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  • 1
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    Does persistence of showy calyces in Limonium leptolobum enhance pollinator attraction? (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-28
    Description: Aims The calyx, the outermost whorl of a flower (usually green), has been considered to function to protect flowers. In some species, however, calyces are colorful and retained during seed development. Limonium species have been exploited as cut flower crops because the calyces persist for several months after the corolla has closed. To explore the adaptive significance of the persistent calyx in a desert plant Limonium leptolobum , we ask whether persistence of calyces can enhance pollinator attraction by enlarging floral displays, increasing reproductive success in this self-incompatible species. Methods The yellow flower of L. leptolobum lasted 1–2 days but its white, membranous calyx extended fully after the corolla closed, and persisted for over 2 months in the field, making hundreds of ‘showy flowers’ on one individual. To examine the ecological function of calyces, we test the pollinator attraction hypothesis. In an experimental population, we compared the difference in visit frequency and visitor behavior between intact inflorescences and inflorescences with their calyces removed on the same individual plants. Important findings In four experimental plots four types of floral visitors were observed including bees, butterflies, syrphid flies and day-flying moths. No significant preference was observed between calyx-free and intact inflorescences for both first arrivals and total visit frequency of all types of floral visitors, indicating that the persistence of calyces did not make plants more attractive to potential pollinators. The pollinator attraction hypothesis for the showy calyces was not supported by the current data. Whether the calyx in this desert plant helps seed development or has other functions needs further study.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    HPV E6 induces O-GlcNAc and enhances oncogenicity [Medical Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-17
    Description: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. The mechanisms involved in the progression of HPV neoplasias to cancers remain largely unknown. Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of influenza virus replication via small molecules that induce the formation of higher-order nucleoprotein oligomers [Microbiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-14
    Description: Influenza nucleoprotein (NP) plays multiple roles in the virus life cycle, including an essential function in viral replication as an integral component of the ribonucleoprotein complex, associating with viral RNA and polymerase within the viral core. The multifunctional nature of NP makes it an attractive target for antiviral intervention, and inhibitors targeting this protein have recently been reported. In a parallel effort, we discovered a structurally similar series of influenza replication inhibitors and show that they interfere with NP-dependent processes via formation of higher-order NP oligomers. Support for this unique mechanism is provided by site-directed mutagenesis studies, biophysical characterization of the oligomeric ligand:NP complex, and an X-ray cocrystal structure of an NP dimer of trimers (or hexamer) comprising three NP_A:NP_B dimeric subunits. Each NP_A:NP_B dimeric subunit contains two ligands that bridge two composite, protein-spanning binding sites in an antiparallel orientation to form a stable quaternary complex. Optimization of the initial screening hit produced an analog that protects mice from influenza-induced weight loss and mortality by reducing viral titers to undetectable levels throughout the course of treatment.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Synergistic action by multi-targeting compounds produces a potent compound combination for human NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: Synergistic action by multi-targeting compounds produces a potent compound combination for human NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo Cell Death and Disease 5, e1138 (March 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.76 Authors: C Zhang, S Zhai, X Li, Q Zhang, L Wu, Y Liu, C Jiang, H Zhou, F Li, S Zhang, G Su, B Zhang & B Yan
    Keywords: thiazolidinonecombination therapysynergistic effecthistone deacetylase inhibitorP-glycoproteinapoptosis
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Uncoupling of the spectrin-based skeleton from the lipid bilayer in sickled red cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: The distribution of spectrin and band 3 in deoxygenated reversibly sickled cells was visualized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Antibodies against band 3, the major lipid-associated transmembrane protein, labeled the entire cell body, including the entire length of the long protruding spicule, whereas antibodies against spectrin labeled only the cell body and the base region of the spicules. The results suggest that the formation of long spicules during sickling is associated with a continuous polymerization of hemoglobin S polymers, presumably through gaps in the spectrin-actin meshwork, and a subsequent uncoupling of the lipid bilayer from the submembrane skeleton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, S C -- Derick, L H -- Zhai, S -- Palek, J -- HL-15157-7/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-27215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-37462/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):574-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology-Oncology, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2020854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*blood ; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/*ultrastructure ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*ultrastructure ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/ultrastructure ; Humans ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Lipids/*blood ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Spectrin/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    From fighting depression to conquering tumors: a novel tricyclic thiazepine compound as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: From fighting depression to conquering tumors: a novel tricyclic thiazepine compound as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor Cell Death and Disease 7, e2143 (March 2016). doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.53 Authors: Y Mu, Y Liu, J Xiang, Q Zhang, S Zhai, D P Russo, H Zhu, X Bai & B Yan
