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  • Articles  (1,776)
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  • Signal Transduction  (1,776)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-03-25
    Description: Author: L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Author: L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-05-20
    Description: Author: L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Author: L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: Activation of various cell surface receptors triggers the reorganization of downstream signaling molecules into micrometer- or submicrometer-sized clusters. However, the functional consequences of such clustering have been unclear. We biochemically reconstituted a 12-component signaling pathway on model membranes, beginning with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and ending with actin assembly. When TCR phosphorylation was triggered, downstream signaling proteins spontaneously separated into liquid-like clusters that promoted signaling outputs both in vitro and in human Jurkat T cells. Reconstituted clusters were enriched in kinases but excluded phosphatases and enhanced actin filament assembly by recruiting and organizing actin regulators. These results demonstrate that protein phase separation can create a distinct physical and biochemical compartment that facilitates signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaolei -- Ditlev, Jonathon A -- Hui, Enfu -- Xing, Wenmin -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Okrut, Julia -- King, David S -- Taunton, Jack -- Rosen, Michael K -- Vale, Ronald D -- 5-F32-DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):595-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9964. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; HHMI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*agonists ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Systemic inflammation, which results from the massive release of proinflammatory molecules into the circulatory system, is a major risk factor for severe illness, but the precise mechanisms underlying its control are not fully understood. We observed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), through its receptor EP4, is down-regulated in human systemic inflammatory disease. Mice with reduced PGE2 synthesis develop systemic inflammation, associated with translocation of gut bacteria, which can be prevented by treatment with EP4 agonists. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PGE2-EP4 signaling acts directly on type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting their homeostasis and driving them to produce interleukin-22 (IL-22). Disruption of the ILC-IL-22 axis impairs PGE2-mediated inhibition of systemic inflammation. Hence, the ILC-IL-22 axis is essential in protecting against gut barrier dysfunction, enabling PGE2-EP4 signaling to impede systemic inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841390/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841390/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffin, Rodger -- O'Connor, Richard A -- Crittenden, Siobhan -- Forster, Thorsten -- Yu, Cunjing -- Zheng, Xiaozhong -- Smyth, Danielle -- Robb, Calum T -- Rossi, Fiona -- Skouras, Christos -- Tang, Shaohui -- Richards, James -- Pellicoro, Antonella -- Weller, Richard B -- Breyer, Richard M -- Mole, Damian J -- Iredale, John P -- Anderton, Stephen M -- Narumiya, Shuh -- Maizels, Rick M -- Ghazal, Peter -- Howie, Sarah E -- Rossi, Adriano G -- Yao, Chengcan -- 106122/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/K091121/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- DK37097/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1333-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. ; Division of Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Infectious Diseases, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK. ; Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. ; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK. ; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China. ; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics (AK Project), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0075, Japan. ; Division of Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Infectious Diseases, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK. Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, UK. ; Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. chengcan.yao@ed.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Infections/genetics/immunology ; Dinoprostone/*immunology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*immunology/microbiology ; Interleukins/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology/microbiology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Mice ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the central nervous system and develop from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that must first migrate extensively during brain and spinal cord development. We show that OPCs require the vasculature as a physical substrate for migration. We observed that OPCs of the embryonic mouse brain and spinal cord, as well as the human cortex, emerge from progenitor domains and associate with the abluminal endothelial surface of nearby blood vessels. Migrating OPCs crawl along and jump between vessels. OPC migration in vivo was disrupted in mice with defective vascular architecture but was normal in mice lacking pericytes. Thus, physical interactions with the vascular endothelium are required for OPC migration. We identify Wnt-Cxcr4 (chemokine receptor 4) signaling in regulation of OPC-endothelial interactions and propose that this signaling coordinates OPC migration with differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, Hui-Hsin -- Niu, Jianqin -- Munji, Roeben -- Davalos, Dimitrios -- Chang, Junlei -- Zhang, Haijing -- Tien, An-Chi -- Kuo, Calvin J -- Chan, Jonah R -- Daneman, Richard -- Fancy, Stephen P J -- 1P01 NS083513/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 1R01NS064517/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):379-84. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Division of Neonatology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Newborn Brain Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. stephen.fancy@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/cytology/embryology ; *Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*embryology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Humans ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; *Neurogenesis ; Oligodendroglia/cytology/*physiology ; *Organogenesis ; Pericytes/cytology/physiology ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/blood supply/cytology/*embryology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Astrocytes are specialized and heterogeneous cells that contribute to central nervous system function and homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that create and maintain differences among astrocytes and allow them to fulfill particular physiological roles remain poorly defined. We reveal that neurons actively determine the features of astrocytes in the healthy adult brain and define a role for neuron-derived sonic hedgehog (Shh) in regulating the molecular and functional profile of astrocytes. Thus, the molecular and physiological program of astrocytes is not hardwired during development but, rather, depends on cues from neurons that drive and sustain their specialized properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farmer, W Todd -- Abrahamsson, Therese -- Chierzi, Sabrina -- Lui, Christopher -- Zaelzer, Cristian -- Jones, Emma V -- Bally, Blandine Ponroy -- Chen, Gary G -- Theroux, Jean-Francois -- Peng, Jimmy -- Bourque, Charles W -- Charron, Frederic -- Ernst, Carl -- Sjostrom, P Jesper -- Murai, Keith K -- FDN 143337/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 111152/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 123390/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 126137/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- NIA 288936/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):849-54. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada. ; Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. keith.murai@mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hedgehog Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Purine biosynthetic enzymes organize into dynamic cellular bodies called purinosomes. Little is known about the spatiotemporal control of these structures. Using super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrated that purinosomes colocalized with mitochondria, and these results were supported by isolation of purinosome enzymes with mitochondria. Moreover, the number of purinosome-containing cells responded to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism. To explore the role of intracellular signaling, we performed a kinome screen using a label-free assay and found that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) influenced purinosome assembly. mTOR inhibition reduced purinosome-mitochondria colocalization and suppressed purinosome formation stimulated by mitochondria dysregulation. Collectively, our data suggest an mTOR-mediated link between purinosomes and mitochondria, and a general means by which mTOR regulates nucleotide metabolism by spatiotemporal control over protein association.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉French, Jarrod B -- Jones, Sara A -- Deng, Huayun -- Pedley, Anthony M -- Kim, Doory -- Chan, Chung Yu -- Hu, Haibei -- Pugh, Raymond J -- Zhao, Hong -- Zhang, Youxin -- Huang, Tony Jun -- Fang, Ye -- Zhuang, Xiaowei -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- 1R33EB019785-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- GM024129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):733-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. jarrod.french@stonybrook.edu fangy2@corning.com zhuang@chemistry.harvard.edu sjb1@psu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA. jarrod.french@stonybrook.edu fangy2@corning.com zhuang@chemistry.harvard.edu sjb1@psu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jarrod.french@stonybrook.edu fangy2@corning.com zhuang@chemistry.harvard.edu sjb1@psu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. jarrod.french@stonybrook.edu fangy2@corning.com zhuang@chemistry.harvard.edu sjb1@psu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Purines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: The plant root cap, surrounding the very tip of the growing root, perceives and transmits environmental signals to the inner root tissues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, auxin released by the root cap contributes to the regular spacing of lateral organs along the primary root axis. Here, we show that the periodicity of lateral organ induction is driven by recurrent programmed cell death at the most distal edge of the root cap. We suggest that synchronous bursts of cell death in lateral root cap cells release pulses of auxin to surrounding root tissues, establishing the pattern for lateral root formation. The dynamics of root cap turnover may therefore coordinate primary root growth with root branching in order to optimize the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xuan, Wei -- Band, Leah R -- Kumpf, Robert P -- Van Damme, Daniel -- Parizot, Boris -- De Rop, Gieljan -- Opdenacker, Davy -- Moller, Barbara K -- Skorzinski, Noemi -- Njo, Maria F -- De Rybel, Bert -- Audenaert, Dominique -- Nowack, Moritz K -- Vanneste, Steffen -- Beeckman, Tom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):384-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China. ; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK. ; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. ; Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. ; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, Netherlands. ; Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. tobee@psb.vib-ugent.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Arabidopsis/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Plant Root Cap/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Soil ; Water/metabolism
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: The intestinal epithelium forms an essential barrier between a host and its microbiota. Protozoa and helminths are members of the gut microbiota of mammals, including humans, yet the many ways that gut epithelial cells orchestrate responses to these eukaryotes remain unclear. Here we show that tuft cells, which are taste-chemosensory epithelial cells, accumulate during parasite colonization and infection. Disruption of chemosensory signaling through the loss of TRMP5 abrogates the expansion of tuft cells, goblet cells, eosinophils, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells during parasite colonization. Tuft cells are the primary source of the parasite-induced cytokine interleukin-25, which indirectly induces tuft cell expansion by promoting interleukin-13 production by innate lymphoid cells. Our results identify intestinal tuft cells as critical sentinels in the gut epithelium that promote type 2 immunity in response to intestinal parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howitt, Michael R -- Lavoie, Sydney -- Michaud, Monia -- Blum, Arthur M -- Tran, Sara V -- Weinstock, Joel V -- Gallini, Carey Ann -- Redding, Kevin -- Margolskee, Robert F -- Osborne, Lisa C -- Artis, David -- Garrett, Wendy S -- F31DK105653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32DK098826/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154426/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099531/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1329-33. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1648. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. ; Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. wgarrett@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*immunology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Goblet Cells/immunology ; Helminthiasis/immunology/parasitology ; Helminths/immunology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukin-13/immunology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*immunology/parasitology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology ; Protozoan Infections/immunology/parasitology ; Signal Transduction ; TRPM Cation Channels/*immunology ; Taste ; Transducin/genetics/immunology ; Tritrichomonas/immunology
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Metastatic disease is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and involves critical interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Hypoxia is a potent microenvironmental factor promoting metastatic progression. Clinically, hypoxia and the expression of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 are associated with increased distant metastasis and poor survival in a variety of tumor types. Moreover, HIF signaling in malignant cells influences multiple steps within the metastatic cascade. Here we review research focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which the hypoxic tumor microenvironment promotes metastatic progression. These studies have identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets regulated by hypoxia that could be incorporated into strategies aimed at preventing and treating metastatic disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rankin, Erinn B -- Giaccia, Amato J -- CA-197713/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-198291/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-67166/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):175-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4405. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5152, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5152, USA. ; Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5152, USA. giaccia@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Movement ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology/*therapy ; Radiation Tolerance ; Signal Transduction ; *Tumor Microenvironment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: The oncogene MDMX is overexpressed in many cancers, leading to suppression of the tumor suppressor p53. Inhibitors of the oncogene product MDMX therefore might help reactivate p53 and enhance the efficacy of DNA-damaging drugs. However, we currently lack a quantitative understanding of how MDMX inhibition affects the p53 signaling pathway and cell sensitivity to DNA damage. Live cell imaging showed that MDMX depletion triggered two distinct phases of p53 accumulation in single cells: an initial postmitotic pulse, followed by low-amplitude oscillations. The response to DNA damage was sharply different in these two phases; in the first phase, MDMX depletion was synergistic with DNA damage in causing cell death, whereas in the second phase, depletion of MDMX inhibited cell death. Thus a quantitative understanding of signal dynamics and cellular states is important for designing an optimal schedule of dual-drug administration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Sheng-Hong -- Forrester, William -- Lahav, Galit -- F32GM105205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM083303/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083303/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1204-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5610. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage ; Apoptosis ; *DNA Damage ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Imaging ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: Endothelial cells (ECs) are plastic cells that can switch between growth states with different bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. Although quiescent in most healthy tissues, ECs divide and migrate rapidly upon proangiogenic stimulation. Adjusting endothelial metabolism to the growth state is central to normal vessel growth and function, yet it is poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we report that the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor FOXO1 is an essential regulator of vascular growth that couples metabolic and proliferative activities in ECs. Endothelial-restricted deletion of FOXO1 in mice induces a profound increase in EC proliferation that interferes with coordinated sprouting, thereby causing hyperplasia and vessel enlargement. Conversely, forced expression of FOXO1 restricts vascular expansion and leads to vessel thinning and hypobranching. We find that FOXO1 acts as a gatekeeper of endothelial quiescence, which decelerates metabolic activity by reducing glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, FOXO1 suppresses signalling by MYC (also known as c-MYC), a powerful driver of anabolic metabolism and growth. MYC ablation impairs glycolysis, mitochondrial function and proliferation of ECs while its EC-specific overexpression fuels these processes. Moreover, restoration of MYC signalling in FOXO1-overexpressing endothelium normalizes metabolic activity and branching behaviour. Our findings identify FOXO1 as a critical rheostat of vascular expansion and define the FOXO1-MYC transcriptional network as a novel metabolic checkpoint during endothelial growth and proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilhelm, Kerstin -- Happel, Katharina -- Eelen, Guy -- Schoors, Sandra -- Oellerich, Mark F -- Lim, Radiance -- Zimmermann, Barbara -- Aspalter, Irene M -- Franco, Claudio A -- Boettger, Thomas -- Braun, Thomas -- Fruttiger, Marcus -- Rajewsky, Klaus -- Keller, Charles -- Bruning, Jens C -- Gerhardt, Holger -- Carmeliet, Peter -- Potente, Michael -- K08CA090438/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):216-20. doi: 10.1038/nature16498. Epub 2016 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Angiogenesis &Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany. ; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. ; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium. ; Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Vascular Morphogenesis Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal. ; Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany. ; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK. ; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), D-13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon 97005, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. ; Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Vesalius Research Center, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium. ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, D-13347 Berlin, Germany. ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), D-10117 Berlin, Germany. ; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland. ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, D-13347 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26735015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Respiration ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: (beta-)Arrestins are important regulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They bind to active, phosphorylated GPCRs and thereby shut off 'classical' signalling to G proteins, trigger internalization of GPCRs via interaction with the clathrin machinery and mediate signalling via 'non-classical' pathways. In addition to two visual arrestins that bind to rod and cone photoreceptors (termed arrestin1 and arrestin4), there are only two (non-visual) beta-arrestin proteins (beta-arrestin1 and beta-arrestin2, also termed arrestin2 and arrestin3), which regulate hundreds of different (non-visual) GPCRs. Binding of these proteins to GPCRs usually requires the active form of the receptors plus their phosphorylation by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). The binding of receptors or their carboxy terminus as well as certain truncations induce active conformations of (beta-)arrestins that have recently been solved by X-ray crystallography. Here we investigate both the interaction of beta-arrestin with GPCRs, and the beta-arrestin conformational changes in real time and in living human cells, using a series of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based beta-arrestin2 biosensors. We observe receptor-specific patterns of conformational changes in beta-arrestin2 that occur rapidly after the receptor-beta-arrestin2 interaction. After agonist removal, these changes persist for longer than the direct receptor interaction. Our data indicate a rapid, receptor-type-specific, two-step binding and activation process between GPCRs and beta-arrestins. They further indicate that beta-arrestins remain active after dissociation from receptors, allowing them to remain at the cell surface and presumably signal independently. Thus, GPCRs trigger a rapid, receptor-specific activation/deactivation cycle of beta-arrestins, which permits their active signalling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nuber, Susanne -- Zabel, Ulrike -- Lorenz, Kristina -- Nuber, Andreas -- Milligan, Graeme -- Tobin, Andrew B -- Lohse, Martin J -- Hoffmann, Carsten -- 1 R01 DA038882/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- BB/K019864/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):661-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17198. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. ; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Biosensing Techniques ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Neoplastic pancreatic epithelial cells are believed to die through caspase 8-dependent apoptotic cell death, and chemotherapy is thought to promote tumour apoptosis. Conversely, cancer cells often disrupt apoptosis to survive. Another type of programmed cell death is necroptosis (programmed necrosis), but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. There are many potential inducers of necroptosis in PDA, including ligation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), CD95, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, Toll-like receptors, reactive oxygen species, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Here we report that the principal components of the necrosome, receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1 and RIP3, are highly expressed in PDA and are further upregulated by the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. Blockade of the necrosome in vitro promoted cancer cell proliferation and induced an aggressive oncogenic phenotype. By contrast, in vivo deletion of RIP3 or inhibition of RIP1 protected against oncogenic progression in mice and was associated with the development of a highly immunogenic myeloid and T cell infiltrate. The immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment associated with intact RIP1/RIP3 signalling depended in part on necroptosis-induced expression of the chemokine attractant CXCL1, and CXCL1 blockade protected against PDA. Moreover, cytoplasmic SAP130 (a subunit of the histone deacetylase complex) was expressed in PDA in a RIP1/RIP3-dependent manner, and Mincle--its cognate receptor--was upregulated in tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells. Ligation of Mincle by SAP130 promoted oncogenesis, whereas deletion of Mincle protected against oncogenesis and phenocopied the immunogenic reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment that was induced by RIP3 deletion. Cellular depletion suggested that whereas inhibitory macrophages promote tumorigenesis in PDA, they lose their immune-suppressive effects when RIP3 or Mincle is deleted. Accordingly, T cells, which are not protective against PDA progression in mice with intact RIP3 or Mincle signalling, are reprogrammed into indispensable mediators of anti-tumour immunity in the absence of RIP3 or Mincle. Our work describes parallel networks of necroptosis-induced CXCL1 and Mincle signalling that promote macrophage-induced adaptive immune suppression and thereby enable PDA progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4833566/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seifert, Lena -- Werba, Gregor -- Tiwari, Shaun -- Giao Ly, Nancy Ngoc -- Alothman, Sara -- Alqunaibit, Dalia -- Avanzi, Antonina -- Barilla, Rocky -- Daley, Donnele -- Greco, Stephanie H -- Torres-Hernandez, Alejandro -- Pergamo, Matthew -- Ochi, Atsuo -- Zambirinis, Constantinos P -- Pansari, Mridul -- Rendon, Mauricio -- Tippens, Daniel -- Hundeyin, Mautin -- Mani, Vishnu R -- Hajdu, Cristina -- Engle, Dannielle -- Miller, George -- CA155649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA168611/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA193111/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):245-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17403. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; *Carcinogenesis/drug effects ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chemokine CXCL1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Lectins, C-Type/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Necrosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2016-02-11
