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  • 1
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    A Boreal Songbird's 20,000 km Migration Across North America and the Atlantic Ocean (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, Volume 100, Issue 3, July 2019.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9623
    Electronic ISSN: 2327-6096
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 2
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    RNA dimerization plays a role in ribosomal frameshifting of the SARS coronavirus (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-20
    Description: Messenger RNA encoded signals that are involved in programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) are typically two-stemmed hairpin (H)-type pseudoknots (pks). We previously described an unusual three-stemmed pseudoknot from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) that stimulated -1 PRF. The conserved existence of a third stem–loop suggested an important hitherto unknown function. Here we present new information describing structure and function of the third stem of the SARS pseudoknot. We uncovered RNA dimerization through a palindromic sequence embedded in the SARS-CoV Stem 3. Further in vitro analysis revealed that SARS-CoV RNA dimers assemble through ‘kissing’ loop–loop interactions. We also show that loop–loop kissing complex formation becomes more efficient at physiological temperature and in the presence of magnesium. When the palindromic sequence was mutated, in vitro RNA dimerization was abolished, and frameshifting was reduced from 15 to 5.7%. Furthermore, the inability to dimerize caused by the silent codon change in Stem 3 of SARS-CoV changed the viral growth kinetics and affected the levels of genomic and subgenomic RNA in infected cells. These results suggest that the homodimeric RNA complex formed by the SARS pseudoknot occurs in the cellular environment and that loop–loop kissing interactions involving Stem 3 modulate -1 PRF and play a role in subgenomic and full-length RNA synthesis.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOIL CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR ASSESSED BY SEISMIC VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 29 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Large gravity platforms are often used as alternatives to the more conventional pilesupported structures in hydrocarbon exploitation. A gravity structure, as opposed to the piled structure, is sitting on the sea floor by virtue of its weight and base width; as such it poses considerable problems for the site investigation engineer. One such problem is the calculation of the settlement of the structure and its time history; these depend upon the permeability and compressibility of the soil and its drainage conditions. The required data are usually obtained by sampling for subsequent laboratory testing. The collection of an undisturbed sample is beset by problems so that the consolidation behavior of the foundation material can only be inadequately assessed by laboratory testing. However, a series of laboratory consolidation experiments during which seismic velocities have been measured on the sample as consolidation proceeds shows that it is possible to reconstruct the stress-strain and time-dependent curves from the seismic data, once the initial void ratio and permeability of the soil are known. This leads the way to an in situ technique for predicting settlement using a combination of geophysical techniques (electrical resistivity and seismic velocities) to obtain the required engineering properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1981.tb00705.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMMENT ON “ACOUSTIC MODELING OF THE SEA FLOOR” BY A.M. BERGE, G. DRIVENES, R. KANESTRØM AND B. BESKOW (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 34 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00459.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF PERMEABILITY ON COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITY IN MARINE SEDIMENTS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 30 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: To investigate the effect of permeability on the propagation of seismo-acoustic waves through marine sediments, a theoretical model based on Biot's equations is established which relates the compressional wave velocity measured at a fixed frequency to computed velocities at zero and infinite frequencies in terms of sediment porosity and permeability. The model is examined experimentally in a standard soil mechanics consolidation test (itself dependent, among other things, on sediment porosity and permeability) which has been modified to include measurements of compressional wave velocity at 1 MHz and shear-wave velocity at 5 kHz. This test allows the elastic modulus of the sediment frame to be assessed under different load conditions simultaneous with the velocity determinations.From a number of tests on different samples, five samples are chosen to typify the range of sediment sizes. The results show that the difference between the measured velocity at 1 MHz and the model-derived velocity at zero frequency increases with increasing particle size (from clays to fine sand), with decreasing porosity, and with increasing permeability. For sediments coarser than fine sand the simple model breaks down, possibly because of the dominance of scattering/diffraction effects at the high frequency of the experiment. Within this limitation the model seems satisfactory to offer a capability of predicting the permeability of a sea floor sediment to an order of magnitude by the in situ measurement of seismic velocities over a wide range of frequencies; the prediction process requires a good in situ determination of sediment porosity such as that offered by electrical formation factor measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1982.tb01330.