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  • Nature Publishing Group  (12.082)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1995-1999  (20.943)
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  • 101
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-11
    Beschreibung: Natural antibodies are often dismissed from immunological analysis as "background," but they may play an important role in conferring immunity against infections. In antibody-free mice infected with various viruses or with Listeria monocytogenes, viral or bacterial titers in peripheral organs, including the kidney and brain, were 10 to 100 times greater than in antibody-competent mice (and enhanced their susceptibility to some infections), and titers in secondary lymphoid organs were 10 to 100 times lower than in antibody-competent mice. Thus, natural antibodies play a crucial role by preventing pathogen dissemination to vital organs and by improving immunogenicity through enhanced antigen-trapping in secondary lymphoid organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochsenbein, A F -- Fehr, T -- Lutz, C -- Suter, M -- Brombacher, F -- Hengartner, H -- Zinkernagel, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2156-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Bacterial Infections/*immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin M/blood/*immunology ; Kidney/microbiology/virology ; Listeria monocytogenes/immunology/physiology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology/physiology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/microbiology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutralization Tests ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/immunology/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Spleen/microbiology/virology ; Vaccinia virus/immunology/physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/immunology/physiology ; Virus Diseases/*immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 102
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-26
    Beschreibung: It is necessary to understand ground-motion amplification by sediment, defined as the ratio of ground motions at sediment sites to those at rock sites, to predict seismic loadings for earthquake engineering. At sediment sites, observed weak-motion amplifications from magnitude 3 to 4 aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake were twice as large as magnitude 6.7 mainshock amplifications. Amplitude-dependent (nonlinear) amplification by sediment is one explanation. However, earthquake simulations with empirical impulse responses and elastic finite-difference calculations with weakly heterogeneous, random three-dimensional (3D) crustal velocity variations show that linear wave propagation can explain observed (apparently nonlinear) sediment responses. Random 3D velocity variations also reproduce the observed log-normal dispersion of peak ground motions. Deterministic wave propagation models are not adequate to quantify the scaling and dispersion of near-source ground motions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connell -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2045-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Box 25007 D-8330, Denver, CO 80225, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, M -- Hazard-Daniel, A -- Daniel, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 104
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-23
    Beschreibung: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates potassium and chloride ion channels at the plasma membrane of guard cells, leading to stomatal closure that reduces transpirational water loss from the leaf. The tobacco Nt-SYR1 gene encodes a syntaxin that is associated with the plasma membrane. Syntaxins and related SNARE proteins aid intracellular vesicle trafficking, fusion, and secretion. Disrupting Nt-Syr1 function by cleavage with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin or competition with a soluble fragment of Nt-Syr1 prevents potassium and chloride ion channel response to ABA in guard cells and implicates Nt-Syr1 in an ABA-signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leyman, B -- Geelen, D -- Quintero, F J -- Blatt, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of London, Wye College, Wye, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plants, Toxic ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 105
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wojcik, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; *Religion and Science
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-08
    Beschreibung: Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy expenditure was due to increased nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is associated with fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other physical activities of daily life. Changes in NEAT accounted for the 10-fold differences in fat storage that occurred and directly predicted resistance to fat gain with overfeeding (correlation coefficient = 0.77, probability 〈 0.001). These results suggest that as humans overeat, activation of NEAT dissipates excess energy to preserve leanness and that failure to activate NEAT may result in ready fat gain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J A -- Eberhardt, N L -- Jensen, M D -- DK45343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK50456/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00535/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):212-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Activities of Daily Living ; *Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism ; Body Composition ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperphagia/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Movement ; Posture ; *Weight Gain
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 107
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-16
    Beschreibung: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic phenomena have major economic and medical relevance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles. Recent discoveries link the recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology to the targeting of DNA methylation, chromosome remodeling, and RNA turnover. Although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic manipulation of plants and animals. Essential for normal development, epigenetic controls become misdirected in cancer cells and other human disease syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolffe, A P -- Matzke, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):481-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Heath and Human Development, NIH, Building 18T, Room 106, Bethesda, MD 20892-5431, USA. awlme@helix.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genome ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 108
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):835-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Chemistry, Organic ; Organic Chemicals/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena
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  • 109
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-18
    Beschreibung: Ultrasonic deposition creates a thin film of polymer on a tubular, macroporous, stainless steel support. Using polyfurfuryl alcohol as the nanoporous carbon precursor and a pyrolysis temperature of 723 kelvin, a membrane was prepared with the following permeances, measured in moles per square meter per Pascal per second: nitrogen, 1.8 x 10(-12); oxygen, 5.6 x 10(-11); helium, 3.3 x 10(-10); and hydrogen, 6.1 x 10(-10). The ideal separation factors as compared to that for nitrogen are 30:1, 178:1, and 331:1 for oxygen, helium, and hydrogen, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shiflett -- Foley -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA. Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 110
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉L'Heureux, N -- Germain, L -- Auger, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biomedical Engineering ; *Blood Vessels/physiology/transplantation ; *Culture Techniques ; Dogs ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 111
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is an 80-kilodalton protein that is critical for stabilizing contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In CD2AP-deficient mice, immune function was compromised, but the mice died at 6 to 7 weeks of age from renal failure. In the kidney, CD2AP was expressed primarily in glomerular epithelial cells. Knockout mice exhibited defects in epithelial cell foot processes, accompanied by mesangial cell hyperplasia and extracellular matrix deposition. Supporting a role for CD2AP in the specialized cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, CD2AP associated with nephrin, the primary component of the slit diaphragm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shih, N Y -- Li, J -- Karpitskii, V -- Nguyen, A -- Dustin, M L -- Kanagawa, O -- Miner, J H -- Shaw, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):312-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Immunology and Department of Pathology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Basement Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Intercellular Junctions/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*congenital/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 112
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-05