    Description: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest component of the autonomic nervous system, with neuron numbers surpassing those present in the spinal cord. The ENS has been called the 'second brain' given its autonomy, remarkable neurotransmitter diversity and complex cytoarchitecture. Defects in ENS development are responsible for many human disorders including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). HSCR is caused by the developmental failure of ENS progenitors to migrate into the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the distal colon. Human ENS development remains poorly understood owing to the lack of an easily accessible model system. Here we demonstrate the efficient derivation and isolation of ENS progenitors from human pluripotent stem (PS) cells, and their further differentiation into functional enteric neurons. ENS precursors derived in vitro are capable of targeted migration in the developing chick embryo and extensive colonization of the adult mouse colon. The in vivo engraftment and migration of human PS-cell-derived ENS precursors rescue disease-related mortality in HSCR mice (Ednrb(s-l/s-l)), although the mechanism of action remains unclear. Finally, EDNRB-null mutant ENS precursors enable modelling of HSCR-related migration defects, and the identification of pepstatin A as a candidate therapeutic target. Our study establishes the first, to our knowledge, human PS-cell-based platform for the study of human ENS development, and presents cell- and drug-based strategies for the treatment of HSCR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846424/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846424/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fattahi, Faranak -- Steinbeck, Julius A -- Kriks, Sonja -- Tchieu, Jason -- Zimmer, Bastian -- Kishinevsky, Sarah -- Zeltner, Nadja -- Mica, Yvonne -- El-Nachef, Wael -- Zhao, Huiyong -- de Stanchina, Elisa -- Gershon, Michael D -- Grikscheit, Tracy C -- Chen, Shuibing -- Studer, Lorenz -- DP2 DK098093-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS15547/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS015547/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16951. Epub 2016 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Pediatric Surgery, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cell Separation ; *Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods ; Chick Embryo ; Colon/drug effects/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Enteric Nervous System/*pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects/pathology ; Hirschsprung Disease/*drug therapy/*pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/*pathology ; Pepstatins/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology ; Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: Microglia are damage sensors for the central nervous system (CNS), and the phagocytes responsible for routine non-inflammatory clearance of dead brain cells. Here we show that the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Mer and Axl regulate these microglial functions. We find that adult mice deficient in microglial Mer and Axl exhibit a marked accumulation of apoptotic cells specifically in neurogenic regions of the CNS, and that microglial phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells generated during adult neurogenesis is normally driven by both TAM receptor ligands Gas6 and protein S. Using live two-photon imaging, we demonstrate that the microglial response to brain damage is also TAM-regulated, as TAM-deficient microglia display reduced process motility and delayed convergence to sites of injury. Finally, we show that microglial expression of Axl is prominently upregulated in the inflammatory environment that develops in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Together, these results establish TAM receptors as both controllers of microglial physiology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention in CNS disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fourgeaud, Lawrence -- Traves, Paqui G -- Tufail, Yusuf -- Leal-Bailey, Humberto -- Lew, Erin D -- Burrola, Patrick G -- Callaway, Perri -- Zagorska, Anna -- Rothlin, Carla V -- Nimmerjahn, Axel -- Lemke, Greg -- DP2 NS083038/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- DP2 NS083038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI089824/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101400/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS085938/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 14;532(7598):240-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17630. Epub 2016 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain. ; Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Joint Master in Neuroscience Program, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67081, France. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain/blood supply/cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Brain Injuries/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Neurogenesis ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Protein S/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: The evolution of novel cell types led to the emergence of new tissues and organs during the diversification of animals. The origin of the chondrocyte, the cell type that synthesizes cartilage matrix, was central to the evolution of the vertebrate endoskeleton. Cartilage-like tissues also exist outside the vertebrates, although their relationship to vertebrate cartilage is enigmatic. Here we show that protostome and deuterostome cartilage share structural and chemical properties, and that the mechanisms of cartilage development are extensively conserved--from induction of chondroprogenitor cells by Hedgehog and beta-catenin signalling, to chondrocyte differentiation and matrix synthesis by SoxE and SoxD regulation of clade A fibrillar collagen (ColA) genes--suggesting that the chondrogenic gene regulatory network evolved in the common ancestor of Bilateria. These results reveal deep homology of the genetic program for cartilage development in Bilateria and suggest that activation of this ancient core chondrogenic network underlies the parallel evolution of cartilage tissues in Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa and Deuterostomia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tarazona, Oscar A -- Slota, Leslie A -- Lopez, Davys H -- Zhang, GuangJun -- Cohn, Martin J -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):86-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17398. Epub 2016 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cartilage/anatomy & histology/embryology/metabolism ; Chondrocytes/cytology ; Chondrogenesis/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; Decapodiformes/cytology/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fibrillar Collagens/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Invertebrates/cytology/*embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Phylogeny ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/genetics ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: A marked bias towards risk aversion has been observed in nearly every species tested. A minority of individuals, however, instead seem to prefer risk (repeatedly choosing uncertain large rewards over certain but smaller rewards), and even risk-averse individuals sometimes opt for riskier alternatives. It is not known how neural activity underlies such important shifts in decision-making--either as a stable trait across individuals or at the level of variability within individuals. Here we describe a model of risk-preference in rats, in which stable individual differences, trial-by-trial choices, and responses to pharmacological agents all parallel human behaviour. By combining new genetic targeting strategies with optical recording of neural activity during behaviour in this model, we identify relevant temporally specific signals from a genetically and anatomically defined population of neurons. This activity occurred within dopamine receptor type-2 (D2R)-expressing cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), signalled unfavourable outcomes from the recent past at a time appropriate for influencing subsequent decisions, and also predicted subsequent choices made. Having uncovered this naturally occurring neural correlate of risk selection, we then mimicked the temporally specific signal with optogenetic control during decision-making and demonstrated its causal effect in driving risk-preference. Specifically, risk-preferring rats could be instantaneously converted to risk-averse rats with precisely timed phasic stimulation of NAc D2R cells. These findings suggest that individual differences in risk-preference, as well as real-time risky decision-making, can be largely explained by the encoding in D2R-expressing NAc cells of prior unfavourable outcomes during decision-making.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zalocusky, Kelly A -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Lerner, Talia N -- Davidson, Thomas J -- Knutson, Brian -- Deisseroth, Karl -- 1F31MH105151-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 1F32MH105053-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 31;531(7596):642-6. doi: 10.1038/nature17400. Epub 2016 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioengineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Psychological ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/*cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; Reward ; *Risk Management ; Signal Transduction ; Uncertainty
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  • 22
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, Erwin F -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):42-3. doi: 10.1038/530042a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Department of Cancer Cell Biology, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Progression ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/*pathology ; I-kappa B Kinase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*immunology/*pathology/therapy ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Microenvironment/*physiology ; Uncertainty
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: Blood vessels define local microenvironments in the skeletal system, play crucial roles in osteogenesis and provide niches for haematopoietic stem cells. The properties of niche-forming vessels and their changes in the ageing organism remain incompletely understood. Here we show that Notch signalling in endothelial cells leads to the expansion of haematopoietic stem cell niches in bone, which involves increases in CD31-positive capillaries and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRbeta)-positive perivascular cells, arteriole formation and elevated levels of cellular stem cell factor. Although endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor signalling promotes some of these changes, it fails to enhance vascular niche function because of a lack of arterialization and expansion of PDGFRbeta-positive cells. In ageing mice, niche-forming vessels in the skeletal system are strongly reduced but can be restored by activation of endothelial Notch signalling. These findings indicate that vascular niches for haematopoietic stem cells are part of complex, age-dependent microenvironments involving multiple cell populations and vessel subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kusumbe, Anjali P -- Ramasamy, Saravana K -- Itkin, Tomer -- Mae, Maarja Andaloussi -- Langen, Urs H -- Betsholtz, Christer -- Lapidot, Tsvee -- Adams, Ralf H -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):380-4. doi: 10.1038/nature17638. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Munster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Munster, Germany. ; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles vag 2, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD31/metabolism ; Arterioles/cytology/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/*blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Capillaries/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Factor/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Niche
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: Author: L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-10-14
    Description: Authors: Caroline Ash, L. Bryan Ray
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2016-10-14
    Description: Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in signal transduction networks. Phosphorylation alters protein function by regulating enzymatic activity, stability, cellular localization, or binding partners. Over three-quarters of human proteins may be phosphorylated, with many targeted at multiple sites. Such multisite phosphorylation substantially increases the scope for modulating protein function—a protein with n phosphorylation sites has the potential to exist in 2n distinct phosphorylation states, each of which could, in theory, display modified functionality. Proteins can be substrates for several protein kinases, thereby integrating distinct signals to provide a coherent biological response. However, they can also be phosphorylated at multiple sites by a single protein kinase to promote a specific functional output that can be reversed by dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases. On page 233 of this issue, Mylona et al. (1) reveal an unexpected role for multisite phosphorylation, whereby a protein kinase progressively phosphorylates sites on a transcription factor to promote and then subsequently limit its activity independently of dephosphorylation. Authors: Alan J. Whitmarsh, Roger J. Davis
    Keywords: Signal Transduction
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury. The intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche provides Wnt, Notch and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals supporting Lgr5(+) crypt base columnar ISCs for normal epithelial maintenance. However, little is known about the regulation of the ISC compartment after tissue damage. Using ex vivo organoid cultures, here we show that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), potent producers of interleukin-22 (IL-22) after intestinal injury, increase the growth of mouse small intestine organoids in an IL-22-dependent fashion. Recombinant IL-22 directly targeted ISCs, augmenting the growth of both mouse and human intestinal organoids, increasing proliferation and promoting ISC expansion. IL-22 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in Lgr5(+) ISCs, and STAT3 was crucial for both organoid formation and IL-22-mediated regeneration. Treatment with IL-22 in vivo after mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation enhanced the recovery of ISCs, increased epithelial regeneration and reduced intestinal pathology and mortality from graft-versus-host disease. ATOH1-deficient organoid culture demonstrated that IL-22 induced epithelial regeneration independently of the Paneth cell niche. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism by which the immune system is able to support the intestinal epithelium, activating ISCs to promote regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindemans, Caroline A -- Calafiore, Marco -- Mertelsmann, Anna M -- O'Connor, Margaret H -- Dudakov, Jarrod A -- Jenq, Robert R -- Velardi, Enrico -- Young, Lauren F -- Smith, Odette M -- Lawrence, Gillian -- Ivanov, Juliet A -- Fu, Ya-Yuan -- Takashima, Shuichiro -- Hua, Guoqiang -- Martin, Maria L -- O'Rourke, Kevin P -- Lo, Yuan-Hung -- Mokry, Michal -- Romera-Hernandez, Monica -- Cupedo, Tom -- Dow, Lukas E -- Nieuwenhuis, Edward E -- Shroyer, Noah F -- Liu, Chen -- Kolesnick, Richard -- van den Brink, Marcel R M -- Hanash, Alan M -- HHSN272200900059C/PHS HHS/ -- K08 HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08-HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99-CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI116497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):560-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16460. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Cancer Biology &Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/deficiency/*immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Organoids/cytology/growth & development/immunology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; Phosphorylation ; *Regeneration ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms, and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential for the development of infected root nodules. We have identified a gene in Lotus japonicus, Epr3, encoding a receptor-like kinase that controls this infection. We show that epr3 mutants are defective in perception of purified EPS, and that EPR3 binds EPS directly and distinguishes compatible and incompatible EPS in bacterial competition studies. Expression of Epr3 in epidermal cells within the susceptible root zone shows that the protein is involved in bacterial entry, while rhizobial and plant mutant studies suggest that Epr3 regulates bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer. Finally, we show that Epr3 expression is inducible and dependent on host perception of bacterial nodulation (Nod) factors. Plant-bacterial compatibility and bacterial access to legume roots is thus regulated by a two-stage mechanism involving sequential receptor-mediated recognition of Nod factor and EPS signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaharada, Y -- Kelly, S -- Nielsen, M Wibroe -- Hjuler, C T -- Gysel, K -- Muszynski, A -- Carlson, R W -- Thygesen, M B -- Sandal, N -- Asmussen, M H -- Vinther, M -- Andersen, S U -- Krusell, L -- Thirup, S -- Jensen, K J -- Ronson, C W -- Blaise, M -- Radutoiu, S -- Stougaard, J -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):308-12. doi: 10.1038/nature14611. Epub 2015 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [3] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871 C, Denmark. ; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lotus/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Phenotype ; Plant Epidermis/metabolism/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhizobium/*metabolism ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity ; Suppression, Genetic/genetics ; *Symbiosis
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Impaired mitochondrial maintenance in disparate cell types is a shared hallmark of many human pathologies and ageing. How mitochondrial biogenesis coordinates with the removal of damaged or superfluous mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis is not well understood. Here we show that mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy targeting mitochondria for degradation, interfaces with mitochondrial biogenesis to regulate mitochondrial content and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that DCT-1 is a key mediator of mitophagy and longevity assurance under conditions of stress in C. elegans. Impairment of mitophagy compromises stress resistance and triggers mitochondrial retrograde signalling through the SKN-1 transcription factor that regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis genes and mitophagy by enhancing DCT-1 expression. Our findings reveal a homeostatic feedback loop that integrates metabolic signals to coordinate the biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria. Uncoupling of these two processes during ageing contributes to overproliferation of damaged mitochondria and decline of cellular function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palikaras, Konstantinos -- Lionaki, Eirini -- Tavernarakis, Nektarios -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):525-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14300. Epub 2015 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. ; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. ; 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; *Mitochondrial Degradation/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: Pluripotent stem cells provide a powerful system to dissect the underlying molecular dynamics that regulate cell fate changes during mammalian development. Here we report the integrative analysis of genome-wide binding data for 38 transcription factors with extensive epigenome and transcriptional data across the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to the three germ layers. We describe core regulatory dynamics and show the lineage-specific behaviour of selected factors. In addition to the orchestrated remodelling of the chromatin landscape, we find that the binding of several transcription factors is strongly associated with specific loss of DNA methylation in one germ layer, and in many cases a reciprocal gain in the other layers. Taken together, our work shows context-dependent rewiring of transcription factor binding, downstream signalling effectors, and the epigenome during human embryonic stem cell differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499331/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499331/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsankov, Alexander M -- Gu, Hongcang -- Akopian, Veronika -- Ziller, Michael J -- Donaghey, Julie -- Amit, Ido -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Meissner, Alexander -- 5F32DK095537/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM099117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01GM099117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 ES017155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- U01ES017155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):344-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, 76100 Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenomics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ Layers/cytology/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: Wing polyphenism is an evolutionarily successful feature found in a wide range of insects. Long-winged morphs can fly, which allows them to escape adverse habitats and track changing resources, whereas short-winged morphs are flightless, but usually possess higher fecundity than the winged morphs. Studies on aphids, crickets and planthoppers have revealed that alternative wing morphs develop in response to various environmental cues, and that the response to these cues may be mediated by developmental hormones, although research in this area has yielded equivocal and conflicting results about exactly which hormones are involved. As it stands, the molecular mechanism underlying wing morph determination in insects has remained elusive. Here we show that two insulin receptors in the migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, InR1 and InR2, have opposing roles in controlling long wing versus short wing development by regulating the activity of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo. InR1, acting via the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling cascade, leads to the long-winged morph if active and the short-winged morph if inactive. InR2, by contrast, functions as a negative regulator of the InR1-PI(3)K-Akt pathway: suppression of InR2 results in development of the long-winged morph. The brain-secreted ligand Ilp3 triggers development of long-winged morphs. Our findings provide the first evidence of a molecular basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in insects, and they are also the first demonstration--to our knowledge--of binary control over alternative developmental outcomes, and thus deepen our understanding of the development and evolution of phenotypic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Hai-Jun -- Xue, Jian -- Lu, Bo -- Zhang, Xue-Chao -- Zhuo, Ji-Chong -- He, Shu-Fang -- Ma, Xiao-Fang -- Jiang, Ya-Qin -- Fan, Hai-Wei -- Xu, Ji-Yu -- Ye, Yu-Xuan -- Pan, Peng-Lu -- Li, Qiao -- Bao, Yan-Yuan -- Nijhout, H Frederik -- Zhang, Chuan-Xi -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):464-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14286. Epub 2015 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/deficiency/metabolism ; Hemiptera/*anatomy & histology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/deficiency/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/enzymology/*growth & development/*metabolism
