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  • Signal Transduction  (1.128)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of public information when foraging: effects of time available to sample foods (1999)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 2 (1999), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Social learning ; Temporal constraints ; Public information ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract It has been proposed that use of socially acquired information by animals should increase as the time available for individual resource sampling decreases. We gave Norway rat “observers” either 2 or 5 h day–1 to sample four foods. Three of these foods were relatively palatable, but protein-poor; the fourth was relatively unpalatable, but protein-rich. We found that observer rats that for 2 h day–1 both sampled foods and interacted with demonstrators eating only the protein-rich food ate more of the protein-rich food than did observers that sampled for 2 h day–1 but had no opportunity to interact with demonstrators. On the other hand, observer rats that could sample foods for 5 h day–1 ate equal amounts of protein-rich food whether they interacted with a demonstrator fed protein-rich food or not. Subsequent analyses showed that the time available to observers to sample foods, rather than the opportunity to interact with demonstrators determined whether such interaction influenced observers’ food choices. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that animals increase their use of public information in response to temporal constraints on opportunities for resource sampling.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050030
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of penitrem A on rat's performances in passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 138 (1997), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Learning ; Memory ; Morris water maze ; Passive avoidance ; Penitrem A ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Intraperitoneal administration of the mycotoxin penitrem A 30 min before a training session in passive avoidance task, impaired performance of rats subjected to a test-session 24 h after. This effect was not antagonised by pretraining administration of physostigmine or bicuculline. Administration of penitrem A 20 min before a training session or 30 min before a test-session did not impair performance. In the Morris water maze, doses of penitrem A that induces slight to moderate tremors, but not a lower dose, disrupted place learning. These results suggest that penitrem A disrupts the processes that take place at the time of acquisition, but not those just after acquisition, and does not alter the restitution of information. This effect would not be related to a decrease of cholinergic neurotransmission nor to a stimulation of GABA A receptors. Nevertheless, it could not be totally excluded that the performance impairments induced by penitrem A would be secondary to a motor disruption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006853600205
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances bone healing, guided by osteopromotive e-PTFE membranes: An experimental study in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 549-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone development ; Bone morphogenetic protein ; Artificial membrane ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It has been shown earlier that it is possible to improve bone healing, to regenerate previously existing bone, and to create new bone by means of an osteopromotive membrane technique. The present study addresses the question of whether it is possible to combine this technique with a locally applied factor, stimulatory to osteogenesis. Circular transosseous ‘critical size’ defects in mandibles of rats were either implanted with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP-2) or were left empty; half the number of implanted and half the number of empty defects were covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (GORE-TEX®). Results were evaluated after 12 and 24 days of healing by a histomorphological scoring system. Implantation of rhBMP-2 alone resulted in bony bridging of the defect after only 12 days, but also in voluminous amounts of new bone outside the original defect area. When rhBMP-2 was combined with membrane, newly formed woven bone bridged the defect and the bone contour was maintained by the membrane. The combined treatment with membrane and rhBMP-2 demonstrated a significantly better bone healing than with e-PTFE membrane alone at both 12 days and 24 days of healing. It was concluded that rhBMP-2 has a strong osteoinductive potential and, in contrast to what was found earlier with other types of BMP preparations, this potential was retained when combining the rhBMP-2 with the osteopromotive membrane technique, yielding better bone healing than with the membrane alone, and at the same time maintaining the bone contour. This combination may have important therapeutic applications for osseous healing and in reconstructive surgery. The study also shows the importance of an appropriate carrier material when applying stimulatory substances to enhance bone formation in combination with a membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298588
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Limited polymorphism in the first domain of the rat MHC class II RT1-D molecule (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 48 (1998), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Genes ; MHC class II ; Histocompatibility antigens ; Polymorphism (genetics) ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050442
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of lithium on thyroidal 131iodine uptake, its clearance, and circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in lead-treated rats (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Iodine uptake ; Lead ; Lithium ; Rats ; Thyroid ; Thyroid hormones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract  The influence of lead acetate (50 mg per kg body weight) on the 131iodine (131I) biokinetics (uptake and retention) in rat thyroid and serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) as well as thyroxine (T4) was evaluated as a function of time and in combination with lithium treatment. The 2-h and 24-h uptake of 131I in the thyroid was stimulated significantly by lead treatment. The 24-h uptake showed a maximum stimulation after 4 months of lead treatment. Lithium supplementation, however, showed the opposite effect by reducing the iodine uptake, whereby the maximum decrease was noticed after 2 months of treatment. Further, simultaneous lead and lithium treatment resulted in an even more pronounced increase of 2-h 131I uptake with a maximum after 3 months. However, the 24-h uptake after 3 months and 4 months of treatment did not differ significantly from the lead treated reference groups. The thyroidal biological half-life of 131I (Tbiol) was found to have clearly increased following the lead/lithium treatment. Interestingly, the combined lead/lithium treatment applied for 4 months caused a further growth of Tbiol, thus reflecting an increased retention of 131I. A maximum increase of Tbiol was seen after 2 months of combined treatment. A progressive decline of the circulating T3 and T4 levels following lead or lithium treatment was noticed and was more pronounced after combined treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050166
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ decreases plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rats: towards chromium-containing therapeutics (1999)
    Springer
    JBIC 4 (1999), S. 838-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Schlagwort(e): Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance ; Chromium ; Rats ; Cholesterol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 3 O(O2CCH2CH3)6 (H2O)3]+ 1 and a naturally occurring, biologically active form of chromium, low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr), to rats are described. Given that the complexes are proposed to function by interacting with insulin receptor, trapping it in its active conformation, in contrast to current chromium-containing nutrition supplements, which only serve as sources of absorbable chromium, changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism would be expected. After 12 weeks administration (20 μg/kg body mass), compound 1 results in 40% lower levels of blood plasma LDL cholesterol, 33% lower levels of total cholesterol, and significantly lower HDL cholesterol and triglyceride; these results are in stark contrast to those of administration of other forms of Cr(III) to rats, which have no effect on these parameters. LMWCr, in contrast to 1, has no effect as it probably is degraded in vivoor excreted. These results are interpreted in terms of the mechanism of chromium action in response to insulin and the activation of insulin receptor, and the potential for the rational design of chromium-containing therapeutics is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050357
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential stock differences in the social behavior of rats in a situation of restricted access to food (1995)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 25 (1995), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): Rats ; stock comparisons ; social behavior ; food retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The social behavior of outbred Long-Evans (LE) and Wistar (WI) rats was compared in a situation where access to food was particularly difficult (clearing an aquatic barrier, plus the necessity of carrying the food back to the home cage). In groups of either six WI or LE rats, only about 50% of individuals carried the food, and the others survived by attacking those that did. However, behavioral profiles associated with these acts were different in the two cases: LE carriers, contrary to WI carriers, restole some food, and LE noncarriers expressed more agonistic behavior and were more often attacked than were the WI noncarriers. Food flow and all associated, interactive behaviors were more complex in the LE than in the WI rats, indicating the likelihood of potential genetic differences in this testing situation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253377
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-goal positioning influences spatial representation in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 2 (1999), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Animal spatial cognition ; Spatial ; representation ; Rats ; Navigation mechanisms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three tests investigated how the geometric relation between object/landmarks and goals influenced spatial choice behavior in rats. Two groups searched for hidden food in an object-filled circular arena containing 24 small poles. For the “Proximal” group, four distinct objects in a square configuration were placed close to four baited poles. For the “Distal” group, the identical configuration of objects was rotated 45° relative to the poles containing the hidden food. The Proximal group learned to locate the baited poles more quickly than the Distal group. Tests with removed and rearranged landmarks indicated that the two groups learned to use the objects differently. The results suggested that close proximity of objects to goals encouraged their use as beacons, while greater distance of objects from goals resulted in the global encoding of the geometric properties of the arena and the use of the objects as landmarks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050024
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of saturated fatty acids on amylase release from exocrine pancreatic segments of sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Exocrine pancreas ; Fatty acids ; Amylase release ; Sheep ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Stimulatory effects of saturated fatty acids consisting of 4 (butyrate), 8 (octanoate), 12 (laurate) and 16 (palmitate) carbon atoms, as well as acetylcholine on pancreatic amylase release were assessed in tissue segments isolated from sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice. The amount of amylase release induced by the fatty acids (1 μmol ⋅ l-1 to 10 mml ⋅ l-1) and by acetylcholine (10 nmol ⋅ l-1 to 100 μmol ⋅ l-1) increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the maximum response in response to the fatty acids was obtained at the maximal dose used. The maximum increase in amylase release in response to butyrate or octanoate was highly and significantly (r=0.974, P〈0.001) dependent on the log value of the mean body mass in the following order: sheep〉rats〉hamsters〉field voles〉mice. On the other hand, the response to laurate and palmitate was variable among animal species. Addition of atropine (1.4 μmol ⋅ l-1) to the medium did not reduce the responses to octanoate stimulation, but significantly reduced acetylcholineinduced responses, implying that the effects of the fatty acids were not mediated through activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Reduction of calcium ion concentration in the medium significantly inhibited the responses induced by the fatty acids and acetylcholine, suggesting that amylase release depends on extracellular calcium ions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050012
