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  • Articles  (1,014)
  • Transfection
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,014)
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  • Articles  (1,014)
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  • 1
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    NEUROSCIENCE. Natural light-gated anion channels: A family of microbial rhodopsins for advanced optogenetics (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Light-gated rhodopsin cation channels from chlorophyte algae have transformed neuroscience research through their use as membrane-depolarizing optogenetic tools for targeted photoactivation of neuron firing. Photosuppression of neuronal action potentials has been limited by the lack of equally efficient tools for membrane hyperpolarization. We describe anion channel rhodopsins (ACRs), a family of light-gated anion channels from cryptophyte algae that provide highly sensitive and efficient membrane hyperpolarization and neuronal silencing through light-gated chloride conduction. ACRs strictly conducted anions, completely excluding protons and larger cations, and hyperpolarized the membrane of cultured animal cells with much faster kinetics at less than one-thousandth of the light intensity required by the most efficient currently available optogenetic proteins. Natural ACRs provide optogenetic inhibition tools with unprecedented light sensitivity and temporal precision.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764398/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764398/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Govorunova, Elena G -- Sineshchekov, Oleg A -- Janz, Roger -- Liu, Xiaoqin -- Spudich, John L -- R01 GM027750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM027750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21MH098288/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- S10RR022531/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):647-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7484. Epub 2015 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chloride Channels/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Cryptophyta/genetics/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Membrane Potentials/physiology/*radiation effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/physiology/*radiation effects ; Optogenetics/*methods ; Photic Stimulation ; Phylogeny ; Rhodopsins, Microbial/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Conversion of channelrhodopsin into a light-gated chloride channel (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The field of optogenetics uses channelrhodopsins (ChRs) for light-induced neuronal activation. However, optimized tools for cellular inhibition at moderate light levels are lacking. We found that replacement of E90 in the central gate of ChR with positively charged residues produces chloride-conducting ChRs (ChloCs) with only negligible cation conductance. Molecular dynamics modeling unveiled that a high-affinity Cl(-)-binding site had been generated near the gate. Stabilizing the open state dramatically increased the operational light sensitivity of expressing cells (slow ChloC). In CA1 pyramidal cells, ChloCs completely inhibited action potentials triggered by depolarizing current injections or synaptic stimulation. Thus, by inverting the charge of the selectivity filter, we have created a class of directly light-gated anion channels that can be used to block neuronal output in a fully reversible fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wietek, Jonas -- Wiegert, J Simon -- Adeishvili, Nona -- Schneider, Franziska -- Watanabe, Hiroshi -- Tsunoda, Satoshi P -- Vogt, Arend -- Elstner, Marcus -- Oertner, Thomas G -- Hegemann, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):409-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1249375. Epub 2014 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Optical control of muscle function by transplantation of stem cell-derived motor neurons in mice (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Damage to the central nervous system caused by traumatic injury or neurological disorders can lead to permanent loss of voluntary motor function and muscle paralysis. Here, we describe an approach that circumvents central motor circuit pathology to restore specific skeletal muscle function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb muscles but also enabled their function to be restored in a controllable manner using optogenetic stimulation. This synthesis of regenerative medicine and optogenetics may be a successful strategy to restore muscle function after traumatic injury or disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryson, J Barney -- Machado, Carolina Barcellos -- Crossley, Martin -- Stevenson, Danielle -- Bros-Facer, Virginie -- Burrone, Juan -- Greensmith, Linda -- Lieberam, Ivo -- 095589/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0900585/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001234/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/K000608/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248523.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Line ; Electric Stimulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Hindlimb ; Isometric Contraction ; *Light ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neurons/cytology/*physiology/*transplantation ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/*physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; *Optogenetics ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; Sciatic Nerve/physiology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Identification of LRRC8 heteromers as an essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: Regulation of cell volume is critical for many cellular and organismal functions, yet the molecular identity of a key player, the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC, has remained unknown. A genome-wide small interfering RNA screen in mammalian cells identified LRRC8A as a VRAC component. LRRC8A formed heteromers with other LRRC8 multispan membrane proteins. Genomic disruption of LRRC8A ablated VRAC currents. Cells with disruption of all five LRRC8 genes required LRRC8A cotransfection with other LRRC8 isoforms to reconstitute VRAC currents. The isoform combination determined VRAC inactivation kinetics. Taurine flux and regulatory volume decrease also depended on LRRC8 proteins. Our work shows that VRAC defines a class of anion channels, suggests that VRAC is identical to the volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channel VSOAC, and explains the heterogeneity of native VRAC currents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Voss, Felizia K -- Ullrich, Florian -- Munch, Jonas -- Lazarow, Katina -- Lutter, Darius -- Mah, Nancy -- Andrade-Navarro, Miguel A -- von Kries, Jens P -- Stauber, Tobias -- Jentsch, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):634-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252826. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leibniz-Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24790029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agammaglobulinemia/genetics ; *Cell Size ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HCT116 Cells ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Taurine/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Pivotal roles of cGAS-cGAMP signaling in antiviral defense and immune adjuvant effects (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Invasion of microbial DNA into the cytoplasm of animal cells triggers a cascade of host immune reactions that help clear the infection; however, self DNA in the cytoplasm can cause autoimmune diseases. Biochemical approaches led to the identification of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses. Here, we show that cells from cGAS-deficient (cGas(-/-)) mice, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, failed to produce type I interferons and other cytokines in response to DNA transfection or DNA virus infection. cGas(-/-) mice were more susceptible to lethal infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) than wild-type mice. We also show that cGAMP is an adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific T cell activation and antibody production in mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xiao-Dong -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Gao, Daxing -- Wang, Hua -- Sun, Lijun -- Chen, Zhijian J -- 5T32AI070116/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1390-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244040. Epub 2013 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23989956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; DNA, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics ; Interferon-beta/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The human THAP9 gene encodes an active P-element DNA transposase (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: The human genome contains ~50 genes that were derived from transposable elements or transposons, and many are now integral components of cellular gene expression programs. The human THAP9 gene is related to the Drosophila P-element transposase. Here, we show that human THAP9 can mobilize Drosophila P-elements in both Drosophila and human cells. Chimeric proteins formed between the Drosophila P-element transposase N-terminal THAP DNA binding domain and the C-terminal regions of human THAP9 can also mobilize Drosophila P elements. Our results indicate that human THAP9 is an active DNA transposase that, although "domesticated," still retains the catalytic activity to mobilize P transposable elements across species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779457/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779457/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majumdar, Sharmistha -- Singh, Anita -- Rio, Donald C -- R01 GM048862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097352/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM094890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM104385/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM48862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61987/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):446-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/genetics ; Genome, Human ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transfection ; Transposases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The human language-associated gene SRPX2 regulates synapse formation and vocalization in mice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: Synapse formation in the developing brain depends on the coordinated activity of synaptogenic proteins, some of which have been implicated in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we show that the sushi repeat-containing protein X-linked 2 (SRPX2) gene encodes a protein that promotes synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex. In humans, SRPX2 is an epilepsy- and language-associated gene that is a target of the foxhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) transcription factor. We also show that FoxP2 modulates synapse formation through regulating SRPX2 levels and that SRPX2 reduction impairs development of ultrasonic vocalization in mice. Our results suggest FoxP2 modulates the development of neural circuits through regulating synaptogenesis and that SRPX2 is a synaptogenic factor that plays a role in the pathogenesis of language disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3903157/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3903157/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sia, G M -- Clem, R L -- Huganir, R L -- NS050274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS050274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH084020/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50MH084020/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH095058/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):987-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1245079. Epub 2013 Oct 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Epilepsy/genetics ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Language ; Language Disorders/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transfection ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Neurexin and neuroligin mediate retrograde synaptic inhibition in C. elegans (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: The synaptic adhesion molecules neurexin and neuroligin alter the development and function of synapses and are linked to autism in humans. Here, we found that Caenorhabditis elegans neurexin (NRX-1) and neuroligin (NLG-1) mediated a retrograde synaptic signal that inhibited neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Retrograde signaling was induced in mutants lacking a muscle microRNA (miR-1) and was blocked in mutants lacking NLG-1 or NRX-1. Release was rapid and abbreviated when the retrograde signal was on, whereas release was slow and prolonged when retrograde signaling was blocked. The retrograde signal adjusted release kinetics by inhibiting exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that are distal to the site of calcium entry. Inhibition of release was mediated by increased presynaptic levels of tomosyn, an inhibitor of SV fusion.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791080/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791080/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Zhitao -- Hom, Sabrina -- Kudze, Tambudzai -- Tong, Xia-Jing -- Choi, Seungwon -- Aramuni, Gayane -- Zhang, Weiqi -- Kaplan, Joshua M -- NS32196/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS032196/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):980-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1224896. Epub 2012 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*metabolism ; Cholinergic Neurons/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Exocytosis ; Kinetics ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Mutation ; Neural Inhibition ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Radio-wave heating of iron oxide nanoparticles can regulate plasma glucose in mice (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Medical applications of nanotechnology typically focus on drug delivery and biosensors. Here, we combine nanotechnology and bioengineering to demonstrate that nanoparticles can be used to remotely regulate protein production in vivo. We decorated a modified temperature-sensitive channel, TRPV1, with antibody-coated iron oxide nanoparticles that are heated in a low-frequency magnetic field. When local temperature rises, TRPV1 gates calcium to stimulate synthesis and release of bioengineered insulin driven by a Ca(2+)-sensitive promoter. Studying tumor xenografts expressing the bioengineered insulin gene, we show that exposure to radio waves stimulates insulin release from the tumors and lowers blood glucose in mice. We further show that cells can be engineered to synthesize genetically encoded ferritin nanoparticles and inducibly release insulin. These approaches provide a platform for using nanotechnology to activate cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646550/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646550/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanley, Sarah A -- Gagner, Jennifer E -- Damanpour, Shadi -- Yoshida, Mitsukuni -- Dordick, Jonathan S -- Friedman, Jeffrey M -- R01 GM095654/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):604-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1216753.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioengineering ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Epitopes ; *Ferric Compounds ; Ferritins/administration & dosage/genetics/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; *Metal Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/blood/pathology ; PC12 Cells ; *Radio Waves ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Cytosolic DNA induces type I interferons and other cytokines that are important for antimicrobial defense but can also result in autoimmunity. This DNA signaling pathway requires the adaptor protein STING and the transcription factor IRF3, but the mechanism of DNA sensing is unclear. We found that mammalian cytosolic extracts synthesized cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, or cGAMP) in vitro from adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate in the presence of DNA but not RNA. DNA transfection or DNA virus infection of mammalian cells also triggered cGAMP production. cGAMP bound to STING, leading to the activation of IRF3 and induction of interferon-beta. Thus, cGAMP functions as an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855410/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855410/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jiaxi -- Sun, Lijun -- Chen, Xiang -- Du, Fenghe -- Shi, Heping -- Chen, Chuo -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-079554/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079554/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):826-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229963. Epub 2012 Dec 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Extracts/chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Cytosol/*immunology ; DNA/*immunology ; HEK293 Cells ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Second Messenger Systems/*immunology ; Transfection
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  • 11
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    An expanded palette of genetically encoded Ca(2)(+) indicators (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Engineered fluorescent protein (FP) chimeras that modulate their fluorescence in response to changes in calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentration are powerful tools for visualizing intracellular signaling activity. However, despite a decade of availability, the palette of single FP-based Ca(2+) indicators has remained limited to a single green hue. We have expanded this palette by developing blue, improved green, and red intensiometric indicators, as well as an emission ratiometric indicator with an 11,000% ratio change. This series enables improved single-color Ca(2+) imaging in neurons and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. In HeLa cells, Ca(2+) was imaged in three subcellular compartments, and, in conjunction with a cyan FP-yellow FP-based indicator, Ca(2+) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate were simultaneously imaged. This palette of indicators paints the way to a colorful new era of Ca(2+) imaging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560286/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560286/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Yongxin -- Araki, Satoko -- Wu, Jiahui -- Teramoto, Takayuki -- Chang, Yu-Fen -- Nakano, Masahiro -- Abdelfattah, Ahmed S -- Fujiwara, Manabi -- Ishihara, Takeshi -- Nagai, Takeharu -- Campbell, Robert E -- 94487/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- 99085/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1888-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1208592. