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  • 1
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    Tie2 activation promotes choriocapillary regeneration for alleviating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Choriocapillary loss is a major cause of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade for NV-AMD has shown beneficial outcomes, unmet medical needs for patients refractory or tachyphylactic to anti-VEGF therapy exist. In addition, the treatment could exacerbate choriocapillary rarefaction, necessitating advanced treatment for fundamental recovery from NV-AMD. In this study, Tie2 activation by angiopoietin-2–binding and Tie2-activating antibody (ABTAA) presents a therapeutic strategy for NV-AMD. Conditional 〈i〉Tie2〈/i〉 deletion impeded choriocapillary maintenance, rendering eyes susceptible to NV-AMD development. Moreover, in a NV-AMD mouse model, ABTAA not only suppressed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and vascular leakage but also regenerated the choriocapillaris and relieved hypoxia. Conversely, VEGF blockade degenerated the choriocapillaris and exacerbated hypoxia, although it suppressed CNV and vascular leakage. Together, we establish that angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling is critical for choriocapillary maintenance and that ABTAA represents an alternative, combinative therapeutic strategy for NV-AMD by alleviating anti-VEGF adverse effects.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Visual investigation of solid-liquid phase equilibria for nonflammable mixed refrigerant (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Non-flammable mixed refrigerant (NF-MR) Joule Thomson (J-T) refrigerators have desirable characteristics and wide cooling temperature range compared to those of pure J-T refrigerators. However, the operating challenge due to freezing is a critical issue to construct this refrigerator. In this paper, the solid-liquid phase equilibria (i.e. freezing point) of the NF-MR which is composed of Argon, R14 (CF 4 ), and R218 (C 3 F 8 ), has been experimentally investigated by a visualized apparatus. Argon, R14 and R218 mixtures are selected to be effectively capable of reaching 100 K in the MR J-T refrigerator system. Freezing points of the mixtures have been measured with the molar compositions from 0.1 to 0.8 for each component. Each test result is simultaneously acquired by a camcorder for visual inspection and temperature measurement during a warming process. Experimental results show that the certain mole fraction of Argon, R14, and R218 mixture can achieve...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Transmission electron microscopy study of microstructural properties and dislocation characterization in the GaN film grown on the cone-shaped patterned Al2O3 substrate (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-12
    Description: Growing a GaN film on a patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate is one of the methods of reducing threading dislocations (TDs), which can significantly deteriorate the performance of GaN-based LEDs. In this study, the microstructural details of the GaN film grown on a cone-shaped patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and weak-beam dark-field techniques. Various defects such as misfit dislocations (MDs), recrystallized GaN (R-GaN) islands and nano-voids were observed on the patterned Al 2 O 3 surfaces, i.e. the flat surface (FS), the inclined surface (IS) and the top surface (TS), respectively. Especially, the crystallographic orientation of R-GaN between the GaN film and the inclined Al 2 O 3 substrate was identified as $[\overline 1 2\overline 1 0]_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 101]_{{\rm R - GaN} \,{\rm on}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 100]_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ , $(\overline 1 012)_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}(1\overline 1 02)_{{\rm R - Ga}\,{\rm Non}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}(\overline {11} 26)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ . In addition, a rotation by 9° between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0002)_{{\rm GaN}} $ and between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0006)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ was found to reduce the lattice mismatch between the GaN film and the Al 2 O 3 substrate. Many TDs in the GaN film were observed on the FS and TS of Al 2 O 3 . However, few TDs were observed on the IS. Most of the TDs generated from the FS of Al 2 O 3 were bent to the inclined facet rather than propagating to the GaN surface, resulting in a reduction in the dislocation density. Most of the TDs generated from the TS of Al 2 O 3 were characterized as edge dislocations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 4
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    Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-25
    Description: Recent advances in wearable electronics combined with wireless communications are essential to the realization of medical applications through health monitoring technologies. For example, a smart contact lens, which is capable of monitoring the physiological information of the eye and tear fluid, could provide real-time, noninvasive medical diagnostics. However, previous reports concerning the smart contact lens have indicated that opaque and brittle components have been used to enable the operation of the electronic device, and this could block the user’s vision and potentially damage the eye. In addition, the use of expensive and bulky equipment to measure signals from the contact lens sensors could interfere with the user’s external activities. Thus, we report an unconventional approach for the fabrication of a soft, smart contact lens in which glucose sensors, wireless power transfer circuits, and display pixels to visualize sensing signals in real time are fully integrated using transparent and stretchable nanostructures. The integration of this display into the smart lens eliminates the need for additional, bulky measurement equipment. This soft, smart contact lens can be transparent, providing a clear view by matching the refractive indices of its locally patterned areas. The resulting soft, smart contact lens provides real-time, wireless operation, and there are in vivo tests to monitor the glucose concentration in tears (suitable for determining the fasting glucose level in the tears of diabetic patients) and, simultaneously, to provide sensing results through the contact lens display.