    Beschreibung: Glutamatergic neurotransmission is controlled by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A subdomain in the intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail of group III mGluRs binds calmodulin and heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) betagamma subunits in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations interfering with calmodulin binding and calmodulin antagonists inhibit G protein-mediated modulation of ionic currents by mGluR 7. Calmodulin antagonists also prevent inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission via presynaptic mGluRs. These results reveal a novel mechanism of presynaptic modulation in which Ca(2+)-calmodulin is required to release G protein betagamma subunits from the C-tail of group III mGluRs in order to mediate glutamatergic autoinhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connor, V -- El Far, O -- Bofill-Cardona, E -- Nanoff, C -- Freissmuth, M -- Karschin, A -- Airas, J M -- Betz, H -- Boehm, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1180-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Propionates/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sesterterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Terpenes/pharmacology
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  • 113
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-07
    Beschreibung: Ultrafast magnetic field pulses as short as 2 picoseconds are able to reverse the magnetization in thin, in-plane, magnetized cobalt films. The field pulses are applied in the plane of the film, and their direction encompasses all angles with the magnetization. At a right angle to the magnetization, maximum torque is exerted on the spins. In this geometry, a precessional magnetization reversal can be triggered by fields as small as 184 kiloamperes per meter. Applications in future ultrafast magnetic recording schemes can be foreseen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Back -- Allenspach -- Weber -- Parkin -- Weller -- Garwin -- Siegmann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 114
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-26
    Beschreibung: Regulation of circadian period in humans was thought to differ from that of other species, with the period of the activity rhythm reported to range from 13 to 65 hours (median 25.2 hours) and the period of the body temperature rhythm reported to average 25 hours in adulthood, and to shorten with age. However, those observations were based on studies of humans exposed to light levels sufficient to confound circadian period estimation. Precise estimation of the periods of the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living in carefully controlled lighting conditions has now revealed that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Duffy, J F -- Shanahan, T L -- Brown, E N -- Mitchell, J F -- Rimmer, D W -- Ronda, J M -- Silva, E J -- Allan, J S -- Emens, J S -- Dijk, D J -- Kronauer, R E -- MO1-RR02635/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG09975/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM53559/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2177-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Sleep Disorders Section, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Body Temperature ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Darkness ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Light ; Male ; Melatonin/blood ; Middle Aged ; Sleep
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  • 115
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-26
    Beschreibung: Chlamydia infections are epidemiologically linked to human heart disease. A peptide from the murine heart muscle-specific alpha myosin heavy chain that has sequence homology to the 60-kilodalton cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis was shown to induce autoimmune inflammatory heart disease in mice. Injection of the homologous Chlamydia peptides into mice also induced perivascular inflammation, fibrotic changes, and blood vessel occlusion in the heart, as well as triggering T and B cell reactivity to the homologous endogenous heart muscle-specific peptide. Chlamydia DNA functioned as an adjuvant in the triggering of peptide-induced inflammatory heart disease. Infection with C. trachomatis led to the production of autoantibodies to heart muscle-specific epitopes. Thus, Chlamydia-mediated heart disease is induced by antigenic mimicry of a heart muscle-specific protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bachmaier, K -- Neu, N -- de la Maza, L M -- Pal, S -- Hessel, A -- Penninger, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1335-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adoptive Transfer ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/immunology ; Autoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chlamydia/*immunology ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/*immunology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology ; CpG Islands ; Humans ; Immunization ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocarditis/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Myocardium/immunology/pathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/chemistry/*immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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  • 116
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-29
    Beschreibung: Endoglin is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. Loss-of-function mutations in the human endoglin gene ENG cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT1), a disease characterized by vascular malformations. Here it is shown that by gestational day 11.5, mice lacking endoglin die from defective vascular development. However, in contrast to mice lacking TGF-beta, vasculogenesis was unaffected. Loss of endoglin caused poor vascular smooth muscle development and arrested endothelial remodeling. These results demonstrate that endoglin is essential for angiogenesis and suggest a pathogenic mechanism for HHT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, D Y -- Sorensen, L K -- Brooke, B S -- Urness, L D -- Davis, E C -- Taylor, D G -- Boak, B B -- Wendel, D P -- K08 HL03490-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T35 HL07744-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. dean.li@hci.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD31/analysis ; Blood Vessels/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*embryology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*physiology ; Yolk Sac/ultrastructure
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  • 117
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpoff, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10391795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*classification/genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 118
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-26
    Beschreibung: The carboxyl-terminal domain of colicin E5 was shown to inhibit protein synthesis of Escherichia coli. Its target, as revealed through in vivo and in vitro experiments, was not ribosomes as in the case of E3, but the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp, which contain a modified base, queuine, at the wobble position of each anticodon. The E5 carboxyl-terminal domain hydrolyzed these tRNAs just on the 3' side of this nucleotide. Tight correlation was observed between the toxicity of E5 and the cleavage of intracellular tRNAs of this group, implying that these tRNAs are the primary targets of colicin E5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, T -- Tomita, K -- Ueda, T -- Watanabe, K -- Uozumi, T -- Masaki, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anticodon/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colicins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asn/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, His/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ribosomes/metabolism
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  • 119
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):25, 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Academies and Institutes/economics ; *Brain ; Humans ; India ; International Cooperation ; *Research
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 120
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Results from a global climate model including an interactive parameterization of stratospheric chemistry show how upper stratospheric ozone changes may amplify observed, 11-year solar cycle irradiance changes to affect climate. In the model, circulation changes initially induced in the stratosphere subsequently penetrate into the troposphere, demonstrating the importance of the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere. The model reproduces many observed 11-year oscillations, including the relatively long record of geopotential height variations; hence, it implies that these oscillations are likely driven, at least in part, by solar variability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindell -- Rind -- Balachandran -- Lean -- Lonergan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA. E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 121
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-21
    Beschreibung: Inelastic neutron scattering was used to study the wave vector- and frequency-dependent magnetic fluctuations in single crystals of superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x. The spectra contain several important features, including a gap in the superconducting state, a pseudogap in the normal state, and the much-discussed resonance peak. The appearance of the pseudogap determined from transport and nuclear resonance coincides with formation of the resonance in the magnetic excitations. The exchange energy associated with the resonance has the temperature and doping dependences as well as the magnitude to describe approximately the electronic specific heat near the superconducting transition temperature (Tc).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dai -- Mook -- Hayden -- Aeppli -- Perring -- Hunt -- Dogan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1344-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6393, USA. H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK. NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Rutherford Appl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 122