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Calcium/*analysis ; *Calcium Signaling ; *Directed Molecular Evolution ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Suppression of avian influenza transmission in genetically modified chickens (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Infection of chickens with avian influenza virus poses a global threat to both poultry production and human health that is not adequately controlled by vaccination or by biosecurity measures. A novel alternative strategy is to develop chickens that are genetically resistant to infection. We generated transgenic chickens expressing a short-hairpin RNA designed to function as a decoy that inhibits and blocks influenza virus polymerase and hence interferes with virus propagation. Susceptibility to primary challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and onward transmission dynamics were determined. Although the transgenic birds succumbed to the initial experimental challenge, onward transmission to both transgenic and nontransgenic birds was prevented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyall, Jon -- Irvine, Richard M -- Sherman, Adrian -- McKinley, Trevelyan J -- Nunez, Alejandro -- Purdie, Auriol -- Outtrim, Linzy -- Brown, Ian H -- Rolleston-Smith, Genevieve -- Sang, Helen -- Tiley, Laurence -- BB/G00479X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/00239/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/B/00301/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):223-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1198020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; Chickens/*genetics/virology ; Cloaca/virology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/enzymology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Influenza in Birds/*prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; Oropharynx/virology ; RNA Replicase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    SIRT6 promotes DNA repair under stress by activating PARP1 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a mammalian homolog of the yeast Sir2 deacetylase. Mice deficient for SIRT6 exhibit genome instability. Here, we show that in mammalian cells subjected to oxidative stress SIRT6 is recruited to the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and stimulates DSB repair, through both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination. Our results indicate that SIRT6 physically associates with poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and mono-ADP-ribosylates PARP1 on lysine residue 521, thereby stimulating PARP1 poly-ADP-ribosylase activity and enhancing DSB repair under oxidative stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mao, Zhiyong -- Hine, Christopher -- Tian, Xiao -- Van Meter, Michael -- Au, Matthew -- Vaidya, Amita -- Seluanov, Andrei -- Gorbunova, Vera -- F31 AG041603/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027237/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1443-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1202723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Oxidative Stress ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Point Mutation ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Discovery of a viral NLR homolog that inhibits the inflammasome (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: The NLR (nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat) family of proteins senses microbial infections and activates the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that promotes microbial clearance. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked to several human malignancies. We found that KSHV Orf63 is a viral homolog of human NLRP1. Orf63 blocked NLRP1-dependent innate immune responses, including caspase-1 activation and processing of interleukins IL-1beta and IL-18. KSHV Orf63 interacted with NLRP1, NLRP3, and NOD2. Inhibition of Orf63 expression resulted in increased expression of IL-1beta during the KSHV life cycle. Furthermore, inhibition of NLRP1 was necessary for efficient reactivation and generation of progeny virus. The viral homolog subverts the function of cellular NLRs, which suggests that modulation of NLR-mediated innate immunity is important for the lifelong persistence of herpesviruses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072027/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072027/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregory, Sean M -- Davis, Beckley K -- West, John A -- Taxman, Debra J -- Matsuzawa, Shu-ichi -- Reed, John C -- Ting, Jenny P Y -- Damania, Blossom -- 5R21CA131645/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077437/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI56324/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI91967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA096500/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA156330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DE018281/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- F32-AI78735/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096500/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096500-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE018281/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE018281-05/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):330-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1199478.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Evasion ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammasomes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/virology ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
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  • 15
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    Multi-input RNAi-based logic circuit for identification of specific cancer cells (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Engineered biological systems that integrate multi-input sensing, sophisticated information processing, and precisely regulated actuation in living cells could be useful in a variety of applications. For example, anticancer therapies could be engineered to detect and respond to complex cellular conditions in individual cells with high specificity. Here, we show a scalable transcriptional/posttranscriptional synthetic regulatory circuit--a cell-type "classifier"--that senses expression levels of a customizable set of endogenous microRNAs and triggers a cellular response only if the expression levels match a predetermined profile of interest. We demonstrate that a HeLa cancer cell classifier selectively identifies HeLa cells and triggers apoptosis without affecting non-HeLa cell types. This approach also provides a general platform for programmed responses to other complex cell states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, Zhen -- Wroblewska, Liliana -- Prochazka, Laura -- Weiss, Ron -- Benenson, Yaakov -- 1R01CA155320-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1307-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1205527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; *RNA Interference ; Synthetic Biology/methods ; Transfection ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
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  • 16
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    A synthetic optogenetic transcription device enhances blood-glucose homeostasis in mice (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Synthetic biology has advanced the design of genetic devices that can be used to reprogram metabolic activities in mammalian cells. By functionally linking the signal transduction of melanopsin to the control circuit of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, we have designed a synthetic signaling cascade enabling light-inducible transgene expression in different cell lines grown in culture or bioreactors or implanted into mice. In animals harboring intraperitoneal hollow-fiber or subcutaneous implants containing light-inducible transgenic cells, the serum levels of the human glycoprotein secreted alkaline phosphatase could be remote-controlled with fiber optics or transdermally regulated through direct illumination. Light-controlled expression of the glucagon-like peptide 1 was able to attenuate glycemic excursions in type II diabetic mice. Synthetic light-pulse-transcription converters may have applications in therapeutics and protein expression technology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ye, Haifeng -- Daoud-El Baba, Marie -- Peng, Ren-Wang -- Fussenegger, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1565-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1203535.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Bioreactors ; Blood Glucose/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/*metabolism ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Isoenzymes/genetics/metabolism ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Mice ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Optical Fibers ; Rod Opsins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synthetic Biology/*methods ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transgenes
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  • 17
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    ER tubules mark sites of mitochondrial division (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Mitochondrial structure and distribution are regulated by division and fusion events. Mitochondrial division is regulated by Dnm1/Drp1, a dynamin-related protein that forms helices around mitochondria to mediate fission. Little is known about what determines sites of mitochondrial fission within the mitochondrial network. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria exhibit tightly coupled dynamics and have extensive contacts. We tested whether ER plays a role in mitochondrial division. We found that mitochondrial division occurred at positions where ER tubules contacted mitochondria and mediated constriction before Drp1 recruitment. Thus, ER tubules may play an active role in defining the position of mitochondrial division sites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366560/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366560/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedman, Jonathan R -- Lackner, Laura L -- West, Matthew -- DiBenedetto, Jared R -- Nunnari, Jodi -- Voeltz, Gia K -- GM08759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062942/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083977/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):358-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1207385. Epub 2011 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 18
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    Human cytomegalovirus directly induces the antiviral protein viperin to enhance infectivity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Viperin is an interferon-inducible protein that is directly induced in cells by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Why HCMV would induce viperin, which has antiviral activity, is unknown. We show that HCMV-induced viperin disrupts cellular metabolism to enhance the infectious process. Viperin interaction with the viral protein vMIA resulted in viperin relocalization from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. There, viperin interacted with the mitochondrial trifunctional protein that mediates beta-oxidation of fatty acids to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This interaction with viperin, but not with a mutant lacking the viperin iron-sulfur cluster-binding motif, reduced cellular ATP generation, which resulted in actin cytoskeleton disruption and enhancement of infection. This function of viperin, which was previously attributed to vMIA, suggests that HCMV has coopted viperin to facilitate the infectious process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seo, Jun-Young -- Yaneva, Rakina -- Hinson, Ella R -- Cresswell, Peter -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1093-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1202007. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cytomegalovirus/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immediate-Early Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stress Fibers/ultrastructure ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Histone lysine demethylase JARID1a activates CLOCK-BMAL1 and influences the circadian clock (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: In animals, circadian oscillators are based on a transcription-translation circuit that revolves around the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1. We found that the JumonjiC (JmjC) and ARID domain-containing histone lysine demethylase 1a (JARID1a) formed a complex with CLOCK-BMAL1, which was recruited to the Per2 promoter. JARID1a increased histone acetylation by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1 function and enhanced transcription by CLOCK-BMAL1 in a demethylase-independent manner. Depletion of JARID1a in mammalian cells reduced Per promoter histone acetylation, dampened expression of canonical circadian genes, and shortened the period of circadian rhythms. Drosophila lines with reduced expression of the Jarid1a homolog, lid, had lowered Per expression and similarly altered circadian rhythms. JARID1a thus has a nonredundant role in circadian oscillator function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204309/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204309/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiTacchio, Luciano -- Le, Hiep D -- Vollmers, Christopher -- Hatori, Megumi -- Witcher, Michael -- Secombe, Julie -- Panda, Satchidananda -- DK 091618/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY 16807/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32GM082083/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK091618/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY016807/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027450/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1881-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1206022.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Acetylation ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/*metabolism ; *Circadian Clocks ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Histone Demethylases ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Period Circadian Proteins/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: The prevalent DNA modification in higher organisms is the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is partially converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) family of dioxygenases. Despite their importance in epigenetic regulation, it is unclear how these cytosine modifications are reversed. Here, we demonstrate that 5mC and 5hmC in DNA are oxidized to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) by Tet dioxygenases in vitro and in cultured cells. 5caC is specifically recognized and excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). Depletion of TDG in mouse embyronic stem cells leads to accumulation of 5caC to a readily detectable level. These data suggest that oxidation of 5mC by Tet proteins followed by TDG-mediated base excision of 5caC constitutes a pathway for active DNA demethylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462231/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462231/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Yu-Fei -- Li, Bin-Zhong -- Li, Zheng -- Liu, Peng -- Wang, Yang -- Tang, Qingyu -- Ding, Jianping -- Jia, Yingying -- Chen, Zhangcheng -- Li, Lin -- Sun, Yan -- Li, Xiuxue -- Dai, Qing -- Song, Chun-Xiao -- Zhang, Kangling -- He, Chuan -- Xu, Guo-Liang -- 1S10RR027643-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM071440/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM071440/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027643/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1303-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210944. Epub 2011 Aug 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Group of DNA Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Thymine DNA Glycosylase/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Btbd7 regulates epithelial cell dynamics and branching morphogenesis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: During embryonic development, many organs form by extensive branching of epithelia through the formation of clefts and buds. In cleft formation, buds are delineated by the conversion of epithelial cell-cell adhesions to cell-matrix adhesions, but the mechanisms of cleft formation are not clear. We have identified Btbd7 as a dynamic regulator of branching morphogenesis. Btbd7 provides a mechanistic link between the extracellular matrix and cleft propagation through its highly focal expression leading to local regulation of Snail2 (Slug), E-cadherin, and epithelial cell motility. Inhibition experiments show that Btbd7 is required for branching of embryonic mammalian salivary glands and lungs. Hence, Btbd7 is a regulatory gene that promotes epithelial tissue remodeling and formation of branched organs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412157/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3412157/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onodera, Tomohiro -- Sakai, Takayoshi -- Hsu, Jeff Chi-feng -- Matsumoto, Kazue -- Chiorini, John A -- Yamada, Kenneth M -- ZIA DE000525-20/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):562-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1191880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Dogs ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Fibronectins/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Regulator ; Lung/*embryology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Morphogenesis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Salivary Glands/*embryology/metabolism ; Submandibular Gland/embryology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Glutamine deamidation and dysfunction of ubiquitin/NEDD8 induced by a bacterial effector family (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: A family of bacterial effectors including Cif homolog from Burkholderia pseudomallei (CHBP) and Cif from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adopt a functionally important papain-like hydrolytic fold. We show here that CHBP was a potent inhibitor of the eukaryotic ubiquitination pathway. CHBP acted as a deamidase that specifically and efficiently deamidated Gln40 in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 both in vitro and during Burkholderia infection. Deamidated ubiquitin was impaired in supporting ubiquitin-chain synthesis. Cif selectively deamidated NEDD8, which abolished the activity of neddylated Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Ubiquitination and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of multiple CRL substrates were impaired by Cif in EPEC-infected cells. Mutations of substrate-contacting residues in Cif abolished or attenuated EPEC-induced cytopathic phenotypes of cell cycle arrest and actin stress fiber formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cui, Jixin -- Yao, Qing -- Li, Shan -- Ding, Xiaojun -- Lu, Qiuhe -- Mao, Haibin -- Liu, Liping -- Zheng, Ning -- Chen, She -- Shao, Feng -- R01 CA107134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA107134-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1215-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1193844. Epub 2010 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Beijing Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20688984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Burkholderia/pathogenicity ; Burkholderia pseudomallei/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Glutamine/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Stress Fibers/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin C/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    Genetic reactivation of cone photoreceptors restores visual responses in retinitis pigmentosa (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Retinitis pigmentosa refers to a diverse group of hereditary diseases that lead to incurable blindness, affecting two million people worldwide. As a common pathology, rod photoreceptors die early, whereas light-insensitive, morphologically altered cone photoreceptors persist longer. It is unknown if these cones are accessible for therapeutic intervention. Here, we show that expression of archaebacterial halorhodopsin in light-insensitive cones can substitute for the native phototransduction cascade and restore light sensitivity in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. Resensitized photoreceptors activate all retinal cone pathways, drive sophisticated retinal circuit functions (including directional selectivity), activate cortical circuits, and mediate visually guided behaviors. Using human ex vivo retinas, we show that halorhodopsin can reactivate light-insensitive human photoreceptors. Finally, we identified blind patients with persisting, light-insensitive cones for potential halorhodopsin-based therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busskamp, Volker -- Duebel, Jens -- Balya, David -- Fradot, Mathias -- Viney, Tim James -- Siegert, Sandra -- Groner, Anna C -- Cabuy, Erik -- Forster, Valerie -- Seeliger, Mathias -- Biel, Martin -- Humphries, Peter -- Paques, Michel -- Mohand-Said, Saddek -- Trono, Didier -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Sahel, Jose A -- Picaud, Serge -- Roska, Botond -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):413-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1190897. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neural Circuit Laboratories, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dependovirus/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Halobacteriaceae/genetics ; Halorhodopsins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retina/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/physiopathology/*therapy ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Transfection ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Pathways/physiology
