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  • 1
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    Physical ecology of hypolithic communities in the Central Namib Desert: The role of fog, rain, rock habitat and light (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-19
    Description: [1]  Hypolithic microbial communities are productive niches in deserts worldwide, but many facets of their basic ecology remain unknown. The Namib Desert is an important site for hypolith study because it has abundant quartz rocks suitable for colonization and extends west to east across a transition from fog to rain dominated moisture sources. We show fog sustains and impacts hypolithic ecology in several ways: (1) fog effectively replaces rainfall in the western zone of the central Namib to enable high (≥95%) hypolithic abundance at landscape (1- 10 km) and larger scales; and (2) high water availability, through fog (western zone) and/or rainfall (eastern zone), results in smaller size-class rocks being colonized (mean 6.3 ± 1.2 cm) at higher proportions (e.g. 98% vs. ca . 3%) than in previously studied hyperarid deserts. We measured 0.1% of incident sunlight as the lower limit for hypolithic growth on quartz rocks in the Namib, and found uncolonized ventral rock surfaces were limited by light rather than moisture. In-situ monitoring showed that, although rainfall supplied more liquid water (36 hrs) per event than fog (mean, 4 hrs), on an equivalent annual basis, fog provided nearly twice as much liquid water as rainfall to the hypolithic zone. Hypolithic abundance reaches 100% at a mean annual precipitation (MAP) ca . 40-60 mm, but at a much lower MAP ( ca . 25 mm) when moisture from fog is available.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Trace metals in Antarctic clam shells record the chemical dynamics of changing sea ice conditions (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The dynamics of freeze and thaw events in Antarctic sea ice impart chemical changes in the underlying sea water. Trace metals in sea ice and accumulated through deposition of dust are released into sea water as sea ice breaks up in spring. Clams such as Laternula elliptica incorporate a record of these and associated chemical dynamics in their carbonate shells. In 2012, we collected samples of L. elliptica from three sites along a sea ice persistence gradient in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea Antarctica. Concentrations of trace metals in the chondrophore of each shell were measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Ablations transected annual growth increments creating time series ranging in length from 13 to 25 yr. An 8‐yr time period of persistent sea ice, associated with presence of the B‐15 and C‐19 icebergs at the entrance of McMurdo Sound, was clearly resolved in the trace element time series. Conservative trace metals (Sr, Ba) were found at higher concentrations, and highly scavenged elements (Pb, Cu) were found at lower concentrations at sites with more persistent sea ice and during the 8‐yr period of iceberg‐influenced sea ice persistence. Bioactive trace metals (Fe, Ni) were found in higher concentrations during ice free conditions, associated with a period of high pelagic productivity. Our results provide an important case study for understanding the chemical signature of changing sea ice dynamics as reflected in bivalve shell material under a changing Antarctic climate.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 3
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    CONSTRAINTS ON THE GENESIS OF THE ARCHEAN OXIDIZED, INTRUSION-RELATED CANADIAN MALARTIC GOLD DEPOSIT, QUEBEC, CANADA--A REPLY (2014)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-28
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 4
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    Sea ice microbial production supports Ross Sea benthic communities: influence of a small but stable subsidy (2011)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-09
    Description: Ecology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Ahead of Print.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 5
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    A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The genome of the japonica subspecies of rice, an important cereal and model monocot, was sequenced and assembled by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled sequence covers 93% of the 420-megabase genome. Gene predictions on the assembled sequence suggest that the genome contains 32,000 to 50,000 genes. Homologs of 98% of the known maize, wheat, and barley proteins are found in rice. Synteny and gene homology between rice and the other cereal genomes are extensive, whereas synteny with Arabidopsis is limited. Assignment of candidate rice orthologs to Arabidopsis genes is possible in many cases. The rice genome sequence provides a foundation for the improvement of cereals, our most important crops.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goff, Stephen A -- Ricke, Darrell -- Lan, Tien-Hung -- Presting, Gernot -- Wang, Ronglin -- Dunn, Molly -- Glazebrook, Jane -- Sessions, Allen -- Oeller, Paul -- Varma, Hemant -- Hadley, David -- Hutchison, Don -- Martin, Chris -- Katagiri, Fumiaki -- Lange, B Markus -- Moughamer, Todd -- Xia, Yu -- Budworth, Paul -- Zhong, Jingping -- Miguel, Trini -- Paszkowski, Uta -- Zhang, Shiping -- Colbert, Michelle -- Sun, Wei-lin -- Chen, Lili -- Cooper, Bret -- Park, Sylvia -- Wood, Todd Charles -- Mao, Long -- Quail, Peter -- Wing, Rod -- Dean, Ralph -- Yu, Yeisoo -- Zharkikh, Andrey -- Shen, Richard -- Sahasrabudhe, Sudhir -- Thomas, Alun -- Cannings, Rob -- Gutin, Alexander -- Pruss, Dmitry -- Reid, Julia -- Tavtigian, Sean -- Mitchell, Jeff -- Eldredge, Glenn -- Scholl, Terri -- Miller, Rose Mary -- Bhatnagar, Satish -- Adey, Nils -- Rubano, Todd -- Tusneem, Nadeem -- Robinson, Rosann -- Feldhaus, Jane -- Macalma, Teresita -- Oliphant, Arnold -- Briggs, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):92-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Torrey Mesa Research Institute, Syngenta, 3115 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. stephen.goff@syngenta.