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: Stem cells integrate inputs from multiple sources. Stem cell niches provide signals that promote stem cell maintenance, while differentiated daughter cells are known to provide feedback signals to regulate stem cell replication and differentiation. Recently, stem cells have been shown to regulate themselves using an autocrine mechanism. The existence of a 'stem cell niche' was first postulated by Schofield in 1978 to define local environments necessary for the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells. Since then, an increasing body of work has focused on defining stem cell niches. Yet little is known about how progenitor cell and differentiated cell numbers and proportions are maintained. In the airway epithelium, basal cells function as stem/progenitor cells that can both self-renew and produce differentiated secretory cells and ciliated cells. Secretory cells also act as transit-amplifying cells that eventually differentiate into post-mitotic ciliated cells . Here we describe a mode of cell regulation in which adult mammalian stem/progenitor cells relay a forward signal to their own progeny. Surprisingly, this forward signal is shown to be necessary for daughter cell maintenance. Using a combination of cell ablation, lineage tracing and signalling pathway modulation, we show that airway basal stem/progenitor cells continuously supply a Notch ligand to their daughter secretory cells. Without these forward signals, the secretory progenitor cell pool fails to be maintained and secretory cells execute a terminal differentiation program and convert into ciliated cells. Thus, a parent stem/progenitor cell can serve as a functional daughter cell niche.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521991/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521991/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pardo-Saganta, Ana -- Tata, Purushothama Rao -- Law, Brandon M -- Saez, Borja -- Chow, Ryan Dz-Wei -- Prabhu, Mythili -- Gridley, Thomas -- Rajagopal, Jayaraj -- 5P30HL101287-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL118185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL118185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):597-601. doi: 10.1038/nature14553. Epub 2015 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [3] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cilia/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptor, Notch2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism/secretion ; Trachea/cytology
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils provide immune protection against pathogens, but may also promote tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophils are generally considered to be a relatively homogeneous population, evidence for heterogeneity is emerging. Under steady-state conditions, neutrophil heterogeneity may arise from ageing and replenishment by newly released neutrophils from the bone marrow. Aged neutrophils upregulate CXCR4, a receptor allowing their clearance in the bone marrow, with feedback inhibition of neutrophil production via the IL-17/G-CSF axis, and rhythmic modulation of the haematopoietic stem-cell niche. The aged subset also expresses low levels of L-selectin. Previous studies have suggested that in vitro-aged neutrophils exhibit impaired migration and reduced pro-inflammatory properties. Here, using in vivo ageing analyses in mice, we show that neutrophil pro-inflammatory activity correlates positively with their ageing whilst in circulation. Aged neutrophils represent an overly active subset exhibiting enhanced alphaMbeta2 integrin activation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation under inflammatory conditions. Neutrophil ageing is driven by the microbiota via Toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation factor 88-mediated signalling pathways. Depletion of the microbiota significantly reduces the number of circulating aged neutrophils and dramatically improves the pathogenesis and inflammation-related organ damage in models of sickle-cell disease or endotoxin-induced septic shock. These results identify a role for the microbiota in regulating a disease-promoting neutrophil subset.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712631/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712631/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Dachuan -- Chen, Grace -- Manwani, Deepa -- Mortha, Arthur -- Xu, Chunliang -- Faith, Jeremiah J -- Burk, Robert D -- Kunisaki, Yuya -- Jang, Jung-Eun -- Scheiermann, Christoph -- Merad, Miriam -- Frenette, Paul S -- R01 CA154947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA173861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA190400/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK056638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069438/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL116340/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):528-32. doi: 10.1038/nature15367. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. ; Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; The Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; The Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26374999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/blood/microbiology/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocytes, Abnormal/pathology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Macrophage-1 Antigen/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*cytology/*immunology ; Shock, Septic/immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: Cell-to-cell variation is a universal feature of life that affects a wide range of biological phenomena, from developmental plasticity to tumour heterogeneity. Although recent advances have improved our ability to document cellular phenotypic variation, the fundamental mechanisms that generate variability from identical DNA sequences remain elusive. Here we reveal the landscape and principles of mammalian DNA regulatory variation by developing a robust method for mapping the accessible genome of individual cells by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) integrated into a programmable microfluidics platform. Single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) maps from hundreds of single cells in aggregate closely resemble accessibility profiles from tens of millions of cells and provide insights into cell-to-cell variation. Accessibility variance is systematically associated with specific trans-factors and cis-elements, and we discover combinations of trans-factors associated with either induction or suppression of cell-to-cell variability. We further identify sets of trans-factors associated with cell-type-specific accessibility variance across eight cell types. Targeted perturbations of cell cycle or transcription factor signalling evoke stimulus-specific changes in this observed variability. The pattern of accessibility variation in cis across the genome recapitulates chromosome compartments de novo, linking single-cell accessibility variation to three-dimensional genome organization. Single-cell analysis of DNA accessibility provides new insight into cellular variation of the 'regulome'.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685948/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685948/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buenrostro, Jason D -- Wu, Beijing -- Litzenburger, Ulrike M -- Ruff, Dave -- Gonzales, Michael L -- Snyder, Michael P -- Chang, Howard Y -- Greenleaf, William J -- 5U54HG00455805/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG007735/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50HG007735/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI057266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UH2 AR067676/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 23;523(7561):486-90. doi: 10.1038/nature14590. Epub 2015 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Program in Epithelial Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Program in Epithelial Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cells/classification/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*genetics/*metabolism ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Epigenomics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Microfluidics ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis/*methods ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transposases/metabolism
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2015-06-23
    Description: Although the adult mammalian heart is incapable of meaningful functional recovery following substantial cardiomyocyte loss, it is now clear that modest cardiomyocyte turnover occurs in adult mouse and human hearts, mediated primarily by proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. However, fate mapping of these cycling cardiomyocytes has not been possible thus far owing to the lack of identifiable genetic markers. In several organs, stem or progenitor cells reside in relatively hypoxic microenvironments where the stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif-1alpha) subunit is critical for their maintenance and function. Here we report fate mapping of hypoxic cells and their progenies by generating a transgenic mouse expressing a chimaeric protein in which the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of Hif-1alpha is fused to the tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase. In mice bearing the creERT2-ODD transgene driven by either the ubiquitous CAG promoter or the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha myosin heavy chain promoter, we identify a rare population of hypoxic cardiomyocytes that display characteristics of proliferative neonatal cardiomyocytes, such as smaller size, mononucleation and lower oxidative DNA damage. Notably, these hypoxic cardiomyocytes contributed widely to new cardiomyocyte formation in the adult heart. These results indicate that hypoxia signalling is an important hallmark of cycling cardiomyocytes, and suggest that hypoxia fate mapping can be a powerful tool for identifying cycling cells in adult mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimura, Wataru -- Xiao, Feng -- Canseco, Diana C -- Muralidhar, Shalini -- Thet, SuWannee -- Zhang, Helen M -- Abderrahman, Yezan -- Chen, Rui -- Garcia, Joseph A -- Shelton, John M -- Richardson, James A -- Ashour, Abdelrahman M -- Asaithamby, Aroumougame -- Liang, Hanquan -- Xing, Chao -- Lu, Zhigang -- Zhang, Cheng Cheng -- Sadek, Hesham A -- I01 BX000446/BX/BLRD VA/ -- R01 HL108104/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 9;523(7559):226-30. doi: 10.1038/nature14582. Epub 2015 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, 4600 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Female ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2015-03-18
    Description: Vertebrates have a unique 3D body shape in which correct tissue and organ shape and alignment are essential for function. For example, vision requires the lens to be centred in the eye cup which must in turn be correctly positioned in the head. Tissue morphogenesis depends on force generation, force transmission through the tissue, and response of tissues and extracellular matrix to force. Although a century ago D'Arcy Thompson postulated that terrestrial animal body shapes are conditioned by gravity, there has been no animal model directly demonstrating how the aforementioned mechano-morphogenetic processes are coordinated to generate a body shape that withstands gravity. Here we report a unique medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) mutant, hirame (hir), which is sensitive to deformation by gravity. hir embryos display a markedly flattened body caused by mutation of YAP, a nuclear executor of Hippo signalling that regulates organ size. We show that actomyosin-mediated tissue tension is reduced in hir embryos, leading to tissue flattening and tissue misalignment, both of which contribute to body flattening. By analysing YAP function in 3D spheroids of human cells, we identify the Rho GTPase activating protein ARHGAP18 as an effector of YAP in controlling tissue tension. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognised function of YAP in regulating tissue shape and alignment required for proper 3D body shape. Understanding this morphogenetic function of YAP could facilitate the use of embryonic stem cells to generate complex organs requiring correct alignment of multiple tissues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720436/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720436/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porazinski, Sean -- Wang, Huijia -- Asaoka, Yoichi -- Behrndt, Martin -- Miyamoto, Tatsuo -- Morita, Hitoshi -- Hata, Shoji -- Sasaki, Takashi -- Krens, S F Gabriel -- Osada, Yumi -- Asaka, Satoshi -- Momoi, Akihiro -- Linton, Sarah -- Miesfeld, Joel B -- Link, Brian A -- Senga, Takeshi -- Castillo-Morales, Atahualpa -- Urrutia, Araxi O -- Shimizu, Nobuyoshi -- Nagase, Hideaki -- Matsuura, Shinya -- Bagby, Stefan -- Kondoh, Hisato -- Nishina, Hiroshi -- Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp -- Furutani-Seiki, Makoto -- P30 EY001931/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014167/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY016060/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY014167/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):217-21. doi: 10.1038/nature14215. Epub 2015 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. ; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. ; IST Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. ; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. ; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto 606-8305, Japan. ; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. ; Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. ; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK. ; 1] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto 606-8305, Japan [2] Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [3] Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan. ; 1] Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto 606-8305, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actomyosin/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Size/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/anatomy & histology/embryology/metabolism ; Fish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Morphogenesis/*genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Organ Size/genetics ; Oryzias/*anatomy & histology/*embryology/genetics ; Phenotype ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spheroids, Cellular/cytology/metabolism
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: Abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, caused in part by increased de novo lipogenesis, results in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), an important transcriptional regulator of lipogenesis, is synthesized as an inactive precursor that binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In response to insulin signalling, SREBP1 is transported from the ER to the Golgi in a COPII-dependent manner, processed by proteases in the Golgi, and then shuttled to the nucleus to induce lipogenic gene expression; however, the mechanisms underlying enhanced SREBP1 activity in insulin-resistant obesity and diabetes remain unclear. Here we show in mice that CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) functions as a mediator of mTOR signalling to modulate COPII-dependent SREBP1 processing. CRTC2 competes with Sec23A, a subunit of the COPII complex, to interact with Sec31A, another COPII subunit, thus disrupting SREBP1 transport. During feeding, mTOR phosphorylates CRTC2 and attenuates its inhibitory effect on COPII-dependent SREBP1 maturation. As hepatic overexpression of an mTOR-defective CRTC2 mutant in obese mice improved the lipogenic program and insulin sensitivity, these results demonstrate how the transcriptional coactivator CRTC2 regulates mTOR-mediated lipid homeostasis in the fed state and in obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Jinbo -- Li, Erwei -- Chen, Liqun -- Zhang, Yuanyuan -- Wei, Fangchao -- Liu, Jieyuan -- Deng, Haiteng -- Wang, Yiguo -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):243-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14557. Epub 2015 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; COP-Coated Vesicles/chemistry/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Resistance ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/*metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Tissue homeostasis is achieved through a balance of cell production (growth) and elimination (regression). In contrast to tissue growth, the cells and molecular signals required for tissue regression remain unknown. To investigate physiological tissue regression, we use the mouse hair follicle, which cycles stereotypically between phases of growth and regression while maintaining a pool of stem cells to perpetuate tissue regeneration. Here we show by intravital microscopy in live mice that the regression phase eliminates the majority of the epithelial cells by two distinct mechanisms: terminal differentiation of suprabasal cells and a spatial gradient of apoptosis of basal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that basal epithelial cells collectively act as phagocytes to clear dying epithelial neighbours. Through cellular and genetic ablation we show that epithelial cell death is extrinsically induced through transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activation and mesenchymal crosstalk. Strikingly, our data show that regression acts to reduce the stem cell pool, as inhibition of regression results in excess basal epithelial cells with regenerative abilities. This study identifies the cellular behaviours and molecular mechanisms of regression that counterbalance growth to maintain tissue homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457634/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457634/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mesa, Kailin R -- Rompolas, Panteleimon -- Zito, Giovanni -- Myung, Peggy -- Sun, Thomas Y -- Brown, Samara -- Gonzalez, David G -- Blagoev, Krastan B -- Haberman, Ann M -- Greco, Valentina -- 1R01AR063663-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- 2P50CA121974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 P30 AR053495-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- 5T32 GM007223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR066790/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR053495/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR063663/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):94-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14306. Epub 2015 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, via Divisi 83, 90100 Palermo, Italy. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; 1] National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA [2] AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [2] Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [3] Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [4] Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25849774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Cell Death ; Dermis/cytology/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Hair Follicle/*cytology/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mice ; Phagocytes/cytology ; *Phagocytosis ; Regeneration ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Inactivation of the TNFAIP3 gene, encoding the A20 protein, is associated with critical inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. However, the role of A20 in attenuating inflammatory signalling is unclear owing to paradoxical in vitro and in vivo findings. Here we utilize genetically engineered mice bearing mutations in the A20 ovarian tumour (OTU)-type deubiquitinase domain or in the zinc finger-4 (ZnF4) ubiquitin-binding motif to investigate these discrepancies. We find that phosphorylation of A20 promotes cleavage of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains by the OTU domain and enhances ZnF4-mediated substrate ubiquitination. Additionally, levels of linear ubiquitination dictate whether A20-deficient cells die in response to tumour necrosis factor. Mechanistically, linear ubiquitin chains preserve the architecture of the TNFR1 signalling complex by blocking A20-mediated disassembly of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin scaffolds. Collectively, our studies reveal molecular mechanisms whereby A20 deubiquitinase activity and ubiquitin binding, linear ubiquitination, and cellular kinases cooperate to regulate inflammation and cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wertz, Ingrid E -- Newton, Kim -- Seshasayee, Dhaya -- Kusam, Saritha -- Lam, Cynthia -- Zhang, Juan -- Popovych, Nataliya -- Helgason, Elizabeth -- Schoeffler, Allyn -- Jeet, Surinder -- Ramamoorthi, Nandhini -- Kategaya, Lorna -- Newman, Robert J -- Horikawa, Keisuke -- Dugger, Debra -- Sandoval, Wendy -- Mukund, Susmith -- Zindal, Anuradha -- Martin, Flavius -- Quan, Clifford -- Tom, Jeffrey -- Fairbrother, Wayne J -- Townsend, Michael -- Warming, Soren -- DeVoss, Jason -- Liu, Jinfeng -- Dueber, Erin -- Caplazi, Patrick -- Lee, Wyne P -- Goodnow, Christopher C -- Balazs, Mercedesz -- Yu, Kebing -- Kolumam, Ganesh -- Dixit, Vishva M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):370-5. doi: 10.1038/nature16165. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ; Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Immunogenomics Laboratory, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Sydney, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Death ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Inflammation/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Polyubiquitin/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling has a key role in determining T-cell fate. Precursor cells expressing TCRs within a certain low-affinity range for complexes of self-peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) undergo positive selection and differentiate into naive T cells expressing a highly diverse self-MHC-restricted TCR repertoire. In contrast, precursors displaying TCRs with a high affinity for 'self' are either eliminated through TCR-agonist-induced apoptosis (negative selection) or restrained by regulatory T (Treg) cells, whose differentiation and function are controlled by the X-chromosome-encoded transcription factor Foxp3 (reviewed in ref. 2). Foxp3 is expressed in a fraction of self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in response to agonist-driven TCR signals combined with interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor signalling. In addition to Treg cells, TCR-agonist-driven selection results in the generation of several other specialized T-cell lineages such as natural killer T cells and innate mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Although the latter exhibit a restricted TCR repertoire, Treg cells display a highly diverse collection of TCRs. Here we explore in mice whether a specialized mechanism enables agonist-driven selection of Treg cells with a diverse TCR repertoire, and the importance this holds for self-tolerance. We show that the intronic Foxp3 enhancer conserved noncoding sequence 3 (CNS3) acts as an epigenetic switch that confers a poised state to the Foxp3 promoter in precursor cells to make Treg cell lineage commitment responsive to a broad range of TCR stimuli, particularly to suboptimal ones. CNS3-dependent expansion of the TCR repertoire enables Treg cells to control self-reactive T cells effectively, especially when thymic negative selection is genetically impaired. Our findings highlight the complementary roles of these two main mechanisms of self-tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Yongqiang -- van der Veeken, Joris -- Shugay, Mikhail -- Putintseva, Ekaterina V -- Osmanbeyoglu, Hatice U -- Dikiy, Stanislav -- Hoyos, Beatrice E -- Moltedo, Bruno -- Hemmers, Saskia -- Treuting, Piper -- Leslie, Christina S -- Chudakov, Dmitriy M -- Rudensky, Alexander Y -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI034206/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007893/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):132-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16141. Epub 2015 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. ; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia. ; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. ; Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26605529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Introns/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology/metabolism ; Self Tolerance/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/deficiency