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-29
    Beschreibung: Marine reserves have been proposed as a remedy for overfishing and declining marine biodiversity, but concern that reserves would inherently reduce yields has impeded their implementation. It was found that management of fisheries through reserves and management through effort control produce identical yields under a reasonable set of simplifying assumptions corresponding to a broad range of biological conditions. Indeed, for populations with sedentary adults (invertebrates and reef fishes), reserves have important advantages for sustainability, making marine reserves the preferred management approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hastings -- Botsford -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1537-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 123
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-19
    Beschreibung: Although aluminosilicates and metal phosphates can form porous open-framework materials such as zeolites, sulfide analogs usually form high-density phases because of the relatively small tetrahedral angle at sulfur atoms. One strategy to overcome this limitation is to use tetrahedral clusters as the building blocks to achieve porous sulfide-based networks. The preparation and crystal structures of two indium sulfide open frameworks (ASU-31 and ASU-32) built of supertetrahedral clusters around organic template and water guests are described. ASU-31, based on the sodalite-tetrahedrite network, contains cavities 25.6 angstroms in diameter, and ASU-32, based on the tetragonal CrB4 network, contains channels with a minimum diameter of 14.7 angstroms. The organic cations can be completely exchanged with sodium ions in aqueous solution at room temperature without degradation of the crystals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li -- Laine -- O'Keeffe -- Yaghi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Supramolecular Design and Discovery Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 124
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-12
    Beschreibung: A low molecular weight poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(butadiene) (PEO-PB) diblock copolymer containing 50 weight percent PEO forms gigantic wormlike micelles at low concentrations (〈5 percent by weight) in water. Subsequent generation of free radicals with a conventional water-based redox reaction leads to chemical cross-linking of the PB cores without disruption of the cylindrical morphology, as evidenced by cryotransmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering experiments. These wormlike rubber micelles exhibit unusual viscoelastic properties in water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Won -- Davis -- Bates -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):960-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 125
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-03
    Beschreibung: NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter and improved Earth-based observing capabilities have allowed major advances in our understanding of Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto over the past few years. Particularly exciting findings include the evidence for internal liquid water oceans in Callisto and Europa, detection of a strong intrinsic magnetic field within Ganymede, discovery of high-temperature silicate volcanism on Io, discovery of tenuous oxygen atmospheres at Europa and Ganymede and a tenuous carbon dioxide atmosphere at Callisto, and detection of condensed oxygen on Ganymede. Modeling of landforms seen at resolutions up to 100 times as high as those of Voyager supports the suggestion that tidal heating has played an important role for Io and Europa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Showman, A P -- Malhotra, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):77-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 215 Sackett Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Magnetics ; *Oxygen ; Surface Properties ; Temperature ; *Water
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  • 126
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, V -- Goodenough, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Claudins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Ion Transport ; Kidney Diseases/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Tight Junctions/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 127
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-20
    Beschreibung: Graft versus host disease, an alloimmune attack on host tissues mounted by donor T cells, is the most important toxicity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The mechanism by which allogeneic T cells are initially stimulated is unknown. In a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model it was found that, despite the presence of numerous donor antigen-presenting cells, only host-derived antigen-presenting cells initiated graft versus host disease. Thus, strategies for preventing graft versus host disease could be developed that are based on inactivating host antigen-presenting cells. Such strategies could expand the safety and application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treatment of common genetic and neoplastic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shlomchik, W D -- Couzens, M S -- Tang, C B -- McNiff, J -- Robert, M E -- Liu, J -- Shlomchik, M J -- Emerson, S G -- P50HL-54516/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10411505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; Transplantation Chimera
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 128
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dan, Z -- Lei, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):1990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/genetics ; *Blood Specimen Collection ; China ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Disclosure ; *Genetic Research ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Life Style ; *Longevity/genetics ; Mass Media/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 129
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Imprinted genes display parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression that apparently regulates complex mammalian traits, including growth and behavior. The Peg3 gene is expressed in embryos and the adult brain from the paternal allele only. A mutation in the Peg3 gene resulted in growth retardation, as well as a striking impairment of maternal behavior that frequently resulted in death of the offspring. This result may be partly due to defective neuronal connectivity, as well as reduced oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, because mutant mothers were deficient in milk ejection. This study provides further insights on the evolution of epigenetic regulation of imprinted gene dosage in modulating mammalian growth and behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Keverne, E B -- Aparicio, S A -- Ishino, F -- Barton, S C -- Surani, M A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):330-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, and Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; *Growth ; Hypothalamus/cytology/metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Lactation ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxytocin/metabolism ; Phenotype ; *Protein Kinases ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; *Weight Gain
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  • 130
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-19
    Beschreibung: A single kinesin molecule can move "processively" along a microtubule for more than 1 micrometer before detaching from it. The prevailing explanation for this processive movement is the "walking model," which envisions that each of two motor domains (heads) of the kinesin molecule binds coordinately to the microtubule. This implies that each kinesin molecule must have two heads to "walk" and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. Here, a motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin superfamily protein, was shown to move processively along the microtubule for more than 1 micrometer. The movement along the microtubules was stochastic and fitted a biased Brownian-movement model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Y -- Hirokawa, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1152-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Diffusion ; Drosophila ; Kinesin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Stochastic Processes ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 131
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-30
    Beschreibung: The ability of the GroEL chaperonin to unfold a protein trapped in a misfolded condition was detected and studied by hydrogen exchange. The GroEL-induced unfolding of its substrate protein is only partial, requires the complete chaperonin system, and is accomplished within the 13 seconds required for a single system turnover. The binding of nucleoside triphosphate provides the energy for a single unfolding event; multiple turnovers require adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. The substrate protein is released on each turnover even if it has not yet refolded to the native state. These results suggest that GroEL helps partly folded but blocked proteins to fold by causing them first to partially unfold. The structure of GroEL seems well suited to generate the nonspecific mechanical stretching force required for forceful protein unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shtilerman, M -- Lorimer, G H -- Englander, S W -- GM31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Hydrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 132
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-02