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of saturated fatty acids on amylase release from exocrine pancreatic segments of sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Fatty acids ; Amylase release ; Sheep ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Stimulatory effects of saturated fatty acids consisting of 4 (butyrate), 8 (octanoate), 12 (laurate) and 16 (palmitate) carbon atoms, as well as acetylcholine on pancreatic amylase release were assessed in tissue segments isolated from sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice. The amount of amylase release induced by the fatty acids (1 μmol·l−1 to 10 mml·l−1) and by acetylcholine (10 nmol·l−1 to 100 μmol·l−1) increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the maximum response in response to the fatty acids was obtained at the maximal dose used. The maximum increase in amylase release in response to butyrate or octanoate was highly and significantly (r=0.974,P〈0.001) dependent on the log value of the mean body mass in the following order: sheep 〉 rats 〉 hamsters 〉 field voles 〉 mice. On the other hand, the response to laurate and palmitate was variable among animal species. Addition of atropine (1.4 μmol·l−1) to the medium did not reduce the responses to octanoate stimulation, but significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced responses implying that the effects of the fatty acids were not mediated through activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Reduction of calcium ion concentration in the medium significantly inhibited the responses induced by the fatty acids and acetylcholine, suggesting that amylase release depends on extracellular calcium ions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439916
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative analysis of temazepam in plasma by capillary gas chromatography: Application to pharmacokinetic studies in rats (1997)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 44 (1997), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Temazepam in plasma ; Pharmacokinetic studies ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A sensitive method was developed for the determination of temazepam in plasma using capillary gas chromatography. After the extraction into dichloromethane-pentane (1∶1), temazepam was quantitated as its O-trimethylsilyl derivative on a capillary column with a63Ni electron capture detector using prazepam as internal standard. The detector response was found to be linear in the concentration range 0.031 to 8 μg mL−1. The detection limit was about 3.5 ng mL−1. The intraday and inter-day coefficients of variation were below 9%. The method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of temazepam in rats after intravenous administration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02466451
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutritional studies on rats and fish (carp Cyprinus carpio) fed diets containing unheated and heated Jatropha curcas meal of a non-toxic provenance (1999)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 53 (1999), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Schlagwort(e): Carp ; Feed conversion ratio ; Fish ; Jatropha curcas ; Lectins ; Productive protein value ; Protein efficiency ratio ; Rats ; Trypsin inhibitors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Unheated and heated (121 °C, 66% moisture; 15, 30 and 45 min) Jatropha meals of non-toxic provenance from Veracruz state in Mexico were evaluated using rats and fish. With rats, the weight gain was highest for the casein diet followed by heated (30 min; only this treatment was studied using rats) and unheated Jatropha meal containing diets. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) for unheated and heated Jatropha meal containing diets was 37 and 86%, respectively, of the casein diet. On the other hand, the body weight gain, PER and feed conversion ratio of fish were statistically similar for unheated and heated (15, 30 and 45 min) Jatropha meal containing diets fed for a period of 35 days. Although these parameters were statistically similar for the unheated and heated Jatropha meal containing diets, the body weight gain, PER and protein productive value were highest and the feed conversion ratio lowest with 15 min heated Jatropha meal, suggesting that the heat treatment for 15 min is optimal for the meal. Trypsin inhibitor and lectin activities decreased drastically (〉83 and 99%, respectively) after 30 and 45 min of heat treatment and after 15 min, the residual lectin activity was negligible and the residual trypsin inhibitor activity was 34%. These results, together with the nutritional parameters investigated, imply that Jatropha trypsin inhibitors and lectins do not have any adverse effects on carp at least up to 35 days of feeding. The nutritional value of Jatropha meal of the non-toxic provenance is high, and potential exists for its incorporation into the diets of monogastrics, fish and possibly humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008087627894
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  • 13
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2002-09-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2002-03-23
    Beschreibung: Activity-dependent modulation of synaptic efficacy in the brain contributes to neural circuit development and experience-dependent plasticity. Although glia are affected by activity and ensheathe synapses, their influence on synaptic strength has largely been ignored. Here, we show that a protein produced by glia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), enhances synaptic efficacy by increasing surface expression of AMPA receptors. Preventing the actions of endogenous TNFalpha has the opposite effects. Thus, the continual presence of TNFalpha is required for preservation of synaptic strength at excitatory synapses. Through its effects on AMPA receptor trafficking, TNFalpha may play roles in synaptic plasticity and modulating responses to neural injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beattie, Eric C -- Stellwagen, David -- Morishita, Wade -- Bresnahan, Jacqueline C -- Ha, Byeong Keun -- Von Zastrow, Mark -- Beattie, Michael S -- Malenka, Robert C -- DA00439/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH063394/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 31193/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38079/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2282-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Visualization and functional analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lattices (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2002-06-22
    Beschreibung: Positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes of their eukaryotic hosts. Electron microscopy has revealed that purified poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase forms planar and tubular oligomeric arrays. The structural integrity of these arrays correlates with cooperative RNA binding and RNA elongation and is sensitive to mutations that disrupt intermolecular contacts predicted by the polymerase structure. Membranous vesicles isolated from poliovirus-infected cells contain structures consistent with the presence of two-dimensional polymerase arrays on their surfaces during infection. Therefore, host cytoplasmic membranes may function as physical foundations for two-dimensional polymerase arrays, conferring the advantages of surface catalysis to viral RNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyle, John M -- Bullitt, Esther -- Bienz, Kurt -- Kirkegaard, Karla -- AI-42119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2218-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Poliovirus/*enzymology/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Viral Core Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2002-05-04
    Beschreibung: There is a relation between stress and alcohol drinking. We show that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system that mediates endocrine and behavioral responses to stress plays a role in the control of long-term alcohol drinking. In mice lacking a functional CRH1 receptor, stress leads to enhanced and progressively increasing alcohol intake. The effect of repeated stress on alcohol drinking behavior appeared with a delay and persisted throughout life. It was associated with an up-regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2B. Alterations in the CRH1 receptor gene and adaptional changes in NR2B subunits may constitute a genetic risk factor for stress-induced alcohol drinking and alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sillaber, Inge -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Zimmermann, Stephan -- Mahal, Beatrice -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Wurst, Wolfgang -- Holsboer, Florian -- Spanagel, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):931-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. sillaber@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*etiology/genetics ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology ; Ethanol/blood ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Stem cells. Setting standards for human embryonic stem cells (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-05-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brivanlou, Ali H -- Gage, Fred H -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Jessell, Thomas -- Melton, Douglas -- Rossant, Janet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. brvnlou@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Databases, Factual ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Registries ; Research/standards ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2002-05-11
    Beschreibung: Breast cancer manifests itself in the mammary epithelium, yet there is a growing recognition that mammary stromal cells also play an important role in tumorigenesis. During its developmental cycle, the mammary gland displays many of the properties associated with breast cancer, and many of the stromal factors necessary for mammary development also promote or protect against breast cancer. Here we review our present knowledge of the specific factors and cell types that contribute to epithelial-stromal crosstalk during mammary development. To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, we must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiseman, Bryony S -- Werb, Zena -- CA57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipocytes/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Communication ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex essential for platelet aggregation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-07-12
    Beschreibung: Direct interaction between platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and thrombin is required for platelet aggregation and activation at sites of vascular injury. Abnormal GpIbalpha-thrombin binding is associated with many pathological conditions,including occlusive arterial thrombosis and bleeding disorders. The crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution reveals simultaneous interactions of GpIbalpha with exosite I of one thrombin molecule,and with exosite II of a second thrombin molecule. In the crystal lattice,the periodic arrangement of GpIbalpha-thrombin complexes mirrors a scaffold that could serve as a driving force for tight platelet adhesion. The details of these interactions reconcile GpIbalpha-thrombin binding modes that are presently controversial,highlighting two distinct interfaces that are potential targets for development of novel antithrombotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dumas, John J -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Seehra, Jasbir -- Somers, William S -- Mosyak, Lidia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Blood Platelets/chemistry/physiology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; *Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thrombin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Cylindrical channels from concave helices (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calladine, C R -- Pratap, V -- Chandran, V -- Mizuguchi, K -- Luisi, B F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):661-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12561825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry ; Glycine/chemistry ; Ion Channels/*chemistry ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    Closing of the nucleotide pocket of kinesin-family motors upon binding to microtubules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-05-06
    Beschreibung: We have used adenosine diphosphate analogs containing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin moieties and EPR spectroscopy to show that the nucleotide-binding site of kinesin-family motors closes when the motor.diphosphate complex binds to microtubules. Structural analyses demonstrate that a domain movement in the switch 1 region at the nucleotide site, homologous to domain movements in the switch 1 region in the G proteins [heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins], explains the EPR data. The switch movement primes the motor both for the free energy-yielding nucleotide hydrolysis reaction and for subsequent conformational changes that are crucial for the generation of force and directed motion along the microtubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naber, Nariman -- Minehardt, Todd J -- Rice, Sarah -- Chen, Xiaoru -- Grammer, Jean -- Matuska, Marija -- Vale, Ronald D -- Kollman, Peter A -- Car, Roberto -- Yount, Ralph G -- Cooke, Roger -- Pate, Edward -- AR39643/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK05915/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. naber@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Structural biology. Complex II is complex too (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-02-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hederstedt, Lars -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):671-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. lars.hederstedt@cob.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex II ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Heme/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Multienzyme Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; Ubiquinone/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    Biomedicine. Ataxin-1 regulators in the spotlight (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-07-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heintz, Nathaniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):59-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. heintz@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 14-3-3 Proteins ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Ataxin-1 ; Ataxins ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Peptides ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/etiology/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-06-14
