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  • 1
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    Tolerance limit for fish growth exceeded by warming waters (2011)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-17
    Description: Climate change can affect organisms both directly, by affecting their physiology, growth, and behaviour, and indirectly, for example through effects on ecosystem structure and function. For ectotherms, or ‘cold-blooded’ animals, warming will directly affect their metabolism, with growth rates in temperate species predicted to increase initially as temperatures rise, but then decline as individuals struggle to maintain cardiac function and respiration in the face of increased metabolic demands. We provide evidence consistent with this prediction for a marine fish (Cheilodactylus spectabilis) in the Tasman Sea; one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Southern Hemisphere ocean. We estimated changes in the species’ growth rate over a 90-year period using otoliths—bony structures that fish use for orientation and detection of movement—and compared these changes to temperature trends across the species’ distribution. Increasing temperatures coincide with increased growth for populations in the middle of the species range, but with reduced growth for those at the warm northern edge of the species’ distribution, indicating that temperatures may have already reached levels associated with increased metabolic costs. If warming continues, the direct metabolic effects of increasing temperatures on this species may lead to declining productivity and range contraction.
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    The use of acoustic accelerometer tags to determine seasonal changes in activity and catchability of a recreationally caught marine teleost (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: Understanding the way catchability of exploited fish species varies due to changes in individual fish behaviour is a seldom addressed but important requisite for extracting accurate information on fish abundance from catch per unit effort (cpue) data, particularly from baited gears. In this study, cpue data analysis was combined with analysis of movement and activity data from acoustic telemetry tags to determine the nature of seasonal changes in cpue of the recreationally caught sand flathead ( Platycephalus bassensis ) in a coastal bay and estuary in southeast Tasmania, Australia. Water temperature had a significant influence on cpue of sand flathead with lower catches at lower temperatures. Yet, even at the relatively small scale of this study (10 s of km), the mechanisms in which temperature affects cpue were highly area specific. In the shallow, estuarine part of the study area, changes in cpue were driven by changes in availability, due to seasonal movements of fish in and out of the area. In the deeper bay at the mouth of the estuary, on the other hand, changes in cpue with temperature were most likely driven by temperature-related changes in activity. At lower temperatures, fish were less active, indicating that fish will have a lower probability of encountering bait as well as lower feeding motivation due to lower metabolic debt. This shows the importance of the inclusion of an environmentally influenced catchability parameter in stock assessment models that utilize cpue data from baited gear types, which is often only done implicitly on a coarse temporal scale by accounting for changes in cpue with season. Our study furthermore highlights the usefulness of acoustic telemetry in a fisheries context beyond the basic study of fish movement, allowing the monitoring of activity levels of exploited fish in relation to environmental parameters in the field.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Estimating catches of marine and freshwater recreational fisheries in the Netherlands using an online panel survey (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: In this study we describe a two-phase survey design and implications of approaches to non-response adjustments on estimates of the total catch taken by Dutch recreational fishers, including marine catches for Atlantic cod and European seabass and European eel in freshwater. The survey comprised three main elements which were executed online: a screening survey to estimate the characteristics of the population of recreational fishers (number of fishers, their demographic profile and stated fishing avidity); a 12 month logbook survey to estimate effort and catch rates; and non-response follow up surveys to adjust for non-response. A response rate of 80% was achieved for the screening survey and, following non-response adjustment and limited data imputation, 89% for the logbook survey. Some logbook participants reported no fishing activity (drop-outs) and were removed from the analysis. In addition, logbook data were weighted in accordance with the stated avidity distribution in the population to address potential response bias based on avidity. Imputation and weighting for avidity influenced the catch estimates a little, whereas the removal of the fisher drop-outs was influential, linked to the rates of fisher drop-outs (18% for freshwater and 55% for marine fishers). Freshwater recreational fishing was more popular than marine fishing; 9.7% of the Dutch population participating in the former and 4.1% fishing in marine waters. In total an estimated 53.6 million freshwater fish were caught (2.6 million retained) and 13.6 million marine fish were caught (9.6 million retained). Respective catch estimates for Atlantic cod, European seabass and European eel were 0.70, 0.35 and 1.23 million fish (0.53, 0.23 and 0.34 million retained). We conclude that the survey design using an online panel may serve as an example for future surveys because of its efficacy to collect a rich set of data at relatively low cost compared to traditional survey methods.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Visualization and functional analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lattices (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes of their eukaryotic hosts. Electron microscopy has revealed that purified poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase forms planar and tubular oligomeric arrays. The structural integrity of these arrays correlates with cooperative RNA binding and RNA elongation and is sensitive to mutations that disrupt intermolecular contacts predicted by the polymerase structure. Membranous vesicles isolated from poliovirus-infected cells contain structures consistent with the presence of two-dimensional polymerase arrays on their surfaces during infection. Therefore, host cytoplasmic membranes may function as physical foundations for two-dimensional polymerase arrays, conferring the advantages of surface catalysis to viral RNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyle, John M -- Bullitt, Esther -- Bienz, Kurt -- Kirkegaard, Karla -- AI-42119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2218-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Poliovirus/*enzymology/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Viral