    Beschreibung: A general problem in biology is how to incorporate information about evolutionary history and adaptation into taxonomy. The problem is exemplified in attempts to define our own genus, Homo. Here conventional criteria for allocating fossil species to Homo are reviewed and are found to be either inappropriate or inoperable. We present a revised definition, based on verifiable criteria, for Homo and conclude that two species, Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, do not belong in the genus. The earliest taxon to satisfy the criteria is Homo ergaster, or early African Homo erectus, which currently appears in the fossil record at about 1.9 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, B -- Collard, M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):65-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. bwood@gwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Phylogeny ; Terminology as Topic
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  • 133
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Government Regulation ; India ; *Macaca mulatta
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  • 134
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-24
    Beschreibung: Retroviral DNA integration is catalyzed by the viral protein integrase. Here, it is shown that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a host cell protein, also participates in the reaction. DNA-PK-deficient murine scid cells infected with three different retroviruses showed a substantial reduction in retroviral DNA integration and died by apoptosis. Scid cell killing was not observed after infection with an integrase-defective virus, suggesting that abortive integration is the trigger for death in these DNA repair-deficient cells. These results suggest that the initial events in retroviral integration are detected as DNA damage by the host cell and that completion of the integration process requires the DNA-PK-mediated repair pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniel, R -- Katz, R A -- Skalka, A M -- AI40721/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI40835/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA71515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/genetics ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; *Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 135
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-05
    Beschreibung: Observations of outflow velocities in coronal holes (regions of open coronal magnetic field) have recently been obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Velocity maps of Ne7+ from its bright resonance line at 770 angstroms, formed at the base of the corona, show a relationship between outflow velocity and chromospheric magnetic network structure, suggesting that the solar wind is rooted at its base to this structure, emanating from localized regions along boundaries and boundary intersections of magnetic network cells. This apparent relation to the chromospheric magnetic network and the relatively large outflow velocity signatures will improve understanding of the complex structure and dynamics at the base of the corona and the source region of the solar wind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hassler -- Dammasch -- Lemaire -- Brekke -- Curdt -- Mason -- Vial -- Wilhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Unite Mixte CNRS- Universite Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France. Ins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 136
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-05
    Beschreibung: Costimulation of both the CD3 and CD28 receptors is essential for T cell activation. Induction of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase-7 (PDE7) was found to be a consequence of such costimulation. Increased PDE7 in T cells correlated with decreased cAMP, increased interleukin-2 expression, and increased proliferation. Selectively reducing PDE7 expression with a PDE7 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited T cell proliferation; inhibition was reversed by blocking the cAMP signaling pathways that operate through cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Thus, PDE7 induction and consequent suppression of PKA activity is required for T cell activation, and inhibition of PDE7 could be an approach to treating T cell-dependent disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Yee, C -- Beavo, J A -- DK21723/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Box 357280, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Antibodies ; Antigens, CD28/immunology/*physiology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7 ; Enzyme Induction ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Isoenzymes/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes/*enzymology/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 137
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-13
    Beschreibung: Using ultrafast, time-resolved, 1.54 angstrom x-ray diffraction, thermal and ultrafast nonthermal melting of germanium, involving passage through nonequilibrium extreme states of matter, was observed. Such ultrafast, optical-pump, x-ray diffraction probe measurements provide a way to study many other transient processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, including direct observation of the atomic motion by which many solid-state processes and chemical and biochemical reactions take place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siders, C W -- Cavalleri, A -- Sokolowski-Tinten, K -- Toth, C -- Guo, T -- Kammler, M -- Horn von Hoegen, M -- Wilson, K R -- von der Linde, D -- Barty, C P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0339, USA. csiders@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biochemistry/methods ; Crystallization ; Germanium/*chemistry ; Lasers ; Temperature ; *X-Ray Diffraction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 138
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):180-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Government Regulation ; India ; *Research
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 139
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniel, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bronchiectasis/history ; Depressive Disorder/*history/pathology ; *Famous Persons ; Fingers/*pathology ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Literature, Modern/*history ; Male ; Medicine in Art ; Paintings ; Tuberculosis/*history/pathology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 140
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-21
    Beschreibung: The nucleotide exchange activity of RCC1, the only known nucleotide exchange factor for Ran, a Ras-like small guanosine triphosphatase, was required for microtubule aster formation with or without demembranated sperm in Xenopus egg extracts arrested in meiosis II. Consistently, in the RCC1-depleted egg extracts, Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP), but not Ran guanosine diphosphate (RanGDP), induced self-organization of microtubule asters, and the process required the activity of dynein. Thus, Ran was shown to regulate formation of the microtubule network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohba, T -- Nakamura, M -- Nishitani, H -- Nishimoto, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1356-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dyneins/metabolism ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Male ; Microtubules/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Ovum ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sperm Head/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; ran GTP-Binding Protein
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 141
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, M M -- Barratt, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/etiology ; Developmental Disabilities/etiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*adverse effects ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Registries ; Risk Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 142
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Fermion anti-bunching was directly observed by measuring the cross-covariance of the current fluctuations of partitioned electrons. A quantum point contact was used to inject single-mode electrons into a mesoscopic electron beam splitter device. The beam splitter output currents showed negative cross-covariance, indicating that the electrons arrived individually at the beam splitter and were randomly partitioned into two output channels. As the relative time delay between the outputs was changed, the observed ringing in the cross-covariance was consistent with the bandwidths used to monitor the fluctuations. The result demonstrates a fermion complement to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment for photons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver -- Kim -- Liu -- Yamamoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) Quantum Fluctuation Project, Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato-Wa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 143
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-24
    Beschreibung: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by the recruitment of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 to the plasma membrane where the membrane protein synaptotagmin is thought to act as a docking site. AP-2 also interacts with endocytic motifs present in other cargo proteins. Peptides with a tyrosine-based endocytic motif stimulated binding of AP-2 to synaptotagmin and enhanced AP-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which nucleation of clathrin-coated pits is stimulated by the loading of cargo proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haucke, V -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 144
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1614-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes ; *Economics, Pharmaceutical ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; India ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Plant Extracts/*economics ; *Plants, Medicinal