    Beschreibung: In eukaryotes, the combinatorial association of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins is essential for transcription. We have used protein arrays to test 492 pairings of a nearly complete set of coiled-coil strands from human basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. We find considerable partnering selectivity despite the bZIPs' homologous sequences. The interaction data are of high quality, as assessed by their reproducibility, reciprocity, and agreement with previous observations. Biophysical studies in solution support the relative binding strengths observed with the arrays. New associations provide insights into the circadian clock and the unfolded protein response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, John R S -- Keating, Amy E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2097-101. Epub 2003 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Circadian Rhythm ; Circular Dichroism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; G-Box Binding Factors ; Humans ; *Leucine Zippers ; Peptides/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-08-16
    Beschreibung: Plants attacked by pathogens rapidly deposit callose, a beta-1,3-glucan, at wound sites. Traditionally, this deposition is thought to reinforce the cell wall and is regarded as a defense response. Surprisingly, here we found that powdery mildew resistant 4 (pmr4), a mutant lacking pathogen-induced callose, became resistant to pathogens, rather than more susceptible. This resistance was due to mutation of a callose synthase, resulting in a loss of the induced callose response. Double-mutant analysis indicated that blocking the salicylic acid (SA) defense signaling pathway was sufficient to restore susceptibility to pmr4 mutants. Thus, callose or callose synthase negatively regulates the SA pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishimura, Marc T -- Stein, Monica -- Hou, Bi-Huei -- Vogel, John P -- Edwards, Herb -- Somerville, Shauna C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):969-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Ascomycota/*physiology ; Cell Death ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Glucans/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/*genetics/metabolism ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; *Plant Diseases ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Salicylic Acid/*metabolism ; *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Role of Raf in vascular protection from distinct apoptotic stimuli (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-07-05
    Beschreibung: Raf kinases have been linked to endothelial cell survival. Here, we show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) differentially activate Raf, resulting in protection from distinct pathways of apoptosis in human endothelial cells and chick embryo vasculature. bFGF activated Raf-1 via p21-activated protein kinase-1 (PAK-1) phosphorylation of serines 338 and 339, resulting in Raf-1 mitochondrial translocation and endothelial cell protection from the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, independent of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1). In contrast, VEGF activated Raf-1 via Src kinase, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosines 340 and 341 and MEK1-dependent protection from extrinsic-mediated apoptosis. These findings implicate Raf-1 as a pivotal regulator of endothelial cell survival during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alavi, Alireza -- Hood, John D -- Frausto, Ricardo -- Stupack, Dwayne G -- Cheresh, David A -- CA45726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA75924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA78045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):94-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Transport ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Umbilical Veins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; p21-Activated Kinases ; src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    Structural basis of multiple drug-binding capacity of the AcrB multidrug efflux pump (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-05-10
    Beschreibung: Multidrug efflux pumps cause serious problems in cancer chemotherapy and treatment of bacterial infections. Yet high-resolution structures of ligand transporter complexes have previously been unavailable. We obtained x-ray crystallographic structures of the trimeric AcrB pump from Escherichia coli with four structurally diverse ligands. The structures show that three molecules of ligands bind simultaneously to the extremely large central cavity of 5000 cubic angstroms, primarily by hydrophobic, aromatic stacking and van der Waals interactions. Each ligand uses a slightly different subset of AcrB residues for binding. The bound ligand molecules often interact with each other, stabilizing the binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Edward W -- McDermott, Gerry -- Zgurskaya, Helen I -- Nikaido, Hiroshi -- Koshland, Daniel E Jr -- AI 09644/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):976-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Ciprofloxacin/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dequalinium/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Ethidium/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rhodamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    Facilitation of spinal NMDA receptor currents by spillover of synaptically released glycine (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-06-28
    Beschreibung: In the mammalian CNS, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors serve prominent roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including pain transmission. For full activation, NMDA receptors require the binding of glycine. It is not known whether the brain uses changes in extracellular glycine to modulate synaptic NMDA responses. Here, we show that synaptically released glycine facilitates NMDA receptor currents in the superficial dorsal horn, an area critically involved in pain processing. During high presynaptic activity, glycine released from inhibitory interneurons escapes the synaptic cleft and reaches nearby NMDA receptors by so-called spillover. In vivo, this process may contribute to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Muth-Selbach, Uta -- Lauterbach, Andreas -- Lipfert, Peter -- Neuhuber, Winfried L -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glycine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Serine/pharmacology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Temperature
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    Botany. State transitions--a question of balance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-03-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Box 124, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. john.allen@plantbio.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Fluorescence ; Gene Library ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Plastoquinone/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thylakoids/*enzymology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    Derepression of BDNF transcription involves calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-11-01
    Beschreibung: Mutations in MeCP2, which encodes a protein that has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional repressor, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RT T), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. Although the selective inactivation of MeCP2 in neurons is sufficient to confer a Rett-like phenotype in mice, the specific functions of MeCP2 in postmitotic neurons are not known. We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene. Membrane depolarization triggers the calcium-dependent phosphorylation and release of MeCP2 from BDNF promoter III, thereby facilitating transcription. These studies indicate that MeCP2 plays a key role in the control of neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation and suggest that the deregulation of this process may underlie the pathology of RT T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wen G -- Chang, Qiang -- Lin, Yingxi -- Meissner, Alexander -- West, Anne E -- Griffith, Eric C -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):885-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 31
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    Experience strengthening transmission by driving AMPA receptors into synapses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2003-03-08
    Beschreibung: The mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity in the brain may depend on the AMPA subclass of glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs). We examined the trafficking of AMPA-Rs into synapses in the developing rat barrel cortex. In vivo gene delivery was combined with in vitro recordings to show that experience drives recombinant GluR1, an AMPA-R subunit, into synapses formed between layer 4 and layer 2/3 neurons. Moreover, expression of the GluR1 cytoplasmic tail, a construct that inhibits synaptic delivery of endogenous AMPA-Rs during long-term potentiation, blocked experience-driven synaptic potentiation. In general, synaptic incorporation of AMPA-Rs in vivo conforms to rules identified in vitro and contributes to plasticity driven by natural stimuli in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, Takuya -- Svoboda, Karel -- Malinow, Roberto -- NS032827/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jones Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*metabolism/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sindbis Virus/genetics ; Somatosensory Cortex/*metabolism/virology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Touch ; Vibrissae/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Driving the growth cone (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-09-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caroni, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. caroni@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholine/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cyclic GMP/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 33
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    Structural basis for a Ca2+-sensing function of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-28
    Beschreibung: The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely distributed in the brain and play important roles in synaptic plasticity. Here it is shown that some types of mGluRs are activated not only by glutamate but also by extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o). A single amino acid residue was found to determine the sensitivity of mGluRs to Ca2+o. One of the receptors, mGluR1alpha, but not its point mutant with reduced sensitivity to Ca2+o, caused morphological changes when transfected into mammalian cells. Thus, the sensing of Ca2+o by mGluRs may be important in cells under physiological condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kubo, Y -- Miyashita, T -- Murata, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai 2-6, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan. ykubo@tmin.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Size ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Point Mutation ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Rats ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transfection ; Xenopus laevis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 34
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    Structural basis of plasticity in T cell receptor recognition of a self peptide-MHC antigen (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-21
    Beschreibung: The T cell receptor (TCR) inherently has dual specificity. T cells must recognize self-antigens in the thymus during maturation and then discriminate between foreign pathogens in the periphery. A molecular basis for this cross-reactivity is elucidated by the crystal structure of the alloreactive 2C TCR bound to self peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigen H-2Kb-dEV8 refined against anisotropic 3.0 angstrom resolution x-ray data. The interface between peptide and TCR exhibits extremely poor shape complementarity, and the TCR beta chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) has minimal interaction with the dEV8 peptide. Large conformational changes in three of the TCR CDR loops are induced upon binding, providing a mechanism of structural plasticity to accommodate a variety of different peptide antigens. Extensive TCR interaction with the pMHC alpha helices suggests a generalized orientation that is mediated by the Valpha domain of the TCR and rationalizes how TCRs can effectively "scan" different peptides bound within a large, low-affinity MHC structural framework for those that provide the slight additional kinetic stabilization required for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, K C -- Degano, M -- Pease, L R -- Huang, M -- Peterson, P A -- Teyton, L -- Wilson, I A -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42267/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA58896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1166-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; H-2 Antigens/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-02-07
    Beschreibung: The Son of Sevenless (Sos) proteins control receptor-mediated activation of Ras by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate on Ras. The NH2-terminal region of Sos contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain in tandem with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In COS-1 cells, the DH domain of Sos stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange on Rac but not Cdc42 in vitro and in vivo. The tandem DH-PH domain of Sos (DH-PH-Sos) was defective in Rac activation but regained Rac stimulating activity when it was coexpressed with activated Ras. Ras-mediated activation of DH-PH-Sos did not require activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase but it was dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results reveal a potential mechanism for coupling of Ras and Rac signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nimnual, A S -- Yatsula, B A -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA09176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA28146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Son of Sevenless Proteins ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Role of phosphorylation in regulation of the assembly of endocytic coat complexes (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-08-07