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: Functional regeneration after nervous system injury requires transected axons to reconnect with their original target tissue. Axonal fusion, a spontaneous regenerative mechanism identified in several species, provides an efficient means of achieving target reconnection as a regrowing axon is able to contact and fuse with its own separated axon fragment, thereby re-establishing the original axonal tract. Here we report a molecular characterization of this process in Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing dynamic changes in the subcellular localization of the EFF-1 fusogen after axotomy, and establishing phosphatidylserine (PS) and the PS receptor (PSR-1) as critical components for axonal fusion. PSR-1 functions cell-autonomously in the regrowing neuron and, instead of acting in its canonical signalling pathway, acts in a parallel phagocytic pathway that includes the transthyretin protein TTR-52, as well as CED-7, NRF-5 and CED-6 (refs 9, 10, 11, 12). We show that TTR-52 binds to PS exposed on the injured axon, and can restore fusion several hours after injury. We propose that PS functions as a 'save-me' signal for the distal fragment, allowing conserved apoptotic cell clearance molecules to function in re-establishing axonal integrity during regeneration of the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumann, Brent -- Coakley, Sean -- Giordano-Santini, Rosina -- Linton, Casey -- Lee, Eui Seung -- Nakagawa, Akihisa -- Xue, Ding -- Hilliard, Massimo A -- GM059083/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM079097/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM088241/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS060129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):219-22. doi: 10.1038/nature14102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CJCADR, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia. ; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567286" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*physiology ; Axons/*metabolism/pathology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Regeneration/*physiology ; Phagocytes/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrin/genetics/metabolism
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: The elucidation of factors that activate the regeneration of the adult mammalian heart is of major scientific and therapeutic importance. Here we found that epicardial cells contain a potent cardiogenic activity identified as follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1). Epicardial Fstl1 declines following myocardial infarction and is replaced by myocardial expression. Myocardial Fstl1 does not promote regeneration, either basally or upon transgenic overexpression. Application of the human Fstl1 protein (FSTL1) via an epicardial patch stimulates cell cycle entry and division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes, improving cardiac function and survival in mouse and swine models of myocardial infarction. The data suggest that the loss of epicardial FSTL1 is a maladaptive response to injury, and that its restoration would be an effective way to reverse myocardial death and remodelling following myocardial infarction in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762253/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762253/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wei, Ke -- Serpooshan, Vahid -- Hurtado, Cecilia -- Diez-Cunado, Marta -- Zhao, Mingming -- Maruyama, Sonomi -- Zhu, Wenhong -- Fajardo, Giovanni -- Noseda, Michela -- Nakamura, Kazuto -- Tian, Xueying -- Liu, Qiaozhen -- Wang, Andrew -- Matsuura, Yuka -- Bushway, Paul -- Cai, Wenqing -- Savchenko, Alex -- Mahmoudi, Morteza -- Schneider, Michael D -- van den Hoff, Maurice J B -- Butte, Manish J -- Yang, Phillip C -- Walsh, Kenneth -- Zhou, Bin -- Bernstein, Daniel -- Mercola, Mark -- Ruiz-Lozano, Pilar -- 5UM1 HL113456/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL065484/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL108176/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL113601/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL116591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI079268/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098053/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR061303/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA030199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL086879/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL113601/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UM1 HL113456/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):479-85. doi: 10.1038/nature15372. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417613151 Tehran, Iran. ; Academic Medical Center. Dept Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology. Meibergdreef 15. 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Female ; Follistatin-Related Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Myoblasts, Cardiac/cytology/drug effects ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Pericardium/cytology/drug effects/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Rats ; *Regeneration/drug effects ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; Transgenes/genetics
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Protein aggregates and damaged organelles are tagged with ubiquitin chains to trigger selective autophagy. To initiate mitophagy, the ubiquitin kinase PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate the ubiquitin ligase parkin, which builds ubiquitin chains on mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, where they act to recruit autophagy receptors. Using genome editing to knockout five autophagy receptors in HeLa cells, here we show that two receptors previously linked to xenophagy, NDP52 and optineurin, are the primary receptors for PINK1- and parkin-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 recruits NDP52 and optineurin, but not p62, to mitochondria to activate mitophagy directly, independently of parkin. Once recruited to mitochondria, NDP52 and optineurin recruit the autophagy factors ULK1, DFCP1 and WIPI1 to focal spots proximal to mitochondria, revealing a function for these autophagy receptors upstream of LC3. This supports a new model in which PINK1-generated phospho-ubiquitin serves as the autophagy signal on mitochondria, and parkin then acts to amplify this signal. This work also suggests direct and broader roles for ubiquitin phosphorylation in other autophagy pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazarou, Michael -- Sliter, Danielle A -- Kane, Lesley A -- Sarraf, Shireen A -- Wang, Chunxin -- Burman, Jonathon L -- Sideris, Dionisia P -- Fogel, Adam I -- Youle, Richard J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):309-14. doi: 10.1038/nature14893. Epub 2015 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autophagy/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Degradation/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor TFIIIA/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) allosterically activate heterotrimeric G proteins and trigger GDP release. Given that there are approximately 800 human GPCRs and 16 different Galpha genes, this raises the question of whether a universal allosteric mechanism governs Galpha activation. Here we show that different GPCRs interact with and activate Galpha proteins through a highly conserved mechanism. Comparison of Galpha with the small G protein Ras reveals how the evolution of short segments that undergo disorder-to-order transitions can decouple regions important for allosteric activation from receptor binding specificity. This might explain how the GPCR-Galpha system diversified rapidly, while conserving the allosteric activation mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flock, Tilman -- Ravarani, Charles N J -- Sun, Dawei -- Venkatakrishnan, A J -- Kayikci, Melis -- Tate, Christopher G -- Veprintsev, Dmitry B -- Babu, M Madan -- MC_U105185859/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105197215/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):173-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14663. Epub 2015 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; 1] Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8039 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Enzyme Activation ; *Evolution, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; ras Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: The tumour microenvironment may contribute to tumorigenesis owing to mechanical forces such as fibrotic stiffness or mechanical pressure caused by the expansion of hyper-proliferative cells. Here we explore the contribution of the mechanical pressure exerted by tumour growth onto non-tumorous adjacent epithelium. In the early stage of mouse colon tumour development in the Notch(+)Apc(+/1638N) mouse model, we observed mechanistic pressure stress in the non-tumorous epithelial cells caused by hyper-proliferative adjacent crypts overexpressing active Notch, which is associated with increased Ret and beta-catenin signalling. We thus developed a method that allows the delivery of a defined mechanical pressure in vivo, by subcutaneously inserting a magnet close to the mouse colon. The implanted magnet generated a magnetic force on ultra-magnetic liposomes, stabilized in the mesenchymal cells of the connective tissue surrounding colonic crypts after intravenous injection. The magnetically induced pressure quantitatively mimicked the endogenous early tumour growth stress in the order of 1,200 Pa, without affecting tissue stiffness, as monitored by ultrasound strain imaging and shear wave elastography. The exertion of pressure mimicking that of tumour growth led to rapid Ret activation and downstream phosphorylation of beta-catenin on Tyr654, imparing its interaction with the E-cadherin in adherens junctions, and which was followed by beta-catenin nuclear translocation after 15 days. As a consequence, increased expression of beta-catenin-target genes was observed at 1 month, together with crypt enlargement accompanying the formation of early tumorous aberrant crypt foci. Mechanical activation of the tumorigenic beta-catenin pathway suggests unexplored modes of tumour propagation based on mechanical signalling pathways in healthy epithelial cells surrounding the tumour, which may contribute to tumour heterogeneity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez-Sanchez, Maria Elena -- Barbier, Sandrine -- Whitehead, Joanne -- Bealle, Gaelle -- Michel, Aude -- Latorre-Ossa, Heldmuth -- Rey, Colette -- Fouassier, Laura -- Claperon, Audrey -- Brulle, Laura -- Girard, Elodie -- Servant, Nicolas -- Rio-Frio, Thomas -- Marie, Helene -- Lesieur, Sylviane -- Housset, Chantal -- Gennisson, Jean-Luc -- Tanter, Mickael -- Menager, Christine -- Fre, Silvia -- Robine, Sylvie -- Farge, Emmanuel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):92-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14329. Epub 2015 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, Physicochimie Curie Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumour Development, INSERM, Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-75005 Paris, France. ; UPMC, Sorbonne Universites, Laboratoire PHENIX Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystemes Interfaciaux, CNRS UMR 8234, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Langevin Institut, Waves and Images ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, Inserm U979. F-75005 Paris, France. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC and INSERM, UMR-S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France. ; CNRS UMR3666/INSERM U1143, Endocytic Trafficking and Therapeutic Delivery, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Bioinformatic platform, U900, Institut Curie, MINES ParisTech, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Next-generation sequencing platform, Institut Curie, F-75005 Paris, France. ; CNRS UMR 8612, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Systemes Polyphases, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite Paris-Sud, 92 296 Chatenay-Malabry, France. ; CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Unite de Genetique et Biologie du Developpement, Notch Signaling in Stem Cells and Tumors, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, F-75005 Paris, France. ; CNRS UMR144, Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires, Morphogenesis and Cell Signalling Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, F-75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/*pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Magnets ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; *Pressure ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; beta Catenin/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2015-11-10
    Description: Drosophila Decapentaplegic (Dpp) has served as a paradigm to study morphogen-dependent growth control. However, the role of a Dpp gradient in tissue growth remains highly controversial. Two fundamentally different models have been proposed: the 'temporal rule' model suggests that all cells of the wing imaginal disc divide upon a 50% increase in Dpp signalling, whereas the 'growth equalization model' suggests that Dpp is only essential for proliferation control of the central cells. Here, to discriminate between these two models, we generated and used morphotrap, a membrane-tethered anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) nanobody, which enables immobilization of enhanced (e)GFP::Dpp on the cell surface, thereby abolishing Dpp gradient formation. We find that in the absence of Dpp spreading, wing disc patterning is lost; however, lateral cells still divide at normal rates. These data are consistent with the growth equalization model, but do not fit a global temporal rule model in the wing imaginal disc.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmansa, Stefan -- Hamaratoglu, Fisun -- Affolter, Markus -- Caussinus, Emmanuel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):317-22. doi: 10.1038/nature15712. Epub 2015 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Growth &Development, Biozentrum, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. ; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning/*physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Male ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wings, Animal/cytology/*growth & development/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Protein phosphorylation regulates virtually all biological processes. Although protein kinases are popular drug targets, targeting protein phosphatases remains a challenge. Here, we describe Sephin1 (selective inhibitor of a holophosphatase), a small molecule that safely and selectively inhibited a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in vivo. Sephin1 selectively bound and inhibited the stress-induced PPP1R15A, but not the related and constitutive PPP1R15B, to prolong the benefit of an adaptive phospho-signaling pathway, protecting cells from otherwise lethal protein misfolding stress. In vivo, Sephin1 safely prevented the motor, morphological, and molecular defects of two otherwise unrelated protein-misfolding diseases in mice, Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property exploited here to safely prevent two protein misfolding diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Das, Indrajit -- Krzyzosiak, Agnieszka -- Schneider, Kim -- Wrabetz, Lawrence -- D'Antonio, Maurizio -- Barry, Nicholas -- Sigurdardottir, Anna -- Bertolotti, Anne -- 309516/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01-NS55256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. aberto@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Guanabenz/*analogs & derivatives/chemical ; synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Proteostasis Deficiencies/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Plasma membrane depolarization can trigger cell proliferation, but how membrane potential influences mitogenic signaling is uncertain. Here, we show that plasma membrane depolarization induces nanoscale reorganization of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate but not other anionic phospholipids. K-Ras, which is targeted to the plasma membrane by electrostatic interactions with phosphatidylserine, in turn undergoes enhanced nanoclustering. Depolarization-induced changes in phosphatidylserine and K-Ras plasma membrane organization occur in fibroblasts, excitable neuroblastoma cells, and Drosophila neurons in vivo and robustly amplify K-Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Conversely, plasma membrane repolarization disrupts K-Ras nanoclustering and inhibits MAPK signaling. By responding to voltage-induced changes in phosphatidylserine spatiotemporal dynamics, K-Ras nanoclusters set up the plasma membrane as a biological field-effect transistor, allowing membrane potential to control the gain in mitogenic signaling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687752/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687752/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yong -- Wong, Ching-On -- Cho, Kwang-jin -- van der Hoeven, Dharini -- Liang, Hong -- Thakur, Dhananiay P -- Luo, Jialie -- Babic, Milos -- Zinsmaier, Konrad E -- Zhu, Michael X -- Hu, Hongzhen -- Venkatachalam, Kartik -- Hancock, John F -- R01 NS081301/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS081301/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):873-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA. john.f.hancock@uth.tmc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fibroblasts ; *Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Prostate cancer is initially responsive to androgen deprivation, but the effectiveness of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors in recurrent disease is variable. Biopsy of bone metastases is challenging; hence, sampling circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may reveal drug-resistance mechanisms. We established single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of 77 intact CTCs isolated from 13 patients (mean six CTCs per patient), by using microfluidic enrichment. Single CTCs from each individual display considerable heterogeneity, including expression of AR gene mutations and splicing variants. Retrospective analysis of CTCs from patients progressing under treatment with an AR inhibitor, compared with untreated cases, indicates activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling (P = 0.0064). Ectopic expression of Wnt5a in prostate cancer cells attenuates the antiproliferative effect of AR inhibition, whereas its suppression in drug-resistant cells restores partial sensitivity, a correlation also evident in an established mouse model. Thus, single-cell analysis of prostate CTCs reveals heterogeneity in signaling pathways that could contribute to treatment failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, David T -- Zheng, Yu -- Wittner, Ben S -- Lee, Richard J -- Zhu, Huili -- Broderick, Katherine T -- Desai, Rushil -- Fox, Douglas B -- Brannigan, Brian W -- Trautwein, Julie -- Arora, Kshitij S -- Desai, Niyati -- Dahl, Douglas M -- Sequist, Lecia V -- Smith, Matthew R -- Kapur, Ravi -- Wu, Chin-Lee -- Shioda, Toshi -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- Ting, David T -- Toner, Mehmet -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- 2R01CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EB008047/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1351-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Prostate/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Receptors, Androgen/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Transcriptome ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay diverse extracellular signals into cells by catalyzing nucleotide release from heterotrimeric G proteins, but the mechanism underlying this quintessential molecular signaling event has remained unclear. Here we use atomic-level simulations to elucidate the nucleotide-release mechanism. We find that the G protein alpha subunit Ras and helical domains-previously observed to separate widely upon receptor binding to expose the nucleotide-binding site-separate spontaneously and frequently even in the absence of a receptor. Domain separation is necessary but not sufficient for rapid nucleotide release. Rather, receptors catalyze nucleotide release by favoring an internal structural rearrangement of the Ras domain that weakens its nucleotide affinity. We use double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy and protein engineering to confirm predictions of our computationally determined mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dror, Ron O -- Mildorf, Thomas J -- Hilger, Daniel -- Manglik, Aashish -- Borhani, David W -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Philippsen, Ansgar -- Villanueva, Nicolas -- Yang, Zhongyu -- Lerch, Michael T -- Hubbell, Wayne L -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Sunahara, Roger K -- Shaw, David E -- P30EY00331/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY05216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083118/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008294/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1361-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. ron.dror@deshawresearch.com david.shaw@deshawresearch.com. ; D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ; D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ron.dror@deshawresearch.com david.shaw@deshawresearch.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/*chemistry ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/*chemistry ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*chemistry ; Humans ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*chemistry ; Signal Transduction