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  • 145
    facet.materialart.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):836.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Culture ; *Genetic Variation ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 146
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-31
    Beschreibung: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 147
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Anura/*physiology ; Female ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 148
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-13
    Beschreibung: A sharp discontinuity at the base of Earth's mantle has been suggested from seismic waveform studies; the observed travel time and amplitude variations have been interpreted as changes in the depth of a spatially intermittent discontinuity. Most of the observed variations in travel times and the spatial intermittance of the seismic triplication can be reproduced by a ubiquitous first-order discontinuity superimposed on global seismic velocity structure derived from tomography. The observations can be modeled by a solid-solid phase transition that has a 200-kilometer elevation above the core-mantle boundary under adiabatic temperatures and a Clapeyron slope of about 6 megapascal per kelvin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidorin I -- Gurnis -- Helmberger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seismological Laboratory 252-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 149
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-03
    Beschreibung: Lymphocyte development is critically influenced by self-antigens. T cells are subject to both positive and negative selection, depending on their degree of self-reactivity. Although B cells are subject to negative selection, it has been difficult to test whether self-antigen plays any positive role in B cell development. A murine model system of naturally generated autoreactive B cells with a germ line gene-encoded specificity for the Thy-1 (CD90) glycoprotein was developed, in which the presence of self-antigen promotes B cell accumulation and serum autoantibody secretion. Thus, B cells can be subject to positive selection, generated, and maintained on the basis of their autoreactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayakawa, K -- Asano, M -- Shinton, S A -- Gui, M -- Allman, D -- Stewart, C L -- Silver, J -- Hardy, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. K_Hayakawa@fccc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Antigens, Thy-1/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/*biosynthesis/blood/immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 150
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) proteins is an important step in the activation of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and requires two IkappaB kinases, IKK1 (IKKalpha) and IKK2 (IKKbeta). Mice that are devoid of the IKK2 gene had extensive liver damage from apoptosis and died as embryos, but these mice could be rescued by the inactivation of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells that were isolated from IKK2-/- embryos showed a marked reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity and an enhanced apoptosis in response to TNF-alpha. IKK1 associated with NF-kappaB essential modulator (IKKgamma/IKKAP1), another component of the IKK complex. These results show that IKK2 is essential for mouse development and cannot be substituted with IKK1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Q -- Van Antwerp, D -- Mercurio, F -- Lee, K F -- Verma, I M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):321-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Signal Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Gene Targeting ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Liver/cytology/*embryology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 151
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bioethics ; *Biotechnology/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genetics, Medical/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genome, Plant ; Humans ; India ; *Molecular Biology/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 152
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-11
    Beschreibung: Deleterious mutations with very small phenotypic effects could be important for several evolutionary phenomena, but the extent of their contribution has been unknown. Fitness effects of induced mutations in lines of Caenorhabditis elegans were measured using a system for which the number of deleterious point mutations in the DNA can be estimated. In fitness assays, only about 4 percent of the deleterious mutations fixed in each line were detectable. The remaining 96 percent, though cryptic, are significant for mutation load and, potentially, for the evolution of sex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, E K -- Peters, A D -- Keightley, P D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1748-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; *Genes, Helminth ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; *Point Mutation ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 153
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-12
    Beschreibung: A central question in immunology is the origin of long-lived T cell memory that confers protection against recurrent infection. The differentiation of naive T cell receptor transgenic CD8+ cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and memory CD8+ cells was studied. Memory CD8+ cells that were generated after strong antigenic stimulation were the progeny of cytotoxic effectors and retained antigen-specific cytolytic activity 10 weeks after adoptive transfer to antigen-free recipient mice. Thus, potential vaccines based on CTL memory will require the differentiation of naive cells into post-effector memory T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opferman, J T -- Ober, B T -- Ashton-Rickardt, P G -- 5T32 AI07090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1745-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, Committee on Developmental Biology, The University of Chicago, Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; H-Y Antigen/immunology ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Perforin ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology/*immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 154
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-02
    Beschreibung: An electrodeposition technique is described that produces atomically flat epitaxial metal overlayers of quality similar to that obtained by ultrahigh vacuum techniques at elevated temperature. In this approach, a metal of interest such as silver is co-deposited with a reversibly deposited mediator metal. The mediator is periodically deposited and stripped from the surface, and this serves to significantly increase the density of two-dimensional islands of silver atoms, promoting a layer-by-layer thin-film growth mode. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy was used to demonstrate the growth process for the heteroepitaxial system silver/gold (111) with either lead or copper as the mediator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieradzki -- Brankovic -- Dimitrov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 155
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liburdy, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Calcium/*blood ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; Lymphocytes/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Publishing ; *Radiation ; Scientific Misconduct
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 156
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Microcomputers ; *Models, Biological ; *Motion Perception ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; *Robotics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 157
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lieberman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):175.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone/*anatomy & histology ; *Speech ; Tongue/*anatomy & histology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 158
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-26
    Beschreibung: Tropospheric aerosols affect the radiative forcing of Earth's climate, but their variable concentrations complicate an understanding of their global influence. Model-based estimates of aerosol distributions helped reveal spatial patterns indicative of the presence of tropospheric aerosols in the satellite-observed clear-sky solar radiation budget over the world's oceans. The results show that, although geographical signatures due to both natural and anthropogenic aerosols are manifest in the satellite observations, the naturally occurring sea-salt is the leading aerosol contributor to the global-mean clear-sky radiation balance over oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haywood -- Ramaswamy V -- Soden -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1299-1303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Meteorological Research Flight, United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Farnborough, Hants GU14 0LX, UK. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 159
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-16
    Beschreibung: The motion of a magnetic domain wall in a submicrometer magnetic wire was detected by use of the giant magnetoresistance effect. Magnetization reversal in a submicrometer magnetic wire takes place by the propagation of a magnetic domain wall, which can be treated as a "particle." The propagation velocity of the magnetic domain wall was determined as a function of the applied magnetic field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono -- Miyajima -- Shigeto -- Mibu -- Hosoito -- Shinjo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 160