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    Partitioning of histone H3-H4 tetramers during DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: Semiconservative DNA replication ensures the faithful duplication of genetic information during cell divisions. However, how epigenetic information carried by histone modifications propagates through mitotic divisions remains elusive. To address this question, the DNA replication-dependent nucleosome partition pattern must be clarified. Here, we report significant amounts of H3.3-H4 tetramers split in vivo, whereas most H3.1-H4 tetramers remained intact. Inhibiting DNA replication-dependent deposition greatly reduced the level of splitting events, which suggests that (i) the replication-independent H3.3 deposition pathway proceeds largely by cooperatively incorporating two new H3.3-H4 dimers and (ii) the majority of splitting events occurred during replication-dependent deposition. Our results support the idea that "silent" histone modifications within large heterochromatic regions are maintained by copying modifications from neighboring preexisting histones without the need for H3-H4 splitting events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Mo -- Long, Chengzu -- Chen, Xiuzhen -- Huang, Chang -- Chen, She -- Zhu, Bing -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):94-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178994.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aphidicolin/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; *DNA Replication ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; HeLa Cells ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histones/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; S Phase ; Transfection
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    Siah regulation of Pard3A controls neuronal cell adhesion during germinal zone exit (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: The brain's circuitry is established by directed migration and synaptogenesis of neurons during development. Although neurons mature and migrate in specific patterns, little is known about how neurons exit their germinal zone niche. We found that cerebellar granule neuron germinal zone exit is regulated by proteasomal degradation of Pard3A by the Seven in Absentia homolog (Siah) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Pard3A gain of function and Siah loss of function induce precocious radial migration. Time-lapse imaging using a probe to measure neuronal cell contact reveals that Pard3A promotes adhesive interactions needed for germinal zone exit by recruiting the epithelial tight junction adhesion molecule C to the neuronal cell surface. Our findings define a Siah-Pard3A signaling pathway that controls adhesion-dependent exit of neuronal progenitors or immature neurons from a germinal zone niche.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065828/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065828/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Famulski, Jakub K -- Trivedi, Niraj -- Howell, Danielle -- Yang, Yuan -- Tong, Yiai -- Gilbertson, Richard -- Solecki, David J -- P01 CA096832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA096832-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765-33/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129541/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129541-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1834-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1198480. Epub 2010 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Cerebellum/*cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Mechanical stimuli drive many physiological processes, including touch and pain sensation, hearing, and blood pressure regulation. Mechanically activated (MA) cation channel activities have been recorded in many cells, but the responsible molecules have not been identified. We characterized a rapidly adapting MA current in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. Expression profiling and RNA interference knockdown of candidate genes identified Piezo1 (Fam38A) to be required for MA currents in these cells. Piezo1 and related Piezo2 (Fam38B) are vertebrate multipass transmembrane proteins with homologs in invertebrates, plants, and protozoa. Overexpression of mouse Piezo1 or Piezo2 induced two kinetically distinct MA currents. Piezos are expressed in several tissues, and knockdown of Piezo2 in dorsal root ganglia neurons specifically reduced rapidly adapting MA currents. We propose that Piezos are components of MA cation channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062430/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062430/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coste, Bertrand -- Mathur, Jayanti -- Schmidt, Manuela -- Earley, Taryn J -- Ranade, Sanjeev -- Petrus, Matt J -- Dubin, Adrienne E -- Patapoutian, Ardem -- DE016927/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- NS046303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046303-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):55-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1193270. Epub 2010 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cations/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Ion Channels/analysis/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pressure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Transfection
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    Reprogramming cellular behavior with RNA controllers responsive to endogenous proteins (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: Synthetic genetic devices that interface with native cellular pathways can be used to change natural networks to implement new forms of control and behavior. The engineering of gene networks has been limited by an inability to interface with native components. We describe a class of RNA control devices that overcome these limitations by coupling increased abundance of particular proteins to targeted gene expression events through the regulation of alternative RNA splicing. We engineered RNA devices that detect signaling through the nuclear factor kappaB and Wnt signaling pathways in human cells and rewire these pathways to produce new behaviors, thereby linking disease markers to noninvasive sensing and reprogrammed cellular fates. Our work provides a genetic platform that can build programmable sensing-actuation devices enabling autonomous control over cellular behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3171693/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3171693/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culler, Stephanie J -- Hoff, Kevin G -- Smolke, Christina D -- RC1 GM091298/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091298-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091298-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1251-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1192128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Apoptosis ; Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Capsid Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Exons ; Ganciclovir/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Engineering ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Introns ; Ligands ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics ; Transcription Factor RelA/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
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    Local and long-range reciprocal regulation of cAMP and cGMP in axon/dendrite formation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: Cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) often mediate antagonistic cellular actions of extracellular factors, from the regulation of ion channels to cell volume control and axon guidance. We found that localized cAMP and cGMP activities in undifferentiated neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons promote and suppress axon formation, respectively, and exert opposite effects on dendrite formation. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging showed that alterations of the amount of cAMP resulted in opposite changes in the amount of cGMP, and vice versa, through the activation of specific phosphodiesterases and protein kinases. Local elevation of cAMP in one neurite resulted in cAMP reduction in all other neurites of the same neuron. Thus, local and long-range reciprocal regulation of cAMP and cGMP together ensures coordinated development of one axon and multiple dendrites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shelly, Maya -- Lim, Byung Kook -- Cancedda, Laura -- Heilshorn, Sarah C -- Gao, Hongfeng -- Poo, Mu-ming -- NS-22764/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):547-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1179735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism/*physiology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Humans ; Neurites/metabolism/physiology ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A Vibrio effector protein is an inositol phosphatase and disrupts host cell membrane integrity (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis in humans and encodes the type III effector protein VPA0450, which contributes to host cell death caused by autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. We found that VPA0450 is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that hydrolyzed the D5 phosphate from the plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. VPA0450 disrupted cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of membranes of human cells and caused plasma membrane blebbing, which compromised membrane integrity and probably contributed to cell death by facilitating lysis. Thus, bacterial pathogens can disrupt adaptor protein-binding sites required for proper membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics by altering the homeostasis of membrane-bound inositol-signaling molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broberg, Christopher A -- Zhang, Lingling -- Gonzalez, Herman -- Laskowski-Arce, Michelle A -- Orth, Kim -- 5T32GM008203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI056404/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI087808/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1660-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1192850. Epub 2010 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Autophagy ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Shape ; Computational Biology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*enzymology/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The calcium store sensor, STIM1, reciprocally controls Orai and CaV1.2 channels (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Calcium signals, pivotal in controlling cell function, can be generated by calcium entry channels activated by plasma membrane depolarization or depletion of internal calcium stores. We reveal a regulatory link between these two channel subtypes mediated by the ubiquitous calcium-sensing STIM proteins. STIM1 activation by store depletion or mutational modification strongly suppresses voltage-operated calcium (Ca(V)1.2) channels while activating store-operated Orai channels. Both actions are mediated by the short STIM-Orai activating region (SOAR) of STIM1. STIM1 interacts with Ca(V)1.2 channels and localizes within discrete endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane junctions containing both Ca(V)1.2 and Orai1 channels. Hence, STIM1 interacts with and reciprocally controls two major calcium channels hitherto thought to operate independently. Such coordinated control of the widely expressed Ca(V)1.2 and Orai channels has major implications for Ca(2+) signal generation in excitable and nonexcitable cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Youjun -- Deng, Xiaoxiang -- Mancarella, Salvatore -- Hendron, Eunan -- Eguchi, Satoru -- Soboloff, Jonathan -- Tang, Xiang D -- Gill, Donald L -- AI058173/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL55426/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058173/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL055426/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):105-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A septin diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium maintains ciliary membrane protein distribution (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: In animal cells, the primary cilium transduces extracellular signals through signaling receptors localized in the ciliary membrane, but how these ciliary membrane proteins are retained in the cilium is unknown. We found that ciliary membrane proteins were highly mobile, but their diffusion was impeded at the base of the cilium by a diffusion barrier. Septin 2 (SEPT2), a member of the septin family of guanosine triphosphatases that form a diffusion barrier in budding yeast, localized at the base of the ciliary membrane. SEPT2 depletion resulted in loss of ciliary membrane protein localization and Sonic hedgehog signal transduction, and inhibited ciliogenesis. Thus, SEPT2 is part of a diffusion barrier at the base of the ciliary membrane and is essential for retaining receptor-signaling pathways in the primary cilium.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092790/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092790/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Qicong -- Milenkovic, Ljiljana -- Jin, Hua -- Scott, Matthew P -- Nachury, Maxence V -- Spiliotis, Elias T -- Nelson, W James -- GM089933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM35527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM035527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM035527-27/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):436-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191054. Epub 2010 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axoneme/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cilia/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism ; Septins ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    MiR-33 contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated at the cellular level. Here we show that miR-33, an intronic microRNA (miRNA) located within the gene encoding sterol-regulatory element-binding factor-2 (SREBF-2), a transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis, modulates the expression of genes involved in cellular cholesterol transport. In mouse and human cells, miR-33 inhibits the expression of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCA1, thereby attenuating cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A1. In mouse macrophages, miR-33 also targets ABCG1, reducing cholesterol efflux to nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Lentiviral delivery of miR-33 to mice represses ABCA1 expression in the liver, reducing circulating HDL levels. Conversely, silencing of miR-33 in vivo increases hepatic expression of ABCA1 and plasma HDL levels. Thus, miR-33 appears to regulate both HDL biogenesis in the liver and cellular cholesterol efflux.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3114628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3114628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rayner, Katey J -- Suarez, Yajaira -- Davalos, Alberto -- Parathath, Saj -- Fitzgerald, Michael L -- Tamehiro, Norimasa -- Fisher, Edward A -- Moore, Kathryn J -- Fernandez-Hernando, Carlos -- 1P30HL101270-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HL101270/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020255/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020255-09/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG02055/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01HL074136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL084312/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1570-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1189862. Epub 2010 May 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/genetics/metabolism ; Introns ; Lipoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
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    A unifying genetic model for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy in adults that is foremost characterized by progressive wasting of muscles in the upper body. FSHD is associated with contraction of D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats on chromosome 4q35, but this contraction is pathogenic only in certain "permissive" chromosomal backgrounds. Here, we show that FSHD patients carry specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the chromosomal region distal to the last D4Z4 repeat. This FSHD-predisposing configuration creates a canonical polyadenylation signal for transcripts derived from DUX4, a double homeobox gene of unknown function that straddles the last repeat unit and the adjacent sequence. Transfection studies revealed that DUX4 transcripts are efficiently polyadenylated and are more stable when expressed from permissive chromosomes. These findings suggest that FSHD arises through a toxic gain of function attributable to the stabilized distal DUX4 transcript.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemmers, Richard J L F -- van der Vliet, Patrick J -- Klooster, Rinse -- Sacconi, Sabrina -- Camano, Pilar -- Dauwerse, Johannes G -- Snider, Lauren -- Straasheijm, Kirsten R -- van Ommen, Gert Jan -- Padberg, George W -- Miller, Daniel G -- Tapscott, Stephen J -- Tawil, Rabi -- Frants, Rune R -- van der Maarel, Silvere M -- P01 NS069539/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01NS069539/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1650-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1189044. Epub 2010 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/*genetics ; Polyadenylation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Young Adult
