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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic phenomena have major economic and medical relevance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles. Recent discoveries link the recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology to the targeting of DNA methylation, chromosome remodeling, and RNA turnover. Although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic manipulation of plants and animals. Essential for normal development, epigenetic controls become misdirected in cancer cells and other human disease syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolffe, A P -- Matzke, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):481-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Heath and Human Development, NIH, Building 18T, Room 106, Bethesda, MD 20892-5431, USA. awlme@helix.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genome ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, M A -- Matzke, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clone Cells ; *Cloning, Organism ; *Genetic Variation ; *Plant Cells ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, M A -- Matzke, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2318b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17769835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, M A -- Jorgensen, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1347b-8b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17814021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, M A -- Jorgensen, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1347-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Genes, Plant ; Mammals/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; *Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cationic potential-sensitive dyes have previously been used to selectively stain mitochondria in living animal cells (Johnson, Walsh & Chen, 1980; Johnson et al., 1981). The present work demonstrates that the cyanine dye 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) can also be used as a mitochondrial stain in living plant cells. The stained mitochondria were easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The accumulation of DiOC6(3) in mitochondria seemed to be potential-dependent since it was prevented by protonophores, valinomycin and inhibitors of electron transport. It was often observed that DiOC6(3) also stained the nuclear membrane of some cells. This fluorescence, limited to the perinuclear region, was possibly due to a potential across one or both nuclear membranes, although it was not completely dissipated by any of the ionophores or inhibitors tested. Our observations demonstrate the usefulness of using DiOC6(3) for studying relative membrane potentials of plant mitochondria and, perhaps, other organelles and membrane systems in living plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 11 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. To study whether an electrical potential difference exists across the nuclear envelope or inner nuclear membrane of plant cells, the authors have used an optical probe of membrane potential, the cationic fluorescent dye, DiOC6(3) (MW = 572.5). This dye was microinjected into the nucleoplasm of isolated Acetabularia nuclei (which are still surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm) and its subnuclear localization visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Striking differences, which seemed to be correlated with the developmental stage of the isolated nucleus, were observed. In nuclei isolated from cells at the stage of early cap stage formation, the dye was restricted to the nuclear envelope. In nuclei isolated from cells with intermediate or fully developed caps, there was increased nucleoplasmic staining, and the staining of the envelope was frequently diminished or abolished. In all nuclei, the dye remained within the nucleus after injection. Cytoplasmic staining was only observed when nuclei isolated from cells at the stage of early cap formation were incubated in a hyper- or hypo-tonic medium. Various ionophores, injected before the dye into the nucleoplasm, had no effect on the subsequent nuclear localization of DiOC6(3), although they did rapidly induce nucleolar condensation in nuclei isolated from cells at the stage of early cap formation. The results suggested that the electrical properties of Acetabularia nuclear envelopes or inner nuclear membranes change during cell maturation. Furthermore, the retention of the dye in the nucleoplasm under isotonic conditions indicated that the nuclear pores were not open channels for molecules of this size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We cloned and characterized a new highly repetitive, species-specific DNA sequence from turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). This repeat family, which accounts for approximately 5% of the turkey genome, consists of a 41 bp repeated element that is present in tandem arrays longer than 23 kb. In situ hybridization to turkey metaphase chromosomes (2n=80) demonstrated that this sequence was located primarily on certain microchromosomes: approximately one-third of the 66 microchromosomes showed a positive signal. With respect to the macrochromosomes, hybridization was seen only in a pericentric position on nos. 2 and 3. The turkey microchromosome (TM) sequence shares motifs (alternating A3–5 and T3–5 clusters separated by 6–8 bp) that have been found previously in other avian tandemly repeated elements, e.g. a chicken microchromosome sequence, and W (female) chromosome-specific sequences of chicken and turkey. However, the TM sequence does not cross-hybridize under moderately stringent conditions with these other sequence. The spread and amplification of related repetitive sequence elements on microchromosomes and W chromosomes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have used combined fluorescent and genomic in situ hybridization (FISH/GISH) together with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining to determine simultaneously the chromosome integration site and subgenomic allocation of a transgene in-sert in amphidiploid tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, 2n = 4x = 48). The procedure provides sufficient information on physical markers to identify at least 20 out of 24 chromosome pairs of two tobacco cultivars commonly used in studies on transgene expression and silencing (cv. Petit Havana SR1 and cv. Gatersleben). The chromosomes can be distinguished on the basis of diploid parental ancestry, size, morphology, the presence of rDNA loci and/or intergenomic exchanges, and the DAPI banding pattern, which is shown here for the first time for N. tabacum. From a single ISH experiment, it should now be possible in most cases to identify a tobacco chromosome carrying a transgene insert, thus permitting systematic studies of how the chromosome location of transgenes influences expression levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study whether specific DNA sequences are associated with nuclear membranes, residual DNA was extracted from DNase-treated nuclear envelopes prepared from erythrocytes of adult chickens (Gallus domesticus). This DNA was then blunt-end ligated into a bacterial plasmid vector. DNA blot analysis and nucleotide sequence determination revealed that approximately 30% of the cloned fragments consisted of different multiples of a 41–42 bp tandemly repeated, partially symmetrical sequence. In situ hybridization to chicken chromosomes demonstrated that the sequence was located primarily on microchromosomes, although some hybridization was also observed to macrochromosomes 7 and 8. Digestion of chicken DNA with any of a number of restriction enzymes did not completely reduce the intensity of a high molecular weight band to which the repeated sequence hybridized. These results, along with those obtained from in situ hybridization, suggested that many copies of this sequence are organized into large tandem arrays, and are not dispersed in many shorter repetitive blocks throughout the chicken genome. Although the repetitive sequence constituted approximately 10% of the chicken genome, it did not hybridize to quail or turkey DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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