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  • *Ecosystem  (936)
  • Signal Transduction  (575)
  • Models, Molecular  (435)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,931)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2010-2014  (779)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The field of optogenetics uses channelrhodopsins (ChRs) for light-induced neuronal activation. However, optimized tools for cellular inhibition at moderate light levels are lacking. We found that replacement of E90 in the central gate of ChR with positively charged residues produces chloride-conducting ChRs (ChloCs) with only negligible cation conductance. Molecular dynamics modeling unveiled that a high-affinity Cl(-)-binding site had been generated near the gate. Stabilizing the open state dramatically increased the operational light sensitivity of expressing cells (slow ChloC). In CA1 pyramidal cells, ChloCs completely inhibited action potentials triggered by depolarizing current injections or synaptic stimulation. Thus, by inverting the charge of the selectivity filter, we have created a class of directly light-gated anion channels that can be used to block neuronal output in a fully reversible fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wietek, Jonas -- Wiegert, J Simon -- Adeishvili, Nona -- Schneider, Franziska -- Watanabe, Hiroshi -- Tsunoda, Satoshi P -- Vogt, Arend -- Elstner, Marcus -- Oertner, Thomas G -- Hegemann, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):409-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1249375. Epub 2014 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):389-90. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.389-b. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. rosie.woodroffe@ioz.ac.uk. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1470-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Natural Gas ; Oil and Gas Fields/*microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):46-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Neuronal intracellular chloride concentration [Cl(-)](i) is an important determinant of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor (GABA(A)R)-mediated inhibition and cytoplasmic volume regulation. Equilibrative cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) move Cl(-) across the membrane, but accumulating evidence suggests factors other than the bulk concentrations of transported ions determine [Cl(-)](i). Measurement of [Cl(-)](i) in murine brain slice preparations expressing the transgenic fluorophore Clomeleon demonstrated that cytoplasmic impermeant anions ([A](i)) and polyanionic extracellular matrix glycoproteins ([A](o)) constrain the local [Cl(-)]. CCC inhibition had modest effects on [Cl(-)](i) and neuronal volume, but substantial changes were produced by alterations of the balance between [A](i) and [A](o). Therefore, CCCs are important elements of Cl(-) homeostasis, but local impermeant anions determine the homeostatic set point for [Cl(-)], and hence, neuronal volume and the polarity of local GABA(A)R signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220679/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glykys, J -- Dzhala, V -- Egawa, K -- Balena, T -- Saponjian, Y -- Kuchibhotla, K V -- Bacskai, B J -- Kahle, K T -- Zeuthen, T -- Staley, K J -- NS 40109-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000768/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040109/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS074772/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25 NS065743/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR025645/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U41 RR019703/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):670-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1245423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell Polarity ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate induces modulatory actions via the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus), which are class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We determined the structure of the human mGlu1 receptor seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain bound to a negative allosteric modulator, FITM, at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. The modulator binding site partially overlaps with the orthosteric binding sites of class A GPCRs but is more restricted than most other GPCRs. We observed a parallel 7TM dimer mediated by cholesterols, which suggests that signaling initiated by glutamate's interaction with the extracellular domain might be mediated via 7TM interactions within the full-length receptor dimer. A combination of crystallography, structure-activity relationships, mutagenesis, and full-length dimer modeling provides insights about the allosteric modulation and activation mechanism of class C GPCRs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991565/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991565/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Huixian -- Wang, Chong -- Gregory, Karen J -- Han, Gye Won -- Cho, Hyekyung P -- Xia, Yan -- Niswender, Colleen M -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Meiler, Jens -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Conn, P Jeffrey -- Stevens, Raymond C -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097376/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099842/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062646/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH090192/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS031373/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS078262/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS031373/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):58-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1249489. Epub 2014 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Allosteric Site ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Benzamides/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: The hierarchical packaging of eukaryotic chromatin plays a central role in transcriptional regulation and other DNA-related biological processes. Here, we report the 11-angstrom-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of 30-nanometer chromatin fibers reconstituted in the presence of linker histone H1 and with different nucleosome repeat lengths. The structures show a histone H1-dependent left-handed twist of the repeating tetranucleosomal structural units, within which the four nucleosomes zigzag back and forth with a straight linker DNA. The asymmetric binding and the location of histone H1 in chromatin play a role in the formation of the 30-nanometer fiber. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how nucleosomes compact into higher-order chromatin fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Feng -- Chen, Ping -- Sun, Dapeng -- Wang, Mingzhu -- Dong, Liping -- Liang, Dan -- Xu, Rui-Ming -- Zhu, Ping -- Li, Guohong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):376-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1251413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; DNA/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleosomes/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/chemistry ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: Reef-building in metazoans represents an important ecological innovation whereby individuals collectively enhance feeding efficiency and gain protection from competitors and predation. The appearance of metazoan reefs in the fossil record therefore indicates an adaptive response to complex ecological pressures. In the Nama Group, Namibia, we found evidence of reef-building by the earliest known skeletal metazoan, the globally distributed Cloudina, ~548 million years ago. These Cloudina reefs formed open frameworks without a microbial component but with mutual attachment and cementation between individuals. Orientated growth implies a passive suspension-feeding habit into nutrient-rich currents. The characteristics of Cloudina support the view that metazoan reef-building was promoted by the rise of substrate competitors and predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penny, A M -- Wood, R -- Curtis, A -- Bowyer, F -- Tostevin, R -- Hoffman, K-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1253393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. a.m.penny@ed.ac.uk. ; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Geological Survey of Namibia, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbonates ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology ; Namibia ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Development of vertebrate embryos involves tightly regulated molecular and cellular processes that progressively instruct proliferating embryonic cells about their identity and behavior. Whereas numerous gene activities have been found to be essential during early embryogenesis, little is known about the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. Here, we show that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Peng-Fei -- Houssin, Nathalie -- Ferri-Lagneau, Karine F -- Thisse, Bernard -- Thisse, Christine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):87-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastula/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; *Embryonic Development ; Gastrula/physiology ; Gastrulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Morphogenesis ; Nodal Protein/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*physiology
