influence the spectrin binding of ankyrins, mutations altering the interdomain interfaces of ZZU impair the functions of ankyrin-B&G. Our structural analysis further indicates that the ZZU supramodule of ankyrins has two additional surfaces that may bind to targets other than spectrin. Finally, the structure of the ankyrin ZZUD provides mechanistic explanations to many disease-causing mutations identified in ankyrin-B&R.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) regulates auxin biosynthesis at high temperature [Plant Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: At high ambient temperature, plants display dramatic stem elongation in an adaptive response to heat. This response is mediated by elevated levels of the phytohormone auxin and requires auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport pathways. The mechanisms by which higher temperature results in greater auxin accumulation are unknown, however. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), is also required for hypocotyl elongation in response to high temperature. PIF4 also acts redundantly with its homolog, PIF5, to regulate diurnal growth rhythms and elongation responses to the threat of vegetative shade. PIF4 activity is reportedly limited in part by binding to both the basic helix-loop-helix protein LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR RED 1 and the DELLA family of growth-repressing proteins. Despite the importance of PIF4 in integrating multiple environmental signals, the mechanisms by which PIF4 controls growth are unknown. Here we demonstrate that PIF4 regulates levels of auxin and the expression of key auxin biosynthesis genes at high temperature. We also identify a family of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) genes that are expressed at high temperature in a PIF4-dependent manner and promote elongation growth. Taken together, our results demonstrate direct molecular links among PIF4, auxin, and elongation growth at high temperature.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    BswR controls bacterial motility and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through modulation of the small RNA rsmZ (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies on cell motility and ability to form biofilms to establish infections; however, the mechanism of regulation remains obscure. Here we report that BswR, a xenobiotic response element-type transcriptional regulator, plays a critical role in regulation of bacterial motility and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa . Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses showed that BswR counteracts the repressor activity of MvaT, controls the transcription of small RNA rsmZ and regulates the biogenesis of bacterial flagella. The crystal structure of BswR was determined at 2.3 Å resolution; the monomer comprises a DNA-binding domain with a helix-turn-helix motif in the N terminus and two helices (α6 and α7) with a V-shaped arrangement in the C-terminus. In addition to the contacts between the parallel helices α5 of two monomers, the two helical extensions (α6 and α7) intertwine together to form a homodimer, which is the biological function unit. Based on the result of DNase I protection assay together with structural analysis of BswR homodimer, we proposed a BswR–DNA model, which suggests a molecular mechanism with which BswR could interact with DNA. Taken together, our results unveiled a novel regulatory mechanism, in which BswR controls the motility and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa by modulating the transcription of small RNA rsmZ .
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Anatomical accuracy of diffusion MRI tractography [Neuroscience] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: Tractography based on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is widely used for mapping the structural connections of the human brain. Its accuracy is known to be limited by technical factors affecting in vivo data acquisition, such as noise, artifacts, and data undersampling resulting from scan time constraints. It generally is assumed that...
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    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: We have produced a draft sequence of the rice genome for the most widely cultivated subspecies in China, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica, by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The genome was 466 megabases in size, with an estimated 46,022 to 55,615 genes. Functional coverage in the assembled sequences was 92.0%. About 42.2% of the genome was in exact 20-nucleotide oligomer repeats, and most of the transposons were in the intergenic regions between genes. Although 80.6% of predicted Arabidopsis thaliana genes had a homolog in rice, only 49.4% of predicted rice genes had a homolog in A. thaliana. The large proportion of rice genes with no recognizable homologs is due to a gradient in the GC content of rice coding sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Jun -- Hu, Songnian -- Wang, Jun -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Li, Songgang -- Liu, Bin -- Deng, Yajun -- Dai, Li -- Zhou, Yan -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Cao, Mengliang -- Liu, Jing -- Sun, Jiandong -- Tang, Jiabin -- Chen, Yanjiong -- Huang, Xiaobing -- Lin, Wei -- Ye, Chen -- Tong, Wei -- Cong, Lijuan -- Geng, Jianing -- Han, Yujun -- Li, Lin -- Li, Wei -- Hu, Guangqiang -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Wenjie -- Li, Jian -- Liu, Zhanwei -- Li, Long -- Liu, Jianping -- Qi, Qiuhui -- Liu, Jinsong -- Li, Li -- Li, Tao -- Wang, Xuegang -- Lu, Hong -- Wu, Tingting -- Zhu, Miao -- Ni, Peixiang -- Han, Hua -- Dong, Wei -- Ren, Xiaoyu -- Feng, Xiaoli -- Cui, Peng -- Li, Xianran -- Wang, Hao -- Xu, Xin -- Zhai, Wenxue -- Xu, Zhao -- Zhang, Jinsong -- He, Sijie -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Xu, Jichen -- Zhang, Kunlin -- Zheng, Xianwu -- Dong, Jianhai -- Zeng, Wanyong -- Tao, Lin -- Ye, Jia -- Tan, Jun -- Ren, Xide -- Chen, Xuewei -- He, Jun -- Liu, Daofeng -- Tian, Wei -- Tian, Chaoguang -- Xia, Hongai -- Bao, Qiyu -- Li, Gang -- Gao, Hui -- Cao, Ting -- Wang, Juan -- Zhao, Wenming -- Li, Ping -- Chen, Wei -- Wang, Xudong -- Zhang, Yong -- Hu, Jianfei -- Wang, Jing -- Liu, Song -- Yang, Jian -- Zhang, Guangyu -- Xiong, Yuqing -- Li, Zhijie -- Mao, Long -- Zhou, Chengshu -- Zhu, Zhen -- Chen, Runsheng -- Hao, Bailin -- Zheng, Weimou -- Chen, Shouyi -- Guo, Wei -- Li, Guojie -- Liu, Siqi -- Tao, Ming -- Wang, Jian -- Zhu, Lihuang -- Yuan, Longping -- Yang, Huanming -- 1 RO1 ES09909/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):79-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beijing Genomics Institute/Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Base Composition ; Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Exons ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/*genetics ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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