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Oryza/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphate Transport Proteins/genetics ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Plant Structures/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Changes in regulation of a transcription factor lead to autogamy in cultivated tomatoes (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: We report the cloning of Style2.1, the major quantitative trait locus responsible for a key floral attribute (style length) associated with the evolution of self-pollination in cultivated tomatoes. The gene encodes a putative transcription factor that regulates cell elongation in developing styles. The transition from cross-pollination to self-pollination was accompanied, not by a change in the STYLE2.1 protein, but rather by a mutation in the Style2.1 promoter that results in a down-regulation of Style2.1 expression during flower development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Kai-Yi -- Cong, Bin -- Wing, Rod -- Vrebalov, Julia -- Tanksley, Steven D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; Down-Regulation ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Plant ; Genotype ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Lycopersicon esculentum/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Pollen/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reproduction ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    LysM-type mycorrhizal receptor recruited for rhizobium symbiosis in nonlegume Parasponia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Rhizobium-root nodule symbiosis is generally considered to be unique for legumes. However, there is one exception, and that is Parasponia. In this nonlegume, the rhizobial nodule symbiosis evolved independently and is, as in legumes, induced by rhizobium Nod factors. We used Parasponia andersonii to identify genetic constraints underlying evolution of Nod factor signaling. Part of the signaling cascade, downstream of Nod factor perception, has been recruited from the more-ancient arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis. However, legume Nod factor receptors that activate this common signaling pathway are not essential for arbuscular endomycorrhizae. Here, we show that in Parasponia a single Nod factor-like receptor is indispensable for both symbiotic interactions. Therefore, we conclude that the Nod factor perception mechanism also is recruited from the widespread endomycorrhizal symbiosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Op den Camp, Rik -- Streng, Arend -- De Mita, Stephane -- Cao, Qingqin -- Polone, Elisa -- Liu, Wei -- Ammiraju, Jetty S S -- Kudrna, Dave -- Wing, Rod -- Untergasser, Andreas -- Bisseling, Ton -- Geurts, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):909-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1198181. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sinorhizobium/*physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Ulmaceae/genetics/*microbiology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    CTLA-4 deletion in adult mice causes autoimmunity [Immunology and Inflammation] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-27
    Description: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is essential for immunological (self-) tolerance, but due to the early fatality of CTLA-4 KO mice, its specific function in central and peripheral tolerance and in different systemic diseases remains to be determined. Here, we further examined the role of CTLA-4 by abrogating CTLA-4 expression...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Ice fish otoliths record dynamics of advancing and retreating sea ice in Antarctica (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-07
    Description: Trace element concentrations within fish otoliths act as biological tags and environmental chronometers within aquatic environments. Linking patterns in elemental concentrations within ice fish otoliths to sea ice dynamics allows us to better understand the chemical dynamics of ice-covered environments. Here laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of conservative and bioactive trace elements in yearly otolith bands of two benthic ice fishes and one cryopelagic ice fish collected from sites along the gradient in sea ice persistence in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We used a 12-yr time series of satellite images to define summertime extent of ice cover from 2002 to 2014. Elemental concentrations of Sr and Li were higher in the otoliths of the cryopelagic species, while Mn concentrations were higher in the otoliths of benthic species, reflecting differences in species' association with sea ice melt and formation. Multivariate dispersion of individual elemental concentrations was greater within the cryopelagic species, indicative of their more transient residence among sites. Key bioactive and conservative elements differed among years with contrasting sea ice dynamics for both cryopelagic and benthic ice fish species. These differences were likely due to sea ice formation concentrating trace metals from the water column and incorporating resuspended sediments, dust, or glacial meltwater with high metal content. Our results provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of trace element concentration profiles in otoliths as environmental recorders of the dynamics of sea ice conditions, and for the role of ice fish as environmental sentinels in Antarctica.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 10
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    Nocturnal aerial predation of fireflies by light-seeking fireflies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: Female Photuris fireflies guided by their prey's luminescence attack flying fireflies at night. They sometimes use this hunting tactic together with prey attraction by mating-signal mimicry. Such predation could have been a major factor in the evolution of signaling behavior of American fireflies. Nocturnal aerial predation by an insect and attack guidance on energy emitted by airborne prey have not previously been reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, J E -- Wing, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):634-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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