Core Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variation in reproduction, and occurrence of non-reproductive adults, in orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett (Trachichthyidae), from south-eastern Australia (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study was designed to determine whether orange roughy reproduce throughout their distribution in Australian waters, and if so, whether commencement of spawning and length at maturity vary within the region. We found that females from four widely separated sampling areas reproduced in 1988, but that the onset of spawning and length at maturity were not the same in all the areas. In New South Wales, ovulation was finished by mid-June, and 50% of females were mature at 28 cm standard length (S.L.). On the other hand, females from eastern and western Tasmania and South Australia did not spawn until mid-July, and 50% of females from Tasmania were not mature until 32 cm S.L. Females from all areas had oocytes with yolk granules at least 5 months before ovulation. However, in the few months before spawning, some adult females from all areas had not undergone vitellogenesis or were resorbing all yolky oocytes. The best estimates of the proportion of these non-reproductive females were made in March and April, when the single batch of eggs to be spawned was clearly distinguishable, and before spawning aggregations had formed. In 1990 in eastern Tasmania, at the site of a major spawning aggregation, the best estimate of the proportion of non-reproductive fish was 45%. We suggest that scarcity of food, coupled with the cost of joining a spawning aggregation, may result in intermittent spawning in this long-lived species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02558.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food and feeding habits of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.), in Isle of Man waters (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 23 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stomach contents of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, from Isle of Man waters were investigated. Dogfish fed opportunistically on a wide range of macrobenthic fauna with hermit crabs, cockles and whelks the dominant prey. Items of secondary importance included various crabs, callianassid shrimps, bivalve molluscs, holothurians, polychaetes and, when locally abundant, herring, Clupea harengus. Dogfish predated more heavily on molluscs than reported in previous studies, reflecting the abundance of molluscs in the associated benthic community.Composition of the diet altered gradually with dogfish size, reliance on small crustaceans declined and consumption of hermit crabs and molluscs increased with growth. Seasonal changes in the composition of the diet were observed. Feeding intensity was greatest during summer, related in part to increased prey availability, and was least during autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02950.x
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  • 7
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    A deletion mutant in the human cytomegalovirus gene encoding IE1(491aa) is replication defective due to a failure in autoregulation. (1996)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the 0νββ decay of Xe136 (2020)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-06
    Print ISSN: 2469-9985
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9993
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    Examining the functional role of current area closures used for the conservation of an overexploited and highly mobile fishery species (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: Protecting essential habitats through the implementation of area closures has been recognized as a useful management tool for rebuilding overfished populations and minimizing habitat degradation. School shark ( Galeorhinus galeus ) have suffered significant stock declines in Australia; however, recent stock assessments suggest the population may have stabilized and the protection of closed nursery areas has been identified as a key management strategy to rebuilding their numbers. Young-of-the-year (YOY) and juvenile G. galeus were acoustically tagged and monitored to determine ontogenetic differences in residency and seasonal use of an important protected nursery area (Shark Refuge Area or SRA) in southeastern Tasmania. Both YOY and juvenile G. galeus showed a distinct seasonal pattern of occurrence in the SRA with most departing the area during winter and only a small proportion of YOY (33%) and no juveniles returning the following spring, suggesting areas outside the SRA may also be important during these early life-history stages. While these behaviors confirm SRAs continue to function as essential habitat during G. galeus early life history, evidence of YOY and juveniles emigrating from these areas within their first 1–2 years and the fact that few YOY return suggest that these areas may only afford protection for a more limited amount of time than previously thought. Determining the importance of neighbouring coastal waters and maintaining the use of traditional fisheries management tools are therefore required to ensure effective conservation of G. galeus during early life history.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Early post-settlement mortality of the scallop Pecten fumatus and the role of algal mats as a refuge from predation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: Early post-settlement mortality is one of the main processes determining distribution and abundance patterns of marine benthic invertebrates. Most scallops have an attached phase as spat before they release the byssus and move onto the soft sediments. Thus, spat differ from other stages of life in their use of microhabitat, lack of mobility, and therefore in their vulnerability to mortality processes such as predation. However, the contribution of predation to explain levels of mortality experienced by spat and early juvenile scallops is unknown. Complex habitats such as seagrasses and algae provide a substrate upon which spat can attach and might confer an advantage as a refuge from predation. This study investigates the contribution of early post-settlement predation on abundance of Pecten fumatus and determines the role of the algae Hincksia sordida as a refuge from predation. Data were collected using field observations, a predator exclusion experiment, and tethering techniques. Mortality of up to 85% during the first weeks after settlement appeared to have prevented the establishment of an adult population at our study site. Mats of the macroalgae H. sordida provided a settlement substrate for P. fumatus spat. However, increased algal biomass did not provide greater protection from predation to juvenile scallops than lower algal biomass. Our study suggests that prey survival in submersed vegetation is likely to be dynamic among years, and affected by prey behaviour and density as well as the characteristics of the submerged vegetation.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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