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, Bryan A -- Sydeman, William J -- Frank, David C -- Griffin, Daniel -- Stahle, David W -- Garcia-Reyes, Marisol -- Rykaczewski, Ryan R -- Bograd, Steven J -- Peterson, William T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1498-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1253209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. bryan.black@utexas.edu. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. ; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Zahringerstrasse 25, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 216 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. ; Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, NOAA, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Some HIV-infected individuals develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas most develop antibodies that neutralize only a narrow range of viruses (nNAbs). bNAbs, but not nNAbs, protect animals from experimental infection and are likely a key component of an effective vaccine. nNAbs and bNAbs target the same regions of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), but for reasons that remain unclear only nNAbs are elicited by Env immunization. We show that in contrast to germline-reverted (gl) bNAbs, glnNAbs recognized diverse recombinant Envs. Moreover, owing to binding affinity differences, nNAb B cell progenitors had an advantage in becoming activated and internalizing Env compared with bNAb B cell progenitors. We then identified an Env modification strategy that minimized the activation of nNAb B cells targeting epitopes that overlap those of bNAbs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290850/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290850/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGuire, Andrew T -- Dreyer, Anita M -- Carbonetti, Sara -- Lippy, Adriana -- Glenn, Jolene -- Scheid, Johannes F -- Mouquet, Hugo -- Stamatatos, Leonidas -- P01 AI094419/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI094419-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 19AI109632-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI109632/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1380-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1259206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS-URA 1961, 75015 Paris, France. ; Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. lstamata@fhcrc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Binding, Competitive ; Epitopes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Models, Molecular ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/genetics/*immunology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: Immune and inflammatory responses require leukocytes to migrate within and through the vasculature, a process that is facilitated by their capacity to switch to a polarized morphology with an asymmetric distribution of receptors. We report that neutrophil polarization within activated venules served to organize a protruding domain that engaged activated platelets present in the bloodstream. The selectin ligand PSGL-1 transduced signals emanating from these interactions, resulting in the redistribution of receptors that drive neutrophil migration. Consequently, neutrophils unable to polarize or to transduce signals through PSGL-1 displayed aberrant crawling, and blockade of this domain protected mice against thromboinflammatory injury. These results reveal that recruited neutrophils scan for activated platelets, and they suggest that the neutrophils' bipolarity allows the integration of signals present at both the endothelium and the circulation before inflammation proceeds.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280847/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280847/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreeramkumar, Vinatha -- Adrover, Jose M -- Ballesteros, Ivan -- Cuartero, Maria Isabel -- Rossaint, Jan -- Bilbao, Izaskun -- Nacher, Maria -- Pitaval, Christophe -- Radovanovic, Irena -- Fukui, Yoshinori -- McEver, Rodger P -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Lizasoain, Ignacio -- Ruiz-Cabello, Jesus -- Zarbock, Alexander -- Moro, Maria A -- Hidalgo, Andres -- HL03463/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL085607/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL090676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL085607/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL034363/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1234-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1256478. Epub 2014 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. ; Unidad de Investigacion Neurovascular, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Munster and Max Planck Institute Munster, Munster, Germany. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. ; Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Japan. ; Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. ; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. ahidalgo@cnic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Blood Platelets/*immunology ; Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology ; Inflammation/blood/*immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/*immunology ; *Platelet Activation ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombosis/*immunology ; Venules/immunology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: In 1990, Andrew Bakun proposed that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations would force intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in eastern boundary current systems that contribute substantial services to society. Because there is considerable disagreement about whether contemporary wind trends support Bakun's hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature on upwelling-favorable wind intensification. The preponderance of published analyses suggests that winds have intensified in the California, Benguela, and Humboldt upwelling systems and weakened in the Iberian system over time scales ranging up to 60 years; wind change is equivocal in the Canary system. Stronger intensification signals are observed at higher latitudes, consistent with the warming pattern associated with climate change. Overall, reported changes in coastal winds, although subtle and spatially variable, support Bakun's hypothesis of upwelling intensification in eastern boundary current systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sydeman, W J -- Garcia-Reyes, M -- Schoeman, D S -- Rykaczewski, R R -- Thompson, S A -- Black, B A -- Bograd, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1251635.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. wsydeman@comcast.net. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. ; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Suite Q, 101 H Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Box 355674, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Marine Science Institute, University of Texas, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. ; Environmental Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1352 Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950-2097, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Wind
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gramling, Carolyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):463. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aquatic Organisms ; Copper ; *Ecosystem ; Gold ; Mining/*economics ; Papua New Guinea ; *Seawater
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: Nitrogen (N) is a critical nutrient for plants but is often distributed unevenly in the soil. Plants therefore have evolved a systemic mechanism by which N starvation on one side of the root system leads to a compensatory and increased nitrate uptake on the other side. Here, we study the molecular systems that support perception of N and the long-distance signaling needed to alter root development. Rootlets starved of N secrete small peptides that are translocated to the shoot and received by two leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Arabidopsis plants deficient in this pathway show growth retardation accompanied with N-deficiency symptoms. Thus, signaling from the root to the shoot helps the plant adapt to fluctuations in local N availability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabata, Ryo -- Sumida, Kumiko -- Yoshii, Tomoaki -- Ohyama, Kentaro -- Shinohara, Hidefumi -- Matsubayashi, Yoshikatsu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):343-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1257800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. ; Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. matsu@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: Pathogens traverse multiple barriers during infection, including cell membranes. We found that during this transition, pathogens carried covalently attached complement C3 into the cell, triggering immediate signaling and effector responses. Sensing of C3 in the cytosol activated mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent signaling cascades and induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion. C3 also flagged viruses for rapid proteasomal degradation, preventing their replication. This system could detect both viral and bacterial pathogens but was antagonized by enteroviruses, such as rhinovirus and poliovirus, which cleave C3 using their 3C protease. The antiviral rupintrivir inhibited 3C protease and prevented C3 cleavage, rendering enteroviruses susceptible to intracellular complement sensing. Thus, complement C3 allows cells to detect and disable pathogens that have invaded the cytosol.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172439/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172439/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tam, Jerry C H -- Bidgood, Susanna R -- McEwan, William A -- James, Leo C -- 281627/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105181010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U105181010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1256070. doi: 10.1126/science.1256070. Epub 2014 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. lcj@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/*immunology ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Complement C3/*immunology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; Dogs ; HEK293 Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
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  • 18
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bar-Peled, Liron -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1191-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA. lironbp@scripps.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Body Size ; *Cell Enlargement ; *Cell Proliferation ; GTP-Binding Protein Regulators/*metabolism ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferreira, J -- Aragao, L E O C -- Barlow, J -- Barreto, P -- Berenguer, E -- Bustamante, M -- Gardner, T A -- Lees, A C -- Lima, A -- Louzada, J -- Pardini, R -- Parry, L -- Peres, C A -- Pompeu, P S -- Tabarelli, M -- Zuanon, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):706-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉See the supplementary materials for author af liations. joice.ferreira@embrapa.br. ; See the supplementary materials for author af liations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Federal Government ; *Mining ; Risk