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    Human-restricted bacterial pathogens block shedding of epithelial cells by stimulating integrin activation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Colonization of mucosal surfaces is the key initial step in most bacterial infections. One mechanism protecting the mucosa is the rapid shedding of epithelial cells, also termed exfoliation, but it is unclear how pathogens counteract this process. We found that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-binding bacteria colonized the urogenital tract of CEA transgenic mice, but not of wild-type mice, by suppressing exfoliation of mucosal cells. CEA binding triggered de novo expression of the transforming growth factor receptor CD105, changing focal adhesion composition and activating beta1 integrins. This manipulation of integrin inside-out signaling promotes efficient mucosal colonization and represents a potential target to prevent or cure bacterial infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muenzner, Petra -- Bachmann, Verena -- Zimmermann, Wolfgang -- Hentschel, Jochen -- Hauck, Christof R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1197-201. doi: 10.1126/science.1190892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universitat Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology/*pathology ; Female ; Focal Adhesions ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Gonorrhea/*microbiology ; Humans ; Integrin beta Chains/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mucous Membrane/microbiology ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Vagina/cytology/*microbiology/pathology ; Zyxin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Orc1 controls centriole and centrosome copy number in human cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles, organize microtubules in animal cells, particularly during mitosis. DNA and centrosomes are normally duplicated once before cell division to maintain optimal genome integrity. We report a new role for the Orc1 protein, a subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that is a key component of the DNA replication licensing machinery, in controlling centriole and centrosome copy number in human cells, independent of its role in DNA replication. Cyclin A promotes Orc1 localization to centrosomes where Orc1 prevents Cyclin E-dependent reduplication of both centrioles and centrosomes in a single cell division cycle. The data suggest that Orc1 is a regulator of centriole and centrosome reduplication as well as the initiation of DNA replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653626/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653626/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hemerly, Adriana S -- Prasanth, Supriya G -- Siddiqui, Khalid -- Stillman, Bruce -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-310025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-36/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-370025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):789-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1166745.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor 11724, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Centrioles/*physiology ; Centrosome/*physiology ; Cyclin A/metabolism ; Cyclin E/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Origin Recognition Complex/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pulsatile stimulation determines timing and specificity of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-kappaB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-kappaB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at various intervals to mimic pulsatile inflammatory signals. At all pulse intervals that were analyzed, we observed synchronous cycles of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Lower frequency stimulations gave repeated full-amplitude translocations, whereas higher frequency pulses gave reduced translocation, indicating a failure to reset. Deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity. Altering the stimulation intervals gave different patterns of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, which supports the idea that oscillation frequency has a functional role.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashall, Louise -- Horton, Caroline A -- Nelson, David E -- Paszek, Pawel -- Harper, Claire V -- Sillitoe, Kate -- Ryan, Sheila -- Spiller, David G -- Unitt, John F -- Broomhead, David S -- Kell, Douglas B -- Rand, David A -- See, Violaine -- White, Michael R H -- BB/C007158/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C008219/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C520471/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D010748/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004210/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E012965/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F005938/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0071581/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0082191/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC5204711/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBD0107481/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBF0059381/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346(73596)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stress-inducible regulation of heat shock factor 1 by the deacetylase SIRT1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for protecting cells from protein-damaging stress associated with misfolded proteins and regulates the insulin-signaling pathway and aging. Here, we show that human HSF1 is inducibly acetylated at a critical residue that negatively regulates DNA binding activity. Activation of the deacetylase and longevity factor SIRT1 prolonged HSF1 binding to the heat shock promoter Hsp70 by maintaining HSF1 in a deacetylated, DNA-binding competent state. Conversely, down-regulation of SIRT1 accelerated the attenuation of the heat shock response (HSR) and release of HSF1 from its cognate promoter elements. These results provide a mechanistic basis for the requirement of HSF1 in the regulation of life span and establish a role for SIRT1 in protein homeostasis and the HSR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429349/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429349/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westerheide, Sandy D -- Anckar, Julius -- Stevens, Stanley M Jr -- Sistonen, Lea -- Morimoto, Richard I -- R01 AG026647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1063-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1165946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Stress, Psychological ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    HDAC4 regulates neuronal survival in normal and diseased retinas (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and serves as a nuclear co-repressor that regulates bone and muscle development. We report that HDAC4 regulates the survival of retinal neurons in the mouse in normal and pathological conditions. Reduction in HDAC4 expression during normal retinal development led to apoptosis of rod photoreceptors and bipolar (BP) interneurons, whereas overexpression reduced naturally occurring cell death of the BP cells. HDAC4 overexpression in a mouse model of retinal degeneration prolonged photoreceptor survival. The survival effect was due to the activity of HDAC4 in the cytoplasm and relied at least partly on the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha). These data provide evidence that HDAC4 plays an important role in promoting the survival of retinal neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339762/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339762/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Bo -- Cepko, Constance L -- EYO 14466/PHS HHS/ -- R01 EY014466/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014466-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bochen@genetics.med.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; Electroporation ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Retina/cytology/*enzymology ; Retinal Degeneration/*enzymology/pathology ; Retinal Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/enzymology/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    KLF family members regulate intrinsic axon regeneration ability (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) lose their ability to regenerate early in development, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. By screening genes developmentally regulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we identified Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4) as a transcriptional repressor of axon growth in RGCs and other CNS neurons. RGCs lacking KLF4 showed increased axon growth both in vitro and after optic nerve injury in vivo. Related KLF family members suppressed or enhanced axon growth to differing extents, and several growth-suppressive KLFs were up-regulated postnatally, whereas growth-enhancing KLFs were down-regulated. Thus, coordinated activities of different KLFs regulate the regenerative capacity of CNS neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Darcie L -- Blackmore, Murray G -- Hu, Ying -- Kaestner, Klaus H -- Bixby, John L -- Lemmon, Vance P -- Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- P30 EY014801/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007459/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS07492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):298-301. doi: 10.1126/science.1175737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Crush ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Optic Nerve Injuries/physiopathology ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: DNA cytosine methylation is crucial for retrotransposon silencing and mammalian development. In a computational search for enzymes that could modify 5-methylcytosine (5mC), we identified TET proteins as mammalian homologs of the trypanosome proteins JBP1 and JBP2, which have been proposed to oxidize the 5-methyl group of thymine. We show here that TET1, a fusion partner of the MLL gene in acute myeloid leukemia, is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in cultured cells and in vitro. hmC is present in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells, and hmC levels decrease upon RNA interference-mediated depletion of TET1. Thus, TET proteins have potential roles in epigenetic regulation through modification of 5mC to hmC.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715015/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715015/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tahiliani, Mamta -- Koh, Kian Peng -- Shen, Yinghua -- Pastor, William A -- Bandukwala, Hozefa -- Brudno, Yevgeny -- Agarwal, Suneet -- Iyer, Lakshminarayan M -- Liu, David R -- Aravind, L -- Rao, Anjana -- AI44432/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL089150/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065865/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065865-05A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM065865/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):930-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1170116. Epub 2009 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Immune Disease Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Sequence Alignment ; Transfection
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    Input-specific spine entry of soma-derived Vesl-1S protein conforms to synaptic tagging (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Late-phase synaptic plasticity depends on the synthesis of new proteins that must function only in the activated synapses. The synaptic tag hypothesis requires input-specific functioning of these proteins after undirected transport. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires specification of a biochemical tagging activity and an example protein that behaves as the hypothesis predicts. We found that in rat neurons, soma-derived Vesl-1S (Homer-1a) protein, a late-phase plasticity-related synaptic protein, prevailed in every dendrite and did not enter spines. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation triggered input-specific spine entry of Vesl-1S proteins, which met many criteria for synaptic tagging. These results suggest that Vesl-1S supports the hypothesis and that the activity-dependent regulation of spine entry functions as a synaptic tag.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Daisuke -- Ozawa, Fumiko -- Inokuchi, Kaoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):904-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1171498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan. dada@mitils.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/*metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Plasmids ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection
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    Two chemoreceptors mediate developmental effects of dauer pheromone in C. elegans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: Intraspecific chemical communication is mediated by signals called pheromones. Caenorhabditis elegans secretes a mixture of small molecules (collectively termed dauer pheromone) that regulates entry into the alternate dauer larval stage and also modulates adult behavior via as yet unknown receptors. Here, we identify two heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate dauer formation in response to a subset of dauer pheromone components. The SRBC-64 and SRBC-66 GPCRs are members of the large Caenorhabditis-specific SRBC subfamily and are expressed in the ASK chemosensory neurons, which are required for pheromone-induced dauer formation. Expression of both, but not each receptor alone, confers pheromone-mediated effects on heterologous cells. Identification of dauer pheromone receptors will allow a better understanding of the signaling cascades that transduce the context-dependent effects of ecologically important chemical signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Kyuhyung -- Sato, Koji -- Shibuya, Mayumi -- Zeiger, Danna M -- Butcher, Rebecca A -- Ragains, Justin R -- Clardy, Jon -- Touhara, Kazushige -- Sengupta, Piali -- F32 GM077943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS045713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS45713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA024487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA24487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM56223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):994-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1176331. Epub 2009 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chemoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Hexoses/chemistry/physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Norbin is an endogenous regulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is highly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in multiple physiological functions and is a target for treatment of various CNS disorders, including schizophrenia. We report that Norbin, a neuron-specific protein, physically interacts with mGluR5 in vivo, increases the cell surface localization of the receptor, and positively regulates mGluR5 signaling. Genetic deletion of Norbin attenuates mGluR5-dependent stable changes in synaptic function measured as long-term depression or long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. As with mGluR5 knockout mice or mice treated with mGluR5-selective antagonists, Norbin knockout mice showed a behavioral phenotype associated with a rodent model of schizophrenia, as indexed by alterations both in sensorimotor gating and psychotomimetic-induced locomotor activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796550/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796550/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Hong -- Westin, Linda -- Nong, Yi -- Birnbaum, Shari -- Bendor, Jacob -- Brismar, Hjalmar -- Nestler, Eric -- Aperia, Anita -- Flajolet, Marc -- Greengard, Paul -- DA 10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH074866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH66172/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-020002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-030002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-040002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-050002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-06/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-060002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-07/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-070002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-08/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-080002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-090002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-10/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-100002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-110005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-12/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-120005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-129002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-13/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-130005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-139002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-140005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-149002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14S10005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14S19002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-010001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-020001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-030001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-039001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-040001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-050001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1554-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178496.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics/*metabolism ; Reflex, Startle ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection
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    Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Reprogramming differentiated human cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has applications in basic biology, drug development, and transplantation. Human iPS cell derivation previously required vectors that integrate into the genome, which can create mutations and limit the utility of the cells in both research and clinical applications. We describe the derivation of human iPS cells with the use of nonintegrating episomal vectors. After removal of the episome, iPS cells completely free of vector and transgene sequences are derived that are similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in proliferative and developmental potential. These results demonstrate that reprogramming human somatic cells does not require genomic integration or the continued presence of exogenous reprogramming factors and removes one obstacle to the clinical application of human iPS cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2758053/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2758053/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Junying -- Hu, Kejin -- Smuga-Otto, Kim -- Tian, Shulan -- Stewart, Ron -- Slukvin, Igor I -- Thomson, James A -- P01 GM081629/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM081629-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000167/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):797-801. doi: 10.1126/science.1172482. Epub 2009 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA. jyyu2008@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Clone Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; *Plasmids ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection ; *Transgenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nuclear hormone receptor regulation of microRNAs controls developmental progression (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: In response to small-molecule signals such as retinoids or steroids, nuclear receptors activate gene expression to regulate development in different tissues. MicroRNAs turn off target gene expression within cells by binding complementary regions in messenger RNA transcripts, and they have been broadly implicated in development and disease. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear receptor DAF-12 and its steroidal ligand directly activate promoters of let-7 microRNA family members to down-regulate the microRNA target hbl-1, which drives progression of epidermal stem cells from second to third larval stage patterns of cell division. Conversely, the receptor without the ligand represses microRNA expression during developmental arrest. These findings identify microRNAs as components of a hormone-coupled molecular switch that shuts off earlier developmental programs to allow for later ones.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757405/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757405/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bethke, Axel -- Fielenbach, Nicole -- Wang, Zhu -- Mangelsdorf, David J -- Antebi, Adam -- GM077201/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077201/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077201-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):95-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1164899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cholestenes/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Humans ; Ligands ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Helminth/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*metabolism ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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    Recombination of retrotransposon and exogenous RNA virus results in nonretroviral cDNA integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: Retroviruses have the potential to acquire host cell-derived genetic material during reverse transcription and can integrate into the genomes of larger, more complex DNA viruses. In contrast, RNA viruses were believed not to integrate into the host's genome under any circumstances. We found that illegitimate recombination between an exogenous nonretroviral RNA virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and the endogenous intracisternal A-type particle (IAP) retrotransposon occurred and led to reverse transcription of exogenous viral RNA. The resulting complementary DNA was integrated into the host's genome with an IAP element. Thus, RNA viruses should be closely scrutinized for any capacity to interact with endogenous retroviral elements before their approval for therapeutic use in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geuking, Markus B -- Weber, Jacqueline -- Dewannieux, Marie -- Gorelik, Elieser -- Heidmann, Thierry -- Hengartner, Hans -- Zinkernagel, Rolf M -- Hangartner, Lars -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):393-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1167375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. geuking@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/virology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary/*genetics ; Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle/*genetics ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Reverse Transcription ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; *Virus Integration