    Beschreibung: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves cycles of assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat components and their accessory proteins. Dephosphorylation of rat brain extract was shown to promote the assembly of dynamin 1, synaptojanin 1, and amphiphysin into complexes that also included clathrin and AP-2. Phosphorylation of dynamin 1 and synaptojanin 1 inhibited their binding to amphiphysin, whereas phosphorylation of amphiphysin inhibited its binding to AP-2 and clathrin. Thus, phosphorylation regulates the association and dissociation cycle of the clathrin-based endocytic machinery, and calcium-dependent dephosphorylation of endocytic proteins could prepare nerve terminals for a burst of endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slepnev, V I -- Ochoa, G C -- Butler, M H -- Grabs, D -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36251/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dimerization ; Dynamin I ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Indole Alkaloids ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 37
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    A receptor/cytoskeletal movement triggered by costimulation during T cell activation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-12-18
    Beschreibung: During T cell activation, the engagement of costimulatory molecules is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is not known. Here, it is shown that beads attached to the surface of a T cell translocate toward the interface shortly after the start of T cell activation. This movement appears to depend on myosin motor proteins and requires the engagement of the major costimulatory receptor pairs, B7-CD28 and ICAM-1-LFA-1. This suggests that the engagement of costimulatory receptors triggers an active accumulation of molecules at the interface of the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell, which then increases the overall amplitude and duration of T cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulfing, C -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Biotinylation ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 38
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    Cholinergic switching within neocortical inhibitory networks (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-08-14
    Beschreibung: Differential actions of acetylcholine on the excitability of two subtypes of interneurons in layer V of the rat visual cortex were examined. Acetylcholine excited low-threshold spike (LTS) cells through nicotinic receptors, whereas it elicited hyperpolarization in fast spiking (FS) cells through muscarinic receptors. Axons of LTS cells were mainly distributed vertically to upper layers, and those of FS cells were primarily confined to layer V. Thus, cortical cholinergic activation may reduce some forms of intralaminar inhibition, promote intracolumnar inhibition, and change the direction of information flow within cortical circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiang, Z -- Huguenard, J R -- Prince, D A -- NS 06477/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 07280/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 12151/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):985-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholine/*physiology ; Animals ; Hexamethonium/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    A preorganized active site in the crystal structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-12-05
    Beschreibung: Group I introns possess a single active site that catalyzes the two sequential reactions of self-splicing. An RNA comprising the two domains of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron catalytic core retains activity, and the 5.0 angstrom crystal structure of this 247-nucleotide ribozyme is now described. Close packing of the two domains forms a shallow cleft capable of binding the short helix that contains the 5' splice site. The helix that provides the binding site for the guanosine substrate deviates significantly from A-form geometry, providing a tight binding pocket. The binding pockets for both the 5' splice site helix and guanosine are formed and oriented in the absence of these substrates. Thus, this large ribozyme is largely preorganized for catalysis, much like a globular protein enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golden, B L -- Gooding, A R -- Podell, E R -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):259-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA. bgolden@petunia.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Introns ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Expansion of the allelic exclusion principle? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-04-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chess, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2067-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. chess@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Alleles ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Structure of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit amino-terminal domain (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-07-10
    Beschreibung: The 2.5 angstrom resolution x-ray crystal structure of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) alpha subunit amino-terminal domain (alphaNTD), which is necessary and sufficient to dimerize and assemble the other RNAP subunits into a transcriptionally active enzyme and contains all of the sequence elements conserved among eukaryotic alpha homologs, has been determined. The alphaNTD monomer comprises two distinct, flexibly linked domains, only one of which participates in the dimer interface. In the alphaNTD dimer, a pair of helices from one monomer interact with the cognate helices of the other to form an extensive hydrophobic core. All of the determinants for interactions with the other RNAP subunits lie on one face of the alphaNTD dimer. Sequence alignments, combined with secondary-structure predictions, support proposals that a heterodimer of the eukaryotic RNAP subunits related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpb3 and Rpb11 plays the role of the alphaNTD dimer in prokaryotic RNAP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, G -- Darst, S A -- GM19441-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM53759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):262-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9657722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Alignment
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    FADD: essential for embryo development and signaling from some, but not all, inducers of apoptosis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-04-16
    Beschreibung: FADD (also known as Mort-1) is a signal transducer downstream of cell death receptor CD95 (also called Fas). CD95, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1), and death receptor 3 (DR3) did not induce apoptosis in FADD-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, whereas DR4, oncogenes E1A and c-myc, and chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin did. Mice with a deletion in the FADD gene did not survive beyond day 11.5 of embryogenesis; these mice showed signs of cardiac failure and abdominal hemorrhage. Chimeric embryos showing a high contribution of FADD null mutant cells to the heart reproduce the phenotype of FADD-deficient mutants. Thus, not only death receptors, but also receptors that couple to developmental programs, may use FADD for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, W C -- de la Pompa, J L -- McCurrach, M E -- Shu, H B -- Elia, A J -- Shahinian, A -- Ng, M -- Wakeham, A -- Khoo, W -- Mitchell, K -- El-Deiry, W S -- Lowe, S W -- Goeddel, D V -- Mak, T W -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/embryology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/*embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-02-21
    Beschreibung: Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinases and their lipid products phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the signaling pathways used by a wide variety of growth factors, antigens, and inflammatory stimuli. PKB is a direct target of these lipids, but this regulation is complex. The lipids can bind to the pleckstrin homologous domain of PKB, causing its translocation to the membrane, and also enable upstream, Thr308-directed kinases to phosphorylate and activate PKB. Four isoforms of these PKB kinases were purified from sheep brain. They bound PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and associated with lipid vesicles containing it. These kinases contain an NH2-terminal catalytic domain and a COOH-terminal pleckstrin homologous domain, and their heterologous expression augments receptor activation of PKB, which suggests they are the primary signal transducers that enable PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns- (3,4)P2 to activate PKB and hence to control signaling pathways regulating cell survival, glucose uptake, and glycogen metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, L -- Anderson, K -- Stokoe, D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Painter, G F -- Holmes, A B -- Gaffney, P R -- Reese, C B -- McCormick, F -- Tempst, P -- Coadwell, J -- Hawkins, P T -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sheep ; *Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    Stabilization of interleukin-2 mRNA by the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-06-25
    Beschreibung: Signaling pathways that stabilize interleukin-2 (IL-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in activated T cells were examined. IL-2 mRNA contains at least two cis elements that mediated its stabilization in response to different signals, including activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). This response was mediated through a cis element encompassing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the beginning of the coding region. IL-2 transcripts lacking this 5' element no longer responded to JNK activation but were still responsive to other signals generated during T cell activation, which were probably sensed through the 3' UTR. Thus, multiple elements within IL-2 mRNA modulate its stability in a combinatorial manner, and the JNK pathway controls turnover as well as synthesis of IL-2 mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, C Y -- Del Gatto-Konczak, F -- Wu, Z -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1945-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antigens, CD28/immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 7 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transgenes ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
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    Dorsal-ventral signaling in the Drosophila eye (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-09-25
    Beschreibung: The development of the Drosophila eye has served as a model system for investigations of tissue patterning and cell-cell communication; however, early eye development has not been well understood. The results presented here indicate that specialized cells are established along the dorsal-ventral midline of the developing eye by Notch-mediated signaling between dorsal and ventral cells, and that Notch activation at the midline plays an essential role both in promoting the growth of the eye primordia and in regulating eye patterning. These observations imply that the developmental homology between Drosophila wings and vertebrate limbs extends to Drosophila eyes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulos, V -- Tomlinson, A -- Panin, V M -- Rauskolb, C -- Irvine, K D -- GM-R01-54594/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2031-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & development ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
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    Biological hydrogen production: not so elementary (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M W -- Stiefel, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. adams@bmb.uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Activation of the OxyR transcription factor by reversible disulfide bond formation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-28
    Beschreibung: The OxyR transcription factor is sensitive to oxidation and activates the expression of antioxidant genes in response to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed that OxyR is activated through the formation of a disulfide bond and is deactivated by enzymatic reduction with glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The gene encoding Grx1 is regulated by OxyR, thus providing a mechanism for autoregulation. The redox potential of OxyR was determined to be -185 millivolts, ensuring that OxyR is reduced in the absence of stress. These results represent an example of redox signaling through disulfide bond formation and reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, M -- Aslund, F -- Storz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cysteine/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disulfides/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Glutaredoxins ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Disulfide/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; *Oxidoreductases ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thioredoxins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 48
