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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dyeability of flax fabric modified by copper ammonia (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying flax fibre using copper ammonia solution for improved dyeability and to optimise the conditions of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - Treatments of flax fibre using copper ammonia solution were carried out under various conditions, i.e. the compositions of the solution and the length of time for treatment. The dyeability, the dyeing colour depth, the tensile strength and the structure of the untreated and treated flax fibres were characterised. Findings - The modification of flax fabric using copper ammonia solution could improve the dyeability and the dyeing colour depth of the flax fabric. The treatment appeared to reduce the crystallinity and the orientation index of the flax fibre, which was the main cause to the improved dyeability and dyeing colour depth of the flax fabric. The optimum conditions for the treatment were as follows: concentration of Cu2+ at 20?g/L, Cu2+/NH3 ratio at 12?:?1 and time of treatment at 6?min. Research limitations/implications - Whilst effective in improving the dyeability of the flax fibre, the treatment led to a reduction in the tensile strength of the treated flax fabric. Practical implications - The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improve the dyeability of flax fibre. Originality/value - The method for treatment of flax fibre was novel and could be used for industrial production process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510572575
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterisation of one-part ambient temperature curing polyurethane adhesives for wood bonding (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of polyol types, polyol molecular weights, NCO/OH molar ratio, solvent types, and resin solid contents of the one-part ambient temperature curing adhesives were studied. The results showed that the one-part ambient temperature curing polyurethane prepared had fast rate of setting and good bonding, meeting the requirements of a typical structural adhesive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420410568364
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The improvement of dyeability of flax fibre by microwave treatment (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To develop a method based on urea/microwave treatment for improving the dyeability of the flax fibre. Design/methodology/approach - The treatment was carried out under a variety of conditions in terms of the power of the microwave, the time of microwave treatment and the use of urea in the treatment solution. The physical chemical properties of the treated flax fibres were characterised using a variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, spectrophotometric measurement and tensile measurement. Findings - It was found that the treated flax fibres had significantly improved dyeability. The causes to the improvement of the dyeability of the flax fibre were found to be the increased absorption of dye on the fibre and the increased reaction probability between the dye and the fibre. The procedure for optimum modification appeared to be soaking the flax fabrics in 10 per cent urea solution; treating the fabrics with microwave at 350?W for 2.5?minutes; and treating the fabrics with microwave at 700?W for one minute. Practical implications - The treatment method developed addressed a problem of great concern in textile coloration, i.e. poor dyeability of flax fibre. The method developed provided a practical and effective solution to such a problem. Originality/value - The method of treatment of flax fibre, involving soaking in urea and baking in microwave, for the improvement of dyeability was novel. The method could be adapted for use in industrial scale flax dyeing with satisfactory levels of exhaustion and fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510609079
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ink-jet technology: status quo and future - relevance to surface coatings (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 238-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent years have seen a rapid development of ink-jet printing technology. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in ink-jet printing technology and gives an overview of ink-jet printing into the immediate future. The focus is placed on various applications of jet printing technology. The potential of applying jetting technology in the conventionally surface coating dominated applications will also be explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420410546926
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterisation of hole transporting soluble polyschiff base containing triarylamine unit in the backbone (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 33 (2004), S. 206-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A soluble polyschiff base containing triarylamine unit in backbone was synthesised by condensation polymerisation. The hole transport properties of such polyschiff base were studied. The mobility of the hole carrier in the polyschiff base film was also measured and found to be µ=1.68×10-4?cm2/V?s by means of time of flight technique. A polymer electroluminescence device was prepared with the polyschiff base used as hole transporting moiety by spin coated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420410554873
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 441-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35068509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing-induced blue shift in luminescence band from Si-implanted SiO2 layer (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 5144-5147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The SiO2 layers thermally grown on Si wafers were implanted by 130 keV Si ions at liquid nitrogen temperature to a dose of 1×1017 ions/cm2. From the as-implanted samples, a visible photoluminescence band centered around 2.0 eV was observed. After postannealing at 1100 °C for 90 min another visible band in the range of 1.7 eV was detected. Interestingly, with increasing thermal annealing time, a blue shift in peak energy and an intensity variation of the 1.7 eV band were observed. A possible interpretation for the observations was discussed in terms of a so-called three-region model. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjustable boron carbonitride nanotubes (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5325-5333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The adjustable photoluminescence (PL) and field electron emission (FEE) properties of boron carbonitride (B–C–N) nanotubes grown under well-controlled conditions are studied systematically. Large-scale highly aligned B–C–N nanotubes are synthesized directly on Ni substrates by the bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Single-walled B–C–N nanotubes and nanometric B–C–N heterojunctions are obtained by the pulsed-arc-discharge technique and pause-reactivation two-stage process, respectively. It is found that the microstructures, orientations, and chemical compositions of the nanotubes can be controlled by varying growth parameters. The mechanism of the controllable growth is also investigated. Intense and stable PL from the nanotubes is observed in both blue-violet (photon energies 3.14–2.55 eV) and yellow-green bands (photon energies 2.13–2.34 eV) and the emission bands are adjusted by varying the compositions of the nanotubes. FEE properties are also studied and optimized by varying the B or N atomic concentrations in the nanotubes. All these results verify the controllability of the electronic band structure of the B–C–N nanotubes. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459596
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and field-emission behavior of highly oriented boron carbonitride nanofibers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2624-2626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large-area highly oriented boron carbonitride (BCN) nanofibers with various compositions were synthesized directly on polished polycrystalline nickel substrates from a gas mixture of N2, H2, CH4, and B2H6 by bias-assisted hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition. The morphology of BCN nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy, the nanofiber structure was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of individual nanofibers was determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Field-emission behavior of the BCN nanofibers was characterized and a high emission current density of about 20–80 mA/cm2 at a low electric field of 5–6 V/μm implies a promising application as field-emission sources. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126429
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic characterization of n-ScN/p+ Si heterojunctions (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 995-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the electronic characterization of n-ScN in heterojunctions, including deep level transient spectroscopy of electrically active deep levels. ScN material has been grown by plasma assisted physical vapor deposition on commercial p+ Si substrates. Current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements indicate that the built-in voltages for the heterojunctions used in this study are approximately 1.74 and 0.40 eV, as seen by electrons and holes. Deep level transient spectroscopy results show the presence of an electronic trap with activation energy EC−ET=0.51 eV. The trap has a higher concentration (1.2–1.6×1013 cm−3) closer to the ScN/Si interface. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1447323
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