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: Histone H3 lysine(27)-to-methionine (H3K27M) gain-of-function mutations occur in highly aggressive pediatric gliomas. We established a Drosophila animal model for the pathogenic histone H3K27M mutation and show that its overexpression resembles polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) loss-of-function phenotypes, causing derepression of PRC2 target genes and developmental perturbations. Similarly, an H3K9M mutant depletes H3K9 methylation levels and suppresses position-effect variegation in various Drosophila tissues. The histone H3K9 demethylase KDM3B/JHDM2 associates with H3K9M-containing nucleosomes, and its misregulation in Drosophila results in changes of H3K9 methylation levels and heterochromatic silencing defects. We have established histone lysine-to-methionine mutants as robust in vivo tools for inhibiting methylation pathways that also function as biochemical reagents for capturing site-specific histone-modifying enzymes, thus providing molecular insight into chromatin signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508193/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508193/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herz, Hans-Martin -- Morgan, Marc -- Gao, Xin -- Jackson, Jessica -- Rickels, Ryan -- Swanson, Selene K -- Florens, Laurence -- Washburn, Michael P -- Eissenberg, Joel C -- Shilatifard, Ali -- CA R01CA089455/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA089455/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1065-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1255104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. ; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. ; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. ash@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Gene Silencing ; Glioma/genetics/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Histones/*genetics/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism ; Lysine/*genetics ; Methionine/*genetics ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: The prevention of fertilization through self-pollination (or pollination by a close relative) in the Brassicaceae plant family is determined by the genotype of the plant at the self-incompatibility locus (S locus). The many alleles at this locus exhibit a dominance hierarchy that determines which of the two allelic specificities of a heterozygous genotype is expressed at the phenotypic level. Here, we uncover the evolution of how at least 17 small RNA (sRNA)-producing loci and their multiple target sites collectively control the dominance hierarchy among alleles within the gene controlling the pollen S-locus phenotype in a self-incompatible Arabidopsis species. Selection has created a dynamic repertoire of sRNA-target interactions by jointly acting on sRNA genes and their target sites, which has resulted in a complex system of regulation among alleles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durand, Eleonore -- Meheust, Raphael -- Soucaze, Marion -- Goubet, Pauline M -- Gallina, Sophie -- Poux, Celine -- Fobis-Loisy, Isabelle -- Guillon, Eline -- Gaude, Thierry -- Sarazin, Alexis -- Figeac, Martin -- Prat, Elisa -- Marande, William -- Berges, Helene -- Vekemans, Xavier -- Billiard, Sylvain -- Castric, Vincent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1200-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1259442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Genetique et Evolution des Populations Vegetales, CNRS UMR 8198, Universite Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. ; Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, Institut Federatif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France. ; Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; UDSL Universite Lille 2 Droit et Sante, and Plate-forme de genomique fonctionnelle et structurale IFR-114, F-59000 Lille, France. ; Centre National des Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, INRA UPR 1258, Castanet-Tolosan, France. ; Laboratoire Genetique et Evolution des Populations Vegetales, CNRS UMR 8198, Universite Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. vincent.castric@univ-lille1.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Loci ; Models, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Pollination ; RNA, Small Untranslated/classification/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: In theoretical ecology, traditional studies based on dynamical stability and numerical simulations have not found a unified answer to the effect of network architecture on community persistence. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework based on the concept of structural stability to explain such a disparity of results. We investigated the range of conditions necessary for the stable coexistence of all species in mutualistic systems. We show that the apparently contradictory conclusions reached by previous studies arise as a consequence of overseeing either the necessary conditions for persistence or its dependence on model parameterization. We show that observed network architectures maximize the range of conditions for species coexistence. We discuss the applicability of structural stability to study other types of interspecific interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohr, Rudolf P -- Saavedra, Serguei -- Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):1253497. doi: 10.1126/science.1253497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; *Symbiosis
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Neural circuits are shaped by elimination of early-formed redundant synapses during postnatal development. Retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cells regulates synapse elimination. In this work, we identified semaphorins, a family of versatile cell recognition molecules, as retrograde signals for elimination of redundant climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in developing mouse cerebellum. Knockdown of Sema3A, a secreted semaphorin, in Purkinje cells or its receptor in climbing fibers accelerated synapse elimination during postnatal day 8 (P8) to P18. Conversely, knockdown of Sema7A, a membrane-anchored semaphorin, in Purkinje cells or either of its two receptors in climbing fibers impaired synapse elimination after P15. The effect of Sema7A involves signaling by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, a canonical pathway for climbing fiber synapse elimination. These findings define how semaphorins retrogradely regulate multiple processes of synapse elimination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uesaka, Naofumi -- Uchigashima, Motokazu -- Mikuni, Takayasu -- Nakazawa, Takanobu -- Nakao, Harumi -- Hirai, Hirokazu -- Aiba, Atsu -- Watanabe, Masahiko -- Kano, Masanobu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1020-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1252514. Epub 2014 May 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. ; Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Neurophysiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. ; Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. mkano-tky@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24831527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/genetics/*metabolism ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics/metabolism ; Semaphorin-3A/genetics/*metabolism ; Semaphorins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/genetics/*physiology
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: In prokaryotes, RNA derived from type I and type III CRISPR loci direct large ribonucleoprotein complexes to destroy invading bacteriophage and plasmids. In Escherichia coli, this 405-kilodalton complex is called Cascade. We report the crystal structure of Cascade bound to a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) target at a resolution of 3.03 angstroms. The structure reveals that the CRISPR RNA and target strands do not form a double helix but instead adopt an underwound ribbon-like structure. This noncanonical structure is facilitated by rotation of every sixth nucleotide out of the RNA-DNA hybrid and is stabilized by the highly interlocked organization of protein subunits. These studies provide insight into both the assembly and the activity of this complex and suggest a mechanism to enforce fidelity of target binding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mulepati, Sabin -- Heroux, Annie -- Bailey, Scott -- GM097330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR012408/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1479-84. doi: 10.1126/science.1256996. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. scott.bailey@jhu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25123481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CRISPR-Associated Proteins/*chemistry ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Helicases/chemistry ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*chemistry ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a Drosophila morphogen signaling protein, transfers directly at synapses made at sites of contact between cells that produce Dpp and cytonemes that extend from recipient cells. The Dpp that cytonemes receive moves together with activated receptors toward the recipient cell body in motile puncta. Genetic loss-of-function conditions for diaphanous, shibire, neuroglian, and capricious perturbed cytonemes by reducing their number or only the synapses they make with cells they target, and reduced cytoneme-mediated transport of Dpp and Dpp signaling. These experiments provide direct evidence that cells use cytonemes to exchange signaling proteins, that cytoneme-based exchange is essential for signaling and normal development, and that morphogen distribution and signaling can be contact-dependent, requiring cytoneme synapses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336149/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336149/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Sougata -- Huang, Hai -- Liu, Songmei -- Kornberg, Thomas B -- GM030637/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99HL114867/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM030637/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):1244624. doi: 10.1126/science.1244624. Epub 2014 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Sacs/cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Communication ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/*metabolism ; Dynamins/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Pseudopodia/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trachea/cytology/metabolism