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    HIN-200 proteins regulate caspase activation in response to foreign cytoplasmic DNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: The mammalian innate immune system is activated by foreign nucleic acids. Detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers characteristic antiviral responses and macrophage cell death. Cytoplasmic dsDNA rapidly activated caspase 3 and caspase 1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. We identified the HIN-200 family member and candidate lupus susceptibility factor, p202, as a dsDNA binding protein that bound stably and rapidly to transfected DNA. Knockdown studies showed p202 to be an inhibitor of DNA-induced caspase activation. Conversely, the related pyrin domain-containing HIN-200 factor, AIM2 (p210), was required for caspase activation by cytoplasmic dsDNA. This work indicates that HIN-200 proteins can act as pattern recognition receptors mediating responses to cytoplasmic dsDNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Tara L -- Idris, Adi -- Dunn, Jasmyn A -- Kelly, Greg M -- Burnton, Carol M -- Hodgson, Samantha -- Hardy, Lani L -- Garceau, Valerie -- Sweet, Matthew J -- Ross, Ian L -- Hume, David A -- Stacey, Katryn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1057-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1169841. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspase 1/*metabolism ; Caspase 3/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA/immunology/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/*metabolism ; Symporters ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mutations in FUS, an RNA processing protein, cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is familial in 10% of cases. We have identified a missense mutation in the gene encoding fused in sarcoma (FUS) in a British kindred, linked to ALS6. In a survey of 197 familial ALS index cases, we identified two further missense mutations in eight families. Postmortem analysis of three cases with FUS mutations showed FUS-immunoreactive cytoplasmic inclusions and predominantly lower motor neuron degeneration. Cellular expression studies revealed aberrant localization of mutant FUS protein. FUS is involved in the regulation of transcription and RNA splicing and transport, and it has functional homology to another ALS gene, TARDBP, which suggests that a common mechanism may underlie motor neuron degeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vance, Caroline -- Rogelj, Boris -- Hortobagyi, Tibor -- De Vos, Kurt J -- Nishimura, Agnes Lumi -- Sreedharan, Jemeen -- Hu, Xun -- Smith, Bradley -- Ruddy, Deborah -- Wright, Paul -- Ganesalingam, Jeban -- Williams, Kelly L -- Tripathi, Vineeta -- Al-Saraj, Safa -- Al-Chalabi, Ammar -- Leigh, P Nigel -- Blair, Ian P -- Nicholson, Garth -- de Belleroche, Jackie -- Gallo, Jean-Marc -- Miller, Christopher C -- Shaw, Christopher E -- 078662/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0300329/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500289/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501573/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600676/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900688/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_G1000733/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1208-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1165942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; *Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS/analysis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Transfection
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    A recessive mutation in the APP gene with dominant-negative effect on amyloidogenesis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: beta-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease with nearly complete penetrance. We found an APP mutation [alanine-673--〉valine-673 (A673V)] that causes disease only in the homozygous state, whereas heterozygous carriers were unaffected, consistent with a recessive Mendelian trait of inheritance. The A673V mutation affected APP processing, resulting in enhanced beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and formation of amyloid fibrils in vitro. Co-incubation of mutated and wild-type peptides conferred instability on Abeta aggregates and inhibited amyloidogenesis and neurotoxicity. The highly amyloidogenic effect of the A673V mutation in the homozygous state and its anti-amyloidogenic effect in the heterozygous state account for the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and have implications for genetic screening and the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Fede, Giuseppe -- Catania, Marcella -- Morbin, Michela -- Rossi, Giacomina -- Suardi, Silvia -- Mazzoleni, Giulia -- Merlin, Marco -- Giovagnoli, Anna Rita -- Prioni, Sara -- Erbetta, Alessandra -- Falcone, Chiara -- Gobbi, Marco -- Colombo, Laura -- Bastone, Antonio -- Beeg, Marten -- Manzoni, Claudia -- Francescucci, Bruna -- Spagnoli, Alberto -- Cantu, Laura -- Del Favero, Elena -- Levy, Efrat -- Salmona, Mario -- Tagliavini, Fabrizio -- NS42029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1473-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1168979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurology and Neuropathology, "Carlo Besta" National Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dementia/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Transfection
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    ERdj5 is required as a disulfide reductase for degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Membrane and secretory proteins cotranslationally enter and are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Misfolded or unassembled proteins are discarded by a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves their retrotranslocation into the cytosol. ERAD substrates frequently contain disulfide bonds that must be cleaved before their retrotranslocation. Here, we found that an ER-resident protein ERdj5 had a reductase activity, cleaved the disulfide bonds of misfolded proteins, and accelerated ERAD through its physical and functional associations with EDEM (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein) and an ER-resident chaperone BiP. Thus, ERdj5 is a member of a supramolecular ERAD complex that recognizes and unfolds misfolded proteins for their efficient retrotranslocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ushioda, Ryo -- Hoseki, Jun -- Araki, Kazutaka -- Jansen, Gregor -- Thomas, David Y -- Nagata, Kazuhiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):569-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1159293.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione)/metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/chemistry/metabolism
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    Evidence for editing of human papillomavirus DNA by APOBEC3 in benign and precancerous lesions (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Cytidine deaminases of the APOBEC3 family all have specificity for single-stranded DNA, which may become exposed during replication or transcription of double-stranded DNA. Three human APOBEC3A (hA3A), hA3B, and hA3H genes are expressed in keratinocytes and skin, leading us to determine whether genetic editing of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA occurred. In a study of HPV1a plantar warts and HPV16 precancerous cervical biopsies, hyperedited HPV1a and HPV16 genomes were found. Strictly analogous results were obtained from transfection experiments with HPV plasmid DNA and the three nuclear localized enzymes: hA3A, hA3C, and hA3H. Thus, stochastic or transient overexpression of APOBEC3 genes may expose the genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that could influence the development of tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vartanian, Jean-Pierre -- Guetard, Denise -- Henry, Michel -- Wain-Hobson, Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):230-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1153201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue de Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Cytidine/metabolism ; Cytosine Deaminase/*metabolism ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; DNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Human papillomavirus 16/*genetics ; Humans ; Mupapillomavirus/*genetics ; Mutation ; Papillomavirus Infections/enzymology/virology ; Precancerous Conditions/enzymology/*virology ; Transfection ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/enzymology/*virology ; Warts/enzymology/*virology
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    Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Bernuth, Horst -- Picard, Capucine -- Jin, Zhongbo -- Pankla, Rungnapa -- Xiao, Hui -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Chrabieh, Maya -- Mustapha, Imen Ben -- Ghandil, Pegah -- Camcioglu, Yildiz -- Vasconcelos, Julia -- Sirvent, Nicolas -- Guedes, Margarida -- Vitor, Artur Bonito -- Herrero-Mata, Maria Jose -- Arostegui, Juan Ignacio -- Rodrigo, Carlos -- Alsina, Laia -- Ruiz-Ortiz, Estibaliz -- Juan, Manel -- Fortuny, Claudia -- Yague, Jordi -- Anton, Jordi -- Pascal, Mariona -- Chang, Huey-Hsuan -- Janniere, Lucile -- Rose, Yoann -- Garty, Ben-Zion -- Chapel, Helen -- Issekutz, Andrew -- Marodi, Laszlo -- Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos -- Banchereau, Jacques -- Abel, Laurent -- Li, Xiaoxia -- Chaussabel, Damien -- Puel, Anne -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- U19 AI057234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057234-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AIO57234-02/PHS HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):691-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1158298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U550, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections/*genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Pneumococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Pseudomonas Infections/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Reversible compartmentalization of de novo purine biosynthetic complexes in living cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Purines are synthesized de novo in 10 chemical steps that are catalyzed by six enzymes in eukaryotes. Studies in vitro have provided little evidence of anticipated protein-protein interactions that would enable substrate channeling and regulation of the metabolic flux. We applied fluorescence microscopy to HeLa cells and discovered that all six enzymes colocalize to form clusters in the cellular cytoplasm. The association and dissociation of these enzyme clusters can be regulated dynamically, by either changing the purine levels of or adding exogenous agents to the culture media. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence for the formation of a multi-enzyme complex, the "purinosome," to carry out de novo purine biosynthesis in cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉An, Songon -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Sheets, Erin D -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- R21 AG030949/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R21 AG030949-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):103-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1152241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sua13@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azaserine/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm/*enzymology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Multienzyme Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoribosylglycinamide Formyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The serine protease TMPRSS6 is required to sense iron deficiency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Hepcidin, a liver-derived protein that restricts enteric iron absorption, is the key regulator of body iron content. Several proteins induce expression of the hepcidin-encoding gene Hamp in response to infection or high levels of iron. However, mechanism(s) of Hamp suppression during iron depletion are poorly understood. We describe mask: a recessive, chemically induced mutant mouse phenotype, characterized by progressive loss of body (but not facial) hair and microcytic anemia. The mask phenotype results from reduced absorption of dietary iron caused by high levels of hepcidin and is due to a splicing defect in the transmembrane serine protease 6 gene Tmprss6. Overexpression of normal TMPRSS6 protein suppresses activation of the Hamp promoter, and the TMPRSS6 cytoplasmic domain mediates Hamp suppression via proximal promoter element(s). TMPRSS6 is an essential component of a pathway that detects iron deficiency and blocks Hamp transcription, permitting enhanced dietary iron absorption.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Xin -- She, Ellen -- Gelbart, Terri -- Truksa, Jaroslav -- Lee, Pauline -- Xia, Yu -- Khovananth, Kevin -- Mudd, Suzanne -- Mann, Navjiwan -- Moresco, Eva Marie Y -- Beutler, Ernest -- Beutler, Bruce -- AI054523/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK53505-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053505-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI054523/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI054523-019005/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1088-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1157121. Epub 2008 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Macrocytic/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepcidins ; Humans ; Iron/blood/*deficiency/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human fibroblasts by the retroviral transduction of four transcription factors. However, the cell origins and molecular mechanisms of iPS cell induction remain elusive. This report describes the generation of iPS cells from adult mouse hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. These iPS cell clones appear to be equivalent to embryonic stem cells in gene expression and are competent to generate germline chimeras. Genetic lineage tracings show that liver-derived iPS cells are derived from albumin-expressing cells. No common retroviral integration sites are found among multiple clones. These data suggest that iPS cells are generated by direct reprogramming of lineage-committed somatic cells and that retroviral integration into specific sites is not required.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aoi, Takashi -- Yae, Kojiro -- Nakagawa, Masato -- Ichisaka, Tomoko -- Okita, Keisuke -- Takahashi, Kazutoshi -- Chiba, Tsutomu -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):699-702. doi: 10.1126/science.1154884. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; Clone Cells ; Culture Media ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Gastric Mucosa/*cytology ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection ; Virus Integration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Beta-arrestin-mediated localization of smoothened to the primary cilium (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: beta-Arrestins have important roles in the regulation of seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs). Smoothened (Smo) is a 7TMR that mediates effects of Hedgehog on developmental processes and whose dysregulation may cause tumorigenesis. beta-Arrestins are required for endocytosis of Smo and signaling to Gli transcription factors. In mammalian cells, Smo-dependent signaling requires translocation to primary cilia. We demonstrated that beta-arrestins mediate the activity-dependent interaction of Smo and the kinesin motor protein Kif3A. This multimeric complex localized to primary cilia and was disrupted in cells transfected with beta-arrestin small interfering RNA. beta-Arrestin 1 or beta-arrestin 2 depletion prevented the localization of Smo to primary cilia and the Smo-dependent activation of Gli. These results suggest roles for beta-arrestins in mediating the intracellular transport of a 7TMR to its obligate subcellular location for signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587210/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2587210/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, Jeffrey J -- Whalen, Erin J -- Liu, Renshui -- Xiao, Kunhong -- Kim, Jihee -- Chen, Minyong -- Wang, Jiangbo -- Chen, Wei -- Lefkowitz, Robert J -- 5R01 CA113656-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5T32 AI007217-25/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70631/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113656/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113656-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113656-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL016037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL016037-35/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070631/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070631-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007217/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007217-25/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007217-26/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1777-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1157983. Epub 2008 May 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Kinesin/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Protein Transport ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Midbody targeting of the ESCRT machinery by a noncanonical coiled coil in CEP55 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery is required for the scission of membrane necks in processes including the budding of HIV-1 and cytokinesis. An essential step in cytokinesis is recruitment of the ESCRT-I complex and the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX to the midbody (the structure that tethers two daughter cells) by the protein CEP55. Biochemical experiments show that peptides from ALIX and the ESCRT-I subunit TSG101 compete for binding to the ESCRT and ALIX-binding region (EABR) of CEP55. We solved the crystal structure of EABR bound to an ALIX peptide at a resolution of 2.0 angstroms. The structure shows that EABR forms an aberrant dimeric parallel coiled coil. Bulky and charged residues at the interface of the two central heptad repeats create asymmetry and a single binding site for an ALIX or TSG101 peptide. Both ALIX and ESCRT-I are required for cytokinesis, which suggests that multiple CEP55 dimers are required for function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720046/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720046/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Hyung Ho -- Elia, Natalie -- Ghirlando, Rodolfo -- Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer -- Hurley, James H -- Z01 DK036125-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):576-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1162042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Cellular Structures/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytokinesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
