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  • 1
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    Modulational instability of ion-acoustic waves in plasma with a q-nonextensive nonthermal electron velocity distribution (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Modulation instability of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) is investigated in a collisionless unmagnetized one dimensional plasma, containing positive ions and electrons following the mixed nonextensive nonthermal distribution [Tribeche et al ., Phys. Rev. E 85 , 037401 (2012)]. Using the reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation which governs the modulation instability of the IAWs is obtained. Valid range of plasma parameters has been fixed and their effects on the modulational instability discussed in detail. We find that the plasma supports both bright and dark solutions. The valid domain for the wave number k where instabilities set in varies with both nonextensive parameter q as well as non thermal parameter α . Moreover, the analysis is extended for the rational solutions of IAWs in the instability regime. Present study is useful for the understanding of IAWs in the region where such mixed distribution may exist.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Oblique ion-acoustic cnoidal waves in two temperature superthermal electrons magnetized plasma (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: A study is presented for the oblique propagation of ion acoustic cnoidal waves in a magnetized plasma consisting of cold ions and two temperature superthermal electrons modelled by kappa-type distributions. Using the reductive perturbation method, the nonlinear Korteweg de-Vries equation is derived, which further gives the solutions with a special type of cnoidal elliptical functions. Both compressive and rarefactive structures are found for these cnoidal waves. Nonlinear periodic cnoidal waves are explained in terms of plasma parameters depicting the Sagdeev potential and the phase curves. It is found that the density ratio of hot electrons to ions μ significantly modifies compressive/refractive wave structures. Furthermore, the combined effects of superthermality of cold and hot electrons κ c , κ h , cold to hot electron temperature ratio σ , angle of propagation and ion cyclotron frequency ω ci have been studied in detail to analyze the height and width of compressive/refractive cnoidal waves. The findings in the present study could have important implications in understanding the physics of electrostatic wave structures in the Saturn's magnetosphere where two temperature superthermal electrons are present.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Agronomy, Vol. 9, Pages 497: Marker Assisted Transfer of Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance Genes into Four Wheat Cultivars (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Agronomy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Three rust diseases namely; stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are the most common fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cause significant yield losses worldwide including Australia. Recently characterized stripe rust resistance genes Yr51 and Yr57 are effective against pre- and post-2002 Pst pathotypes in Australia. Similarly, stem rust resistance genes Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 are effective against the Pgt pathotype TTKSK (Ug99) and its derivatives in addition to commercially important Australian pathotypes. Effectiveness of these genes make them good candidates for combining with known pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR) genes to achieve durable resistance against three rust pathogens. This study was planned to transfer rust resistance genes Yr51, Yr57, Sr22, Sr26, and Sr50 into two Australian (Gladius and Livingston) and two Indian (PBW550 and DBW17) wheat cultivars through marker assisted selection (MAS). These cultivars also carry other rust resistance genes: Gladius carries Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 and Sr24/Lr24; Livingston carries Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, and Sr2; PBW550 and DBW17 carry Lr34/Yr18/Sr57 and Lr26/Yr9/Sr31. Donor sources of Yr51 (AUS91456), Yr57 (AUS91463), Sr22 (Sr22/3*K441), Sr26 (Sr26 WA1), and Sr50 (Dra-1/Chinese Spring ph1b/2/3* Gabo) were crossed with each of the recurrent parents to produce backcross progenies. Markers linked to Yr51 (sun104), Yr57 (gwm389 and BS00062676), Sr22 (cssu22), Sr26 (Sr26#43), and Sr50 (Sr50-5p-F3, R2) were used for their MAS and markers csLV34 (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57), VENTRIUP-LN2 (Lr37/Yr17/Sr38), Sr24#12 (Sr24/Lr24), and csSr2 (Sr2) were used to select genes present in recurrent parents. Progenies of selected individuals were grown and selected under field conditions for plant type and adult plant rust responses. Final selections were genotyped with the relevant markers. Backcross derivatives of these genes were distributed to breeding companies for use as resistance donors.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 4
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    Hypothalamic CRH neurons orchestrate complex behaviours after stress (2016)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-18
    Description: Article Animals exhibit a number of complex behaviours following stressful events, although the underlying circuitry is undetermined. Here, the authors use optogenetic targeting to identify a role for corticotrophin releasing hormone cells in the paraventricular nucleus in regulating such behavioural responses to acute stress. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11937 Authors: Tamás Füzesi, Nuria Daviu, Jaclyn I. Wamsteeker Cusulin, Robert P. Bonin, Jaideep S. Bains
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Kinetic Alfven solitary waves in a magnetized plasma with superthermal electrons (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: A study of the ion Larmor radius effects on the solitary kinetic Alfven waves (SKAWs) in a magnetized plasma with superthermal electrons is presented by employing the kinetic theory. The linear dispersion relation of SKAW is shown to depend on the superthermal parameter κ , ion to electron temperature ratio, and the angle of wave propagation. Using the Sagdeev potential approach, the energy balance equation has been derived to study the dynamics of SKAWs. The effects of various plasma parameters are investigated for the propagation of SKAWs. It is shown that only compressive solitons can exist and in the Maxwellian limit our results are in good agreement with previous studies. Further, the characteristics of small amplitude SKAWs are investigated. Present study could be useful for the understanding of SKAWs in a low β plasma in astrophysical environment, where particle distributions are superthermal in nature.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Beyond inhibition: GABA synapses tune the neuroendocrine stress axis (2014)
    Wiley
    In: BioEssays
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: We recently described a novel form of stress-associated bidirectional plasticity at GABA synapses onto hypothalamic parvocellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs), the apex of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. This plasticity may contribute to neuroendocrine adaptation. However, this GABA synapse plasticity likely does not translate into a simple more and less of inhibition because the ionic driving force for Cl − , the primary charge carrier for GABA A receptors, is dynamic. Specifically, stress impairs a Cl − extrusion mechanism in PNCs. This not only renders the steady-state GABA response less hyperpolarizing but also makes PNCs susceptible to the activity-dependent accumulation of Cl − . Accordingly, GABA synapse plasticity impacts both the robustness of GABA voltage response and dynamic Cl − loading, imposing nonlinear influences on PNC excitability during circuit activities. This theoretical consideration predicts roles for GABA transmission far more versatile than canonical inhibition. We propose potential impacts of GABA synapse plasticity on the experience-dependent fine-tuning of neuroendocrine stress responses. Hypothalamic parvovellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs) form the apex of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, controlling the corticosteroid (CORT) response to stress. GABAergic inputs onto PNCs undergo multiple forms of plasticity following stress. We propose a hypothesis that GABA synapse plasticity impacts Cl − homeostasis, generates excitatory GABA responses, and tunes neuroendocrine response.
    Print ISSN: 0265-9247
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-1878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Neuroscience. A machine with a fly's-eye view (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Microcomputers ; *Models, Biological ; *Motion Perception ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; *Robotics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Mechanisms of climate warming at the end of the paleocene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: An abrupt episode of global warming marked the end of the Paleocene epoch. Oxygen and carbon isotope records from two widely separated sites support the notion that degassing of biogenic methane hydrate may have been an important factor in altering Earth's climate. The data show evidence for multiple injections of methane, separated by intervals in which the carbon cycle was in stasis. Correlations between the two sites suggest that even these small-scale events were global in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains -- Corfield -- Norris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Double helix doubles as engineer (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2043-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; *Dna ; *Electronics ; Microspheres ; *Optics and Photonics ; Silicon ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    A subtler silicon cell for neural networks (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):1935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9333947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Nerve Net/physiology ; *Neural Networks (Computer) ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Silicon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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