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardinale, Bradley -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1098. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1098-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA. bradcard@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: Motor neurons, which relay neural commands to drive skeletal muscle movements, encompass types ranging from "slow" to "fast," whose biophysical properties govern the timing, gradation, and amplitude of muscle force. Here we identify the noncanonical Notch ligand Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1) as a determinant of motor neuron functional diversification. Dlk1, expressed by ~30% of motor neurons, is necessary and sufficient to promote a fast biophysical signature in the mouse and chick. Dlk1 suppresses Notch signaling and activates expression of the K(+) channel subunit Kcng4 to modulate delayed-rectifier currents. Dlk1 inactivation comprehensively shifts motor neurons toward slow biophysical and transcriptome signatures, while abolishing peak force outputs. Our findings provide insights into the development of motor neuron functional diversity and its contribution to the execution of movements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Daniel -- Cherukuri, Pitchaiah -- Henningfeld, Kristine -- Poh, Chor Hoon -- Wittler, Lars -- Grote, Phillip -- Schluter, Oliver -- Schmidt, Jennifer -- Laborda, Jorge -- Bauer, Steven R -- Brownstone, Robert M -- Marquardt, Till -- R01 HD042013/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1264-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1246448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI-G), Grisebachstrasse 5, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Neurons/*metabolism ; Movement ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/*physiology ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/genetics ; Receptors, Notch/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptome
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Ecologists have long sought to understand the factors controlling the structure of savanna vegetation. Using data from 2154 sites in savannas across Africa, Australia, and South America, we found that increasing moisture availability drives increases in fire and tree basal area, whereas fire reduces tree basal area. However, among continents, the magnitude of these effects varied substantially, so that a single model cannot adequately represent savanna woody biomass across these regions. Historical and environmental differences drive the regional variation in the functional relationships between woody vegetation, fire, and climate. These same differences will determine the regional responses of vegetation to future climates, with implications for global carbon stocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehmann, Caroline E R -- Anderson, T Michael -- Sankaran, Mahesh -- Higgins, Steven I -- Archibald, Sally -- Hoffmann, William A -- Hanan, Niall P -- Williams, Richard J -- Fensham, Roderick J -- Felfili, Jeanine -- Hutley, Lindsay B -- Ratnam, Jayashree -- San Jose, Jose -- Montes, Ruben -- Franklin, Don -- Russell-Smith, Jeremy -- Ryan, Casey M -- Durigan, Giselda -- Hiernaux, Pierre -- Haidar, Ricardo -- Bowman, David M J S -- Bond, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):548-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1247355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; Humidity ; Models, Biological ; South America ; *Trees
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: It has been assumed that most, if not all, signals regulating early development have been identified. Contrary to this expectation, we identified 28 candidate signaling proteins expressed during zebrafish embryogenesis, including Toddler, a short, conserved, and secreted peptide. Both absence and overproduction of Toddler reduce the movement of mesendodermal cells during zebrafish gastrulation. Local and ubiquitous production of Toddler promote cell movement, suggesting that Toddler is neither an attractant nor a repellent but acts globally as a motogen. Toddler drives internalization of G protein-coupled APJ/Apelin receptors, and activation of APJ/Apelin signaling rescues toddler mutants. These results indicate that Toddler is an activator of APJ/Apelin receptor signaling, promotes gastrulation movements, and might be the first in a series of uncharacterized developmental signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4107353/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4107353/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauli, Andrea -- Norris, Megan L -- Valen, Eivind -- Chew, Guo-Liang -- Gagnon, James A -- Zimmerman, Steven -- Mitchell, Andrew -- Ma, Jiao -- Dubrulle, Julien -- Reyon, Deepak -- Tsai, Shengdar Q -- Joung, J Keith -- Saghatelian, Alan -- Schier, Alexander F -- K99 HD076935/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102491/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005111/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):1248636. doi: 10.1126/science.1248636. Epub 2014 Jan 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24407481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gastrulation/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pawar, Samraat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):383. doi: 10.1126/science.1256466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, U K. s.pawar@imperial.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; *Symbiosis
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: Small molecules are useful tools for probing the biological function and therapeutic potential of individual proteins, but achieving selectivity is challenging when the target protein shares structural domains with other proteins. The Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) proteins have attracted interest because of their roles in transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and cancer. The BET bromodomains (protein interaction modules that bind acetyl-lysine) have been targeted by potent small-molecule inhibitors, but these inhibitors lack selectivity for individual family members. We developed an ethyl derivative of an existing small-molecule inhibitor, I-BET/JQ1, and showed that it binds leucine/alanine mutant bromodomains with nanomolar affinity and achieves up to 540-fold selectivity relative to wild-type bromodomains. Cell culture studies showed that blockade of the first bromodomain alone is sufficient to displace a specific BET protein, Brd4, from chromatin. Expansion of this approach could help identify the individual roles of single BET proteins in human physiology and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4458378/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4458378/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baud, Matthias G J -- Lin-Shiao, Enrique -- Cardote, Teresa -- Tallant, Cynthia -- Pschibul, Annica -- Chan, Kwok-Ho -- Zengerle, Michael -- Garcia, Jordi R -- Kwan, Terence T-L -- Ferguson, Fleur M -- Ciulli, Alessio -- 097945/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 100476/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/G023123/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/J001201/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):638-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1249830. Epub 2014 Oct 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. ; Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. ; Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. a.ciulli@dundee.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25323695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Azepines/chemistry/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Leucine/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Probes/*chemistry ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Protein Engineering/*methods ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics ; Triazoles/chemistry/pharmacology
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bauer, S -- Hoye, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):1242552. doi: 10.1126/science.1242552.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Herbivory ; Parasites/physiology ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1301. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6177.1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; *Floods ; Groundwater ; Mexico ; *Rivers ; Salinity ; Trees/*growth & development ; United States
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: T cell responses are initiated by antigen and promoted by a range of costimulatory signals. Understanding how T cells integrate alternative signal combinations and make decisions affecting immune response strength or tolerance poses a considerable theoretical challenge. Here, we report that T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory signals imprint an early, cell-intrinsic, division fate, whereby cells effectively count through generations before returning automatically to a quiescent state. This autonomous program can be extended by cytokines. Signals from the TCR, costimulatory receptors, and cytokines add together using a linear division calculus, allowing the strength of a T cell response to be predicted from the sum of the underlying signal components. These data resolve a long-standing costimulation paradox and provide a quantitative paradigm for therapeutically manipulating immune response strength.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchingo, Julia M -- Kan, Andrey -- Sutherland, Robyn M -- Duffy, Ken R -- Wellard, Cameron J -- Belz, Gabrielle T -- Lew, Andrew M -- Dowling, Mark R -- Heinzel, Susanne -- Hodgkin, Philip D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1123-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260044.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. ; Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland. ; Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. ; Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. hodgkin@wehi.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines/*immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Signal Transduction
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1289. doi: 10.1126/science.1253412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Gulf of Mexico ; *Petroleum Pollution