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    TMEM16A, a membrane protein associated with calcium-dependent chloride channel activity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Calcium-dependent chloride channels are required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability. The molecular identity of these membrane proteins is still unclear. Treatment of bronchial epithelial cells with interleukin-4 (IL-4) causes increased calcium-dependent chloride channel activity, presumably by regulating expression of the corresponding genes. We performed a global gene expression analysis to identify membrane proteins that are regulated by IL-4. Transfection of epithelial cells with specific small interfering RNA against each of these proteins shows that TMEM16A, a member of a family of putative plasma membrane proteins with unknown function, is associated with calcium-dependent chloride current, as measured with halide-sensitive fluorescent proteins, short-circuit current, and patch-clamp techniques. Our results indicate that TMEM16A is an intrinsic constituent of the calcium-dependent chloride channel. Identification of a previously unknown family of membrane proteins associated with chloride channel function will improve our understanding of chloride transport physiopathology and allow for the development of pharmacological tools useful for basic research and drug development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caputo, Antonella -- Caci, Emanuela -- Ferrera, Loretta -- Pedemonte, Nicoletta -- Barsanti, Cristina -- Sondo, Elvira -- Pfeffer, Ulrich -- Ravazzolo, Roberto -- Zegarra-Moran, Olga -- Galietta, Luis J V -- GGP05103/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):590-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1163518. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bronchi/cytology/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Selective blockade of microRNA processing by Lin28 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in development, and dysregulation of miRNA expression has been observed in human malignancies. Recent evidence suggests that the processing of several primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) is blocked posttranscriptionally in embryonic stem cells, embryonal carcinoma cells, and primary tumors. Here we show that Lin28, a developmentally regulated RNA binding protein, selectively blocks the processing of pri-let-7 miRNAs in embryonic cells. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we found that Lin28 is necessary and sufficient for blocking Microprocessor-mediated cleavage of pri-let-7 miRNAs. Our results identify Lin28 as a negative regulator of miRNA biogenesis and suggest that Lin28 may play a central role in blocking miRNA-mediated differentiation in stem cells and in certain cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368499/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368499/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viswanathan, Srinivas R -- Daley, George Q -- Gregory, Richard I -- DK70055/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256/OD/NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):97-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1154040. Epub 2008 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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    The spread of Ras activity triggered by activation of a single dendritic spine (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: In neurons, individual dendritic spines isolate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated calcium ion (Ca2+) accumulations from the dendrite and other spines. However, the extent to which spines compartmentalize signaling events downstream of Ca2+ influx is not known. We combined two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging with two-photon glutamate uncaging to image the activity of the small guanosine triphosphatase Ras after NMDA receptor activation at individual spines. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered robust Ca2+-dependent Ras activation in single spines that decayed in approximately 5 minutes. Ras activity spread over approximately 10 micrometers of dendrite and invaded neighboring spines by diffusion. The spread of Ras-dependent signaling was necessary for the local regulation of the threshold for LTP induction. Thus, Ca2+-dependent synaptic signals can spread to couple multiple synapses on short stretches of dendrite.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Christopher D -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- Zhong, Haining -- Svoboda, Karel -- AS1398/Autism Speaks/ -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):136-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1159675. Epub 2008 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transfection ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    FBXW7 targets mTOR for degradation and cooperates with PTEN in tumor suppression (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: The enzyme mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a major target for therapeutic intervention to treat many human diseases, including cancer, but very little is known about the processes that control levels of mTOR protein. Here, we show that mTOR is targeted for ubiquitination and consequent degradation by binding to the tumor suppressor protein FBXW7. Human breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors showed a reciprocal relation between loss of FBXW7 and deletion or mutation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), which also activates mTOR. Tumor cell lines harboring deletions or mutations in FBXW7 are particularly sensitive to rapamycin treatment, which suggests that loss of FBXW7 may be a biomarker for human cancers susceptible to treatment with inhibitors of the mTOR pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849753/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849753/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mao, Jian-Hua -- Kim, Il-Jin -- Wu, Di -- Climent, Joan -- Kang, Hio Chung -- DelRosario, Reyno -- Balmain, Allan -- R01 CA116481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084244/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084244-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084244-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084244-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1162981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; F-Box Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Surface mobility of postsynaptic AMPARs tunes synaptic transmission (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Upon fast consecutive synaptic stimulation, transmission can be depressed. Recuperation from fast synaptic depression has been attributed solely to recovery of transmitter release and/or AMPAR desensitization. We show that AMPAR lateral diffusion, observed in both intact hippocampi and cultured neurons, allows fast exchange of desensitized receptors with naive functional ones within or near the postsynaptic density. Recovery from depression in the tens of millisecond time range can be explained in part by this fast receptor exchange. Preventing AMPAR surface movements through cross-linking, endogenous clustering, or calcium rise all slow recovery from depression. Physiological regulation of postsynaptic receptor mobility affects the fidelity of synaptic transmission by shaping the frequency dependence of synaptic responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715948/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2715948/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heine, Martin -- Groc, Laurent -- Frischknecht, Renato -- Beique, Jean-Claude -- Lounis, Brahim -- Rumbaugh, Gavin -- Huganir, Richard L -- Cognet, Laurent -- Choquet, Daniel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, UMR 5091, Universite Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Diffusion ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Kynurenic Acid/pharmacology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Transfection
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    RNA exosome depletion reveals transcription upstream of active human promoters (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: Studies have shown that the bulk of eukaryotic genomes is transcribed. Transcriptome maps are frequently updated, but low-abundant transcripts have probably gone unnoticed. To eliminate RNA degradation, we depleted the exonucleolytic RNA exosome from human cells and then subjected the RNA to tiling microarray analysis. This revealed a class of short, polyadenylated and highly unstable RNAs. These promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) are produced approximately 0.5 to 2.5 kilobases upstream of active transcription start sites. PROMPT transcription occurs in both sense and antisense directions with respect to the downstream gene. In addition, it requires the presence of the gene promoter and is positively correlated with gene activity. We propose that PROMPT transcription is a common characteristic of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribed genes with a possible regulatory potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preker, Pascal -- Nielsen, Jesper -- Kammler, Susanne -- Lykke-Andersen, Soren -- Christensen, Marianne S -- Mapendano, Christophe K -- Schierup, Mikkel H -- Jensen, Torben Heick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1851-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1164096. Epub 2008 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology, C. F. Mollers Alle, Building 1130, Aarhus University, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA Methylation ; Exosomes/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Antisense/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    A membrane receptor for retinol binding protein mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Vitamin A has diverse biological functions. It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood. We identified in bovine retinal pigment epithelium cells STRA6, a multitransmembrane domain protein, as a specific membrane receptor for RBP. STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex. It is widely expressed in embryonic development and in adult organ systems. The RBP receptor represents a major physiological mediator of cellular vitamin A uptake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaguchi, Riki -- Yu, Jiamei -- Honda, Jane -- Hu, Jane -- Whitelegge, Julian -- Ping, Peipei -- Wiita, Patrick -- Bok, Dean -- Sun, Hui -- 5T32EY07026/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):820-5. Epub 2007 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blood-Retinal Barrier ; COS Cells ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Embryonic Development ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Retinal Vessels/metabolism ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Spleen/metabolism ; Transfection ; Vitamin A/*metabolism
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    Medicine. The yin-yang of sirtuins (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillin, Andrew -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):461-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dillin@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transfection ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cysteine redox sensor in PKGIa enables oxidant-induced activation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Changes in the concentration of oxidants in cells can regulate biochemical signaling mechanisms that control cell function. We have found that guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) functions directly as a redox sensor. The Ialpha isoform, PKGIalpha, formed an interprotein disulfide linking its two subunits in cells exposed to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation directly activated the kinase in vitro, and in rat cells and tissues. The affinity of the kinase for substrates it phosphorylates was enhanced by disulfide formation. This oxidation-induced activation represents an alternate mechanism for regulation along with the classical activation involving nitric oxide and cGMP. This mechanism underlies cGMP-independent vasorelaxation in response to oxidants in the cardiovascular system and provides a molecular explantion for how hydrogen peroxide can operate as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgoyne, Joseph R -- Madhani, Melanie -- Cuello, Friederike -- Charles, Rebecca L -- Brennan, Jonathan P -- Schroder, Ewald -- Browning, Darren D -- Eaton, Philip -- G0700320/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1393-7. Epub 2007 Aug 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cysteine/*metabolism ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidants/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Transfection ; Vasodilation/physiology
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    SCFFbxl3 controls the oscillation of the circadian clock by directing the degradation of cryptochrome proteins (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: One component of the circadian clock in mammals is the Clock-Bmal1 heterodimeric transcription factor. Among its downstream targets, two genes, Cry1 and Cry2, encode inhibitors of the Clock-Bmal1 complex that establish a negative-feedback loop. We found that both Cry1 and Cry2 proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded via the SCF(Fbxl3) ubiquitin ligase complex. This regulation by SCF(Fbxl3) is a prerequisite for the efficient and timely reactivation of Clock-Bmal1 and the consequent expression of Per1 and Per2, two regulators of the circadian clock that display tumor suppressor activity. Silencing of Fbxl3 produced no effect in Cry1-/-;Cry2-/- cells, which shows that Fbxl3 controls clock oscillations by mediating the degradation of CRY proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busino, Luca -- Bassermann, Florian -- Maiolica, Alessio -- Lee, Choogon -- Nolan, Patrick M -- Godinho, Sofia I H -- Draetta, Giulio F -- Pagano, Michele -- MC_U142684172/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U142684173/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U142684175/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01-GM57587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21-CA125173/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA76584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):900-4. Epub 2007 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 599, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Cryptochromes ; F-Box Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Interference ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    Switching from repression to activation: microRNAs can up-regulate translation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: AU-rich elements (AREs) and microRNA target sites are conserved sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA) 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) that control gene expression posttranscriptionally. Upon cell cycle arrest, the ARE in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA is transformed into a translation activation signal, recruiting Argonaute (AGO) and fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1 (FXR1), factors associated with micro-ribonucleoproteins (microRNPs). We show that human microRNA miR369-3 directs association of these proteins with the AREs to activate translation. Furthermore, we document that two well-studied microRNAs-Let-7 and the synthetic microRNA miRcxcr4-likewise induce translation up-regulation of target mRNAs on cell cycle arrest, yet they repress translation in proliferating cells. Thus, activation is a common function of microRNPs on cell cycle arrest. We propose that translation regulation by microRNPs oscillates between repression and activation during the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vasudevan, Shobha -- Tong, Yingchun -- Steitz, Joan A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1931-4. Epub 2007 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *3' Untranslated Regions ; Argonaute Proteins ; Base Pairing ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Computational Biology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interphase ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/*genetics ; *Up-Regulation
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    Disrupting the pairing between let-7 and Hmga2 enhances oncogenic transformation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that can pair to sites within messenger RNAs to specify posttranscriptional repression of these messages. Aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to tumorigenesis, but which of the many miRNA-target relationships are relevant to this process has been unclear. Here, we report that chromosomal translocations previously associated with human tumors disrupt repression of High Mobility Group A2 (Hmga2) by let-7 miRNA. This disrupted repression promotes anchorage-independent growth, a characteristic of oncogenic transformation. Thus, losing miRNA-directed repression of an oncogene provides a mechanism for tumorigenesis, and disrupting a single miRNA-target interaction can produce an observable phenotype in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556962/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556962/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Christine -- Hemann, Michael T -- Bartel, David P -- R01 DK068348/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068348-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068348-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068348-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1576-9. Epub 2007 Feb 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; HMGA2 Protein/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology/genetics ; Oncogenes ; Transfection ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Requirement of inositol pyrophosphates for full exocytotic capacity in pancreatic beta cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: Inositol pyrophosphates are recognized components of cellular processes that regulate vesicle trafficking, telomere length, and apoptosis. We observed that pancreatic beta cells maintain high basal concentrations of the pyrophosphate diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7 or IP7). Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) that can generate IP7 were overexpressed. This overexpression stimulated exocytosis of insulin-containing granules from the readily releasable pool. Exogenously applied IP7 dose-dependently enhanced exocytosis at physiological concentrations. We determined that IP6K1 and IP6K2 were present in beta cells. RNA silencing of IP6K1, but not IP6K2, inhibited exocytosis, which suggests that IP6K1 is the critical endogenous kinase. Maintenance of high concentrations of IP7 in the pancreatic beta cell may enhance the immediate exocytotic capacity and consequently allow rapid adjustment of insulin secretion in response to increased demand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illies, Christopher -- Gromada, Jesper -- Fiume, Roberta -- Leibiger, Barbara -- Yu, Jia -- Juhl, Kirstine -- Yang, Shao-Nian -- Barma, Deb K -- Falck, John R -- Saiardi, Adolfo -- Barker, Christopher J -- Berggren, Per-Olof -- GM31278/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U122680443/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1299-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Electric Capacitance ; *Exocytosis ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/genetics/metabolism ; Phytic Acid/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Secretory Vesicles/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Wnt induces LRP6 signalosomes and promotes dishevelled-dependent LRP6 phosphorylation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling, participate in animal development, stem cell biology, and human cancer. Although many components of the Wnt pathway have been identified, unresolved questions remain as to the mechanism by which Wnt binding to its receptors Frizzled and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) triggers downstream signaling events. With live imaging of vertebrate cells, we show that Wnt treatment quickly induces plasma membrane-associated LRP6 aggregates. LRP6 aggregates are phosphorylated and can be detergent-solubilized as ribosome-sized multiprotein complexes. Phospho-LRP6 aggregates contain Wnt-pathway components but no common vesicular traffic markers except caveolin. The scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl) is required for LRP6 phosphorylation and aggregation. We propose that Wnts induce coclustering of receptors and Dvl in LRP6-signalosomes, which in turn triggers LRP6 phosphorylation to promote Axin recruitment and beta-catenin stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bilic, Josipa -- Huang, Ya-Lin -- Davidson, Gary -- Zimmermann, Timo -- Cruciat, Cristina-Maria -- Bienz, Mariann -- Niehrs, Christof -- MC_U105192713/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1619-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Animals ; Axin Protein ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/analysis/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Repressor Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    Patched1 regulates hedgehog signaling at the primary cilium (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: Primary cilia are essential for transduction of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal in mammals. We investigated the role of primary cilia in regulation of Patched1 (Ptc1), the receptor for Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Ptc1 localized to cilia and inhibited Smoothened (Smo) by preventing its accumulation within cilia. When Shh bound to Ptc1, Ptc1 left the cilia, leading to accumulation of Smo and activation of signaling. Thus, primary cilia sense Shh and transduce signals that play critical roles in development, carcinogenesis, and stem cell function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohatgi, Rajat -- Milenkovic, Ljiljana -- Scott, Matthew P -- R01 CA088060/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):372-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Cyclohexylamines/pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/agonists/*metabolism ; Hydroxycholesterols/pharmacology ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Thiophenes/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    5'-triphosphate-dependent activation of PKR by RNAs with short stem-loops (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: Molecular patterns in pathogenic RNAs can be recognized by the innate immune system, and a component of this response is the interferon-induced enzyme RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). The major activators of PKR have been proposed to be long double-stranded RNAs. We report that RNAs with very limited secondary structures activate PKR in a 5'-triphosphate-dependent fashion in vitro and in vivo. Activation of PKR by 5'-triphosphate RNA is independent of RIG-I and is enhanced by treatment with type 1 interferon (IFN-alpha). Surveillance of molecular features at the 5' end of transcripts by PKR presents a means of allowing pathogenic RNA to be distinguished from self-RNA. The evidence presented here suggests that this form of RNA-based discrimination may be a critical step in mounting an early immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nallagatla, Subba Rao -- Hwang, Jungwook -- Toroney, Rebecca -- Zheng, Xiaofeng -- Cameron, Craig E -- Bevilacqua, Philip C -- GM58709/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1455-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-alpha/immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-beta/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Polyphosphates/metabolism ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; eIF-2 Kinase/*metabolism