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    Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-10-09
    Beschreibung: Differential access to cocaine self-administration produced two patterns of drug intake in rats. With 1 hour of access per session, drug intake remained low and stable. In contrast, with 6 hours of access, drug intake gradually escalated over days. After escalation, drug consumption was characterized by an increased early drug loading and an upward shift in the cocaine dose-response function, suggesting an increase in hedonic set point. After 1 month of abstinence, escalation of cocaine intake was reinstated to a higher level than before. These findings may provide an animal model for studying the development of excessive drug intake and the basis of addiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmed, S H -- Koob, G F -- DA04398/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA08467/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):298-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN-7, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. aserge@sage.scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*etiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 49
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    Targeting the receptor-Gq interface to inhibit in vivo pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-05-09
    Beschreibung: Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein. For example, several receptors that couple to Gq class proteins can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Class-specific inhibition of Gq-mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl-terminal peptide of the alpha subunit Galphaq. When pressure overload was surgically induced, the transgenic mice developed significantly less ventricular hypertrophy than control animals. The data demonstrate the role of myocardial Gq in the initiation of myocardial hypertrophy and indicate a possible strategy for preventing pathophysiological signaling by simultaneously blocking multiple receptors coupled to Gq.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akhter, S A -- Luttrell, L M -- Rockman, H A -- Iaccarino, G -- Lefkowitz, R J -- Koch, W J -- HL-03041/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-09436/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics ; COS Cells ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/*metabolism/prevention & control ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Ventricular Pressure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    How a growth control path takes a wrong turn to cancer (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-09-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1438-9, 1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, APC ; *Genes, myc ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins ; beta Catenin
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A model for the mechanism of human topoisomerase I (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-21
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional structure of a 70-kilodalton amino terminally truncated form of human topoisomerase I in complex with a 22-base pair duplex oligonucleotide, determined to a resolution of 2.8 angstroms, reveals all of the structural elements of the enzyme that contact DNA. The linker region that connects the central core of the enzyme to the carboxyl-terminal domain assumes a coiled-coil configuration and protrudes away from the remainder of the enzyme. The positively charged DNA-proximal surface of the linker makes only a few contacts with the DNA downstream of the cleavage site. In combination with the crystal structures of the reconstituted human topoisomerase I before and after DNA cleavage, this information suggests which amino acid residues are involved in catalyzing phosphodiester bond breakage and religation. The structures also lead to the proposal that the topoisomerization step occurs by a mechanism termed "controlled rotation."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, L -- Redinbo, M R -- Qiu, X -- Hol, W G -- Champoux, J J -- CA65656/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM16713/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM49156/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1534-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomolecular Structure Center and Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7742, USA. emerald_biostructures@rocketmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Arginine/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tyrosine/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Reovirus therapy of tumors with activated Ras pathway (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-11-13
    Beschreibung: Human reovirus requires an activated Ras signaling pathway for infection of cultured cells. To investigate whether this property can be exploited for cancer therapy, severe combined immune deficient mice bearing tumors established from v-erbB-transformed murine NIH 3T3 cells or human U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with the virus. A single intratumoral injection of virus resulted in regression of tumors in 65 to 80 percent of the mice. Treatment of immune-competent C3H mice bearing tumors established from ras-transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells also resulted in tumor regression, although a series of injections were required. These results suggest that, with further work, reovirus may have applicability in the treatment of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coffey, M C -- Strong, J E -- Forsyth, P A -- Lee, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Genes, erbB ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology/*therapy/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 53
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    Cell division gatekeepers identified (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-02-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):477-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaphase/physiology ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cdc20 Proteins ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubules/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 54
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    Target-specific expression of presynaptic mossy fiber plasticity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-21
    Beschreibung: Mossy fiber synaptic transmission at hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells and interneurons was compared in rat brain slices to determine whether mossy terminals are functionally equivalent. Tetanic stimulation of mossy fibers induced long-term potentiation in pyramidal neurons but was either without effect or it induced depression at synapses onto interneurons. Unlike transmission onto pyramidal neurons, transmission onto interneurons was not potentiated after adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) activation. Furthermore, metabotropic glutamate receptor depression of transmission onto interneurons did not involve cAMP-dependent pathways. Thus, synaptic terminals arising from a common afferent pathway do not function as a single compartment but are specialized, depending on their postsynaptic target.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maccaferri, G -- Toth, K -- McBain, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 27;279(5355):1368-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurophysiology, Room 5A72, Building 49, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20892-4495, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9478900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cycloleucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Cyclopropanes/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/drug effects/*physiology ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 55
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    Energy transduction on the nanosecond time scale: early structural events in a xanthopsin photocycle (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-04-16
    Beschreibung: Photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a member of the xanthopsin family of eubacterial blue-light photoreceptors. On absorption of light, PYP enters a photocycle that ultimately transduces the energy contained in a light signal into an altered biological response. Nanosecond time-resolved x-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of the short-lived, red-shifted, intermediate state denoted [pR], which develops within 1 nanosecond after photoelectronic excitation of the chromophore of PYP by absorption of light. The resulting structural model demonstrates that the [pR] state possesses the cis conformation of the 4-hydroxyl cinnamic thioester chromophore, and that the process of trans to cis isomerization is accompanied by the specific formation of new hydrogen bonds that replace those broken upon excitation of the chromophore. Regions of flexibility that compose the chromophore-binding pocket serve to lower the activation energy barrier between the dark state, denoted pG, and [pR], and help initiate entrance into the photocycle. Direct structural evidence is provided for the initial processes of transduction of light energy, which ultimately translate into a physiological signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perman, B -- Srajer, V -- Ren, Z -- Teng, T -- Pradervand, C -- Ursby, T -- Bourgeois, D -- Schotte, F -- Wulff, M -- Kort, R -- Hellingwerf, K -- Moffat, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1946-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Chromatiaceae/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Energy Metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; *Light ; Models, Molecular ; *Photoreceptors, Microbial ; *Protein Conformation ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 56
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    Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-02-07
    Beschreibung: The actin cytoskeleton mediates a variety of essential biological functions in all eukaryotic cells. In addition to providing a structural framework around which cell shape and polarity are defined, its dynamic properties provide the driving force for cells to move and to divide. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms that control the organization of actin is thus a major goal of contemporary cell biology, with implications for health and disease. Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases have emerged as key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, and furthermore, through their interaction with multiple target proteins, they ensure coordinated control of other cellular activities such as gene transcription and adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):509-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Research Campaign Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. alan.hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 57
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    Src activation in the induction of long-term potentiation in CA1 hippocampal neurons (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-21
    Beschreibung: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent strengthening of synaptic efficacy that is considered to be a model of learning and memory. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is necessary to induce LTP. Here, induction of LTP in CA1 pyramidal cells of rats was prevented by blocking the tyrosine kinase Src, and Src activity was increased by stimulation producing LTP. Directly activating Src in the postsynaptic neuron enhanced excitatory synaptic responses, occluding LTP. Src-induced enhancement of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses required raised intracellular Ca2+ and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Thus, Src activation is necessary and sufficient for inducing LTP and may function by up-regulating NMDA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Y M -- Roder, J C -- Davidow, J -- Salter, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 27;279(5355):1363-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9478899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Enzyme Activation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Hippocampus/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/enzymology/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Up-Regulation ; src-Family Kinases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Taking a structured approach to understanding proteins (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-03-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):978-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9490484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Databases, Factual ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/classification/genetics ; Software
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 59
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    Structure of key cytoskeletal protein tubulin revealed (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-01-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 9;279(5348):176-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9446222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division ; Crystallization ; Crystallography/*methods ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Microtubules/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tubulin/*chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 60
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    Neurons and silicon get intimate (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Electronics ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Nervous System Diseases/*therapy ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Silicon ; *Transistors, Electronic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    G proteins and small GTPases: distant relatives keep in touch (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-07-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2074-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Alan.Hall@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9669963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13 ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Morphogenesis ; Myosins/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 62