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is central to membrane protein targeting; SRP RNA is essential for SRP assembly, elongation arrest, and activation of SRP guanosine triphosphatases. In eukaryotes, SRP function relies on the SRP68-SRP72 heterodimer. We present the crystal structures of the RNA-binding domain of SRP68 (SRP68-RBD) alone and in complex with SRP RNA and SRP19. SRP68-RBD is a tetratricopeptide-like module that binds to a RNA three-way junction, bends the RNA, and inserts an alpha-helical arginine-rich motif (ARM) into the major groove. The ARM opens the conserved 5f RNA loop, which in ribosome-bound SRP establishes a contact to ribosomal RNA. Our data provide the structural basis for eukaryote-specific, SRP68-driven RNA remodeling required for protein translocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grotwinkel, Jan Timo -- Wild, Klemens -- Segnitz, Bernd -- Sinning, Irmgard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):101-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1249094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), INF 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Protein Transport ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Cytoplasmic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Cytoplasmic plant immune receptors recognize specific pathogen effector proteins and initiate effector-triggered immunity. In Arabidopsis, the immune receptors RPS4 and RRS1 are both required to activate defense to three different pathogens. We show that RPS4 and RRS1 physically associate. Crystal structures of the N-terminal Toll-interleukin-1 receptor/resistance (TIR) domains of RPS4 and RRS1, individually and as a heterodimeric complex (respectively at 2.05, 1.75, and 2.65 angstrom resolution), reveal a conserved TIR/TIR interaction interface. We show that TIR domain heterodimerization is required to form a functional RRS1/RPS4 effector recognition complex. The RPS4 TIR domain activates effector-independent defense, which is inhibited by the RRS1 TIR domain through the heterodimerization interface. Thus, RPS4 and RRS1 function as a receptor complex in which the two components play distinct roles in recognition and signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Simon J -- Sohn, Kee Hoon -- Wan, Li -- Bernoux, Maud -- Sarris, Panagiotis F -- Segonzac, Cecile -- Ve, Thomas -- Ma, Yan -- Saucet, Simon B -- Ericsson, Daniel J -- Casey, Lachlan W -- Lonhienne, Thierry -- Winzor, Donald J -- Zhang, Xiaoxiao -- Coerdt, Anne -- Parker, Jane E -- Dodds, Peter N -- Kobe, Bostjan -- Jones, Jonathan D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):299-303. doi: 10.1126/science.1247357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrobacterium/physiology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/*immunology/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Death ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Immunity, Innate ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/immunology/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/immunology/metabolism/microbiology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Stem cells fuel tissue development, renewal, and regeneration, and these activities are controlled by the local stem cell microenvironment, the "niche." Wnt signals emanating from the niche can act as self-renewal factors for stem cells in multiple mammalian tissues. Wnt proteins are lipid-modified, which constrains them to act as short-range cellular signals. The locality of Wnt signaling dictates that stem cells exiting the Wnt signaling domain differentiate, spatially delimiting the niche in certain tissues. In some instances, stem cells may act as or generate their own niche, enabling the self-organization of patterned tissues. In this Review, we discuss the various ways by which Wnt operates in stem cell control and, in doing so, identify an integral program for tissue renewal and regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clevers, Hans -- Loh, Kyle M -- Nusse, Roel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):1248012. doi: 10.1126/science.1248012. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Centre Utrecht and CancerGenomics.nl, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rnusse@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Division ; Hair Follicle/physiology ; Humans ; Intestines/physiology ; Mammary Glands, Human/physiology ; Regeneration/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Most animals sleep more early in life than in adulthood, but the function of early sleep is not known. Using Drosophila, we found that increased sleep in young flies was associated with an elevated arousal threshold and resistance to sleep deprivation. Excess sleep results from decreased inhibition of a sleep-promoting region by a specific dopaminergic circuit. Experimental hyperactivation of this circuit in young flies results in sleep loss and lasting deficits in adult courtship behaviors. These deficits are accompanied by impaired development of a single olfactory glomerulus, VA1v, which normally displays extensive sleep-dependent growth after eclosion. Our results demonstrate that sleep promotes normal brain development that gives rise to an adult behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayser, Matthew S -- Yue, Zhifeng -- Sehgal, Amita -- R25MH060490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007713/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32HL07713/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):269-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1250553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arousal ; Brain/growth & development/physiology ; Courtship ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Drosophila/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/growth & development/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep ; Sleep Deprivation ; Temperature
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Ryan P -- Port, Jesse A -- Yamahara, Kevan M -- Martone, Rebecca G -- Lowell, Natalie -- Thomsen, Philip Francis -- Mach, Megan E -- Bennett, Meredith -- Prahler, Erin -- Caldwell, Margaret R -- Crowder, Larry B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1455-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1251156. Epub 2014 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rpkelly@uw.edu. ; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; DNA/*analysis ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; *Environmental Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Introduced Species
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):472-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants ; Biomass ; Butterflies ; Carnivory ; *Ecosystem ; Male ; *Salts ; *Sodium Chloride ; Soil/*chemistry ; Trees
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: Unfertilized oocytes have the intrinsic capacity to remodel sperm and the nuclei of somatic cells. The discoveries that cells can change their phenotype from differentiated to embryonic state using oocytes or specific transcription factors have been recognized as two major breakthroughs in the biomedical field. Here, we show that ASF1A, a histone-remodeling chaperone specifically enriched in the metaphase II human oocyte, is necessary for reprogramming of human adult dermal fibroblasts (hADFs) into undifferentiated induced pluripotent stem cell. We also show that overexpression of just ASF1A and OCT4 in hADFs exposed to the oocyte-specific paracrine growth factor GDF9 can reprogram hADFs into pluripotent cells. Our Report underscores the importance of studying the unfertilized MII oocyte as a means to understand the molecular pathways governing somatic cell reprogramming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez-Munoz, Elena -- Arboleda-Estudillo, Yohanna -- Otu, Hasan H -- Cibelli, Jose B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):822-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254745. Epub 2014 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉LARCEL, Laboratorio Andaluz de Reprogramacion Celular, BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologia Andalucia, 29590, Spain. ; Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University 34060, Istanbul, Turkey. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; LARCEL, Laboratorio Andaluz de Reprogramacion Celular, BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologia Andalucia, 29590, Spain. Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. cibelli@msu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Fibroblasts/cytology/physiology ; Growth Differentiation Factor 9/metabolism ; Histone Chaperones/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Metaphase ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism ; Oocytes/cytology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transcriptome
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Cellular circuits sense the environment, process signals, and compute decisions using networks of interacting proteins. To model such a system, the abundance of each activated protein species can be described as a stochastic function of the abundance of other proteins. High-dimensional single-cell technologies, such as mass cytometry, offer an opportunity to characterize signaling circuit-wide. However, the challenge of developing and applying computational approaches to interpret such complex data remains. Here, we developed computational methods, based on established statistical concepts, to characterize signaling network relationships by quantifying the strengths of network edges and deriving signaling response functions. In comparing signaling between naive and antigen-exposed CD4(+) T lymphocytes, we find that although these two cell subtypes had similarly wired networks, naive cells transmitted more information along a key signaling cascade than did antigen-exposed cells. We validated our characterization on mice lacking the extracellular-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK2, which showed stronger influence of pERK on pS6 (phosphorylated-ribosomal protein S6), in naive cells as compared with antigen-exposed cells, as predicted. We demonstrate that by using cell-to-cell variation inherent in single-cell data, we can derive response functions underlying molecular circuits and drive the understanding of how cells process signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334155/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334155/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krishnaswamy, Smita -- Spitzer, Matthew H -- Mingueneau, Michael -- Bendall, Sean C -- Litvin, Oren -- Stone, Erica -- Pe'er, Dana -- Nolan, Garry P -- 1K01DK095008/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R01CA130826/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1U54CA121852-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 09-011/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN268201000034C/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272200700038C/PHS HHS/ -- HV-10-05/HV/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK095008/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA034233/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 GM104148/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA130826/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- S10RR027582-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057229/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI100627/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1250689. doi: 10.1126/science.1250689. Epub 2014 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. dpeer@biology.