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Elucidating the signaling mechanism of strigolactones has been the key to controlling the devastating problem caused by the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. To overcome the genetic intractability that has previously interfered with identification of the strigolactone receptor, we developed a fluorescence turn-on probe, Yoshimulactone Green (YLG), which activates strigolactone signaling and illuminates signal perception by the strigolactone receptors. Here we describe how strigolactones bind to and act via ShHTLs, the diverged family of alpha/beta hydrolase-fold proteins in Striga. Live imaging using YLGs revealed that a dynamic wavelike propagation of strigolactone perception wakes up Striga seeds. We conclude that ShHTLs function as the strigolactone receptors mediating seed germination in Striga. Our findings enable access to strigolactone receptors and observation of the regulatory dynamics for strigolactone signal transduction in Striga.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchiya, Yuichiro -- Yoshimura, Masahiko -- Sato, Yoshikatsu -- Kuwata, Keiko -- Toh, Shigeo -- Holbrook-Smith, Duncan -- Zhang, Hua -- McCourt, Peter -- Itami, Kenichiro -- Kinoshita, Toshinori -- Hagihara, Shinya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):864-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. yuichiro@itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp hagi@itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp. ; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. ; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. ; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. ; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency-Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. ; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. yuichiro@itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp hagi@itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fluoresceins/chemistry/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry/metabolism ; *Germination ; Hydrolases/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Seeds/*growth & development/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Striga/*growth & development/metabolism
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: The mechanistic basis of eukaryotic circadian oscillators in model systems as diverse as Neurospora, Drosophila, and mammalian cells is thought to be a transcription-and-translation-based negative feedback loop, wherein progressive and controlled phosphorylation of one or more negative elements ultimately elicits their own proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby releasing negative feedback and determining circadian period length. The Neurospora crassa circadian negative element FREQUENCY (FRQ) exemplifies such proteins; it is progressively phosphorylated at more than 100 sites, and strains bearing alleles of frq with anomalous phosphorylation display abnormal stability of FRQ that is well correlated with altered periods or apparent arrhythmicity. Unexpectedly, we unveiled normal circadian oscillations that reflect the allelic state of frq but that persist in the absence of typical degradation of FRQ. This manifest uncoupling of negative element turnover from circadian period length determination is not consistent with the consensus eukaryotic circadian model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larrondo, Luis F -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Baker, Christopher L -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Dunlap, Jay C -- P01 GM68087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):1257277. doi: 10.1126/science.1257277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Alleles ; *Circadian Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Half-Life ; Neurospora crassa/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; Signal Transduction
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Ebola virus causes sporadic outbreaks of lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans, but there is no currently approved therapy. Cells take up Ebola virus by macropinocytosis, followed by trafficking through endosomal vesicles. However, few factors controlling endosomal virus movement are known. Here we find that Ebola virus entry into host cells requires the endosomal calcium channels called two-pore channels (TPCs). Disrupting TPC function by gene knockout, small interfering RNAs, or small-molecule inhibitors halted virus trafficking and prevented infection. Tetrandrine, the most potent small molecule that we tested, inhibited infection of human macrophages, the primary target of Ebola virus in vivo, and also showed therapeutic efficacy in mice. Therefore, TPC proteins play a key role in Ebola virus infection and may be effective targets for antiviral therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakurai, Yasuteru -- Kolokoltsov, Andrey A -- Chen, Cheng-Chang -- Tidwell, Michael W -- Bauta, William E -- Klugbauer, Norbert -- Grimm, Christian -- Wahl-Schott, Christian -- Biel, Martin -- Davey, Robert A -- R01 AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):995-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. ; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. ; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. rdavey@txbiomed.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; BALB 3T3 Cells ; Benzylisoquinolines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*physiology ; Ebolavirus/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy/*therapy/virology ; Humans ; Macrophages/drug effects/virology ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; NADP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Verapamil/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Virus Internalization/*drug effects
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Human mutations that truncate the massive sarcomere protein titin [TTN-truncating variants (TTNtvs)] are the most common genetic cause for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure and premature death. Here we show that cardiac microtissues engineered from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a powerful system for evaluating the pathogenicity of titin gene variants. We found that certain missense mutations, like TTNtvs, diminish contractile performance and are pathogenic. By combining functional analyses with RNA sequencing, we explain why truncations in the A-band domain of TTN cause DCM, whereas truncations in the I band are better tolerated. Finally, we demonstrate that mutant titin protein in iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes results in sarcomere insufficiency, impaired responses to mechanical and beta-adrenergic stress, and attenuated growth factor and cell signaling activation. Our findings indicate that titin mutations cause DCM by disrupting critical linkages between sarcomerogenesis and adaptive remodeling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinson, John T -- Chopra, Anant -- Nafissi, Navid -- Polacheck, William J -- Benson, Craig C -- Swist, Sandra -- Gorham, Joshua -- Yang, Luhan -- Schafer, Sebastian -- Sheng, Calvin C -- Haghighi, Alireza -- Homsy, Jason -- Hubner, Norbert -- Church, George -- Cook, Stuart A -- Linke, Wolfgang A -- Chen, Christopher S -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, Christine E -- EB017103/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL007374/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL115553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL125807/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL125807/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):982-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jthinson@partners.org cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, MA 3/56 D-44780, Bochum, Germany. ; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease at Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart Centre and Duke-National University, Singapore, Singapore. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. jthinson@partners.org cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Connectin/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcomeres/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Cell division progresses to anaphase only after all chromosomes are connected to spindle microtubules through kinetochores and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is satisfied. We show that the amino-terminal localization module of the SAC protein kinase MPS1 (monopolar spindle 1) directly interacts with the HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) calponin homology domain in the NDC80 (nuclear division cycle 80) kinetochore complex in vitro, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Microtubule polymers disrupted this interaction. In cells, MPS1 binding to kinetochores or to ectopic NDC80 complexes was prevented by end-on microtubule attachment, independent of known kinetochore protein-removal mechanisms. Competition for kinetochore binding between SAC proteins and microtubules provides a direct and perhaps evolutionarily conserved way to detect a properly organized spindle ready for cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiruma, Yoshitaka -- Sacristan, Carlos -- Pachis, Spyridon T -- Adamopoulos, Athanassios -- Kuijt, Timo -- Ubbink, Marcellus -- von Castelmur, Eleonore -- Perrakis, Anastassis -- Kops, Geert J P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4055. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: Body-size constancy and symmetry are signs of developmental stability. Yet, it is unclear exactly how developing animals buffer size variation. Drosophila insulin-like peptide Dilp8 is responsive to growth perturbations and controls homeostatic mechanisms that coordinately adjust growth and maturation to maintain size within the normal range. Here we show that Lgr3 is a Dilp8 receptor. Through the use of functional and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate assays, we defined a pair of Lgr3 neurons that mediate homeostatic regulation. These neurons have extensive axonal arborizations, and genetic and green fluorescent protein reconstitution across synaptic partners show that these neurons connect with the insulin-producing cells and prothoracicotropic hormone-producing neurons to attenuate growth and maturation. This previously unrecognized circuit suggests how growth and maturation rate are matched and co-regulated according to Dilp8 signals to stabilize organismal size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vallejo, Diana M -- Juarez-Carreno, Sergio -- Bolivar, Jorge -- Morante, Javier -- Dominguez, Maria -- OD010949-10/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P40OD018537/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM084947/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):aac6767. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6767. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain. ; Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnologia y Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cadiz, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain. ; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado 18, 03550 Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain. m.dominguez@umh.es j.morante@umh.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Size ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*growth & development/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insect Hormones/genetics/metabolism ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Nerve Net/cytology/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/metabolism
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) increases life span and health span in nematodes through an unknown mechanism. We report that neuronal stabilization of HIF-1 mediates these effects in Caenorhabditis elegans through a cell nonautonomous signal to the intestine, which results in activation of the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase-2 (FMO-2). This prolongevity signal requires the serotonin biosynthetic enzyme TPH-1 in neurons and the serotonin receptor SER-7 in the intestine. Intestinal FMO-2 is also activated by dietary restriction (DR) and is necessary for DR-mediated life-span extension, which suggests that this enzyme represents a point of convergence for two distinct longevity pathways. FMOs are conserved in eukaryotes and induced by multiple life span-extending interventions in mice, which suggests that these enzymes may play a critical role in promoting health and longevity across phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leiser, Scott F -- Miller, Hillary -- Rossner, Ryan -- Fletcher, Marissa -- Leonard, Alison -- Primitivo, Melissa -- Rintala, Nicholas -- Ramos, Fresnida J -- Miller, Dana L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AGA0033050/PHS HHS/ -- R01AG038518/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32AG000057/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9257. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Diet ; Intestines/*enzymology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oxygenases/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Stability ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Description: Lysosomes are crucial cellular organelles for human health that function in digestion and recycling of extracellular and intracellular macromolecules. We describe a signaling role for lysosomes that affects aging. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the lysosomal acid lipase LIPL-4 triggered nuclear translocalization of a lysosomal lipid chaperone LBP-8, which promoted longevity by activating the nuclear hormone receptors NHR-49 and NHR-80. We used high-throughput metabolomic analysis to identify several lipids in which abundance was increased in worms constitutively overexpressing LIPL-4. Among them, oleoylethanolamide directly bound to LBP-8 and NHR-80 proteins, activated transcription of target genes of NHR-49 and NHR-80, and promoted longevity in C. elegans. These findings reveal a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway that promotes longevity and suggest a function of lysosomes as signaling organelles in metazoans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425353/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425353/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folick, Andrew -- Oakley, Holly D -- Yu, Yong -- Armstrong, Eric H -- Kumari, Manju -- Sanor, Lucas -- Moore, David D -- Ortlund, Eric A -- Zechner, Rudolf -- Wang, Meng C -- F30 AG046043/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F30AG046043/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00 AG034988/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AG034988/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG045183/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK095750/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AG045183/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01DK095750/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008602/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008602/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HD055200/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):83-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1258857.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Discovery and Developmental Therapeutics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, A-8010, Austria. ; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. wmeng@bcm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Lipase/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: A challenge of synthetic biology is the creation of cooperative microbial systems that exhibit population-level behaviors. Such systems use cellular signaling mechanisms to regulate gene expression across multiple cell types. We describe the construction of a synthetic microbial consortium consisting of two distinct cell types-an "activator" strain and a "repressor" strain. These strains produced two orthogonal cell-signaling molecules that regulate gene expression within a synthetic circuit spanning both strains. The two strains generated emergent, population-level oscillations only when cultured together. Certain network topologies of the two-strain circuit were better at maintaining robust oscillations than others. The ability to program population-level dynamics through the genetic engineering of multiple cooperative strains points the way toward engineering complex synthetic tissues and organs with multiple cell types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597888/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597888/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Ye -- Kim, Jae Kyoung -- Hirning, Andrew J -- Josic, Kresimir -- Bennett, Matthew R -- R01 GM104974/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM104974/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):986-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. ; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. ; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. matthew.bennett@rice.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/*physiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genetic Engineering ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Microbial Consortia/*genetics/*physiology ; Microbial Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Quorum Sensing ; Signal Transduction ; Synthetic Biology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase is a master growth regulator that responds to multiple environmental cues. Amino acids stimulate, in a Rag-, Ragulator-, and vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase-dependent fashion, the translocation of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, where it interacts with its activator Rheb. Here, we identify SLC38A9, an uncharacterized protein with sequence similarity to amino acid transporters, as a lysosomal transmembrane protein that interacts with the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and Ragulator in an amino acid-sensitive fashion. SLC38A9 transports arginine with a high Michaelis constant, and loss of SLC38A9 represses mTORC1 activation by amino acids, particularly arginine. Overexpression of SLC38A9 or just its Ragulator-binding domain makes mTORC1 signaling insensitive to amino acid starvation but not to Rag activity. Thus, SLC38A9 functions upstream of the Rag GTPases and is an excellent candidate for being an arginine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Shuyu -- Tsun, Zhi-Yang -- Wolfson, Rachel L -- Shen, Kuang -- Wyant, Gregory A -- Plovanich, Molly E -- Yuan, Elizabeth D -- Jones, Tony D -- Chantranupong, Lynne -- Comb, William -- Wang, Tim -- Bar-Peled, Liron -- Zoncu, Roberto -- Straub, Christoph -- Kim, Choah -- Park, Jiwon -- Sabatini, Bernardo L -- Sabatini, David M -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F30 CA180754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG044064/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA180271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007287/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):188-94. doi: 10.1126/science.1257132. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. sabatini@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Arginine/deficiency/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lysosomes/*enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Secretion of the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) by macrophages, a major driver of pathogenesis in atherosclerosis, requires two steps: Priming signals promote transcription of immature IL-1beta, and then endogenous "danger" signals activate innate immune signaling complexes called inflammasomes to process IL-1beta for secretion. Although cholesterol crystals are known to act as danger signals in atherosclerosis, what primes IL-1beta transcription remains elusive. Using a murine model of atherosclerosis, we found that cholesterol crystals acted both as priming and danger signals for IL-1beta production. Cholesterol crystals triggered neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs primed macrophages for cytokine release, activating T helper 17 (TH17) cells that amplify immune cell recruitment in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, danger signals may drive sterile inflammation, such as that seen in atherosclerosis, through their interactions with neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warnatsch, Annika -- Ioannou, Marianna -- Wang, Qian -- Papayannopoulos, Venizelos -- MC_UP_1202/13/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):316-20. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8064. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mill Hill Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, UK. ; Mill Hill Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, UK. veni.p@crick.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/chemistry/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Traps/*immunology ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-1beta/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neutrophils/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):129. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6244.129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/chemistry/metabolism ; Collagen/metabolism ; Copper/*metabolism ; Humans ; Melanoma/drug therapy/pathology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Diseases/drug therapy/pathology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: Rgs2, a regulator of G proteins, lowers blood pressure by decreasing signaling through Galphaq. Human patients expressing Met-Leu-Rgs2 (ML-Rgs2) or Met-Arg-Rgs2 (MR-Rgs2) are hypertensive relative to people expressing wild-type Met-Gln-Rgs2 (MQ-Rgs2). We found that wild-type MQ-Rgs2 and its mutant, MR-Rgs2, were destroyed by the Ac/N-end rule pathway, which recognizes N(alpha)-terminally acetylated (Nt-acetylated) proteins. The shortest-lived mutant, ML-Rgs2, was targeted by both the Ac/N-end rule and Arg/N-end rule pathways. The latter pathway recognizes unacetylated N-terminal residues. Thus, the Nt-acetylated Ac-MX-Rgs2 (X = Arg, Gln, Leu) proteins are specific substrates of the mammalian Ac/N-end rule pathway. Furthermore, the Ac/N-degron of Ac-MQ-Rgs2 was conditional, and Teb4, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-embedded ubiquitin ligase, was able to regulate G protein signaling by targeting Ac-MX-Rgs2 proteins for degradation through their N(alpha)-terminal acetyl group.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Sang-Eun -- Kim, Jeong-Mok -- Seok, Ok-Hee -- Cho, Hanna -- Wadas, Brandon -- Kim, Seon-Young -- Varshavsky, Alexander -- Hwang, Cheol-Sang -- DK039520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM031530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1249-52. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3844.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea. ; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea. Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea. ; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. cshwang@postech.ac.kr avarsh@caltech.edu. ; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea. cshwang@postech.ac.kr avarsh@caltech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Navigation depends on multiple neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment changes in an animal's direction and location in space. These include head direction (HD) cells representing the orientation of the head and grid cells that fire at multiple locations, forming a repeating hexagonal grid pattern. Computational models hypothesize that generation of the grid cell signal relies upon HD information that ascends to the hippocampal network via the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN). We inactivated or lesioned the ATN and subsequently recorded single units in the entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum. ATN manipulation significantly disrupted grid and HD cell characteristics while sparing theta rhythmicity in these regions. These results indicate that the HD signal via the ATN is necessary for the generation and function of grid cell activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476794/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476794/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, Shawn S -- Clark, Benjamin J -- Taube, Jeffrey S -- NS053907/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH048924/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS053907/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):870-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1259591. Epub 2015 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jeffrey.taube@dartmouth.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Head ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Signal Transduction ; Spatial Navigation/*physiology ; Theta Rhythm