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    NOV (CCN3) functions as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: Clinically successful hematopoietic cell transplantation is dependent on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here we identify the matricellular protein Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (Nov, CCN3) as being essential for their functional integrity. Nov expression is restricted to the primitive (CD34) compartments of umbilical vein cord blood, and its knockdown in these cells by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference abrogates their function in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, forced expression of Nov and addition of recombinant Nov protein both enhance primitive stem and/or progenitor activity. Taken together, our results identify Nov (CCN3) as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, Rajeev -- Hong, Dengli -- Iborra, Francisco -- Sarno, Samantha -- Enver, Tariq -- MC_U137961143/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137973816/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137973817/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OX3 9DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Targeting of diacylglycerol degradation to M1 muscarinic receptors by beta-arrestins (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR) signaling is transduced by second messengers such as diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in response to the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gq and is terminated by receptor desensitization and degradation of the second messengers. We show that beta-arrestins coordinate both processes for the Gq-coupled M1 muscarinic receptor. beta-Arrestins physically interact with diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), enzymes that degrade DAG. Moreover, beta-arrestins are essential for conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid after agonist stimulation, and this activity requires recruitment of the beta-arrestin-DGK complex to activated 7TMRs. The dual function of beta-arrestins, limiting production of diacylglycerol (by receptor desensitization) while enhancing its rate of degradation, is analogous to their ability to recruit adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases to Gs-coupled beta2-adrenergic receptors. Thus, beta-arrestins can serve similar regulatory functions for disparate classes of 7TMRs through structurally dissimilar enzymes that degrade chemically distinct second messengers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Christopher D -- Perry, Stephen J -- Regier, Debra S -- Prescott, Stephen M -- Topham, Matthew K -- Lefkowitz, Robert J -- CA95463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70631/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):663-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/genetics/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 19 to 25 nucleotides that function as gene regulators and as a host cell defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. We provide evidence for a physiological role of the miRNA-silencing machinery in controlling HIV-1 replication. Type III RNAses Dicer and Drosha, responsible for miRNA processing, inhibited virus replication both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected donors and in latently infected cells. In turn, HIV-1 actively suppressed the expression of the polycistronic miRNA cluster miR-17/92. This suppression was found to be required for efficient viral replication and was dependent on the histone acetyltransferase Tat cofactor PCAF. Our results highlight the involvement of the miRNA-silencing pathway in HIV-1 replication and latency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Triboulet, Robinson -- Mari, Bernard -- Lin, Yea-Lih -- Chable-Bessia, Christine -- Bennasser, Yamina -- Lebrigand, Kevin -- Cardinaud, Bruno -- Maurin, Thomas -- Barbry, Pascal -- Baillat, Vincent -- Reynes, Jacques -- Corbeau, Pierre -- Jeang, Kuan-Teh -- Benkirane, Monsef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1579-82. Epub 2007 Feb 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Genetique Humaine, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Products, tat/metabolism ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology/*virology ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Latency ; *Virus Replication ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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    Parallels between cytokinesis and retroviral budding: a role for the ESCRT machinery (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: During cytokinesis, as dividing animal cells pull apart into two daughter cells, the final stage, termed abscission, requires breakage of the midbody, a thin membranous stalk connecting the daughter cells. This membrane fission event topologically resembles the budding of viruses, such as HIV-1, from infected cells. We found that two proteins involved in HIV-1 budding-tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101), a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I (ESCRT-I), and Alix, an ESCRT-associated protein-were recruited to the midbody during cytokinesis by interaction with centrosome protein 55 (Cep55), a centrosome and midbody protein essential for abscission. Tsg101, Alix, and possibly other components of ESCRT-I were required for the completion of cytokinesis. Thus, HIV-1 budding and cytokinesis use a similar subset of cellular components to carry out topologically similar membrane fission events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlton, Jez G -- Martin-Serrano, Juan -- G0400207/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1908-12. Epub 2007 Jun 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; *Cytokinesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/metabolism ; HIV-1/*physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; R-SNARE Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Syntaxin 1/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
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    Sirtuin 2 inhibitors rescue alpha-synuclein-mediated toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The sirtuins are members of the histone deacetylase family of proteins that participate in a variety of cellular functions and play a role in aging. We identified a potent inhibitor of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and found that inhibition of SIRT2 rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity and modified inclusion morphology in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Genetic inhibition of SIRT2 via small interfering RNA similarly rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibitors protected against dopaminergic cell death both in vitro and in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. The results suggest a link between neurodegeneration and aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Outeiro, Tiago Fleming -- Kontopoulos, Eirene -- Altmann, Stephen M -- Kufareva, Irina -- Strathearn, Katherine E -- Amore, Allison M -- Volk, Catherine B -- Maxwell, Michele M -- Rochet, Jean-Christophe -- McLean, Pamela J -- Young, Anne B -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Feany, Mel B -- Hyman, Bradley T -- Kazantsev, Aleksey G -- 5P50-NS38372A-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS049221/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):516-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alzheimer's Research Unit, MGH, Harvard Medical School, CNY 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Furans/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Protein Conformation ; Quinolines/*pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Rats ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tubulin/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/*metabolism
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    Comment on "Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: Zhang et al. (Research Articles, 11 November 2005, p. 996) reported that obestatin, a peptide derived from the ghrelin precursor, activated the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. However, we found that I125-obestatin does not bind GPR39 and observed no effects of obestatin on GPR39-transfected cells in various functional assays (cyclic adenosine monophosphate production, calcium mobilization, and GPR39 internalization). Our results indicate that obestatin is not the cognate ligand for GPR39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chartrel, N -- Alvear-Perez, R -- Leprince, J -- Iturrioz, X -- Reaux-Le Goazigo, A -- Audinot, V -- Chomarat, P -- Coge, F -- Nosjean, O -- Rodriguez, M -- Galizzi, J P -- Boutin, J A -- Vaudry, H -- Llorens-Cortes, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):766; author reply 766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, and European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Hormones/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pituitary Gland/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Sensing X chromosome pairs before X inactivation via a novel X-pairing region of the Xic (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: Mammalian dosage compensation involves silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in females and is controlled by the X-inactivation center (Xic). The Xic, which includes Xist and its antisense transcription unit Tsix/Xite, somehow senses the number of X chromosomes and triggers Xist up-regulation from one of the two X chromosomes in females. We found that a segment of the mouse Xic lying several hundred kilobases upstream of Xist brings the two Xics together before the onset of X inactivation. This region can autonomously drive Xic trans-interactions even as an ectopic single-copy transgene. Its introduction into male embryonic stem cells is strongly selected against, consistent with a possible role in trans-activating Xist. We propose that homologous associations driven by this novel X-pairing region (Xpr) of the Xic enable a cell to sense that more than one X chromosome is present and coordinate reciprocal Xist/Tsix expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Augui, S -- Filion, G J -- Huart, S -- Nora, E -- Guggiari, M -- Maresca, M -- Stewart, A F -- Heard, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1632-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS UMR218, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; S Phase ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Up-Regulation ; X Chromosome/*genetics/physiology ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
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    Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane IP3 receptors (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) release calcium ions, Ca2+, from intracellular stores, but their roles in mediating Ca2+ entry are unclear. IP3 stimulated opening of very few (1.9 +/- 0.2 per cell) Ca2+-permeable channels in whole-cell patch-clamp recording of DT40 chicken or mouse B cells. Activation of the B cell receptor (BCR) in perforated-patch recordings evoked the same response. IP3 failed to stimulate intracellular or plasma membrane (PM) channels in cells lacking IP3R. Expression of IP3R restored both responses. Mutations within the pore affected the conductances of IP3-activated PM and intracellular channels similarly. An impermeant pore mutant abolished BCR-evoked Ca2+ signals, and PM IP3Rs were undetectable. After introduction of an alpha-bungarotoxin binding site near the pore, PM IP3Rs were modulated by extracellular alpha-bungarotoxin. IP(3)Rs are unusual among endoplasmic reticulum proteins in being also functionally expressed at the PM, where very few IP3Rs contribute substantially to the Ca2+ entry evoked by the BCR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dellis, Olivier -- Dedos, Skarlatos G -- Tovey, Stephen C -- Taufiq-Ur-Rahman -- Dubel, Stefan J -- Taylor, Colin W -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):229-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Bungarotoxins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Electric Conductivity ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Mice ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Point Mutation ; Rats ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Sequential interplay of nicotinic and GABAergic signaling guides neuronal development (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the major inhibitory transmitter in the brain, goes through a transitory phase of excitation during development. The excitatory phase promotes neuronal growth and integration into circuits. We show here that spontaneous nicotinic cholinergic activity is responsible for terminating GABAergic excitation and initiating inhibition. It does so by changing chloride transporter levels, shifting the driving force on GABA-induced currents. The timing of the transition is critical, because the two phases of GABAergic signaling provide contrasting developmental instructions. Synergistic with nicotinic excitation, GABAergic inhibition constrains neuronal morphology and innervation. The results reveal a multitiered activity-dependent strategy controlling neuronal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Zhaoping -- Neff, Robert A -- Berg, Darwin K -- NS012601/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS035469/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1610-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/cytology/embryology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Nicotine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/metabolism ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 ; Symporters/genetics/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    ATM engages autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 after DNA damage (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-26
    Description: The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a critical component of a DNA-damage response network configured to maintain genomic integrity. The abundance of an essential downstream effecter of this pathway, the tumor suppressor protein p53, is tightly regulated by controlled degradation through COP1 and other E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as MDM2 and Pirh2; however, the signal transduction pathway that regulates the COP1-p53 axis following DNA damage remains enigmatic. We observed that in response to DNA damage, ATM phosphorylated COP1 on Ser(387) and stimulated a rapid autodegradation mechanism. Ionizing radiation triggered an ATM-dependent movement of COP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was both necessary and sufficient to disrupt the COP1-p53 complex and subsequently to abrogate the ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Furthermore, phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was required to permit p53 to become stabilized and to exert its tumor suppressor properties in response to DNA damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornan, David -- Shimizu, Harumi -- Mah, Angie -- Dudhela, Tanay -- Eby, Michael -- O'rourke, Karen -- Seshagiri, Somasekar -- Dixit, Vishva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
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    Chemistry. Dendrimers at work (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helms, Brett -- Meijer, E W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):929-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. e.w.meijer@tue.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Contrast Media ; *Dendrimers/chemical synthesis/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Drug Approval ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Molecular Structure ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of FOXO1 as an apoptotic response to DNA damage (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: The function of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is often abolished after DNA damage. The inhibition of CDK2 plays a central role in DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. However, whether CDK2 also influences the survival of cells under genotoxic stress is unknown. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are emerging as key regulators of cell survival. CDK2 specifically phosphorylated FOXO1 at serine-249 (Ser249) in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of Ser249 resulted in cytoplasmic localization and inhibition of FOXO1. This phosphorylation was abrogated upon DNA damage through the cell cycle checkpoint pathway that is dependent on the protein kinases Chk1 and Chk2. Moreover, silencing of FOXO1 by small interfering RNA diminished DNA damage-induced death in both p53-deficient and p53-proficient cells. This effect was reversed by restored expression of FOXO1 in a manner depending on phosphorylation of Ser249. Functional interaction between CDK2 and FOXO1 provides a mechanism that regulates apoptotic cell death after DNA strand breakage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Haojie -- Regan, Kevin M -- Lou, Zhenkun -- Chen, Junjie -- Tindall, Donald J -- CA91956/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK60920/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK65236/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):294-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Activity-dependent regulation of MEF2 transcription factors suppresses excitatory synapse number (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: In the mammalian nervous system, neuronal activity regulates the strength and number of synapses formed. The genetic program that coordinates this process is poorly understood. We show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors suppressed excitatory synapse number in a neuronal activity- and calcineurin-dependent manner as hippocampal neurons formed synapses. In response to increased neuronal activity, calcium influx into neurons induced the activation of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated phosphatase calcineurin, which dephosphorylated and activated MEF2. When activated, MEF2 promoted the transcription of a set of genes, including arc and synGAP, that restrict synapse number. These findings define an activity-dependent transcriptional program that may control synapse number during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flavell, Steven W -- Cowan, Christopher W -- Kim, Tae-Kyung -- Greer, Paul L -- Lin, Yingxi -- Paradis, Suzanne -- Griffith, Eric C -- Hu, Linda S -- Chen, Chinfei -- Greenberg, Michael E -- AG05870/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013613/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1008-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mutation ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    BKCa-Cav channel complexes mediate rapid and localized Ca2+-activated K+ signaling (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BKCa) are dually activated by membrane depolarization and elevation of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+). Under normal cellular conditions, BKCa channel activation requires Ca2+ concentrations that typically occur in close proximity to Ca2+ sources. We show that BKCa channels affinity-purified from rat brain are assembled into macromolecular complexes with the voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 (L-type), Cav2.1 (P/Q-type), and Cav2.2 (N-type). Heterologously expressed BKCa-Cav complexes reconstitute a functional "Ca2+ nanodomain" where Ca2+ influx through the Cav channel activates BKCa in the physiological voltage range with submillisecond kinetics. Complex formation with distinct Cav channels enables BKCa-mediated membrane hyperpolarization that controls neuronal firing pattern and release of hormones and transmitters in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkefeld, Henrike -- Sailer, Claudia A -- Bildl, Wolfgang -- Rohde, Volker -- Thumfart, Jorg-Oliver -- Eble, Silke -- Klugbauer, Norbert -- Reisinger, Ellen -- Bischofberger, Josef -- Oliver, Dominik -- Knaus, Hans-Gunther -- Schulte, Uwe -- Fakler, Bernd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):615-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, N-Type/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Chromaffin Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/drug effects/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A "silent" polymorphism in the MDR1 gene changes substrate specificity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) do not produce altered coding sequences, and therefore they are not expected to change the function of the protein in which they occur. We report that a synonymous SNP in the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, part of a haplotype previously linked to altered function of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), nonetheless results in P-gp with altered drug and inhibitor interactions. Similar mRNA and protein levels, but altered conformations, were found for wild-type and polymorphic P-gp. We hypothesize that the presence of a rare codon, marked by the synonymous polymorphism, affects the timing of cotranslational folding and insertion of P-gp into the membrane, thereby altering the structure of substrate and inhibitor interaction sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kimchi-Sarfaty, Chava -- Oh, Jung Mi -- Kim, In-Wha -- Sauna, Zuben E -- Calcagno, Anna Maria -- Ambudkar, Suresh V -- Gottesman, Michael M -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):525-8. Epub 2006 Dec 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kimchi@cber.fda.