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayflick, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Longevity/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 161
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, D L -- Garry, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Breast Implants/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Silicone Gels/*adverse effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 162
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-12
    Beschreibung: Interferons (IFNs) are the most important cytokines in antiviral immune responses. "Natural IFN-producing cells" (IPCs) in human blood express CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class II proteins, but have not been isolated and further characterized because of their rarity, rapid apoptosis, and lack of lineage markers. Purified IPCs are here shown to be the CD4(+)CD11c- type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2s), which produce 200 to 1000 times more IFN than other blood cells after microbial challenge. pDC2s are thus an effector cell type of the immune system, critical for antiviral and antitumor immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegal, F P -- Kadowaki, N -- Shodell, M -- Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P A -- Shah, K -- Ho, S -- Antonenko, S -- Liu, Y J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Saint Vincents Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): CD40 Ligand ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/*biosynthesis ; Interferon-alpha/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis/genetics ; Interleukin-3/pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/immunology ; Stem Cells/cytology/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 163
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-29
    Beschreibung: The protein encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor that can both activate and repress the expression of target genes, but few of its transcriptional targets have been identified. Here, c-MYC is shown to repress the expression of the heavy subunit of the protein ferritin (H-ferritin), which sequesters intracellular iron, and to stimulate the expression of the iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2), which increases the intracellular iron pool. Down-regulation of the expression of H-ferritin gene was required for cell transformation by c-MYC. These results indicate that c-MYC coordinately regulates genes controlling intracellular iron concentrations and that this function is essential for the control of cell proliferation and transformation by c-MYC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, K J -- Polack, A -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA-37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):676-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. an.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Down-Regulation ; Ferritins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, myc ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2 ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*physiology ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 164
    facet.materialart.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Rights ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Public Opinion ; *Research
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 165
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-05
    Beschreibung: Analytic results and experiments in ultrahigh vacuum indicate that the static friction between two clean crystalline surfaces should almost always vanish, yet macroscopic objects always exhibit static friction. A simple and general explanation for the prevalence of static friction is proposed. "Third bodies," such as small hydrocarbon molecules, adsorb on any surface exposed to air and can arrange to lock two contacting surfaces together. The resulting static friction is consistent with experimental behavior, including Amontons' laws.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He -- Muser -- Robbins -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1650-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 166
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lietman, T -- Blower, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1300-1; author reply 1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*therapeutic use ; BCG Vaccine/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Tuberculosis/*drug therapy/*prevention & control
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 167
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-14
    Beschreibung: Amphiphilic polyhedron-shaped p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene building blocks, which have been previously shown to assemble into bilayers in an antiparallel fashion, have been assembled in a parallel alignment into spherical and helical tubular structures by the addition of pyridine N-oxide and lanthanide ions. Crystallographic studies revealed how metal ion coordination and substrate recognition direct the formation of these supramolecular assemblies. The addition of greater amounts of pyridine N-oxide changed the curvature of the assembling surface and resulted in the formation of extended tubules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orr -- Barbour -- Atwood -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1049-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 168
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Dystrophin/biosynthesis ; Female ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 169
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-18
    Beschreibung: Antithrombin, a member of the serpin family, functions as an inhibitor of thrombin and other enzymes. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal loop of antithrombin induces a conformational change in the molecule. Here it is shown that the cleaved conformation of antithrombin has potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in mouse models. The latent form of intact antithrombin, which is similar in conformation to the cleaved molecule, also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. These data provide further evidence that the clotting and fibrinolytic pathways are directly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Reilly, M S -- Pirie-Shepherd, S -- Lane, W S -- Folkman, J -- P01-CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA64481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Cellular Biology, Harvard Microchemistry Facility, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. oreilly@hub.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Antithrombins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood supply/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 170
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; Developing Countries ; History, 20th Century ; *Immunization Programs ; Korea ; United Nations ; United States ; *Vaccines ; World Health Organization
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  • 171
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-31
    Beschreibung: An abrupt episode of global warming marked the end of the Paleocene epoch. Oxygen and carbon isotope records from two widely separated sites support the notion that degassing of biogenic methane hydrate may have been an important factor in altering Earth's climate. The data show evidence for multiple injections of methane, separated by intervals in which the carbon cycle was in stasis. Correlations between the two sites suggest that even these small-scale events were global in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains -- Corfield -- Norris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 172
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-11
    Beschreibung: High-resolution altimetric data define the detailed topography of the northern lowlands of Mars, and a range of data is consistent with the hypothesis that a lowland-encircling geologic contact represents the ancient shoreline of a large standing body of water present in middle Mars history. The contact altitude is close to an equipotential line, the topography is smoother at all scales below the contact than above it, the volume enclosed by this contact is within the range of estimates of available water on Mars, and a series of extensive terraces parallel the contact in many places.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Head, J W 3rd -- Hiesinger, H -- Ivanov, M A -- Kreslavsky, M A -- Pratt, S -- Thomson, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Evolution, Planetary ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 173
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-14
    Beschreibung: Higher capacity batteries based on an unusual stabilized iron(VI) chemistry are presented. The storage capacities of alkaline and metal hydride batteries are largely cathode limited, and both use a potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The new batteries are compatible with the alkaline and metal hydride battery anodes but have higher cathode capacity and are based on available, benign materials. Iron(VI/III) cathodes can use low-solubility K(2)FeO(4) and BaFeO(4) salts with respective capacities of 406 and 313 milliampere-hours per gram. Super-iron batteries have a 50 percent energy advantage compared to conventional alkaline batteries. A cell with an iron(VI) cathode and a metal hydride anode is significantly (75 percent) rechargeable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Licht -- Wang -- Ghosh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1039-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 174
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-28