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    Crystal structure of invasin: a bacterial integrin-binding protein (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburger, Z A -- Brown, M S -- Isberg, R R -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adhesins, Bacterial ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 63
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    Stem cells. Rat spinal cord function partially restored (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1826-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*therapy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Key brain receptor gets an unusual regulator (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1265-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Astrocytes/*enzymology ; Brain/*enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Racemases and Epimerases/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Serine/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Synapses/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Filling in the blanks of the GABAB receptor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):14-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-B/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 66
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    Visualization of dioxygen bound to copper during enzyme catalysis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-27
    Beschreibung: X-ray crystal structures of three species related to the oxidative half of the reaction of the copper-containing quinoprotein amine oxidase from Escherichia coli have been determined. Crystals were freeze-trapped either anaerobically or aerobically after exposure to substrate, and structures were determined to resolutions between 2.1 and 2.4 angstroms. The oxidation state of the quinone cofactor was investigated by single-crystal spectrophotometry. The structures reveal the site of bound dioxygen and the proton transfer pathways involved in oxygen reduction. The quinone cofactor is regenerated from the iminoquinone intermediate by hydrolysis involving Asp383, the catalytic base in the reductive half-reaction. Product aldehyde inhibits the hydrolysis, making release of product the rate-determining step of the reaction in the crystal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilmot, C M -- Hajdu, J -- McPherson, M J -- Knowles, P F -- Phillips, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1724-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aerobiosis ; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Copper/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Electrons ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 67
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    Constitutive activation of toll-mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-18
    Beschreibung: The antifungal defense of Drosophila is controlled by the spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. Here, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding a blood serine protease inhibitor, Spn43Ac, was shown to lead to constitutive expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin, and this effect was mediated by the spaetzle and Toll gene products. Spaetzle was cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to its active ligand form shortly after immune challenge, and cleaved Spaetzle was constitutively present in Spn43Ac-deficient flies. Hence, Spn43Ac negatively regulates the Toll signaling pathway, and Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor in the Drosophila host defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levashina, E A -- Langley, E -- Green, C -- Gubb, D -- Ashburner, M -- Hoffmann, J A -- Reichhart, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPR 9022 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue Rene Descartes, Strasbourg 67084, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*metabolism ; *Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Body Patterning ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*immunology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics/immunology ; Genes, Insect ; Hemolymph/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Micrococcus luteus/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Serpins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 68
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    Identification of an RNA-protein bridge spanning the ribosomal subunit interface (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-09-25
    Beschreibung: The 7.8 angstrom crystal structure of the 70S ribosome reveals a discrete double-helical bridge (B4) that projects from the 50S subunit, making contact with the 30S subunit. Preliminary modeling studies localized its contact site, near the bottom of the platform, to the binding site for ribosomal protein S15. Directed hydroxyl radical probing from iron(II) tethered to S15 specifically cleaved nucleotides in the 715 loop of domain II of 23S ribosomal RNA, one of the known sites in 23S ribosomal RNA that are footprinted by the 30S subunit. Reconstitution studies show that protection of the 715 loop, but none of the other 30S-dependent protections, is correlated with the presence of S15 in the 30S subunit. The 715 loop is specifically protected by binding free S15 to 50S subunits. Moreover, the previously determined structure of a homologous stem-loop from U2 small nuclear RNA fits closely to the electron density of the bridge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culver, G M -- Cate, J H -- Yusupova, G Z -- Yusupov, M M -- Noller, H F -- 1F32GM18065-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-17129/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-59140/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2133-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Thermus thermophilus/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 69
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    Rapid spine delivery and redistribution of AMPA receptors after synaptic NMDA receptor activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-12
    Beschreibung: To monitor changes in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor distribution in living neurons, the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This protein (GluR1-GFP) was functional and was transiently expressed in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In dendrites visualized with two-photon laser scanning microscopy or electron microscopy, most of the GluR1-GFP was intracellular, mimicking endogenous GluR1 distribution. Tetanic synaptic stimulation induced a rapid delivery of tagged receptors into dendritic spines as well as clusters in dendrites. These postsynaptic trafficking events required synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and may contribute to the enhanced AMPA receptor-mediatedtransmission observed during long-term potentiation and activity-dependent synaptic maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, S H -- Hayashi, Y -- Petralia, R S -- Zaman, S H -- Wenthold, R J -- Svoboda, K -- Malinow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1811-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Rats ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tetany
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 70
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    Perspectives: protein structure. Class-conscious TCR? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 71
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    A tobacco syntaxin with a role in hormonal control of guard cell ion channels (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-23
    Beschreibung: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates potassium and chloride ion channels at the plasma membrane of guard cells, leading to stomatal closure that reduces transpirational water loss from the leaf. The tobacco Nt-SYR1 gene encodes a syntaxin that is associated with the plasma membrane. Syntaxins and related SNARE proteins aid intracellular vesicle trafficking, fusion, and secretion. Disrupting Nt-Syr1 function by cleavage with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin or competition with a soluble fragment of Nt-Syr1 prevents potassium and chloride ion channel response to ABA in guard cells and implicates Nt-Syr1 in an ABA-signaling cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leyman, B -- Geelen, D -- Quintero, F J -- Blatt, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of London, Wye College, Wye, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/*physiology ; *Plants, Toxic ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology ; Xenopus
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 72
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    Calmodulin dependence of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-05
    Beschreibung: Glutamatergic neurotransmission is controlled by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A subdomain in the intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail of group III mGluRs binds calmodulin and heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) betagamma subunits in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations interfering with calmodulin binding and calmodulin antagonists inhibit G protein-mediated modulation of ionic currents by mGluR 7. Calmodulin antagonists also prevent inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission via presynaptic mGluRs. These results reveal a novel mechanism of presynaptic modulation in which Ca(2+)-calmodulin is required to release G protein betagamma subunits from the C-tail of group III mGluRs in order to mediate glutamatergic autoinhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connor, V -- El Far, O -- Bofill-Cardona, E -- Nanoff, C -- Freissmuth, M -- Karschin, A -- Airas, J M -- Betz, H -- Boehm, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1180-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimerization ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Propionates/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sesterterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Terpenes/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 73
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    Defective angiogenesis in mice lacking endoglin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-29
    Beschreibung: Endoglin is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. Loss-of-function mutations in the human endoglin gene ENG cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT1), a disease characterized by vascular malformations. Here it is shown that by gestational day 11.5, mice lacking endoglin die from defective vascular development. However, in contrast to mice lacking TGF-beta, vasculogenesis was unaffected. Loss of endoglin caused poor vascular smooth muscle development and arrested endothelial remodeling. These results demonstrate that endoglin is essential for angiogenesis and suggest a pathogenic mechanism for HHT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, D Y -- Sorensen, L K -- Brooke, B S -- Urness, L D -- Davis, E C -- Taylor, D G -- Boak, B B -- Wendel, D P -- K08 HL03490-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T35 HL07744-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. dean.li@hci.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD31/analysis ; Blood Vessels/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*embryology ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/*physiology ; Yolk Sac/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 74
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    AP-2 recruitment to synaptotagmin stimulated by tyrosine-based endocytic motifs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-24
    Beschreibung: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by the recruitment of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 to the plasma membrane where the membrane protein synaptotagmin is thought to act as a docking site. AP-2 also interacts with endocytic motifs present in other cargo proteins. Peptides with a tyrosine-based endocytic motif stimulated binding of AP-2 to synaptotagmin and enhanced AP-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which nucleation of clathrin-coated pits is stimulated by the loading of cargo proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haucke, V -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 75
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    An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-31
    Beschreibung: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 76
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    Positive selection of natural autoreactive B cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-03
    Beschreibung: Lymphocyte development is critically influenced by self-antigens. T cells are subject to both positive and negative selection, depending on their degree of self-reactivity. Although B cells are subject to negative selection, it has been difficult to test whether self-antigen plays any positive role in B cell development. A murine model system of naturally generated autoreactive B cells with a germ line gene-encoded specificity for the Thy-1 (CD90) glycoprotein was developed, in which the presence of self-antigen promotes B cell accumulation and serum autoantibody secretion. Thus, B cells can be subject to positive selection, generated, and maintained on the basis of their autoreactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayakawa, K -- Asano, M -- Shinton, S A -- Gui, M -- Allman, D -- Stewart, C L -- Silver, J -- Hardy, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. K_Hayakawa@fccc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Antigens, Thy-1/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/*biosynthesis/blood/immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IkappaB kinase 2 gene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-09