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in induction of both tristetraprolin and let-7 in human cancer cells (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Tristetraprolin (TTP) and let-7 microRNA exhibit suppressive effects on cell growth through down-regulation of oncogenes. Both TTP and let-7 are often repressed in human cancers, thereby promoting oncogenesis by derepressing their target genes. However, the precise mechanism of this repression is unknown. We here demonstrate that p53 stimulated by the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin (DOX) induced the expression of TTP in cancer cells. TTP in turn increased let-7 levels through down-regulation of Lin28a . Correspondingly, cancer cells with mutations or inhibition of p53 failed to induce the expression of both TTP and let-7 on treatment with DOX. Down-regulation of TTP by small interfering RNAs attenuated the inhibitory effect of DOX on let-7 expression and cell growth. Therefore, TTP provides an important link between p53 activation induced by DNA damage and let-7 biogenesis. These novel findings provide a mechanism for the widespread decrease in TTP and let-7 and chemoresistance observed in human cancers.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Geometric consideration of nanostructures for energy storage systems (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: Battery performance and its fade are determined by various aspects such as the transport of ions and electrons through heterogeneous internal structures; kinetic reactions at the interfaces; and the corresponding interplay between mechanical, chemical, and thermal responses. The fundamental factor determining this complex multiscale and multiphysical nature of a battery is the geometry of active materials. In this work, we systematically consider the tradeoffs among a selection of limiting geometries of media designed to store ions or other species via a diffusion process. Specifically, we begin the investigation by considering diffusion in spheres, rods, and plates at the particle level, in order to assess the effects of geometry, diffusivity, and rate on capacity. Then, the study is extended to considering of the volume fraction and particle network, as well as kinetics at the interface with electrolyte. Our study suggests that, in terms of overall bulk level material performance, thin film batteries may generate the highest energy density with high power capability when they are implemented at nanoscales or with highly diffusion materials.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Comprehensive functional genomic resource and integrative model for the human brain (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Despite progress in defining genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Addressing this, the PsychENCODE Consortium has generated a comprehensive online resource for the adult brain across 1866 individuals. The PsychENCODE resource contains ~79,000 brain-active enhancers, sets of Hi-C linkages, and topologically associating domains; single-cell expression profiles for many cell types; expression quantitative-trait loci (QTLs); and further QTLs associated with chromatin, splicing, and cell-type proportions. Integration shows that varying cell-type proportions largely account for the cross-population variation in expression (with 〉88% reconstruction accuracy). It also allows building of a gene regulatory network, linking genome-wide association study variants to genes (e.g., 321 for schizophrenia). We embed this network into an interpretable deep-learning model, which improves disease prediction by ~6-fold versus polygenic risk scores and identifies key genes and pathways in psychiatric disorders.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of ultraviolet-induced ocular surface inflammation (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-28
    Description: HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of ultraviolet-induced ocular surface inflammation Cell Death and Disease 6, e1863 (August 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.199 Authors: S J Han, H J Min, S C Yoon, E A Ko, S J Park, J-H Yoon, J-S Shin & K Y Seo
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    An integrative somatic mutation analysis to identify pathways linked with survival outcomes across 19 cancer types (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: Motivation: Identification of altered pathways that are clinically relevant across human cancers is a key challenge in cancer genomics. Precise identification and understanding of these altered pathways may provide novel insights into patient stratification, therapeutic strategies and the development of new drugs. However, a challenge remains in accurately identifying pathways altered by somatic mutations across human cancers, due to the diverse mutation spectrum. We developed an innovative approach to integrate somatic mutation data with gene networks and pathways, in order to identify pathways altered by somatic mutations across cancers. Results: We applied our approach to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of somatic mutations in 4790 cancer patients with 19 different types of tumors. Our analysis identified cancer-type-specific altered pathways enriched with known cancer-relevant genes and targets of currently available drugs. To investigate the clinical significance of these altered pathways, we performed consensus clustering for patient stratification using member genes in the altered pathways coupled with gene expression datasets from 4870 patients from TCGA, and multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the altered pathways could be used to stratify patients into subgroups with significantly different clinical outcomes. Of particular significance, certain patient subpopulations with poor prognosis were identified because they had specific altered pathways for which there are available targeted therapies. These findings could be used to tailor and intensify therapy in these patients, for whom current therapy is suboptimal. Availability and implementation: The code is available at: http://www.taehyunlab.org . Contact: jhcheong@yuhs.ac or taehyun.hwang@utsouthwestern.edu or taehyun.cs@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    New delay-dependent robust exponential stability for uncertain stochastic systems with multiple delays based on extended reciprocally convex approach (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: This paper deals with the problem of robust stochastic exponential stability for uncertain stochastic systems with multiple delays. Based on the extended reciprocally convex approach, some novel delay-dependent stability criteria with less conservatism and less decision variables for the addressed system are derived. At last, some numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed results.
    Print ISSN: 0265-0754
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-6887
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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