    Beschreibung: Crystal growth upon firing of hydrous transition metal oxide gels can be effectively inhibited by replacing the surface hydroxyl group before firing with another functional group that does not condense and that can produce small, secondary-phase particles that restrict advancing of grain boundaries at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, fully crystallized SnO(2), TiO(2), and ZrO(2) materials with mean crystallite sizes of approximately 20, 50, and 15 angstroms, respectively, were synthesized by replacing the hydroxyl group with methyl siloxyl before firing at 500 degrees C. An ultrasensitive SnO(2)-based chemical sensor resulting from the microstructural miniaturization was demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu -- Wang -- Rusakova -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1375-1377.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China. Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5932, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 175
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2077-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. anders.liljas@mbfys.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anticodon ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 176
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orr-Weaver, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):344-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. weaver@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Anaphase ; Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromatids/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; *Endopeptidases ; Fungal Proteins ; Humans ; Ligases/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Neoplasm Proteins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; Prophase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Securin ; Separase ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Yeasts/cytology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 177
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biological Evolution ; Curriculum ; Kansas ; New Mexico ; Religion and Science ; Science/*education
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 178
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):617, 619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bioethics ; Cell Division ; *Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Ethical Review ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Public Policy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 179
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-12
    Beschreibung: The hunting behavior of a marine mammal was studied beneath the Antarctic fast ice with an animal-borne video system and data recorder. Weddell seals stalked large Antarctic cod and the smaller subice fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki, often with the under-ice surface for backlighting, which implies that vision is important for hunting. They approached to within centimeters of cod without startling the fish. Seals flushed P. borchgrevinki by blowing air into subice crevices or pursued them into the platelet ice. These observations highlight the broad range of insights that are possible with simultaneous recordings of video, audio, three-dimensional dive paths, and locomotor effort.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis -- Fuiman -- Williams -- Collier -- Hagey -- Kanatous -- Kohin -- Horning -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):993-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77553, USA. Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. Department of Biology, EMS-A316, Universi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 180
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; *Genetic Techniques ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sequence Analysis/*methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 181
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1441-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; *Water
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 182
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999
    Beschreibung: Episodes of elevated bromine oxide (BrO) concentration are known to occur at high latitudes in the Arctic boundary layer and to lead to catalytic destruction of ozone at those latitudes; these events have not been observed at lower latitudes. With the use of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), locally high BrO concentrations were observed at mid-latitudes at the Dead Sea, Israel, during spring 1997. Mixing ratios peaked daily at around 80 parts per trillion around noon and were correlated with low boundary-layer ozone mixing ratios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hebestreit -- Stutz -- Rosen -- Matveiv V -- Peleg -- Luria -- Platt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):55-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉K. Hebestreit, J. Stutz, U. Platt, Institut fur Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. D. Rosen, V. Matveiv, M. Peleg, M. Luria, Environmental Science, School of Applie.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 183
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-05
    Beschreibung: At eight European field sites, the impact of loss of plant diversity on primary productivity was simulated by synthesizing grassland communities with different numbers of plant species. Results differed in detail at each location, but there was an overall log-linear reduction of average aboveground biomass with loss of species. For a given number of species, communities with fewer functional groups were less productive. These diversity effects occurred along with differences associated with species composition and geographic location. Niche complementarity and positive species interactions appear to play a role in generating diversity-productivity relationships within sites in addition to sampling from the species pool.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hector -- Schmid -- Beierkuhnlein -- Caldeira -- Diemer -- Dimitrakopoulos -- Finn -- Freitas -- Giller -- Good -- Harris -- Hogberg -- Huss-Danell -- Joshi -- Jumpponen -- Korner -- Leadley -- Loreau -- Minns -- Mulder -- O'Donovan -- Otway -- Pereira -- Prinz -- Read -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1123-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK, GB-SL5 7PY. Institut fur Umweltwissenschaften, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 184
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):357-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abatacept ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; *Immunoconjugates ; Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Transplantation Conditioning
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 185
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-18
    Beschreibung: The bacterial pathogen Yersinia uses a type III secretion system to inject several virulence factors into target cells. One of the Yersinia virulence factors, YopJ, was shown to bind directly to the superfamily of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases (MKKs) blocking both phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MKKs. These results explain the diverse activities of YopJ in inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, preventing cytokine synthesis and promoting apoptosis. YopJ-related proteins that are found in a number of bacterial pathogens of animals and plants may function to block MKKs so that host signaling responses can be modulated upon infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orth, K -- Palmer, L E -- Bao, Z Q -- Stewart, S -- Rudolph, A E -- Bliska, J B -- Dixon, J E -- 18024/PHS HHS/ -- AI35175/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/*physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 186
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-27
    Beschreibung: Observations of near-Earth asteroid 1998 KY26 shortly after its discovery reveal a slightly elongated spheroid with a diameter of about 30 meters, a composition analogous to carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, and a rotation period of 10.7 minutes, which is an order of magnitude shorter than that measured for any other solar system object. The rotation is too rapid for 1998 KY26 to consist of multiple components bound together just by their mutual gravitational attraction. This monolithic object probably is a fragment derived from cratering or collisional destruction of a much larger asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro -- Pravec -- Benner -- Hudson -- Sarounova -- Hicks -- Rabinowitz -- Scotti -- Tholen -- Wolf -- Jurgens -- Thomas -- Giorgini -- Chodas -- Yeomans -- Rose -- Frye -- Rosema -- Winkler -- Slade -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):557-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA. Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25165 Ond&rbreve;ejov, Czech Republic. School of Electrical Engineering and.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 187
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dogs ; *Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism/*therapy ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*cytology/*metabolism ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Swine
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  • 188
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria/cytology/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Namibia ; Nitrates/analysis/*metabolism ; Sulfides/*metabolism ; Sulfur/analysis/metabolism ; Vacuoles/chemistry/ultrastructure
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  • 189
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Biology/education ; Kansas ; Science/*education ; Universities/standards
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 190
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-12