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Codon ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; *Genes, MDR ; Haplotypes ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; P-Glycoprotein/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhodamine 123/metabolism/pharmacology ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; Verapamil/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    PIN proteins perform a rate-limiting function in cellular auxin efflux (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: Intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin underpins multiple developmental processes in plants. Plant-specific pin-formed (PIN) proteins and several phosphoglycoprotein (PGP) transporters are crucial factors in auxin transport-related development, yet the molecular function of PINs remains unknown. Here, we show that PINs mediate auxin efflux from mammalian and yeast cells without needing additional plant-specific factors. Conditional gain-of-function alleles and quantitative measurements of auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis and tobacco cultured cells revealed that the action of PINs in auxin efflux is distinct from PGP, rate-limiting, specific to auxins, and sensitive to auxin transport inhibitors. This suggests a direct involvement of PINs in catalyzing cellular auxin efflux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petrasek, Jan -- Mravec, Jozef -- Bouchard, Rodolphe -- Blakeslee, Joshua J -- Abas, Melinda -- Seifertova, Daniela -- Wisniewska, Justyna -- Tadele, Zerihun -- Kubes, Martin -- Covanova, Milada -- Dhonukshe, Pankaj -- Skupa, Petr -- Benkova, Eva -- Perry, Lucie -- Krecek, Pavel -- Lee, Ok Ran -- Fink, Gerald R -- Geisler, Markus -- Murphy, Angus S -- Luschnig, Christian -- Zazimalova, Eva -- Friml, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):914-8. Epub 2006 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Experimental Botany, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Gravitropism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids/metabolism ; Phthalimides/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Tobacco ; Transfection ; Transformation, Genetic
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    RNA interference directs innate immunity against viruses in adult Drosophila (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: Innate immunity against bacterial and fungal pathogens is mediated by Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) pathways, but little is known about the antiviral response in Drosophila. Here, we demonstrate that an RNA interference pathway protects adult flies from infection by two evolutionarily diverse viruses. Our work also describes a molecular framework for the viral immunity, in which viral double-stranded RNA produced during infection acts as the pathogen trigger whereas Drosophila Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 act as host sensor and effector, respectively. These findings establish a Drosophila model for studying the innate immunity against viruses in animals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1509097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1509097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiao-Hong -- Aliyari, Roghiyh -- Li, Wan-Xiang -- Li, Hong-Wei -- Kim, Kevin -- Carthew, Richard -- Atkinson, Peter -- Ding, Shou-Wei -- AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052447/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068743/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):452-4. Epub 2006 Mar 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program for Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*immunology/*virology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/immunology/virology ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Insect Viruses/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/physiology ; Mutation ; Nodaviridae/*physiology ; RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Viruses/genetics/physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/genetics/physiology ; Ribonuclease III ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/physiology ; Transfection ; Virus Replication
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    A topoisomerase IIbeta-mediated dsDNA break required for regulated transcription (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Multiple enzymatic activities are required for transcriptional initiation. The enzyme DNA topoisomerase II associates with gene promoter regions and can generate breaks in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Therefore, it is of interest to know whether this enzyme is critical for regulated gene activation. We report that the signal-dependent activation of gene transcription by nuclear receptors and other classes of DNA binding transcription factors, including activating protein 1, requires DNA topoisomerase IIbeta-dependent, transient, site-specific dsDNA break formation. Subsequent to the break, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 enzymatic activity is induced, which is required for a nucleosome-specific histone H1-high-mobility group B exchange event and for local changes of chromatin architecture. Our data mechanistically link DNA topoisomerase IIbeta-dependent dsDNA breaks and the components of the DNA damage and repair machinery in regulated gene transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ju, Bong-Gun -- Lunyak, Victoria V -- Perissi, Valentina -- Garcia-Bassets, Ivan -- Rose, David W -- Glass, Christopher K -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1798-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Presenilin-2 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Response Elements ; Thiobarbiturates/pharmacology ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    Epilepsy-related ligand/receptor complex LGI1 and ADAM22 regulate synaptic transmission (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Abnormally synchronized synaptic transmission in the brain causes epilepsy. Most inherited forms of epilepsy result from mutations in ion channels. However, one form of epilepsy, autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF), is characterized by mutations in a secreted neuronal protein, LGI1. We show that ADAM22, a transmembrane protein that when mutated itself causes seizure, serves as a receptor for LGI1. LGI1 enhances AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices. The mutated form of LGI1 fails to bind to ADAM22. ADAM22 is anchored to the postsynaptic density by cytoskeletal scaffolds containing stargazin. These studies in rat brain indicate possible avenues for understanding human epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukata, Yuko -- Adesnik, Hillel -- Iwanaga, Tsuyoshi -- Bredt, David S -- Nicoll, Roger A -- Fukata, Masaki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cerebellar Cortex/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; N-Methylaspartate/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Transfection ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/metabolism
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    Human IRGM induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular mycobacteria (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Immunity-related p47 guanosine triphosphatases (IRG) play a role in defense against intracellular pathogens. We found that the murine Irgm1 (LRG-47) guanosine triphosphatase induced autophagy and generated large autolysosomal organelles as a mechanism for the elimination of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also identified a function for a human IRG protein in the control of intracellular pathogens and report that the human Irgm1 ortholog, IRGM, plays a role in autophagy and in the reduction of intracellular bacillary load.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Sudha B -- Davis, Alexander S -- Taylor, Gregory A -- Deretic, Vojo -- AI42999/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45148/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI57831/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI057831/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007538/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1438-41. Epub 2006 Aug 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lysosomes/metabolism/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Macrophages/*immunology/*microbiology ; Mice ; Microbial Viability ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Mycobacterium bovis/*immunology/physiology ; Phagosomes/metabolism/microbiology/*ultrastructure ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Vacuoles/metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Regulation of adult bone mass by the zinc finger adapter protein Schnurri-3 (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: Genetic mutations that disrupt osteoblast function can result in skeletal dysmorphogenesis or, more rarely, in increased postnatal bone formation. Here we show that Schnurri-3 (Shn3), a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila zinc finger adapter protein Shn, is an essential regulator of adult bone formation. Mice lacking Shn3 display adult-onset osteosclerosis with increased bone mass due to augmented osteoblast activity. Shn3 was found to control protein levels of Runx2, the principal transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation, by promoting its degradation through recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 to Runx2. By this means, Runx2-mediated extracellular matrix mineralization was antagonized, revealing an essential role for Shn3 as a central regulator of postnatal bone mass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Dallas C -- Wein, Marc N -- Oukka, Mohamed -- Hofstaetter, Jochen G -- Glimcher, Melvin J -- Glimcher, Laurie H -- AI29673/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR46983/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1223-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/chemistry/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoprecipitation ; Mice ; Osteoblasts/chemistry/physiology ; Osteoclasts/physiology ; Osteogenesis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 95
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    Chemical rescue of a mutant enzyme in living cells (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: The restoration of catalytic activity to mutant enzymes by small molecules is well established for in vitro systems. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Src arginine-388--〉alanine (R388A) mutant can be rescued in live cells with the use of the small molecule imidazole. Cellular rescue of a viral Src homolog was rapid and reversible and conferred predicted oncogenic properties. Using chemical rescue in combination with mass spectrometry, we confirmed six known Src kinase substrates and identified several new protein targets. Chemical rescue data suggest that cellular Src is active under basal conditions. Rescue of R388A cellular Src provided insights into the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This chemical rescue approach will likely have many applications in cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiao, Yingfeng -- Molina, Henrik -- Pandey, Akhilesh -- Zhang, Jin -- Cole, Philip A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1293-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/*genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is believed to be the critical trigger for activation of antiviral immunity mediated by the RNA helicase enzymes retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). We showed that influenza A virus infection does not generate dsRNA and that RIG-I is activated by viral genomic single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bearing 5'-phosphates. This is blocked by the influenza protein nonstructured protein 1 (NS1), which is found in a complex with RIG-I in infected cells. These results identify RIG-I as a ssRNA sensor and potential target of viral immune evasion and suggest that its ability to sense 5'-phosphorylated RNA evolved in the innate immune system as a means of discriminating between self and nonself.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pichlmair, Andreas -- Schulz, Oliver -- Tan, Choon Ping -- Naslund, Tanja I -- Liljestrom, Peter -- Weber, Friedemann -- Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):997-1001. Epub 2006 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism/virology ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics/*metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/virology ; Encephalomyocarditis virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism/physiology ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion-entry receptor: cystine transporter xCT (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and other lymphoproliferative syndromes often associated with HIV/AIDS. Functional complementary DNA selection for a receptor mediating KSHV cell fusion identified xCT, the 12-transmembrane light chain of the human cystine/glutamate exchange transporter system x-c. Expression of recombinant xCT rendered otherwise not susceptible target cells permissive for both KSHV cell fusion and virion entry. Antibodies against xCT blocked KSHV fusion and entry with naturally permissive target cells. KSHV target cell permissiveness correlated closely with endogenous expression of xCT messenger RNA and protein in diverse human and nonhuman cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaleeba, Johnan A R -- Berger, Edward A -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1921-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Transport System y+/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Regulation of B cell tolerance by the lupus susceptibility gene Ly108 (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: The susceptibility locus for the autoimmune disease lupus on murine chromosome 1, Sle1z/Sle1bz, and the orthologous human locus are associated with production of autoantibody to chromatin. We report that the presence of Sle1z/Sle1bz impairs B cell anergy, receptor revision, and deletion. Members of the SLAM costimulatory molecule family constitute prime candidates for Sle1bz, among which the Ly108.1 isoform of the Ly108 gene was most highly expressed in immature B cells from lupus-prone B6.Sle1z mice. The normal Ly108.2 allele, but not the lupus-associated Ly108.1 allele, was found to sensitize immature B cells to deletion and RAG reexpression. As a potential regulator of tolerance checkpoints, Ly108 may censor self-reactive B cells, hence safeguarding against autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, Kirthi Raman -- Li, Liunan -- Yan, Mei -- Bhaskarabhatla, Madhavi -- Mobley, Angela B -- Nguyen, Charles -- Mooney, Jill M -- Schatzle, John D -- Wakeland, Edward K -- Mohan, Chandra -- AI54902/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NIH RO1 AR44894/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1665-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Ly/*genetics ; Autoantigens/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/immunology ; Cell Death ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Clonal Anergy ; Clonal Deletion ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Immune Tolerance ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*genetics/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Muramidase/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Dynamic nuclear actin assembly by Arp2/3 complex and a baculovirus WASP-like protein (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Diverse bacterial and viral pathogens induce actin polymerization in the cytoplasm of host cells to facilitate infection. Here, we describe a pathogenic mechanism for promoting dynamic actin assembly in the nucleus to enable viral replication. The baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus induced nuclear actin polymerization by translocating the host actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex into the nucleus, where it was activated by p78/83, a viral Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-like protein. Nuclear actin assembly by p78/83 and Arp2/3 complex was essential for viral progeny production. Recompartmentalizing dynamic host actin may represent a conserved mode of pathogenesis and reflect viral manipulation of normal functions of nuclear actin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goley, Erin D -- Ohkawa, Taro -- Mancuso, Joel -- Woodruff, Jeffrey B -- D'Alessio, Joseph A -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Volkman, Loy E -- Welch, Matthew D -- AI054693/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM59609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059609-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):464-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/*metabolism ; Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Moths ; Mutation ; Nucleocapsid/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Virion/ultrastructure ; Virus Replication ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA methyltransferase homolog Dnmt2 (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: The sequence and the structure of DNA methyltransferase-2 (Dnmt2) bear close affinities to authentic DNA cytosine methyltransferases. A combined genetic and biochemical approach revealed that human DNMT2 did not methylate DNA but instead methylated a small RNA; mass spectrometry showed that this RNA is aspartic acid transfer RNA (tRNA(Asp)) and that DNMT2 specifically methylated cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop. The function of DNMT2 is highly conserved, and human DNMT2 protein restored methylation in vitro to tRNA(Asp) from Dnmt2-deficient strains of mouse, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Drosophila melanogaster in a manner that was dependent on preexisting patterns of modified nucleosides. Indirect sequence recognition is also a feature of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases, which may have arisen from a Dnmt2-like RNA methyltransferase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goll, Mary Grace -- Kirpekar, Finn -- Maggert, Keith A -- Yoder, Jeffrey A -- Hsieh, Chih-Lin -- Zhang, Xiaoyu -- Golic, Kent G -- Jacobsen, Steven E -- Bestor, Timothy H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):395-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticodon ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Cytosine/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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