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: In healthy individuals, the intestinal microbiota cannot access the liver, spleen, or other peripheral tissues. Some pathogenic bacteria can reach these sites, however, and can induce a systemic immune response. How such compartmentalization is achieved is unknown. We identify a gut-vascular barrier (GVB) in mice and humans that controls the translocation of antigens into the blood stream and prohibits entry of the microbiota. Salmonella typhimurium can penetrate the GVB in a manner dependent on its pathogenicity island (Spi) 2-encoded type III secretion system and on decreased beta-catenin-dependent signaling in gut endothelial cells. The GVB is modified in celiac disease patients with elevated serum transaminases, which indicates that GVB dismantling may be responsible for liver damage in these patients. Understanding the GVB may provide new insights into the regulation of the gut-liver axis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spadoni, Ilaria -- Zagato, Elena -- Bertocchi, Alice -- Paolinelli, Roberta -- Hot, Edina -- Di Sabatino, Antonio -- Caprioli, Flavio -- Bottiglieri, Luca -- Oldani, Amanda -- Viale, Giuseppe -- Penna, Giuseppe -- Dejana, Elisabetta -- Rescigno, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ; The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy. ; First Department of Medicine, St. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. ; Unita Operativa Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. ; The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy. Department of Biosciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy. Department of Genetics, Immunology and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Biosciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy. maria.rescigno@ieo.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/blood/immunology ; Capillary Permeability/*immunology ; Celiac Disease/blood/immunology/microbiology ; Genomic Islands/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Ileum/blood supply/immunology/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/blood supply/*immunology/*microbiology ; Liver/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Salmonella Infections/*immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology ; Transaminases/blood ; Type III Secretion Systems/genetics/immunology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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  • 67
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jeremiah Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):47. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jeremiah.cohen@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurophysiology/trends ; *Reward ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*cytology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: Astrocytes are important regulatory elements in brain function. They respond to neurotransmitters and release gliotransmitters that modulate synaptic transmission. However, the cell- and synapse-specificity of the functional relationship between astrocytes and neurons in certain brain circuits remains unknown. In the dorsal striatum, which mainly comprises two intermingled subtypes (striatonigral and striatopallidal) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and synapses belonging to two neural circuits (the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia), subpopulations of astrocytes selectively responded to specific MSN subtype activity. These subpopulations of astrocytes released glutamate that selectively activated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in homotypic, but not heterotypic, MSNs. Likewise, astrocyte subpopulations selectively regulated homotypic synapses through metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Therefore, bidirectional astrocyte-neuron signaling selectively occurs between specific subpopulations of astrocytes, neurons, and synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, R -- Bajo-Graneras, R -- Moratalla, R -- Perea, G -- Araque, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):730-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28002 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28002 Madrid, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. araque@umn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Basal Ganglia/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Dying cells initiate adaptive immunity by providing both antigens and inflammatory stimuli for dendritic cells, which in turn activate CD8(+) T cells through a process called antigen cross-priming. To define how different forms of programmed cell death influence immunity, we established models of necroptosis and apoptosis, in which dying cells are generated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 and caspase-8 dimerization, respectively. We found that the release of inflammatory mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns, by dying cells was not sufficient for CD8(+) T cell cross-priming. Instead, robust cross-priming required receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) signaling and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-induced transcription within dying cells. Decoupling NF-kappaB signaling from necroptosis or inflammatory apoptosis reduced priming efficiency and tumor immunity. Our results reveal that coordinated inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways within dying cells orchestrate adaptive immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651449/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yatim, Nader -- Jusforgues-Saklani, Helene -- Orozco, Susana -- Schulz, Oliver -- Barreira da Silva, Rosa -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- Green, Douglas R -- Oberst, Andrew -- Albert, Matthew L -- 5R01AI108685-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI44848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI108685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA185681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):328-34. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0395. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Frontieres du Vivant Doctoral School, Ecole Doctorale 474, Universite Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 8-10 Rue Charles V, 75004 Paris, France. ; Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U818, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. ; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Campus Box 358059, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Caspase 8/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cross-Priming ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The inefficient clearance of dying cells can lead to abnormal immune responses, such as unresolved inflammation and autoimmune conditions. We show that tumor suppressor p53 controls signaling-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells through its target, Death Domain1alpha (DD1alpha), which suggests that p53 promotes both the proapoptotic pathway and postapoptotic events. DD1alpha appears to function as an engulfment ligand or receptor that engages in homophilic intermolecular interaction at intercellular junctions of apoptotic cells and macrophages, unlike other typical scavenger receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the surface of dead cells. DD1alpha-deficient mice showed in vivo defects in clearing dying cells, which led to multiple organ damage indicative of immune dysfunction. p53-induced expression of DD1alpha thus prevents persistence of cell corpses and ensures efficient generation of precise immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoon, Kyoung Wan -- Byun, Sanguine -- Kwon, Eunjeong -- Hwang, So-Young -- Chu, Kiki -- Hiraki, Masatsugu -- Jo, Seung-Hee -- Weins, Astrid -- Hakroush, Samy -- Cebulla, Angelika -- Sykes, David B -- Greka, Anna -- Mundel, Peter -- Fisher, David E -- Mandinova, Anna -- Lee, Sam W -- CA142805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA149477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK062472/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK091218/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK093378/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK57683/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- S10RR027673/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):1261669. doi: 10.1126/science.1261669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. swlee@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phagocytosis/*immunology ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) generate enterocytes (ECs) and enteroendocrine (ee) cells. Previous work suggests that different levels of the Notch ligand Delta (Dl) in ISCs unidirectionally activate Notch in daughters to control multipotency. However, the mechanisms driving different outcomes remain unknown. We found that during ee cell formation, the ee cell marker Prospero localizes to the basal side of dividing ISCs. After asymmetric division, the ee daughter cell acts as a source of Dl that induces low Notch activity in the ISC to maintain identity. Alternatively, ISCs expressing Dl induce high Notch activity in daughter cells to promote EC formation. Our data reveal a conserved role for Notch in Drosophila and mammalian ISC maintenance and suggest that bidirectional Notch signaling may regulate multipotency in other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Zheng -- Ohlstein, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263). pii: aab0988. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. bo2160@columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Polarity ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Enterocytes/*cytology ; Enteroendocrine Cells/*cytology ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: Leucine is a proteogenic amino acid that also regulates many aspects of mammalian physiology, in large part by activating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase, a master growth controller. Amino acids signal to mTORC1 through the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). Several factors regulate the Rags, including GATOR1, aGTPase-activating protein; GATOR2, a positive regulator of unknown function; and Sestrin2, a GATOR2-interacting protein that inhibits mTORC1 signaling. We find that leucine, but not arginine, disrupts the Sestrin2-GATOR2 interaction by binding to Sestrin2 with a dissociation constant of 20 micromolar, which is the leucine concentration that half-maximally activates mTORC1. The leucine-binding capacity of Sestrin2 is required for leucine to activate mTORC1 in cells. These results indicate that Sestrin2 is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfson, Rachel L -- Chantranupong, Lynne -- Saxton, Robert A -- Shen, Kuang -- Scaria, Sonia M -- Cantor, Jason R -- Sabatini, David M -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F30 CA189333/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA180271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):43-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2674. Epub 2015 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. sabatini@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: GTPase-Activating Proteins/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2015-07-23
    Description: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal primarily through G proteins or arrestins. Arrestin binding to GPCRs blocks G protein interaction and redirects signalling to numerous G-protein-independent pathways. Here we report the crystal structure of a constitutively active form of human rhodopsin bound to a pre-activated form of the mouse visual arrestin, determined by serial femtosecond X-ray laser crystallography. Together with extensive biochemical and mutagenesis data, the structure reveals an overall architecture of the rhodopsin-arrestin assembly in which rhodopsin uses distinct structural elements, including transmembrane helix 7 and helix 8, to recruit arrestin. Correspondingly, arrestin adopts the pre-activated conformation, with a approximately 20 degrees rotation between the amino and carboxy domains, which opens up a cleft in arrestin to accommodate a short helix formed by the second intracellular loop of rhodopsin. This structure provides a basis for understanding GPCR-mediated arrestin-biased signalling and demonstrates the power of X-ray lasers for advancing the frontiers of structural biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Yanyong -- Zhou, X Edward -- Gao, Xiang -- He, Yuanzheng -- Liu, Wei -- Ishchenko, Andrii -- Barty, Anton -- White, Thomas A -- Yefanov, Oleksandr -- Han, Gye Won -- Xu, Qingping -- de Waal, Parker W -- Ke, Jiyuan -- Tan, M H Eileen -- Zhang, Chenghai -- Moeller, Arne -- West, Graham M -- Pascal, Bruce D -- Van Eps, Ned -- Caro, Lydia N -- Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A -- Lee, Regina J -- Suino-Powell, Kelly M -- Gu, Xin -- Pal, Kuntal -- Ma, Jinming -- Zhi, Xiaoyong -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Gati, Cornelius -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Wang, Dingjie -- James, Daniel -- Basu, Shibom -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Conrad, Chelsie E -- Coe, Jesse -- Liu, Haiguang -- Lisova, Stella -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Fromme, Raimund -- Jiang, Yi -- Tan, Minjia -- Yang, Huaiyu -- Li, Jun -- Wang, Meitian -- Zheng, Zhong -- Li, Dianfan -- Howe, Nicole -- Zhao, Yingming -- Standfuss, Jorg -- Diederichs, Kay -- Dong, Yuhui -- Potter, Clinton S -- Carragher, Bridget -- Caffrey, Martin -- Jiang, Hualiang -- Chapman, Henry N -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Ernst, Oliver P -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Gurevich, Vsevolod V -- Griffin, Patrick R -- Hubbell, Wayne L -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Melcher, Karsten -- Xu, H Eric -- DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY005216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY011500/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM077561/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM097463/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM102545/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM103310/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM104212/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM108635/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30EY000331/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103310/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066202/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011500/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087413/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM109955/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027270/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):561-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14656. Epub 2015 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA. ; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA. ; Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 10084, China. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. ; Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Swiss Light Source at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. ; School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; 1] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA [2] Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ; Department of Biology, Universitat Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany. ; Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ; 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; 1] Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [3] iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 2F Building 6, 99 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China. ; 1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disulfides/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Lasers ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; X-Rays
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yutzey, Katherine E -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 23;520(7548):445-6. doi: 10.1038/520445a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25903623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Heart/growth & development ; Heart Failure/pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology/therapy ; Myocardium/cytology/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Neuregulin-1/*metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Regenerative Medicine ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Description: The study of bacterial ion channels has provided fundamental insights into the structural basis of neuronal signalling; however, the native role of ion channels in bacteria has remained elusive. Here we show that ion channels conduct long-range electrical signals within bacterial biofilm communities through spatially propagating waves of potassium. These waves result from a positive feedback loop, in which a metabolic trigger induces release of intracellular potassium, which in turn depolarizes neighbouring cells. Propagating through the biofilm, this wave of depolarization coordinates metabolic states among cells in the interior and periphery of the biofilm. Deletion of the potassium channel abolishes this response. As predicted by a mathematical model, we further show that spatial propagation can be hindered by specific genetic perturbations to potassium channel gating. Together, these results demonstrate a function for ion channels in bacterial biofilms, and provide a prokaryotic paradigm for active, long-range electrical signalling in cellular communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prindle, Arthur -- Liu, Jintao -- Asally, Munehiro -- Ly, San -- Garcia-Ojalvo, Jordi -- Suel, Gurol M -- P50 GM085764/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM088428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):59-63. doi: 10.1038/nature15709. Epub 2015 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, California 92093, USA. ; Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. ; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacillus subtilis/*cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Biofilms/*growth & development ; *Electric Conductivity ; Feedback, Physiological ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Biological ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: Parasitic helminths and allergens induce a type 2 immune response leading to profound changes in tissue physiology, including hyperplasia of mucus-secreting goblet cells and smooth muscle hypercontractility. This response, known as 'weep and sweep', requires interleukin (IL)-13 production by tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and recruited type 2 helper T cells (TH2 cells). Experiments in mice and humans have demonstrated requirements for the epithelial cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 in the activation of ILC2s, but the sources and regulation of these signals remain poorly defined. In the small intestine, the epithelium consists of at least five distinct cellular lineages, including the tuft cell, whose function is unclear. Here we show that tuft cells constitutively express IL-25 to sustain ILC2 homeostasis in the resting lamina propria in mice. After helminth infection, tuft-cell-derived IL-25 further activates ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which acts on epithelial crypt progenitors to promote differentiation of tuft and goblet cells, leading to increased frequencies of both. Tuft cells, ILC2s and epithelial progenitors therefore comprise a response circuit that mediates epithelial remodelling associated with type 2 immunity in the small intestine, and perhaps at other mucosal barriers populated by these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Moltke, Jakob -- Ji, Ming -- Liang, Hong-Erh -- Locksley, Richard M -- AI026918/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI030663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK063720/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL107202/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):221-5. doi: 10.1038/nature16161. Epub 2015 Dec 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA. ; Department of Microbiology &Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Helminth/immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Goblet Cells/cytology/immunology ; Homeostasis ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Immunity, Mucosal/*immunology ; Interleukin-13/immunology ; Interleukin-17/*immunology/metabolism/secretion ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism/secretion ; Intestine, Small/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Nippostrongylus/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/immunology ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2015-10-16
    Description: Studies of individual living cells have revealed that many transcription factors activate in dynamic, and often stochastic, pulses within the same cell. However, it has remained unclear whether cells might exploit the dynamic interaction of these pulses to control gene expression. Here, using quantitative single-cell time-lapse imaging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the pulsatile transcription factors Msn2 and Mig1 combinatorially regulate their target genes through modulation of their relative pulse timing. The activator Msn2 and repressor Mig1 showed pulsed activation in either a temporally overlapping or non-overlapping manner during their transient response to different inputs, with only the non-overlapping dynamics efficiently activating target gene expression. Similarly, under constant environmental conditions, where Msn2 and Mig1 exhibit sporadic pulsing, glucose concentration modulated the temporal overlap between pulses of the two factors. Together, these results reveal a time-based mode of combinatorial gene regulation. Regulation through relative signal timing is common in engineering and neurobiology, and these results suggest that it could also function broadly within the signalling and regulatory systems of the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Yihan -- Sohn, Chang Ho -- Dalal, Chiraj K -- Cai, Long -- Elowitz, Michael B -- R01 GM079771/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079771B/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086793/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086793A/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):54-8. doi: 10.1038/nature15710. Epub 2015 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26466562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Glucose/deficiency/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Time Factors ; Time-Lapse Imaging ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2015-06-09
    Description: Lipid mediators influence immunity in myriad ways. For example, circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a key regulator of lymphocyte egress. Although the majority of plasma S1P is bound to apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, the immunological functions of the ApoM-S1P complex are unknown. Here we show that ApoM-S1P is dispensable for lymphocyte trafficking yet restrains lymphopoiesis by activating the S1P1 receptor on bone marrow lymphocyte progenitors. Mice that lacked ApoM (Apom(-/-)) had increased proliferation of Lin(-) Sca-1(+) cKit(+) haematopoietic progenitor cells (LSKs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) in bone marrow. Pharmacological activation or genetic overexpression of S1P1 suppressed LSK and CLP cell proliferation in vivo. ApoM was stably associated with bone marrow CLPs, which showed active S1P1 signalling in vivo. Moreover, ApoM-bound S1P, but not albumin-bound S1P, inhibited lymphopoiesis in vitro. Upon immune stimulation, Apom(-/-) mice developed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, characterized by increased lymphocytes in the central nervous system and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, the ApoM-S1P-S1P1 signalling axis restrains the lymphocyte compartment and, subsequently, adaptive immune responses. Unique biological functions imparted by specific S1P chaperones could be exploited for novel therapeutic opportunities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blaho, Victoria A -- Galvani, Sylvain -- Engelbrecht, Eric -- Liu, Catherine -- Swendeman, Steven L -- Kono, Mari -- Proia, Richard L -- Steinman, Lawrence -- Han, May H -- Hla, Timothy -- F32 CA14211/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA142117/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL67330/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70694/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL89934/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL070694/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR017677/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA138313/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL089934/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL067330/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK056014-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DK056015-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):342-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14462. Epub 2015 Jun 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Central Nervous System/immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ; Experimental/genetics/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphoid Progenitor Cells/cytology/metabolism ; *Lymphopoiesis ; Lysophospholipids/agonists/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine/agonists/*analogs & derivatives/blood/genetics/metabolism