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Long-distance integration of nuclear ERK signaling triggered by activation of a few dendritic spines (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: The late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamatergic synapses, which is thought to underlie long-lasting memory, requires gene transcription in the nucleus. However, the mechanism by which signaling initiated at synapses is transmitted into the nucleus to induce transcription has remained elusive. Here, we found that induction of LTP in only three to seven dendritic spines in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons was sufficient to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the nucleus and regulate downstream transcription factors. Signaling from individual spines was integrated over a wide range of time (〉30 minutes) and space (〉80 micrometers). Spatially dispersed inputs over multiple branches activated nuclear ERK much more efficiently than clustered inputs over one branch. Thus, biochemical signals from individual dendritic spines exert profound effects on nuclear signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhai, Shenyu -- Ark, Eugene D -- Parra-Bueno, Paula -- Yasuda, Ryohei -- R01 MH080047/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS068410/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1107-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1245622.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/enzymology/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Spines/enzymology/*physiology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Glutamates/metabolism ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Genetic Adaptation of Schizothoracine Fish to the Phased Uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-14
    Description: Many species of Schizothoracine, a subfamily of Cyprinidae, are highly endemic to the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To characterize the adaptive changes associated with the Schizothoracine expansion at high altitudes, we sequenced tissue transcriptomes of two highland and two subhighland Schizothoracines and analyzed gene evolution patterns by comparing with lowland cyprinids. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction and divergence time estimation indicated that the common ancestor of Schizothoracine fish lived ~32.7 million years ago (MYA), coinciding with the timing of the first phase of QTP uplifting. Both high- and subhigh-Schizothoracines demonstrated elevated d N /d S ratios in the protein-coding genes compared to lowland cyprinids, from which some biological processes implicated in altitude adaptation were commonly identified. On the other hand, the highland and subhighland lineages presented drastically divergent landscapes of positively selected genes (PSGs), enriched with very different gene ontology (GO) profiles, including those in "sensory organ morphogenesis," "regulation of protein ubiquitination," "blood circulation," and "blood vessel development." These results indicated different selection pressures imposed on the highland and subhighland lineages of the Schizothoracine subfamily, with a higher number of genes in the high-altitude species involved in adaptations such as sensory perception, blood circulation, and protein metabolism. Our study indicated divergent genetic adaptations in the aquatic species facing the phased uplifting of QTP.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Dynamic Convergent Evolution Drives the Passage Adaptation across 48 Years History of H3N2 Influenza Evolution (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: Influenza viruses are often propagated in a diverse set of culturing media and additional substitutions known as passage adaptation can cause extra evolution in the target strain, leading to ineffective vaccines. Using 25,482 H3N2 HA1 sequences curated from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases, we found that passage adaptation is a very dynamic process that changes over time and evolves in a seesaw like pattern. After crossing the species boundary from bird to human in 1968, the influenza H3N2 virus evolves to be better adapted to the human environment and passaging them in embryonated eggs (i.e., an avian environment) leads to increasingly stronger positive selection. On the contrary, passage adaptation to the mammalian cell lines changes from positive selection to negative selection. Using two statistical tests, we identified 19 codon positions around the receptor binding domain strongly contributing to passage adaptation in the embryonated egg. These sites show strong convergent evolution and overlap extensively with positively selected sites identified in humans, suggesting that passage adaptation can confound many of the earlier studies on influenza evolution. Interestingly, passage adaptation in recent years seems to target a few codon positions in antigenic surface epitopes, which makes it difficult to produce antigenically unaltered vaccines using embryonic eggs. Our study outlines another interesting scenario whereby both convergent and adaptive evolution are working in synchrony driving viral adaptation. Future studies from sequence analysis to vaccine production need to take careful consideration of passage adaptation.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-deflection bending of symmetrically laminated rectilinearly orthotropic elliptical plates including transverse shear (1997)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 67 (1997), S. 507-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words plate ; bending ; laminate ; orthotropy ; large deflections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The nonlinear bending theory for symmetrically laminated elliptical plates exhibiting rectilinear orthotropy with transverse shear deformation is developed. Using Galerkin's method, the paper solves the problem of large deflections for plates under uniform lateral pressure. The special case of symmetrically laminated rectilinearly orthotropic circular plates is also discussed. Analytical solutions obtained may be applied directly to the design of engineering structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050135
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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