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  • 1
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    Activation of CaMKII in single dendritic spines during long-term potentiation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central part in long-term potentiation (LTP), which underlies some forms of learning and memory. Here we monitored the spatiotemporal dynamics of CaMKII activation in individual dendritic spines during LTP using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, in combination with two-photon glutamate uncaging. Induction of LTP and associated spine enlargement in single spines triggered transient ( approximately 1 min) CaMKII activation restricted to the stimulated spines. CaMKII in spines was specifically activated by NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, presumably by nanodomain Ca(2+) near the channels, in response to glutamate uncaging and depolarization, respectively. The high degree of compartmentalization and channel specificity of CaMKII signalling allow stimuli-specific spatiotemporal patterns of CaMKII signalling and may be important for synapse-specificity of synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719773/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719773/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Seok-Jin R -- Escobedo-Lozoya, Yasmin -- Szatmari, Erzsebet M -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- AS1398/Autism Speaks/ -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH08004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):299-304. doi: 10.1038/nature07842.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Dendritic Spines/*enzymology/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; Photons ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synaptic Potentials/physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Current-driven magnetization switching in ferromagnetic bulk Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Multiferroic materials with both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders provide a promising arena for the electrical manipulation of magnetization through the mutual correlation between those ferroic orders. Such a concept of multiferroics may expand to semiconductor with both broken symmetries of spatial inversion and time reversal, that is, polar ferromagnetic semiconductors. Here, we report the observation of current-driven magnetization switching in one such example, (Ge,Mn)Te thin films. The ferromagnetism caused by Mn doping opens an exchange gap in original massless Dirac band of the polar semiconductor GeTe with Rashba-type spin-split bands. The anomalous Hall conductivity is enhanced with increasing hole carrier density, indicating that the contribution of the Berry phase is maximized as the Fermi level approaches the exchange gap. By means of pulse-current injection, the electrical switching of the magnetization is observed in the (Ge,Mn)Te thin films as thick as 200 nm, pointing to the Rashba-Edelstein effect of bulk origin. The efficiency of this effect strongly depends on the Fermi-level position owing to the efficient spin accumulation at around the gap. The magnetic bulk Rashba system will be a promising platform for exploring the functional correlations among electric polarization, magnetization, and current.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Local, persistent activation of Rho GTPases during plasticity of single dendritic spines (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-23
    Description: The Rho family of GTPases have important roles in the morphogenesis of the dendritic spines of neurons in the brain and synaptic plasticity by modulating the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we used two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor the activity of two Rho GTPases-RhoA and Cdc42-in single dendritic spines undergoing structural plasticity associated with long-term potentiation in CA1 pyramidal neurons in cultured slices of rat hippocampus. When long-term volume increase was induced in a single spine using two-photon glutamate uncaging, RhoA and Cdc42 were rapidly activated in the stimulated spine. These activities decayed over about five minutes, and were then followed by a phase of persistent activation lasting more than half an hour. Although active RhoA and Cdc42 were similarly mobile, their activity patterns were different. RhoA activation diffused out of the stimulated spine and spread over about 5 microm along the dendrite. In contrast, Cdc42 activation was restricted to the stimulated spine, and exhibited a steep gradient at the spine necks. Inhibition of the Rho-Rock pathway preferentially inhibited the initial spine growth, whereas the inhibition of the Cdc42-Pak pathway blocked the maintenance of sustained structural plasticity. RhoA and Cdc42 activation depended on Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKII). Thus, RhoA and Cdc42 relay transient CaMKII activation to synapse-specific, long-term signalling required for spine structural plasticity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3105377/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3105377/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakoshi, Hideji -- Wang, Hong -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- R01 DA027807/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09823. Epub 2011 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*enzymology/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Current-driven magnetization switching in ferromagnetic bulk Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-08
    Description: Multiferroic materials with both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders provide a promising arena for the electrical manipulation of magnetization through the mutual correlation between those ferroic orders. Such a concept of multiferroics may expand to semiconductor with both broken symmetries of spatial inversion and time reversal, that is, polar ferromagnetic semiconductors. Here, we report the observation of current-driven magnetization switching in one such example, (Ge,Mn)Te thin films. The ferromagnetism caused by Mn doping opens an exchange gap in original massless Dirac band of the polar semiconductor GeTe with Rashba-type spin-split bands. The anomalous Hall conductivity is enhanced with increasing hole carrier density, indicating that the contribution of the Berry phase is maximized as the Fermi level approaches the exchange gap. By means of pulse-current injection, the electrical switching of the magnetization is observed in the (Ge,Mn)Te thin films as thick as 200 nm, pointing to the Rashba-Edelstein effect of bulk origin. The efficiency of this effect strongly depends on the Fermi-level position owing to the efficient spin accumulation at around the gap. The magnetic bulk Rashba system will be a promising platform for exploring the functional correlations among electric polarization, magnetization, and current.