    Beschreibung: In many organisms, master control genes coordinately regulate sex-specific aspects of development. SDC-2 was shown to induce hermaphrodite sexual differentiation and activate X chromosome dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. To control these distinct processes, SDC-2 acts as a strong gene-specific repressor and a weaker chromosome-wide repressor. To initiate hermaphrodite development, SDC-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription. To activate dosage compensation, SDC-2 triggers assembly of a specialized protein complex exclusively on hermaphrodite X chromosomes to reduce gene expression by half. SDC-2 can localize to X chromosomes without other components of the dosage compensation complex, suggesting that SDC-2 targets dosage compensation machinery to X chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawes, H E -- Berlin, D S -- Lapidus, D M -- Nusbaum, C -- Davis, T L -- Meyer, B J -- GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07127/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1800-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 191
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):16-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bioethics ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Research ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Research
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 192
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-08
    Beschreibung: A whole-genome restriction map of Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation-resistant bacterium able to survive up to 15,000 grays of ionizing radiation, was constructed without using DNA libraries, the polymerase chain reaction, or electrophoresis. Very large, randomly sheared, genomic DNA fragments were used to construct maps from individual DNA molecules that were assembled into two circular overlapping maps (2.6 and 0.415 megabases), without gaps. A third smaller chromosome (176 kilobases) was identified and characterized. Aberrant nonlinear DNA structures that may define chromosome structure and organization, as well as intermediates in DNA repair, were directly visualized by optical mapping techniques after gamma irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, J -- Qi, R -- Aston, C -- Jing, J -- Anantharaman, T S -- Mishra, B -- White, O -- Daly, M J -- Minton, K W -- Venter, J C -- Schwartz, D C -- GM 39933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG0025-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1558-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. M. Keck Laboratory for Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosomes, Bacterial ; Contig Mapping/*methods ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; DNA, Circular/chemistry ; Gamma Rays ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Cocci/*genetics/radiation effects ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Plasmids ; Radiation Tolerance ; Recombination, Genetic ; Restriction Mapping/*methods
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  • 193
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Separation ; Chick Embryo ; Neural Crest/*cytology/embryology ; Neuroglia/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve/*cytology/embryology ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 194
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, E -- Burger, J -- Field, C B -- Norgaard, R B -- Policansky, D -- ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government ; Ownership ; Private Sector ; Privatization ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Social Responsibility
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 195
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hederstedt, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1941-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lars.Hederstedt@mikrbiol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; Bacillus subtilis/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Transport ; *Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism
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  • 196
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-18
    Beschreibung: Volatiles dissolved in silicic magma at depth exsolve as the magma nears the surface and cause an increase in viscosity of the magma. A model of a volcanic conduit within an elastic medium and a viscosity dependent on the volatile content of the magma produces oscillatory magma flow for a critical range of steady input flow rates. Oscillatory flow is recognized as a fundamental mode of behavior at silicic volcanoes, and understanding it allows improved short-term forecasting of timing and eruption style.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wylie -- Voight -- Whitehead -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1883-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Geoscience, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, Cascades Volcano Obse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 197
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-05
    Beschreibung: The formation of molecular oxygen from water in photosynthesis is catalyzed by photosystem II at an active site containing four manganese ions that are arranged in di-mu-oxo dimanganese units (where mu is a bridging mode). The complex [H2O(terpy)Mn(O)2Mn(terpy)OH2](NO3)3 (terpy is 2,2':6', 2"-terpyridine), which was synthesized and structurally characterized, contains a di-mu-oxo manganese dimer and catalyzes the conversion of sodium hypochlorite to molecular oxygen. Oxygen-18 isotope labeling showed that water is the source of the oxygen atoms in the molecular oxygen evolved, and so this system is a functional model for photosynthetic water oxidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Limburg, J -- Vrettos, J S -- Liable-Sands, L M -- Rheingold, A L -- Crabtree, R H -- Brudvig, G W -- GM32715/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1524-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Post Office Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Catalysis ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Ligands ; Manganese/chemistry/metabolism ; Manganese Compounds/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxides/chemistry ; Oxygen/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen Isotopes ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry ; Water/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 198
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    Unbekannt
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-15
    Beschreibung: The Fos and Jun oncoproteins form dimeric complexes that stimulate transcription of genes containing activator protein-1 regulatory elements. We found, by representational difference analysis, that expression of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase (dnmt1) in fos-transformed cells is three times the expression in normal fibroblasts and that fos-transformed cells contain about 20 percent more 5-methylcytosine than normal fibroblasts. Transfection of the gene encoding Dnmt1 induced morphological transformation, whereas inhibition of dnmt1 expression or activity resulted in reversion of fos transformation. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, which associates with methylated DNA, also caused reversion. These results suggest that fos may transform cells through alterations in DNA methylation and in histone deacetylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakin, A V -- Curran, T -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):387-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 5-Methylcytosine ; Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Size ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, fos ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*metabolism ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 199
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-02
    Beschreibung: Observations of core-diffracted P (Pdiff) and SH (SHdiff) waves recorded by the Missouri-to-Massachusetts (MOMA) seismic array show that the ratio of compressional (P) seismic velocities to horizontal shear (SH) velocities at the base of the mantle changes abruptly from beneath the mid-Pacific (VP/VS = 1.88, also the value predicted by reference Earth models) to beneath Alaska (VP/VS = 1.83). This change signifies a sudden lateral variation in material properties that may have a mineralogical or textural origin. A textural change could be a result of shear stresses induced during the arrival at the core of ancient lithosphere from the northern Pacific paleotrench.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wysession -- Langenhorst -- Fouch -- Fischer -- Al-Eqabi -- Shore -- Clarke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):120-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Provide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 200
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Mature Arabidopsis seeds are enriched in storage proteins and lipids, but lack starch. In the shrunken seed 1 (sse1) mutant, however, starch is favored over proteins and lipids as the major storage compound. SSE1 has 26 percent identity with Pex16p in Yarrowia lipolytica and complements pex16 mutants defective in the formation of peroxisomes and the transportation of plasma membrane- and cell wall-associated proteins. In Arabidopsis maturing seeds, SSE1 is required for protein and oil body biogenesis, both of which are endoplasmic reticulum-dependent. Starch accumulation in sse1 suggests that starch formation is a default storage deposition pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Y -- Sun, L -- Nguyen, L V -- Rachubinski, R A -- Goodman, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; *Fungal Proteins ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Microbodies/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Organelles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Plant Oils/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saccharomycetales/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Seeds/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Starch/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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