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Computer Simulation ; Image Cytometry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis/*methods ; Systems Biology/*methods ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: Auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) was discovered nearly 40 years ago and was shown to be essential for plant development and morphogenesis, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here, we report that the plasma membrane-localized transmembrane kinase (TMK) receptor-like kinases interact with ABP1 and transduce auxin signal to activate plasma membrane-associated ROPs [Rho-like guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase) from plants], leading to changes in the cytoskeleton and the shape of leaf pavement cells in Arabidopsis. The interaction between ABP1 and TMK at the cell surface is induced by auxin and requires ABP1 sensing of auxin. These findings show that TMK proteins and ABP1 form a cell surface auxin perception complex that activates ROP signaling pathways, regulating nontranscriptional cytoplasmic responses and associated fundamental processes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166562/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166562/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Tongda -- Dai, Ning -- Chen, Jisheng -- Nagawa, Shingo -- Cao, Min -- Li, Hongjiang -- Zhou, Zimin -- Chen, Xu -- De Rycke, Riet -- Rakusova, Hana -- Wang, Wuyi -- Jones, Alan M -- Friml, Jiri -- Patterson, Sara E -- Bleecker, Anthony B -- Yang, Zhenbiao -- GM065989/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM081451/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081451/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):1025-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1245125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Plant Leaves/enzymology/genetics ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Btk29A is the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), mutations of which in humans cause a heritable immunodeficiency disease. Btk29A mutations stabilized the proliferating cystoblast fate, leading to an ovarian tumor. This phenotype was rescued by overexpression of wild-type Btk29A and phenocopied by the interference of Wnt4-beta-catenin signaling or its putative downstream nuclear protein Piwi in somatic escort cells. Btk29A and mammalian Btk directly phosphorylated tyrosine residues of beta-catenin, leading to the up-regulation of its transcriptional activity. Thus, we identify a transcriptional switch involving the kinase Btk29A/Btk and its phosphorylation target, beta-catenin, which functions downstream of Wnt4 in escort cells to terminate Drosophila germ cell proliferation through up-regulation of piwi expression. This signaling mechanism likely represents a versatile developmental switch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamada-Kawaguchi, Noriko -- Nore, Beston F -- Kuwada, Yusuke -- Smith, C I Edvard -- Yamamoto, Daisuke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):294-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1244512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Cell Proliferation ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genomic Instability ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Tight junctions are cell-cell adhesion structures in epithelial cell sheets that surround organ compartments in multicellular organisms and regulate the permeation of ions through the intercellular space. Claudins are the major constituents of tight junctions and form strands that mediate cell adhesion and function as paracellular barriers. We report the structure of mammalian claudin-15 at a resolution of 2.4 angstroms. The structure reveals a characteristic beta-sheet fold comprising two extracellular segments, which is anchored to a transmembrane four-helix bundle by a consensus motif. Our analyses suggest potential paracellular pathways with distinctive charges on the extracellular surface, providing insight into the molecular basis of ion homeostasis across tight junctions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Nishizawa, Tomohiro -- Tani, Kazutoshi -- Yamazaki, Yuji -- Tamura, Atsushi -- Ishitani, Ryuichiro -- Dohmae, Naoshi -- Tsukita, Sachiko -- Nureki, Osamu -- Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):304-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Claudins/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Tight Junctions/*chemistry/physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: Light is a source of energy and also a regulator of plant physiological adaptations. We show here that light/dark conditions affect alternative splicing of a subset of Arabidopsis genes preferentially encoding proteins involved in RNA processing. The effect requires functional chloroplasts and is also observed in roots when the communication with the photosynthetic tissues is not interrupted, suggesting that a signaling molecule travels through the plant. Using photosynthetic electron transfer inhibitors with different mechanisms of action, we deduce that the reduced pool of plastoquinones initiates a chloroplast retrograde signaling that regulates nuclear alternative splicing and is necessary for proper plant responses to varying light conditions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382720/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382720/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petrillo, Ezequiel -- Godoy Herz, Micaela A -- Fuchs, Armin -- Reifer, Dominik -- Fuller, John -- Yanovsky, Marcelo J -- Simpson, Craig -- Brown, John W S -- Barta, Andrea -- Kalyna, Maria -- Kornblihtt, Alberto R -- BB/G024979/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- P 26333/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):427-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1250322. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio de Fisiologia y Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Biologia Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; Circadian Clocks ; Dibromothymoquinone/pharmacology ; Diuron/pharmacology ; Electron Transport/drug effects ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis/drug effects ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Plastoquinone/*metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Seedlings/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeifer, M -- Packer, C -- Burton, A C -- Garnett, S T -- Loveridge, A J -- MacNulty, D -- Platts, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):389. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.389-a. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forest Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. m.pfeifer@imperial.ac.uk. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. ; Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. ; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. ; Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX13 5QL, UK. ; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. ; York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Iron sequestration provides an innate defense, termed nutritional immunity, leading pathogens to scavenge iron from hosts. Although the molecular basis of this battle for iron is established, its potential as a force for evolution at host-pathogen interfaces is unknown. We show that the iron transport protein transferrin is engaged in ancient and ongoing evolutionary conflicts with TbpA, a transferrin surface receptor from bacteria. Single substitutions in transferrin at rapidly evolving sites reverse TbpA binding, providing a mechanism to counteract bacterial iron piracy among great apes. Furthermore, the C2 transferrin polymorphism in humans evades TbpA variants from Haemophilus influenzae, revealing a functional basis for standing genetic variation. These findings identify a central role for nutritional immunity in the persistent evolutionary conflicts between primates and bacterial pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4455941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barber, Matthew F -- Elde, Nels C -- 1F32GM108288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM090042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R00 GM090042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1362-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1259329.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. nelde@genetics.utah.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Haemophilus influenzae/*metabolism ; Haplorhini/*genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neisseria/*metabolism ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/metabolism ; Neisseria meningitidis/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Selection, Genetic ; Transferrin/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Transferrin-Binding Protein A/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1098-9. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1098-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK. maadd@st-andrews.ac.uk. ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. ; School of Biology and Ecology, Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. ; Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal alpha diversity, measured as change in local diversity, and temporal beta diversity, measured as change in community composition. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of alpha diversity. However, community composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models. Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change, and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal alpha and beta diversity. Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Shimadzu, Hideyasu -- Moyes, Faye -- Sievers, Caya -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):296-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Large carnivores face serious threats and are experiencing massive declines in their populations and geographic ranges around the world. We highlight how these threats have affected the conservation status and ecological functioning of the 31 largest mammalian carnivores on Earth. Consistent with theory, empirical studies increasingly show that large carnivores have substantial effects on the structure and function of diverse ecosystems. Significant cascading trophic interactions, mediated by their prey or sympatric mesopredators, arise when some of these carnivores are extirpated from or repatriated to ecosystems. Unexpected effects of trophic cascades on various taxa and processes include changes to bird, mammal, invertebrate, and herpetofauna abundance or richness; subsidies to scavengers; altered disease dynamics; carbon sequestration; modified stream morphology; and crop damage. Promoting tolerance and coexistence with large carnivores is a crucial societal challenge that will ultimately determine the fate of Earth's largest carnivores and all that depends upon them, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ripple, William J -- Estes, James A -- Beschta, Robert L -- Wilmers, Christopher C -- Ritchie, Euan G -- Hebblewhite, Mark -- Berger, Joel -- Elmhagen, Bodil -- Letnic, Mike -- Nelson, Michael P -- Schmitz, Oswald J -- Smith, Douglas W -- Wallach, Arian D -- Wirsing, Aaron J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):1241484. doi: 10.1126/science.1241484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; Meat Products/statistics & numerical data ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Population Dynamics