    Beschreibung: Phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) proteins is an important step in the activation of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and requires two IkappaB kinases, IKK1 (IKKalpha) and IKK2 (IKKbeta). Mice that are devoid of the IKK2 gene had extensive liver damage from apoptosis and died as embryos, but these mice could be rescued by the inactivation of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells that were isolated from IKK2-/- embryos showed a marked reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity and an enhanced apoptosis in response to TNF-alpha. IKK1 associated with NF-kappaB essential modulator (IKKgamma/IKKAP1), another component of the IKK complex. These results show that IKK2 is essential for mouse development and cannot be substituted with IKK1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Q -- Van Antwerp, D -- Mercurio, F -- Lee, K F -- Verma, I M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):321-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Signal Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Gene Targeting ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Liver/cytology/*embryology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    Function is structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2077-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. anders.liljas@mbfys.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anticodon ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    Bacteriophytochromes: phytochrome-like photoreceptors from nonphotosynthetic eubacteria (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-01-05
    Beschreibung: Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors used by green plants to entrain their development to the light environment. The distribution of these chromoproteins has been expanded beyond photoautotrophs with the discovery of phytochrome-like proteins in the nonphotosynthetic eubacteria Deinococcus radiodurans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Like plant phytochromes, the D. radiodurans receptor covalently binds linear tetrapyrroles autocatalytically to generate a photochromic holoprotein. However, the attachment site is distinct, using a histidine to potentially form a Schiff base linkage. Sequence homology and mutational analysis suggest that D. radiodurans bacteriophytochrome functions as a light-regulated histidine kinase, which helps protect the bacterium from visible light.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, S J -- Vener, A V -- Vierstra, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2517-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Biliverdine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Gram-Positive Cocci/genetics/*metabolism ; Histidine/metabolism ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Photoreceptors, Microbial/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phytochrome/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Techsigting. Neural regeneration. Some nerve! (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Separation ; Chick Embryo ; Neural Crest/*cytology/embryology ; Neuroglia/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve/*cytology/embryology ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    Respiration without O2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hederstedt, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1941-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lars.Hederstedt@mikrbiol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; Bacillus subtilis/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Transport ; *Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    Role of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase in cell transformation by fos (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-15
    Beschreibung: The Fos and Jun oncoproteins form dimeric complexes that stimulate transcription of genes containing activator protein-1 regulatory elements. We found, by representational difference analysis, that expression of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase (dnmt1) in fos-transformed cells is three times the expression in normal fibroblasts and that fos-transformed cells contain about 20 percent more 5-methylcytosine than normal fibroblasts. Transfection of the gene encoding Dnmt1 induced morphological transformation, whereas inhibition of dnmt1 expression or activity resulted in reversion of fos transformation. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, which associates with methylated DNA, also caused reversion. These results suggest that fos may transform cells through alterations in DNA methylation and in histone deacetylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakin, A V -- Curran, T -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):387-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 5-Methylcytosine ; Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Size ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, fos ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*metabolism ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-07-10
    Beschreibung: In the absence of disease, the vasculature of the mammalian eye is quiescent, in part because of the action of angiogenic inhibitors that prevent vessels from invading the cornea and vitreous. Here, an inhibitor responsible for the avascularity of these ocular compartments is identified as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a protein previously shown to have neurotrophic activity. The amount of inhibitory PEDF produced by retinal cells was positively correlated with oxygen concentrations, suggesting that its loss plays a permissive role in ischemia-driven retinal neovascularization. These results suggest that PEDF may be of therapeutic use, especially in retinopathies where pathological neovascularization compromises vision and leads to blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, D W -- Volpert, O V -- Gillis, P -- Crawford, S E -- Xu, H -- Benedict, W -- Bouck, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies/immunology ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Eye/blood supply ; *Eye Proteins ; Humans ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*drug effects ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Oxygen/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/*metabolism/pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization/*drug therapy ; Retinal Vessels/growth & development ; Serpins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Plant paralog to viral movement protein that potentiates transport of mRNA into the phloem (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-05
    Beschreibung: CmPP16 from Cucurbita maxima was cloned and the protein was shown to possess properties similar to those of viral movement proteins. CmPP16 messenger RNA (mRNA) is present in phloem tissue, whereas protein appears confined to sieve elements (SE). Microinjection and grafting studies revealed that CmPP16 moves from cell to cell, mediates the transport of sense and antisense RNA, and moves together with its mRNA into the SE of scion tissue. CmPP16 possesses the characteristics that are likely required to mediate RNA delivery into the long-distance translocation stream. Thus, RNA may move within the phloem as a component of a plant information superhighway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xoconostle-Cazares, B -- Xiang, Y -- Ruiz-Medrano, R -- Wang, H L -- Monzer, J -- Yoo, B C -- McFarland, K C -- Franceschi, V R -- Lucas, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):94-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cucumis sativus ; Cucurbitaceae/genetics/*metabolism ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Stems/metabolism ; Plant Viral Movement Proteins ; RNA, Antisense/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Evolution of shape complementarity and catalytic efficiency from a primordial antibody template (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-22
    Beschreibung: The crystal structure of an efficient Diels-Alder antibody catalyst at 1.9 angstrom resolution reveals almost perfect shape complementarity with its transition state analog. Comparison with highly related progesterone and Diels-Alderase antibodies that arose from the same primordial germ line template shows the relatively subtle mutational steps that were able to evolve both structural complementarity and catalytic efficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, J -- Deng, Q -- Chen, J -- Houk, K N -- Bartek, J -- Hilvert, D -- Wilson, I A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2345-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Haptens/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Progesterone/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Solubility ; Temperature ; Templates, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    Insights into editing from an ile-tRNA synthetase structure with tRNAile and mupirocin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-14
    Beschreibung: Isoleucyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (IleRS) joins Ile to tRNA(Ile) at its synthetic active site and hydrolyzes incorrectly acylated amino acids at its editing active site. The 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus IleRS complexed with tRNA(Ile) and Mupirocin shows the acceptor strand of the tRNA(Ile) in the continuously stacked, A-form conformation with the 3' terminal nucleotide in the editing active site. To position the 3' terminus in the synthetic active site, the acceptor strand must adopt the hairpinned conformation seen in tRNA(Gln) complexed with its synthetase. The amino acid editing activity of the IleRS may result from the incorrect products shuttling between the synthetic and editing active sites, which is reminiscent of the editing mechanism of DNA polymerases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvian, L F -- Wang, J -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1074-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acylation ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/chemistry/metabolism ; Isoleucine/metabolism ; Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mupirocin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    Unlimited mileage from telomerase? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lange, T -- DePinho, R A -- CA76027/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD 348880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):947-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. delange@rockvax.rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-26
    Beschreibung: Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth regulatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the liphophilic hormone vitamin D. TGF-beta causes activation of SMAD proteins acting as coactivators or transcription factors in the nucleus. Vitamin D controls transcription of target genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Smad3, one of the SMAD proteins downstream in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, was found in mammalian cells to act as a coactivator specific for ligand-induced transactivation of VDR by forming a complex with a member of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein family in the nucleus. Thus, Smad3 may mediate cross-talk between vitamin D and TGF-beta signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yanagisawa, J -- Yanagi, Y -- Masuhiro, Y -- Suzawa, M -- Watanabe, M -- Kashiwagi, K -- Toriyabe, T -- Kawabata, M -- Miyazono, K -- Kato, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1317-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/pharmacology ; COS Cells ; Calcitriol/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Ligands ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Growth Factor ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; Signal Transduction ; Smad3 Protein ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Crystallographic evidence for preformed dimers of erythropoietin receptor before ligand activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-02-12
    Beschreibung: Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is thought to be activated by ligand-induced homodimerization. However, structures of agonist and antagonist peptide complexes of EPOR, as well as an EPO-EPOR complex, have shown that the actual dimer configuration is critical for the biological response and signal efficiency. The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of EPOR in its unliganded form at 2.4 angstrom resolution has revealed a dimer in which the individual membrane-spanning and intracellular domains would be too far apart to permit phosphorylation by JAK2. This unliganded EPOR dimer is formed from self-association of the same key binding site residues that interact with EPO-mimetic peptide and EPO ligands. This model for a preformed dimer on the cell surface provides insights into the organization, activation, and plasticity of recognition of hematopoietic cell surface receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Livnah, O -- Stura, E A -- Middleton, S A -- Johnson, D L -- Jolliffe, L K -- Wilson, I A -- GM49497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):987-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
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    Requirement for B cell linker protein (BLNK) in B cell development (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-12-03