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Natural events present multiple types of sensory cues, each detected by a specialized sensory modality. Combining information from several modalities is essential for the selection of appropriate actions. Key to understanding multimodal computations is determining the structural patterns of multimodal convergence and how these patterns contribute to behaviour. Modalities could converge early, late or at multiple levels in the sensory processing hierarchy. Here we show that combining mechanosensory and nociceptive cues synergistically enhances the selection of the fastest mode of escape locomotion in Drosophila larvae. In an electron microscopy volume that spans the entire insect nervous system, we reconstructed the multisensory circuit supporting the synergy, spanning multiple levels of the sensory processing hierarchy. The wiring diagram revealed a complex multilevel multimodal convergence architecture. Using behavioural and physiological studies, we identified functionally connected circuit nodes that trigger the fastest locomotor mode, and others that facilitate it, and we provide evidence that multiple levels of multimodal integration contribute to escape mode selection. We propose that the multilevel multimodal convergence architecture may be a general feature of multisensory circuits enabling complex input-output functions and selective tuning to ecologically relevant combinations of cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohyama, Tomoko -- Schneider-Mizell, Casey M -- Fetter, Richard D -- Aleman, Javier Valdes -- Franconville, Romain -- Rivera-Alba, Marta -- Mensh, Brett D -- Branson, Kristin M -- Simpson, Julie H -- Truman, James W -- Cardona, Albert -- Zlatic, Marta -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 30;520(7549):633-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14297. Epub 2015 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/cytology/physiology ; Cues ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Larva/cytology/physiology ; *Locomotion ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/metabolism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: Variant rs351855-G/A is a commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism of coding regions in exon 9 of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 (CD334) gene (c.1162G〉A). It results in an amino-acid change at codon 388 from glycine to arginine (p.Gly388Arg) in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Despite compelling genetic evidence for the association of this common variant with cancers of the bone, breast, colon, prostate, skin, lung, head and neck, as well as soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the underlying biological mechanism has remained elusive. Here we show that substitution of the conserved glycine 388 residue to a charged arginine residue alters the transmembrane spanning segment and exposes a membrane-proximal cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binding site Y(390)-(P)XXQ(393). We demonstrate that such membrane-proximal STAT3 binding motifs in the germline of type I membrane receptors enhance STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting STAT3 proteins to the inner cell membrane. Remarkably, such germline variants frequently co-localize with somatic mutations in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Using Fgfr4 single nucleotide polymorphism knock-in mice and transgenic mouse models for breast and lung cancers, we validate the enhanced STAT3 signalling induced by the FGFR4 Arg388-variant in vivo. Thus, our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the genetic association of rs351855 with accelerated cancer progression and suggest that germline variants of cell-surface molecules that recruit STAT3 to the inner cell membrane are a significant risk for cancer prognosis and disease progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ulaganathan, Vijay K -- Sperl, Bianca -- Rapp, Ulf R -- Ullrich, Axel -- HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):570-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16449. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried. Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Cancer, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Cell division requires the precise coordination of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This coordination is achieved by the recruitment of an actomyosin regulator, Ect2, to overlapping microtubules at the centre of the elongating anaphase spindle. Ect2 then signals to the overlying cortex to promote the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring between segregating chromosomes. Here, by studying division in proliferating Drosophila and human cells, we demonstrate the existence of a second, parallel signalling pathway, which triggers the relaxation of the polar cell cortex at mid anaphase. This is independent of furrow formation, centrosomes and microtubules and, instead, depends on PP1 phosphatase and its regulatory subunit Sds22 (refs 2, 3). As separating chromosomes move towards the polar cortex at mid anaphase, kinetochore-localized PP1-Sds22 helps to break cortical symmetry by inducing the dephosphorylation and inactivation of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins at cell poles. This promotes local softening of the cortex, facilitating anaphase elongation and orderly cell division. In summary, this identifies a conserved kinetochore-based phosphatase signal and substrate, which function together to link anaphase chromosome movements to cortical polarization, thereby coupling chromosome segregation to cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Nelio T L -- Lekomtsev, Sergey -- Jananji, Silvana -- Kriston-Vizi, Janos -- Hickson, Gilles R X -- Baum, Buzz -- BB/K009001/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):489-92. doi: 10.1038/nature14496. Epub 2015 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada. ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada. ; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; CelTisPhyBio Labex, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Anaphase ; Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromosome Segregation ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetochores/enzymology/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, Erwin F -- Petruzzelli, Michele -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):430-1. doi: 10.1038/521430a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Cell Biology Programme, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain. ; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Cachexia/etiology/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/secretion ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism/secretion ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/complications/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect, affecting nearly 1% of live births; the incidence of CHD is up to tenfold higher in human fetuses. A genetic contribution is strongly suggested by the association of CHD with chromosome abnormalities and high recurrence risk. Here we report findings from a recessive forward genetic screen in fetal mice, showing that cilia and cilia-transduced cell signalling have important roles in the pathogenesis of CHD. The cilium is an evolutionarily conserved organelle projecting from the cell surface with essential roles in diverse cellular processes. Using echocardiography, we ultrasound scanned 87,355 chemically mutagenized C57BL/6J fetal mice and recovered 218 CHD mouse models. Whole-exome sequencing identified 91 recessive CHD mutations in 61 genes. This included 34 cilia-related genes, 16 genes involved in cilia-transduced cell signalling, and 10 genes regulating vesicular trafficking, a pathway important for ciliogenesis and cell signalling. Surprisingly, many CHD genes encoded interacting proteins, suggesting that an interactome protein network may provide a larger genomic context for CHD pathogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into the potential Mendelian genetic contribution to CHD in the fetal population, a segment of the human population not well studied. We note that the pathways identified show overlap with CHD candidate genes recovered in CHD patients, suggesting that they may have relevance to the more complex genetics of CHD overall. These CHD mouse models and 〉8,000 incidental mutations have been sperm archived, creating a rich public resource for human disease modelling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617540/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617540/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, You -- Klena, Nikolai T -- Gabriel, George C -- Liu, Xiaoqin -- Kim, Andrew J -- Lemke, Kristi -- Chen, Yu -- Chatterjee, Bishwanath -- Devine, William -- Damerla, Rama Rao -- Chang, Chienfu -- Yagi, Hisato -- San Agustin, Jovenal T -- Thahir, Mohamed -- Anderton, Shane -- Lawhead, Caroline -- Vescovi, Anita -- Pratt, Herbert -- Morgan, Judy -- Haynes, Leslie -- Smith, Cynthia L -- Eppig, Janan T -- Reinholdt, Laura -- Francis, Richard -- Leatherbury, Linda -- Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K -- Tobita, Kimimasa -- Pazour, Gregory J -- Lo, Cecilia W -- HG000330/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01MH094564/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098180/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01HL098180/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01HL098188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):520-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14269. Epub 2015 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. ; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. ; 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA [2] Intelligent Systems Program, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 16260, USA. ; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA. ; The Heart Center, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cilia/genetics/*pathology/physiology/ultrasonography ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Electrocardiography ; Exome/genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Testing ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation/genetics ; Signal Transduction
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2015-03-04
    Description: Inflammation promotes regeneration of injured tissues through poorly understood mechanisms, some of which involve interleukin (IL)-6 family members, the expression of which is elevated in many diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Here we show in mice and human cells that gp130, a co-receptor for IL-6 cytokines, triggers activation of YAP and Notch, transcriptional regulators that control tissue growth and regeneration, independently of the gp130 effector STAT3. Through YAP and Notch, intestinal gp130 signalling stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, causes aberrant differentiation and confers resistance to mucosal erosion. gp130 associates with the related tyrosine kinases Src and Yes, which are activated on receptor engagement to phosphorylate YAP and induce its stabilization and nuclear translocation. This signalling module is strongly activated upon mucosal injury to promote healing and maintain barrier function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447318/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447318/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taniguchi, Koji -- Wu, Li-Wha -- Grivennikov, Sergei I -- de Jong, Petrus R -- Lian, Ian -- Yu, Fa-Xing -- Wang, Kepeng -- Ho, Samuel B -- Boland, Brigid S -- Chang, John T -- Sandborn, William J -- Hardiman, Gary -- Raz, Eyal -- Maehara, Yoshihiko -- Yoshimura, Akihiko -- Zucman-Rossi, Jessica -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- Karin, Michael -- CA118165-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA132809/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD008469/OD/NIH HHS/ -- EY022611/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R00 DK088589/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 5;519(7541):57-62. doi: 10.1038/nature14228. Epub 2015 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan [4] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Department of Biology, Lamar University, PO Box 10037, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA. ; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA [2] CSRC and BIMRC, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. ; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. ; 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan. ; 1] Inserm, UMR 1162, Genomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris 75010, France [2] Universite Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Faculte de Medicine, Paris 75006, France. ; 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [3] Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokine Receptor gp130/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Activation ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/*metabolism/pathology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-11-19
    Description: Acorn worms, also known as enteropneust (literally, 'gut-breathing') hemichordates, are marine invertebrates that share features with echinoderms and chordates. Together, these three phyla comprise the deuterostomes. Here we report the draft genome sequences of two acorn worms, Saccoglossus kowalevskii and Ptychodera flava. By comparing them with diverse bilaterian genomes, we identify shared traits that were probably inherited from the last common deuterostome ancestor, and then explore evolutionary trajectories leading from this ancestor to hemichordates, echinoderms and chordates. The hemichordate genomes exhibit extensive conserved synteny with amphioxus and other bilaterians, and deeply conserved non-coding sequences that are candidates for conserved gene-regulatory elements. Notably, hemichordates possess a deuterostome-specific genomic cluster of four ordered transcription factor genes, the expression of which is associated with the development of pharyngeal 'gill' slits, the foremost morphological innovation of early deuterostomes, and is probably central to their filter-feeding lifestyle. Comparative analysis reveals numerous deuterostome-specific gene novelties, including genes found in deuterostomes and marine microbes, but not other animals. The putative functions of these genes can be linked to physiological, metabolic and developmental specializations of the filter-feeding ancestor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729200/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729200/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simakov, Oleg -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Marletaz, Ferdinand -- Jenkins, Jerry -- Koyanagi, Ryo -- Mitros, Therese -- Hisata, Kanako -- Bredeson, Jessen -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Gyoja, Fuki -- Yue, Jia-Xing -- Chen, Yi-Chih -- Freeman, Robert M Jr -- Sasaki, Akane -- Hikosaka-Katayama, Tomoe -- Sato, Atsuko -- Fujie, Manabu -- Baughman, Kenneth W -- Levine, Judith -- Gonzalez, Paul -- Cameron, Christopher -- Fritzenwanker, Jens H -- Pani, Ariel M -- Goto, Hiroki -- Kanda, Miyuki -- Arakaki, Nana -- Yamasaki, Shinichi -- Qu, Jiaxin -- Cree, Andrew -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan, Shannon -- Holder, Michael -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Kovar, Christie L -- Lee, Sandra L -- Lewis, Lora R -- Morton, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Chen, Rui -- Richards, Stephen -- Muzny, Donna M -- Gillis, Andrew -- Peshkin, Leonid -- Wu, Michael -- Humphreys, Tom -- Su, Yi-Hsien -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Yu, Jr-Kai -- Tagawa, Kunifumi -- Worley, Kim C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Kirschner, Marc W -- Lowe, Christopher J -- Satoh, Noriyuki -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Gerhart, John -- HD37277/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD42724/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD037277/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD073104/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD073104/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD055164/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):459-65. doi: 10.1038/nature16150. Epub 2015 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Evolution, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA. ; DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley California 94720-3200, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. ; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. ; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-0073, Japan. ; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Gene Science Division, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan. ; Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK. ; Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA. ; Department de sciences biologiques, University of Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. ; University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM226, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. ; US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chordata, Nonvertebrate/classification/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Echinodermata/classification/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genome/*genetics ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny/genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2014-06-17
    Description: Disease tolerance is the ability of the host to reduce the effect of infection on host fitness. Analysis of disease tolerance pathways could provide new approaches for treating infections and other inflammatory diseases. Typically, an initial exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a state of refractoriness to further LPS challenge (endotoxin tolerance). We found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression. However, on LPS rechallenge, AhR engaged in long-term regulation of systemic inflammation only in the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). AhR-complex-associated Src kinase activity promoted IDO1 phosphorylation and signalling ability. The resulting endotoxin-tolerant state was found to protect mice against immunopathology in Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098076/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098076/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bessede, Alban -- Gargaro, Marco -- Pallotta, Maria T -- Matino, Davide -- Servillo, Giuseppe -- Brunacci, Cinzia -- Bicciato, Silvio -- Mazza, Emilia M C -- Macchiarulo, Antonio -- Vacca, Carmine -- Iannitti, Rossana -- Tissi, Luciana -- Volpi, Claudia -- Belladonna, Maria L -- Orabona, Ciriana -- Bianchi, Roberta -- Lanz, Tobias V -- Platten, Michael -- Della Fazia, Maria A -- Piobbico, Danilo -- Zelante, Teresa -- Funakoshi, Hiroshi -- Nakamura, Toshikazu -- Gilot, David -- Denison, Michael S -- Guillemin, Gilles J -- DuHadaway, James B -- Prendergast, George C -- Metz, Richard -- Geffard, Michel -- Boon, Louis -- Pirro, Matteo -- Iorio, Alfonso -- Veyret, Bernard -- Romani, Luigina -- Grohmann, Ursula -- Fallarino, Francesca -- Puccetti, Paolo -- P30 CA056036/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109542/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES007685/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES007685/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 10;511(7508):184-90. doi: 10.1038/nature13323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2] IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France [3]. ; 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2]. ; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy. ; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. ; Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy. ; 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, 078-8510 Asahikawa, Japan. ; Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan. ; CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Genetique et Developpement de Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France. ; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 95616 California, USA. ; Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia. ; Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, 19096 Pennsylvania, USA. ; New Link Genetics Corporation, Ames, 50010 Iowa, USA. ; IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France. ; Bioceros, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy. ; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Infections/immunology/metabolism ; Disease Resistance/drug effects/*genetics/*immunology ; Endotoxemia/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism ; Inflammation/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Kynurenine/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism ; src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: During cap-dependent eukaryotic translation initiation, ribosomes scan messenger RNA from the 5' end to the first AUG start codon with favourable sequence context. For many mRNAs this AUG belongs to a short upstream open reading frame (uORF), and translation of the main downstream ORF requires re-initiation, an incompletely understood process. Re-initiation is thought to involve the same factors as standard initiation. It is unknown whether any factors specifically affect translation re-initiation without affecting standard cap-dependent translation. Here we uncover the non-canonical initiation factors density regulated protein (DENR) and multiple copies in T-cell lymphoma-1 (MCT-1; also called MCTS1 in humans) as the first selective regulators of eukaryotic re-initiation. mRNAs containing upstream ORFs with strong Kozak sequences selectively require DENR-MCT-1 for their proper translation, yielding a novel class of mRNAs that can be co-regulated and that is enriched for regulatory proteins such as oncogenic kinases. Collectively, our data reveal that cells have a previously unappreciated translational control system with a key role in supporting proliferation and tissue growth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4134322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4134322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schleich, Sibylle -- Strassburger, Katrin -- Janiesch, Philipp Christoph -- Koledachkina, Tatyana -- Miller, Katharine K -- Haneke, Katharina -- Cheng, Yong-Sheng -- Kuchler, Katrin -- Stoecklin, Georg -- Duncan, Kent E -- Teleman, Aurelio A -- 260602/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 14;512(7513):208-12. doi: 10.1038/nature13401. Epub 2014 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2]. ; 1] Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany [2]. ; Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; Signal Transduction
