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  • 1
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    Towards stable silicon nanoarray hybrid solar cells (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Silicon nanoarray hybrid solar cells benefit from the ease of fabrication and the cost-effectiveness of the hybrid structure, and represent a new research focus towards the utilization of solar energy. However, hybrid solar cells composed of both inorganic and organic components suffer from the notorious stability issue, which has to be tackled before the hybrid solar cells could become a viable alternative for harvesting solar energy. Here we show that Si nanoarray/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells with improved stability can be fabricated via eliminating the water inclusion in the initial formation of the heterojunction between Si nanoarray and PEDOT:PSS. The Si nanoarray hybrid solar cells are stable against rapid degradation in the atmosphere environment for several months without encapsulation. This finding paves the way towards the real-world applications of Si nanoarray hybrid solar cells. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep03715
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Performance and Mix Measurements of Indirect Drive Cu-Doped Be Implosions (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-27
    Description: Author(s): D. T. Casey, D. T. Woods, V. A. Smalyuk, O. A. Hurricane, V. Y. Glebov, C. Stoeckl, W. Theobald, R. Wallace, A. Nikroo, M. Schoff, C. Shuldberg, K. J. Wu, J. A. Frenje, O. L. Landen, B. A. Remington, and G. Glendinning The ablator couples energy between the driver and fusion fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Because of its low opacity, high solid density, and material properties, beryllium has long been considered an ideal ablator for ICF ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility. We report h... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205002] Published Tue May 19, 2015
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Coordinated regulation of iron-controlling genes, H-ferritin and IRP2, by c-MYC (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-29
    Description: The protein encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor that can both activate and repress the expression of target genes, but few of its transcriptional targets have been identified. Here, c-MYC is shown to repress the expression of the heavy subunit of the protein ferritin (H-ferritin), which sequesters intracellular iron, and to stimulate the expression of the iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2), which increases the intracellular iron pool. Down-regulation of the expression of H-ferritin gene was required for cell transformation by c-MYC. These results indicate that c-MYC coordinately regulates genes controlling intracellular iron concentrations and that this function is essential for the control of cell proliferation and transformation by c-MYC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, K J -- Polack, A -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA-37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):676-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. an.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Down-Regulation ; Ferritins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, myc ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2 ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*physiology ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Peptides enhance magnesium signature in calcite: insights into origins of vital effects (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Studies relating the magnesium (Mg) content of calcified skeletons to temperature often report unexplained deviations from the signature expected for inorganically grown calcite. These "vital effects" are believed to have biological origins, but mechanistic bases for measured offsets remain unclear. We show that a simple hydrophilic peptide, with the same carboxyl-rich character as that of macromolecules isolated from sites of calcification, increases calcite Mg content by up to 3 mole percent. Comparisons to previous studies correlating Mg content of carbonate minerals with temperature show that the Mg enhancement due to peptides results in offsets equivalent to 7 degrees to 14 degrees C. The insights also provide a physical basis for anecdotal evidence that organic chemistry modulates the mineralization of inorganic carbonates and suggest an approach to tuning impurity levels in controlled materials synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephenson, A E -- DeYoreo, J J -- Wu, L -- Wu, K J -- Hoyer, J -- Dove, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):724-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159417.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. aestephe@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Magnesium/*analysis ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Equation of state, adiabatic sound speed, and Grüneisen coefficient of boron carbide along the principal Hugoniot to 700 GPa (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-17
    Description: Author(s): D. E. Fratanduono, P. M. Celliers, D. G. Braun, P. A. Sterne, S. Hamel, A. Shamp, E. Zurek, K. J. Wu, A. E. Lazicki, M. Millot, and G. W. Collins A equation of state (EOS) experimental technique that enables the study of thermodynamic derivatives into the TPa regime is described and applied to boron carbide ( B 4 C ). Data presented here are principal Hugoniot sound speed measurements reported using a laser-driven shock platform, providing a mean… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 184107] Published Wed Nov 16, 2016