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IDENTIFICATION OF SEA-BOTTOM SEDIMENTS BY A SHIP UNDERWAY (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 14 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The authors propose a method of determining the sedimentary composition of the sea-bottom by studying the variation of the frequency contents of the consecutive multiple reflections between bottom and surface of the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1966.tb01743.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IDENTIFICATION OF SEA-FLOOR SEDIMENTS USING UNDERWAY ACOUSTICS (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Laboratory measurements, and a few in situ observations, show that saturated marine sediments have interdependent mechanical and acoustical properties, Acoustically, of particular importance are the acoustic impedance, velocity of sound and the sound attenuation coefficient of the sediment. The first two properties can be measured relatively easily from a surface ship; the measurement of attenuation however, is more problematical. It is suggested that this can be achieved by a quantitative treatment of the acoustic data collected during routine sub-bottom profiling over a variable thickness of superficial sediments. In the assessment of four different sediment locations in the Irish Sea it was found that quantitative treatment of the acoustic signals yielded both a value of the attenuation coefficient as well as a measure of the frequency dependence of the attenuation. In addition a statistical analysis of the signal intensities seems to provide an indication of the relative roughness of the bottom and sub-bottom interfaces. From the wide range of information provided the mechanical properties of the sea-floor sediment may be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1969.tb02084.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary Temperature Measurements in Cornwall (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 202 (1964), S. 1101-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In order to test the equipment, and also to provide some local control for the proposed off-shore experiments, temperatures were first measured in long boreholes which transected different rock types as well as mineralization. Three of these borehole temperature profiles, made at different levels ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2021101a0
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  • 9
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    H-ATLAS/GAMA: quantifying the morphological evolution of the galaxy population using cosmic calorimetry (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Using results from the Herschel Astrophysical Terrahertz Large-Area Survey (H-ATLAS) and the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) project, we show that, for galaxy masses above ~= 10 8 M , 51 per cent of the stellar mass-density in the local Universe is in early-type galaxies (ETGs; Sérsic n  〉 2.5) while 89 per cent of the rate of production of stellar mass-density is occurring in late-type galaxies (LTGs; Sérsic n  〈 2.5). From this zero-redshift benchmark, we have used a calorimetric technique to quantify the importance of the morphological transformation of galaxies over the history of the Universe. The extragalactic background radiation contains all the energy generated by nuclear fusion in stars since the big bang. By resolving this background radiation into individual galaxies using the deepest far-infrared survey with the Herschel Space Observatory and a deep near-infrared/optical survey with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ), and using measurements of the Sérsic index of these galaxies derived from the HST images, we estimate that ~=83 per cent of the stellar mass-density formed over the history of the Universe occurred in LTGs. The difference between this value and the fraction of the stellar mass-density that is in LTGs today implies there must have been a major transformation of LTGs into ETGs after the formation of most of the stars.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Simulating Electrodeless Discharge from a Hydrometeor Array (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: The objective of this research was to test, by means of an experiment in a high-voltage laboratory, the effect of an array of hydrometeors on the processes involved in the streamer-leader formation of lightning. Because the common types of hydrometeors present whenever lightning initiation in thunderstorms occurs are ice particles (graupel, hail, or ice crystals), we used, in this experiment, conductive particles similar to hail in size, with various spacing between them, but all under normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The laboratory array was suspended on dielectric threads in a uniform electric field of 1 MV m -1 in the middle of the gap between the high-voltage and ground electrodes. During the first phase of the experiment, we studied the formation of a bidirectional arc discharge from the array, and the effects of the array's size on the electrical characteristics and on the speed of development of the discharge. We continued with the same objectives in the second phase of the experiment, adding high-speed video observations with a recording speed of 10 Mfps, to observe all stages of the streamer-leader formation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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