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Description: T-helper type 17 (TH17) cells that produce the cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F are implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. The differentiation of TH17 cells is regulated by transcription factors such as RORgammat, but post-translational mechanisms preventing the rampant production of pro-inflammatory IL-17A have received less attention. Here we show that the deubiquitylating enzyme DUBA is a negative regulator of IL-17A production in T cells. Mice with DUBA-deficient T cells developed exacerbated inflammation in the small intestine after challenge with anti-CD3 antibodies. DUBA interacted with the ubiquitin ligase UBR5, which suppressed DUBA abundance in naive T cells. DUBA accumulated in activated T cells and stabilized UBR5, which then ubiquitylated RORgammat in response to TGF-beta signalling. Our data identify DUBA as a cell-intrinsic suppressor of IL-17 production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutz, Sascha -- Kayagaki, Nobuhiko -- Phung, Qui T -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Noubade, Rajkumar -- Wang, Xiaoting -- Lesch, Justin -- Lu, Rongze -- Newton, Kim -- Huang, Oscar W -- Cochran, Andrea G -- Vasser, Mark -- Fauber, Benjamin P -- DeVoss, Jason -- Webster, Joshua -- Diehl, Lauri -- Modrusan, Zora -- Kirkpatrick, Donald S -- Lill, Jennie R -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- Dixit, Vishva M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):417-21. doi: 10.1038/nature13979. Epub 2014 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Stability ; Female ; Inflammation/genetics/pathology ; Interleukin-17/*biosynthesis ; Intestine, Small/metabolism/pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; Th17 Cells/*metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we show in mammalian cells that endophilin marks and controls a fast-acting tubulovesicular endocytic pathway that is independent of AP2 and clathrin, activated upon ligand binding to cargo receptors, inhibited by inhibitors of dynamin, Rac, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, PAK1 and actin polymerization, and activated upon Cdc42 inhibition. This pathway is prominent at the leading edges of cells where phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate-produced by the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate by SHIP1 and SHIP2-recruits lamellipodin, which in turn engages endophilin. This pathway mediates the ligand-triggered uptake of several G-protein-coupled receptors such as alpha2a- and beta1-adrenergic, dopaminergic D3 and D4 receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4, the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR, HGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR, NGFR and IGF1R, as well as interleukin-2 receptor. We call this new endocytic route fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boucrot, Emmanuel -- Ferreira, Antonio P A -- Almeida-Souza, Leonardo -- Debard, Sylvain -- Vallis, Yvonne -- Howard, Gillian -- Bertot, Laetitia -- Sauvonnet, Nathalie -- McMahon, Harvey T -- U105178805/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):460-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14067. Epub 2014 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK [2] Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London &Birkbeck College, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London &Birkbeck College, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; 1] Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London &Birkbeck College, London WC1E 6BT, UK [2] Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Unite de Pathogenie Moleculaire Microbienne, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Acyltransferases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Clathrin ; Dynamins/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Humans ; Ligands ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: Intracellular ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier which can covalently bind other proteins in a process called ISGylation; it is an effector of IFN-alpha/beta-dependent antiviral immunity in mice. We previously published a study describing humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency but without unusually severe viral diseases. We showed that these patients were prone to mycobacterial disease and that human ISG15 was non-redundant as an extracellular IFN-gamma-inducing molecule. We show here that ISG15-deficient patients also display unanticipated cellular, immunological and clinical signs of enhanced IFN-alpha/beta immunity, reminiscent of the Mendelian autoinflammatory interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and spondyloenchondrodysplasia. We further show that an absence of intracellular ISG15 in the patients' cells prevents the accumulation of USP18, a potent negative regulator of IFN-alpha/beta signalling, resulting in the enhancement and amplification of IFN-alpha/beta responses. Human ISG15, therefore, is not only redundant for antiviral immunity, but is a key negative regulator of IFN-alpha/beta immunity. In humans, intracellular ISG15 is IFN-alpha/beta-inducible not to serve as a substrate for ISGylation-dependent antiviral immunity, but to ensure USP18-dependent regulation of IFN-alpha/beta and prevention of IFN-alpha/beta-dependent autoinflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303590/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303590/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xianqin -- Bogunovic, Dusan -- Payelle-Brogard, Beatrice -- Francois-Newton, Veronique -- Speer, Scott D -- Yuan, Chao -- Volpi, Stefano -- Li, Zhi -- Sanal, Ozden -- Mansouri, Davood -- Tezcan, Ilhan -- Rice, Gillian I -- Chen, Chunyuan -- Mansouri, Nahal -- Mahdaviani, Seyed Alireza -- Itan, Yuval -- Boisson, Bertrand -- Okada, Satoshi -- Zeng, Lu -- Wang, Xing -- Jiang, Hui -- Liu, Wenqiang -- Han, Tiantian -- Liu, Delin -- Ma, Tao -- Wang, Bo -- Liu, Mugen -- Liu, Jing-Yu -- Wang, Qing K -- Yalnizoglu, Dilek -- Radoshevich, Lilliana -- Uze, Gilles -- Gros, Philippe -- Rozenberg, Flore -- Zhang, Shen-Ying -- Jouanguy, Emmanuelle -- Bustamante, Jacinta -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Abel, Laurent -- Lebon, Pierre -- Notarangelo, Luigi D -- Crow, Yanick J -- Boisson-Dupuis, Stephanie -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- Pellegrini, Sandra -- 1P01AI076210-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 309449/European Research Council/International -- 8UL1TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI076210/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI090935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI090935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R00 AI106942/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R00AI106942-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI035237/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI083025/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI083025/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):89-93. doi: 10.1038/nature13801. Epub 2014 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. ; 1] St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, CNRS URA 1961, 75724 Paris, France. ; 1] Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Microbiology Training Area, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences of Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; 1] Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy. ; Immunology Division and Pediatric Neurology Department, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. ; Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 4739 Teheran, Iran. ; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Genetic Medicine, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. ; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. ; Sangzhi County People's Hospital, Sangzhi 427100, China. ; Genetics Laboratory, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. ; 1] Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China [2] Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Bacteria-Cell Interactions Unit, 75724 Paris, France. ; CNRS UMR5235, Montpellier II University, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France. ; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada. ; Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France. ; 1] Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France [2] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France. ; 1] Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France [2] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France [3] Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France. ; 1] Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; 1] St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France [3] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France. ; Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Genetic Medicine, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK [2] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France [3] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France. ; 1] Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France [2] Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA [4] Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France [5]. ; 1] Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, CNRS URA 1961, 75724 Paris, France [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Alleles ; Child ; Cytokines/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology/*prevention & control ; Interferon Type I/*immunology/metabolism ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Male ; Pedigree ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Viruses/immunology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: The widespread reorganization of cellular architecture in mitosis is achieved through extensive protein phosphorylation, driven by the coordinated activation of a mitotic kinase network and repression of counteracting phosphatases. Phosphatase activity must subsequently be restored to promote mitotic exit. Although Cdc14 phosphatase drives this reversal in budding yeast, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activities have each been independently linked to mitotic exit control in other eukaryotes. Here we describe a mitotic phosphatase relay in which PP1 reactivation is required for the reactivation of both PP2A-B55 and PP2A-B56 to coordinate mitotic progression and exit in fission yeast. The staged recruitment of PP1 (the Dis2 isoform) to the regulatory subunits of the PP2A-B55 and PP2A-B56 (B55 also known as Pab1; B56 also known as Par1) holoenzymes sequentially activates each phosphatase. The pathway is blocked in early mitosis because the Cdk1-cyclin B kinase (Cdk1 also known as Cdc2) inhibits PP1 activity, but declining cyclin B levels later in mitosis permit PP1 to auto-reactivate. PP1 first reactivates PP2A-B55; this enables PP2A-B55 in turn to promote the reactivation of PP2A-B56 by dephosphorylating a PP1-docking site in PP2A-B56, thereby promoting the recruitment of PP1. PP1 recruitment to human, mitotic PP2A-B56 holoenzymes and the sequences of these conserved PP1-docking motifs suggest that PP1 regulates PP2A-B55 and PP2A-B56 activities in a variety of signalling contexts throughout eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338534/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338534/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grallert, Agnes -- Boke, Elvan -- Hagting, Anja -- Hodgson, Ben -- Connolly, Yvonne -- Griffiths, John R -- Smith, Duncan L -- Pines, Jonathon -- Hagan, Iain M -- 092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- A13678/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A16406/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C147/A16406/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C29/A13678/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14019. Epub 2014 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Division Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. ; The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK. ; Biological Mass Spectrometry, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Chromosome Segregation ; Conserved Sequence ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; HeLa Cells ; Holoenzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 2/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*cytology/*enzymology ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2014-12-24
    Description: Broadly, tissue regeneration is achieved in two ways: by proliferation of common differentiated cells and/or by deployment of specialized stem/progenitor cells. Which of these pathways applies is both organ- and injury-specific. Current models in the lung posit that epithelial repair can be attributed to cells expressing mature lineage markers. By contrast, here we define the regenerative role of previously uncharacterized, rare lineage-negative epithelial stem/progenitor (LNEP) cells present within normal distal lung. Quiescent LNEPs activate a DeltaNp63 (a p63 splice variant) and cytokeratin 5 remodelling program after influenza or bleomycin injury in mice. Activated cells proliferate and migrate widely to occupy heavily injured areas depleted of mature lineages, at which point they differentiate towards mature epithelium. Lineage tracing revealed scant contribution of pre-existing mature epithelial cells in such repair, whereas orthotopic transplantation of LNEPs, isolated by a definitive surface profile identified through single-cell sequencing, directly demonstrated the proliferative capacity and multipotency of this population. LNEPs require Notch signalling to activate the DeltaNp63 and cytokeratin 5 program, and subsequent Notch blockade promotes an alveolar cell fate. Persistent Notch signalling after injury led to parenchymal 'micro-honeycombing' (alveolar cysts), indicative of failed regeneration. Lungs from patients with fibrosis show analogous honeycomb cysts with evidence of hyperactive Notch signalling. Our findings indicate that distinct stem/progenitor cell pools repopulate injured tissue depending on the extent of the injury, and the outcomes of regeneration or fibrosis may depend in part on the dynamics of LNEP Notch signalling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312207/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312207/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaughan, Andrew E -- Brumwell, Alexis N -- Xi, Ying -- Gotts, Jeffrey E -- Brownfield, Doug G -- Treutlein, Barbara -- Tan, Kevin -- Tan, Victor -- Liu, Feng Chun -- Looney, Mark R -- Matthay, Michael A -- Rock, Jason R -- Chapman, Harold A -- F32 HL117600-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL44712/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099995/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL111054/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):621-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14112. Epub 2014 Dec 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25533958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bleomycin ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cysts/metabolism/pathology ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-5/metabolism ; Lung/*cytology/*pathology/physiology ; Lung Injury/chemically induced/*pathology/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology/virology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Re-Epithelialization ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Neuronal intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i) is an important determinant of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor (GABA(A)R)-mediated inhibition and cytoplasmic volume regulation. Equilibrative cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) move Cl(-) across the membrane, but accumulating evidence suggests factors other than the bulk concentrations of transported ions determine [Cl(-)](i). Measurement of [Cl(-)](i) in murine brain slice preparations expressing the transgenic fluorophore Clomeleon demonstrated that cytoplasmic impermeant anions ([A](i)) and polyanionic extracellular matrix glycoproteins ([A](o)) constrain the local [Cl(-)]. CCC inhibition had modest effects on [Cl(-)](i) and neuronal volume, but substantial changes were produced by alterations of the balance between [A](i) and [A](o). Therefore, CCCs are important elements of Cl(-) homeostasis, but local impermeant anions determine the homeostatic set point for [Cl(-)], and hence, neuronal volume and the polarity of local GABA(A)R signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glykys, J -- Dzhala, V -- Egawa, K -- Balena, T -- Saponjian, Y -- Kuchibhotla, K V -- Bacskai, B J -- Kahle, K T -- Zeuthen, T -- Staley, K J -- NS 40109-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000768/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040109/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS074772/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25 NS065743/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR025645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U41 RR019703/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):670-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1245423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell Polarity ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Development of vertebrate embryos involves tightly regulated molecular and cellular processes that progressively instruct proliferating embryonic cells about their identity and behavior. Whereas numerous gene activities have been found to be essential during early embryogenesis, little is known about the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. Here, we show that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Peng-Fei -- Houssin, Nathalie -- Ferri-Lagneau, Karine F -- Thisse, Bernard -- Thisse, Christine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):87-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastula/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; *Embryonic Development ; Gastrula/physiology ; Gastrulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Morphogenesis ; Nodal Protein/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: Immune and inflammatory responses require leukocytes to migrate within and through the vasculature, a process that is facilitated by their capacity to switch to a polarized morphology with an asymmetric distribution of receptors. We report that neutrophil polarization within activated venules served to organize a protruding domain that engaged activated platelets present in the bloodstream. The selectin ligand PSGL-1 transduced signals emanating from these interactions, resulting in the redistribution of receptors that drive neutrophil migration. Consequently, neutrophils unable to polarize or to transduce signals through PSGL-1 displayed aberrant crawling, and blockade of this domain protected mice against thromboinflammatory injury. These results reveal that recruited neutrophils scan for activated platelets, and they suggest that the neutrophils' bipolarity allows the integration of signals present at both the endothelium and the circulation before inflammation proceeds.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280847/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280847/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreeramkumar, Vinatha -- Adrover, Jose M -- Ballesteros, Ivan -- Cuartero, Maria Isabel -- Rossaint, Jan -- Bilbao, Izaskun -- Nacher, Maria -- Pitaval, Christophe -- Radovanovic, Irena -- Fukui, Yoshinori -- McEver, Rodger P -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Lizasoain, Ignacio -- Ruiz-Cabello, Jesus -- Zarbock, Alexander -- Moro, Maria A -- Hidalgo, Andres -- HL03463/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL085607/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL090676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL085607/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL034363/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1234-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1256478. Epub 2014 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. ; Unidad de Investigacion Neurovascular, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Munster and Max Planck Institute Munster, Munster, Germany. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. ; Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Japan. ; Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. ; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. ahidalgo@cnic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Blood Platelets/*immunology ; Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology ; Inflammation/blood/*immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/*immunology ; *Platelet Activation ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombosis/*immunology ; Venules/immunology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: Nitrogen (N) is a critical nutrient for plants but is often distributed unevenly in the soil. Plants therefore have evolved a systemic mechanism by which N starvation on one side of the root system leads to a compensatory and increased nitrate uptake on the other side. Here, we study the molecular systems that support perception of N and the long-distance signaling needed to alter root development. Rootlets starved of N secrete small peptides that are translocated to the shoot and received by two leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Arabidopsis plants deficient in this pathway show growth retardation accompanied with N-deficiency symptoms. Thus, signaling from the root to the shoot helps the plant adapt to fluctuations in local N availability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabata, Ryo -- Sumida, Kumiko -- Yoshii, Tomoaki -- Ohyama, Kentaro -- Shinohara, Hidefumi -- Matsubayashi, Yoshikatsu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):343-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1257800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. ; Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. matsu@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: Pathogens traverse multiple barriers during infection, including cell membranes. We found that during this transition, pathogens carried covalently attached complement C3 into the cell, triggering immediate signaling and effector responses. Sensing of C3 in the cytosol activated mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent signaling cascades and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion. C3 also flagged viruses for rapid proteasomal degradation, preventing their replication. This system could detect both viral and bacterial pathogens but was antagonized by enteroviruses, such as rhinovirus and poliovirus, which cleave C3 using their 3C protease. The antiviral rupintrivir inhibited 3C protease and prevented C3 cleavage, rendering enteroviruses susceptible to intracellular complement sensing. Thus, complement C3 allows cells to detect and disable pathogens that have invaded the cytosol.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172439/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172439/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tam, Jerry C H -- Bidgood, Susanna R -- McEwan, William A -- James, Leo C -- 281627/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105181010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U105181010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1256070. doi: 10.1126/science.1256070. Epub 2014 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. lcj@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/*immunology ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Complement C3/*immunology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; Dogs ; HEK293 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bar-Peled, Liron -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1191-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA. lironbp@scripps.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Body Size ; *Cell Enlargement ; *Cell Proliferation ; GTP-Binding Protein Regulators/*metabolism ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: Histone H3 lysine(27)-to-methionine (H3K27M) gain-of-function mutations occur in highly aggressive pediatric gliomas. We established a Drosophila animal model for the pathogenic histone H3K27M mutation and show that its overexpression resembles polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) loss-of-function phenotypes, causing derepression of PRC2 target genes and developmental perturbations. Similarly, an H3K9M mutant depletes H3K9 methylation levels and suppresses position-effect variegation in various Drosophila tissues. The histone H3K9 demethylase KDM3B/JHDM2 associates with H3K9M-containing nucleosomes, and its misregulation in Drosophila results in changes of H3K9 methylation levels and heterochromatic silencing defects. We have established histone lysine-to-methionine mutants as robust in vivo tools for inhibiting methylation pathways that also function as biochemical reagents for capturing site-specific histone-modifying enzymes, thus providing molecular insight into chromatin signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508193/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508193/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herz, Hans-Martin -- Morgan, Marc -- Gao, Xin -- Jackson, Jessica -- Rickels, Ryan -- Swanson, Selene K -- Florens, Laurence -- Washburn, Michael P -- Eissenberg, Joel C -- Shilatifard, Ali -- CA R01CA089455/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA089455/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1065-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1255104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. ; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. ; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. ash@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Gene Silencing ; Glioma/genetics/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Histones/*genetics/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism ; Lysine/*genetics ; Methionine/*genetics ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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