    Beschreibung: Linker proteins function as molecular scaffolds to localize enzymes with substrates. In B cells, B cell linker protein (BLNK) links the B cell receptor (BCR)-activated Syk kinase to the phosphoinositide and mitogen-activated kinase pathways. To examine the in vivo role of BLNK, mice deficient in BLNK were generated. B cell development in BLNK-/- mice was blocked at the transition from B220+CD43+ progenitor B to B220+CD43- precursor B cells. Only a small percentage of immunoglobulin M++ (IgM++), but not mature IgMloIgDhi, B cells were detected in the periphery. Hence, BLNK is an essential component of BCR signaling pathways and is required to promote B cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pappu, R -- Cheng, A M -- Li, B -- Gong, Q -- Chiu, C -- Griffin, N -- White, M -- Sleckman, B P -- Chan, A C -- AI42787/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA71516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1949-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Aging ; Animals ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology/*metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/immunology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cell Size ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Targeting ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Leukopoiesis ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Phosphoproteins ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Structure of the VHL-ElonginC-ElonginB complex: implications for VHL tumor suppressor function (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-04-16
    Beschreibung: Mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor is associated with the inherited von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) cancer syndrome and the majority of kidney cancers. VHL binds the ElonginC-ElonginB complex and regulates levels of hypoxia-inducible proteins. The structure of the ternary complex at 2.7 angstrom resolution shows two interfaces, one between VHL and ElonginC and another between ElonginC and ElonginB. Tumorigenic mutations frequently occur in a 35-residue domain of VHL responsible for ElonginC binding. A mutational patch on a separate domain of VHL indicates a second macromolecular binding site. The structure extends the similarities to the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex that targets proteins for degradation, supporting the hypothesis that VHL may function in an analogous pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stebbins, C E -- Kaelin, W G Jr -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):455-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Ligases ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; Surface Properties ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    Focal adhesion motility revealed in stationary fibroblasts (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-05
    Beschreibung: Focal adhesions (FAs) are clustered integrins and associated proteins that mediate cell adhesion and signaling. A green fluorescent protein-beta1 integrin chimera was used to label FAs in living cells. In stationary cells, FAs were highly motile, moving linearly for several plaque lengths toward the cell center. FA motility was independent of cell density and resulted from contraction of associated actin fibers. In migrating cells, FAs were stationary and only moved in the tail. FA motility in stationary cells suggests that cell movement may be regulated by a clutch-like mechanism by which the affinity of integrins to substrate may be altered in response to migratory cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smilenov, L B -- Mikhailov, A -- Pelham, R J -- Marcantonio, E E -- Gundersen, G G -- GM42026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM44585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1172-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3T3 Cells ; Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD29/*metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; Microscopy, Interference ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
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    Space-grown neuraminidase crystals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-06-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLucas, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cryopreservation ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Drug Industry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; *Weightlessness
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
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    Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-03-05
    Beschreibung: Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. Disruption of the mouse homolog of the gene encoding PTP-1B yielded healthy mice that, in the fed state, had blood glucose concentrations that were slightly lower and concentrations of circulating insulin that were one-half those of their PTP-1B+/+ littermates. The enhanced insulin sensitivity of the PTP-1B-/- mice was also evident in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The PTP-1B-/- mice showed increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in liver and muscle tissue after insulin injection in comparison to PTP-1B+/+ mice. On a high-fat diet, the PTP-1B-/- and PTP-1B+/- mice were resistant to weight gain and remained insulin sensitive, whereas the PTP-1B+/+ mice rapidly gained weight and became insulin resistant. These results demonstrate that PTP-1B has a major role in modulating both insulin sensitivity and fuel metabolism, thereby establishing it as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elchebly, M -- Payette, P -- Michaliszyn, E -- Cromlish, W -- Collins, S -- Loy, A L -- Normandin, D -- Cheng, A -- Himms-Hagen, J -- Chan, C C -- Ramachandran, C -- Gresser, M J -- Tremblay, M L -- Kennedy, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1544-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism/therapy ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
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    Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-05-21
    Beschreibung: Bile acids regulate the transcription of genes that control cholesterol homeostasis through molecular mechanisms that are poorly understood. Physiological concentrations of free and conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4), an orphan nuclear receptor. As ligands, these bile acids and their conjugates modulated interaction of FXR with a peptide derived from steroid receptor coactivator 1. These results provide evidence for a nuclear bile acid signaling pathway that may regulate cholesterol homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parks, D J -- Blanchard, S G -- Bledsoe, R K -- Chandra, G -- Consler, T G -- Kliewer, S A -- Stimmel, J B -- Willson, T M -- Zavacki, A M -- Moore, D D -- Lehmann, J M -- F32 DK09793/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK53366/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1365-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park NC, 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Deoxycholic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lithocholic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; *Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Symporters ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Molecular architecture of the rotary motor in ATP synthase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-27
    Beschreibung: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase contains a rotary motor involved in biological energy conversion. Its membrane-embedded F0 sector has a rotation generator fueled by the proton-motive force, which provides the energy required for the synthesis of ATP by the F1 domain. An electron density map obtained from crystals of a subcomplex of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase shows a ring of 10 c subunits. Each c subunit forms an alpha-helical hairpin. The interhelical loops of six to seven of the c subunits are in close contact with the gamma and delta subunits of the central stalk. The extensive contact between the c ring and the stalk suggests that they may rotate as an ensemble during catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stock, D -- Leslie, A G -- Walker, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1700-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton-Motive Force ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
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    Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-01-05
    Beschreibung: Programmed cell death (apoptosis) occurs during normal development of the central nervous system. However, the mechanisms that determine which neurons will succumb to apoptosis are poorly understood. Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors for only a few hours during late fetal or early neonatal life triggered widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain, suggesting that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, acting at NMDA receptors, controls neuronal survival. These findings may have relevance to human neurodevelopmental disorders involving prenatal (drug-abusing mothers) or postnatal (pediatric anesthesia) exposure to drugs that block NMDA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikonomidou, C -- Bosch, F -- Miksa, M -- Bittigau, P -- Vockler, J -- Dikranian, K -- Tenkova, T I -- Stefovska, V -- Turski, L -- Olney, J W -- AG 11355/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DA 05072/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):70-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charite-Virchow Clinics, Humboldt University, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. hrissanthi.ikonomidou@charite.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Brain/*cytology/drug effects/embryology/growth & development ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Fetus ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    X-ray crystallographic structure of the Norwalk virus capsid (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: Norwalk virus, a noncultivatable human calicivirus, is the major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans. The first x-ray structure of a calicivirus capsid, which consists of 180 copies of a single protein, has been determined by phase extension from a low-resolution electron microscopy structure. The capsid protein has a protruding (P) domain connected by a flexible hinge to a shell (S) domain that has a classical eight-stranded beta-sandwich motif. The structure of the P domain is unlike that of any other viral protein with a subdomain exhibiting a fold similar to that of the second domain in the eukaryotic translation elongation factor-Tu. This subdomain, located at the exterior of the capsid, has the largest sequence variation among Norwalk-like human caliciviruses and is likely to contain the determinants of strain specificity and cell binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prasad, B V -- Hardy, M E -- Dokland, T -- Bella, J -- Rossmann, M G -- Estes, M K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):287-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. bprasad@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norwalk virus/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Virus Assembly
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    The tyrosine kinase negative regulator c-Cbl as a RING-type, E2-dependent ubiquitin-protein ligase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-10-09
    Beschreibung: Ubiquitination of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) terminates signaling by marking active receptors for degradation. c-Cbl, an adapter protein for RPTKs, positively regulates RPTK ubiquitination in a manner dependent on its variant SRC homology 2 (SH2) and RING finger domains. Ubiquitin-protein ligases (or E3s) are the components of ubiquitination pathways that recognize target substrates and promote their ligation to ubiquitin. The c-Cbl protein acted as an E3 that can recognize tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates, such as the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor, through its SH2 domain and that recruits and allosterically activates an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme through its RING domain. These results reveal an SH2-containing protein that functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase and thus provide a distinct mechanism for substrate targeting in the ubiquitin system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joazeiro, C A -- Wing, S S -- Huang, H -- Leverson, J D -- Hunter, T -- Liu, Y C -- CA39780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK56558/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32CA09523/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Salk Institute, Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Ligases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; *Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Building neural representations of habits (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-11-27
    Beschreibung: Memories for habits and skills ("implicit or procedural memory") and memories for facts ("explicit or episodic memory") are built up in different brain systems and are vulnerable to different neurodegenerative disorders in humans. So that the striatum-based mechanisms underlying habit formation could be studied, chronic recordings from ensembles of striatal neurons were made with multiple tetrodes as rats learned a T-maze procedural task. Large and widely distributed changes in the neuronal activity patterns occurred in the sensorimotor striatum during behavioral acquisition, culminating in task-related activity emphasizing the beginning and end of the automatized procedure. The new ensemble patterns remained stable during weeks of subsequent performance of the same task. These results suggest that the encoding of action in the sensorimotor striatum undergoes dynamic reorganization as habit learning proceeds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jog, M S -- Kubota, Y -- Connolly, C I -- Hillegaart, V -- Graybiel, A M -- R03 MH57878/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1745-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials ; *Habits ; Locomotion ; *Maze Learning ; Memory/physiology ; Motor Activity ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; Reaction Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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