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The spread of Ras activity triggered by activation of a single dendritic spine (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: In neurons, individual dendritic spines isolate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated calcium ion (Ca2+) accumulations from the dendrite and other spines. However, the extent to which spines compartmentalize signaling events downstream of Ca2+ influx is not known. We combined two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging with two-photon glutamate uncaging to image the activity of the small guanosine triphosphatase Ras after NMDA receptor activation at individual spines. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered robust Ca2+-dependent Ras activation in single spines that decayed in approximately 5 minutes. Ras activity spread over approximately 10 micrometers of dendrite and invaded neighboring spines by diffusion. The spread of Ras-dependent signaling was necessary for the local regulation of the threshold for LTP induction. Thus, Ca2+-dependent synaptic signals can spread to couple multiple synapses on short stretches of dendrite.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Christopher D -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- Zhong, Haining -- Svoboda, Karel -- AS1398/Autism Speaks/ -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080047-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):136-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1159675. Epub 2008 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transfection ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Long-distance integration of nuclear ERK signaling triggered by activation of a few dendritic spines (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: The late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses, which is thought to underlie long-lasting memory, requires gene transcription in the nucleus. However, the mechanism by which signaling initiated at synapses is transmitted into the nucleus to induce transcription has remained elusive. Here, we found that induction of LTP in only three to seven dendritic spines in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons was sufficient to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the nucleus and regulate downstream transcription factors. Signaling from individual spines was integrated over a wide range of time (〉30 minutes) and space (〉80 micrometers). Spatially dispersed inputs over multiple branches activated nuclear ERK much more efficiently than clustered inputs over one branch. Thus, biochemical signals from individual dendritic spines exert profound effects on nuclear signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhai, Shenyu -- Ark, Eugene D -- Parra-Bueno, Paula -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1107-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1245622.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/enzymology/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Spines/enzymology/*physiology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Glutamates/metabolism ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for hypothermia in cardiac surgery
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cryobiology 15 (1978), S. 720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(78)90209-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of starting particle size on hot-pressing of magnesium oxide powder prepared by vapour-phase oxidation process (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 2977-2984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Effect of starting particle size on hot-pressing of magnesium oxide (MgO) powder was examined using seven kinds of MgO powders prepared by a vapour-phase oxidation process; the average primary particle sizes were 11, 25, 32, 44, 57, 107 and 261 nm. These compressed powders (compacts) were hot-pressed at a temperature between 900 and 1300°C. The densifications of these compacts during the hot-pressing proceeded via (i) the sintering of primary particles within secondary particles and the rearrangement of secondary particles/grains (900°C), (ii) the gradual grain growth controlled by the pore migration (900∼1100°C) and (iii) the rapid grain growth due to the active mass transfer (1300°C); the grain sizes of MgO compacts hot-pressed at and below 1100°C were 〈1 μm, while those at 1300°C attained 20∼30 μm. The transluscent compact with the relative density of 99.7% could be obtained when the compressed powder with the average primary particle size of 44 nm was hot-pressed at a temperature as low as 1100°C for 1 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018649222749
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of wood by non-formaldehyde cross-linking reagents (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The features of the reaction between sitka spruce wood and non-formaldehyde reagents, i. e. glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and dimethylol dihydroxy ethyleneurea (DMDHEU), were investigated from the aspects of moisture adsorption and bending creep properties. To the moisture adsorption data, Hailwood-Horrobin adsorption equation was applied, and whole adsorbed water was separated into hydrated water and dissolved water which correspond to monolayer and multilayer adsorption, respectively. In the treatments with non-formaldehyde reagents, the decrease of equilibrium moisture content was mainly attributed to the decrease of dissolved water, but not largely to that of hydrated water. This suggested that the reagent in the multilayer adsorption region contributed pronouncedly to suppress the moisture adsorption by the bulking and cross-linking effects, but that the reagent in the monolayer adsorption region did not considerably. The creep deformation and remaining strain of the specimens treated with glyoxal and glutaraldehyde were as small as those of formaldehyde treatment. Also by the DMDHEU treatment, creep deformation was restrained to some extent. The eminent creep restraint effect by these treatments showed the formation of cross-linkings, although the crosslinkings were not stable to the drastic water leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193329
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  • 10
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    Regional and strain-specific gene expression mapping in the adult mouse brain (2000)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-26
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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