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal measurements of NH3 and ND3 desorption from Cu(001) (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 7494-7498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of NH3 and ND3 desorption from Cu(001) surface have been measured by time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy. The desorption precess is observed to be characterized by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The desorption energy and the prefactor have been determined for both NH3 and ND3. The prefactors are unusually low as compared to those observed for simple diatomic molecules. Moreover, we observed an unusual behavior consistent with an isotope kinetic compensation effect. Both of these observations can be explained within the context of transition state theory by the interplay between isotopic masses and the shifts of frustrated vibrational modes of adsorbed molecules. Our results imply that the conventional Arrhenius form would not be precisely applicable to molecular desorption, if a large enough temperature range could be measured, particularly for hydrogen-containing molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460180
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy study of water desorption from Ag(011) (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7964-7971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) results for the desorption of submonolayer coverages of H2O and D2O from Ag(011). The measurements were performed isothermally and effectively at constant coverage. At coverages above a few percent of a monolayer, we observe that the desorption is characterized by zero-order kinetics. That is, the desorption rate is independent of coverage. We hypothesize that this results from the formation of two-dimensional water islands on the surface at all coverages and temperatures measured. The desorption process is governed in part by the dissociation of water from the edges of these islands. Rapid diffusion on the surface maintains a quasiequilibrium between the molecules bound to islands and isolated adsorbed water molecules, thereby leading to pseudo-zero-order kinetics. This result is interpreted upon general thermodynamic grounds, and also using a simple kinetic model which leads to pseudo-zero-order desorption kinetics. An unusual hydrogen kinetic isotope effect is reported which lends support to our interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal coverage dependent measurements of NH3 and ND3 desorption from Cu(001) (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 5355-5363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present time-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy measurement of isothermal desorption of NH3 and ND3 from Cu(001) as a function of coverage. The desorption process is characterized by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The pseudo-first-order rate constant increases approximately exponentially as a function of adsorbed ammonia coverage. The results of an analysis based on a quasiequilibrium approximation which expresses the desorption rate in terms of a virial expansion in adsorbate coverage are reported. This demonstrates that the intermolecular interactions are dominated by short range repulsive lateral interactions, in qualitative accord with expectations of dipolar interactions. The results also suggest the existence of longer-range attractive interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461650
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate-mediated dispersion interaction effects in the properties of a physisorbed gas (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 4152-4159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of substrate-mediated dispersion interactions is applied to analyze a set of quasiequilibrium measurements of adsorption isobars and desorption isotherms of the CH4/Ag(011) physisorption system. The theory provides for the construction of an adsorbate intermolecular potential from the gas phase potential, with the spacing between the metal surface and the adsorbed layer as the sole adjustable parameter. The best fits to the kinetic and thermodynamic data yield a consistent intermolecular potential, with a well depth of approximately two-thirds of the free space value. The limited dynamic range of the measurements does not permit a determination of the form of the intermolecular potential. However, the good agreement of the theory with both data sets lends strong support for the quasiequilibrium model, and supports the proposition that the properties of physisorbed layers can be predicted using gas phase potentials while accounting for substrate-mediated dispersion interaction effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of drop size at the spray edge near the nozzle in atomizing liquid jets (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 941-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The drop size distribution was measured from back-lighted spark photographs at the edge of steady sprays in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle exit. The conditions of these liquid-into-gas sprays were such that the outer surface of the liquid jets broke up into small drops at the nozzle exit. The objective was to elucidate the mechanism of breakup. At room temperature, n-hexane and n-tetradecane at pressures from 2.86 to 9.76 MPa were injected into gaseous nitrogen at 1.48 to 2.86 MPa through three straight cylindrical nozzles of different diameters, 127 and 335 μm, and length-to-diameter ratios, 4 and 10. In all cases, the drop sizes could be fitted satisfactorily with a chi-square distribution with degree of freedom equal to 28. The Sauter mean drop diameter and other average diameters were found to decrease with increasing injection velocity and decreasing liquid surface tension, to be insensitive to nozzle diameter and length, and to increase slightly with increasing gas density. The trends and magnitudes are in agreement with those predicted by the supplemented aerodynamic theory of surface breakup if it is assumed that between the jet surface where the drops are formed, that is not visible, and the edge of the spray, where the measurements were made, drops undergo collisions and coalescence. In this region of dense sprays, drop coalescence leads to a rapid increase in drop size, particularly in high gas densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865689
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