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  • 53
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Law, Kara Lavender -- Thompson, Richard C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):144-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254065. Epub 2014 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oceanography, Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. klavender@sea.edu. ; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/*drug effects ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Particle Size ; Plastics/*toxicity ; *Seawater ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity ; Water Pollution, Chemical/*prevention & control
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Signaling from JAK (Janus kinase) protein kinases to STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) transcription factors is key to many aspects of biology and medicine, yet the mechanism by which cytokine receptors initiate signaling is enigmatic. We present a complete mechanistic model for activation of receptor-bound JAK2, based on an archetypal cytokine receptor, the growth hormone receptor. For this, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to monitor positioning of the JAK2 binding motif in the receptor dimer, substitution of the receptor extracellular domains with Jun zippers to control the position of its transmembrane (TM) helices, atomistic modeling of TM helix movements, and docking of the crystal structures of the JAK2 kinase and its inhibitory pseudokinase domain with an opposing kinase-pseudokinase domain pair. Activation of the receptor dimer induced a separation of its JAK2 binding motifs, driven by a ligand-induced transition from a parallel TM helix pair to a left-handed crossover arrangement. This separation leads to removal of the pseudokinase domain from the kinase domain of the partner JAK2 and pairing of the two kinase domains, facilitating trans-activation. This model may well generalize to other class I cytokine receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, Andrew J -- Dai, Wei -- O'Mara, Megan L -- Abankwa, Daniel -- Chhabra, Yash -- Pelekanos, Rebecca A -- Gardon, Olivier -- Tunny, Kathryn A -- Blucher, Kristopher M -- Morton, Craig J -- Parker, Michael W -- Sierecki, Emma -- Gambin, Yann -- Gomez, Guillermo A -- Alexandrov, Kirill -- Wilson, Ian A -- Doxastakis, Manolis -- Mark, Alan E -- Waters, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):1249783. doi: 10.1126/science.1249783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. m.waters@uq.edu.au a.brooks@uq.edu.au. ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA. ; The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Biota Structural Biology Laboratory and Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. ; Biota Structural Biology Laboratory and Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. ; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Somatotropin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control expression of thousands of genes in plants and animals. miRNAs function by guiding Argonaute proteins to complementary sites in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) targeted for repression. We determined crystal structures of human Argonaute-2 (Ago2) bound to a defined guide RNA with and without target RNAs representing miRNA recognition sites. These structures suggest a stepwise mechanism, in which Ago2 primarily exposes guide nucleotides (nt) 2 to 5 for initial target pairing. Pairing to nt 2 to 5 promotes conformational changes that expose nt 2 to 8 and 13 to 16 for further target recognition. Interactions with the guide-target minor groove allow Ago2 to interrogate target RNAs in a sequence-independent manner, whereas an adenosine binding-pocket opposite guide nt 1 further facilitates target recognition. Spurious slicing of miRNA targets is avoided through an inhibitory coordination of one catalytic magnesium ion. These results explain the conserved nucleotide-pairing patterns in animal miRNA target sites first observed over two decades ago.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313529/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313529/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schirle, Nicole T -- Sheu-Gruttadauria, Jessica -- MacRae, Ian J -- P41 GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):608-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1258040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. macrae@scripps.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argonaute Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Magnesium/chemistry ; MicroRNAs/*chemistry/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Guide/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: Calcium homeostasis balances passive calcium leak and active calcium uptake. Human Bax inhibitor-1 (hBI-1) is an antiapoptotic protein that mediates a calcium leak and is representative of a highly conserved and widely distributed family, the transmembrane Bax inhibitor motif (TMBIM) proteins. Here, we present crystal structures of a bacterial homolog and characterize its calcium leak activity. The structure has a seven-transmembrane-helix fold that features two triple-helix sandwiches wrapped around a central C-terminal helix. Structures obtained in closed and open conformations are reversibly interconvertible by change of pH. A hydrogen-bonded, pKa (where Ka is the acid dissociation constant)-perturbed pair of conserved aspartate residues explains the pH dependence of this transition, and biochemical studies show that pH regulates calcium influx in proteoliposomes. Homology models for hBI-1 provide insights into TMBIM-mediated calcium leak and cytoprotective activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Yanqi -- Bruni, Renato -- Kloss, Brian -- Assur, Zahra -- Kloppmann, Edda -- Rost, Burkhard -- Hendrickson, Wayne A -- Liu, Qun -- GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM107462/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM107462/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1131-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1252043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. ; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Fakultat fur Informatik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Garching, Germany. ; New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. qunliu@bnl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacillus subtilis/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Flaviviruses are emerging human pathogens and worldwide health threats. During infection, pathogenic subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) are produced by resisting degradation by the 5'--〉3' host cell exonuclease Xrn1 through an unknown RNA structure-based mechanism. Here, we present the crystal structure of a complete Xrn1-resistant flaviviral RNA, which contains interwoven pseudoknots within a compact structure that depends on highly conserved nucleotides. The RNA's three-dimensional topology creates a ringlike conformation, with the 5' end of the resistant structure passing through the ring from one side of the fold to the other. Disruption of this structure prevents formation of sfRNA during flaviviral infection. Thus, sfRNA formation results from an RNA fold that interacts directly with Xrn1, presenting the enzyme with a structure that confounds its helicase activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163914/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163914/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Erich G -- Costantino, David A -- Rabe, Jennifer L -- Moon, Stephanie L -- Wilusz, Jeffrey -- Nix, Jay C -- Kieft, Jeffrey S -- P30 CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI-065357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):307-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1250897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Exoribonucleases/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Long recognized as an evolutionarily ancient cell type involved in tissue homeostasis and immune defense against pathogens, macrophages are being rediscovered as regulators of several diseases, including cancer. Here we show that in mice, mammary tumor growth induces the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are phenotypically and functionally distinct from mammary tissue macrophages (MTMs). TAMs express the adhesion molecule Vcam1 and proliferate upon their differentiation from inflammatory monocytes, but do not exhibit an "alternatively activated" phenotype. TAM terminal differentiation depends on the transcriptional regulator of Notch signaling, RBPJ; and TAM, but not MTM, depletion restores tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cell responses and suppresses tumor growth. These findings reveal the ontogeny of TAMs and a discrete tumor-elicited inflammatory response, which may provide new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204732/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204732/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franklin, Ruth A -- Liao, Will -- Sarkar, Abira -- Kim, Myoungjoo V -- Bivona, Michael R -- Liu, Kang -- Pamer, Eric G -- Li, Ming O -- AI101251/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101251/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI039031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):921-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1252510. Epub 2014 May 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA. Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10022, USA. ; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA. lim@mskcc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*immunology/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells/immunology ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapron, Guillaume -- Lopez-Bao, Jose Vicente -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1199-200. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1199-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: The 18-kilodalton translocator protein TSPO is found in mitochondrial membranes and mediates the import of cholesterol and porphyrins into mitochondria. In line with the role of TSPO in mitochondrial function, TSPO ligands are used for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in animals and humans. We present the three-dimensional high-resolution structure of mammalian TSPO reconstituted in detergent micelles in complex with its high-affinity ligand PK11195. The TSPO-PK11195 structure is described by a tight bundle of five transmembrane alpha helices that form a hydrophobic pocket accepting PK11195. Ligand-induced stabilization of the structure of TSPO suggests a molecular mechanism for the stimulation of cholesterol transport into mitochondria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaremko, Lukasz -- Jaremko, Mariusz -- Giller, Karin -- Becker, Stefan -- Zweckstetter, Markus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1363-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1248725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Isoquinolines/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Micelles ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, GABA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Cellular membranes act as signaling platforms and control solute transport. Membrane receptors, transporters, and enzymes communicate with intracellular processes through protein-protein interactions. Using a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen that covers a test-space of 6.4 x 10(6) pairs, we identified 12,102 membrane/signaling protein interactions from Arabidopsis. Besides confirmation of expected interactions such as heterotrimeric G protein subunit interactions and aquaporin oligomerization, 〉99% of the interactions were previously unknown. Interactions were confirmed at a rate of 32% in orthogonal in planta split-green flourescent protein interaction assays, which was statistically indistinguishable from the confirmation rate for known interactions collected from literature (38%). Regulatory associations in membrane protein trafficking, turnover, and phosphorylation include regulation of potassium channel activity through abscisic acid signaling, transporter activity by a WNK kinase, and a brassinolide receptor kinase by trafficking-related proteins. These examples underscore the utility of the membrane/signaling protein interaction network for gene discovery and hypothesis generation in plants and other organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Alexander M -- Xuan, Yuanhu -- Xu, Meng -- Wang, Rui-Sheng -- Ho, Cheng-Hsun -- Lalonde, Sylvie -- You, Chang Hun -- Sardi, Maria I -- Parsa, Saman A -- Smith-Valle, Erika -- Su, Tianying -- Frazer, Keith A -- Pilot, Guillaume -- Pratelli, Rejane -- Grossmann, Guido -- Acharya, Biswa R -- Hu, Heng-Cheng -- Engineer, Cawas -- Villiers, Florent -- Ju, Chuanli -- Takeda, Kouji -- Su, Zhao -- Dong, Qunfeng -- Assmann, Sarah M -- Chen, Jin -- Kwak, June M -- Schroeder, Julian I -- Albert, Reka -- Rhee, Seung Y -- Frommer, Wolf B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):711-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1251358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, CA 94305, USA. Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic University and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, CA 94305, USA. Michigan State University-U.S. Department of Energy (MSU-DOE) Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea. ; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, CA 94305, USA. wfrommer@stanford.edu srhee@carnegiescience.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Interaction Maps ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mace, Georgina M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1558-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1254704.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. g.mace@ucl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machovina, Brian -- Feeley, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):838. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6173.838-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):834-7. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6173.834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Animals ; Computer Systems ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Software ; *Sound ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, Kathleen A -- Sanderson, Claire E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1199. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1199-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA and CARACAL, Centre for Conservation of African Resources: Animals, Communities, and Land Use, Kasane, Botswana.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: Neurotrophins regulate diverse aspects of neuronal development and plasticity, but their precise in vivo functions during neural circuit assembly in the central brain remain unclear. We show that the neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin-related kinase C (TrkC) is required for dendritic growth and branching of mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. Sparse TrkC knockout reduced dendrite complexity, but global Purkinje cell knockout had no effect. Removal of the TrkC ligand neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) from cerebellar granule cells, which provide major afferent input to developing Purkinje cell dendrites, rescued the dendrite defects caused by sparse TrkC disruption in Purkinje cells. Our data demonstrate that NT-3 from presynaptic neurons (granule cells) is required for TrkC-dependent competitive dendrite morphogenesis in postsynaptic neurons (Purkinje cells)--a previously unknown mechanism of neural circuit development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631524/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631524/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joo, William -- Hippenmeyer, Simon -- Luo, Liqun -- 5 F31 NS071697/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F31 NS071697/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050835/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS050835/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):626-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1258996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. lluo@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Net/cytology/*growth & development ; *Neurogenesis ; Neurotrophin 3/*metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Receptor, trkC/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- Lovelock, Catherine E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):266-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1252963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: Peptidoglycan (PG) is a polysaccharide matrix that protects bacteria from osmotic lysis. Inhibition of its biogenesis is a proven strategy for killing bacteria with antibiotics. The assembly of PG requires disaccharide-pentapeptide building blocks attached to a polyisoprene lipid carrier called lipid II. Although the stages of lipid II synthesis are known, the identity of the essential flippase that translocates it across the cytoplasmic membrane for PG polymerization is unclear. We developed an assay for lipid II flippase activity and used a chemical genetic strategy to rapidly and specifically block flippase function. We combined these approaches to demonstrate that MurJ is the lipid II flippase in Escherichia coli.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sham, Lok-To -- Butler, Emily K -- Lebar, Matthew D -- Kahne, Daniel -- Bernhardt, Thomas G -- Ruiz, Natividad -- F32 GM103056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32GM103056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI099144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100951/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI099144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01GM100951/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM76710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):220-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1254522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. thomas_bernhardt@hms.harvard.edu ruiz.82@osu.edu. ; Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. thomas_bernhardt@hms.harvard.edu ruiz.82@osu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*physiology ; Mesylates/pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Peptidoglycan/*biosynthesis/chemistry ; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: The capacity of human norovirus (NoV), which causes 〉90% of global epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis, to infect a subset of people persistently may contribute to its spread. How such enteric viruses establish persistent infections is not well understood. We found that antibiotics prevented persistent murine norovirus (MNoV) infection, an effect that was reversed by replenishment of the bacterial microbiota. Antibiotics did not prevent tissue infection or affect systemic viral replication but acted specifically in the intestine. The receptor for the antiviral cytokine interferon-lambda, Ifnlr1, as well as the transcription factors Stat1 and Irf3, were required for antibiotics to prevent viral persistence. Thus, the bacterial microbiome fosters enteric viral persistence in a manner counteracted by specific components of the innate immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldridge, Megan T -- Nice, Timothy J -- McCune, Broc T -- Yokoyama, Christine C -- Kambal, Amal -- Wheadon, Michael -- Diamond, Michael S -- Ivanova, Yulia -- Artyomov, Maxim -- Virgin, Herbert W -- 1F31CA177194/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5T32AI007163/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5T32CA009547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA177194/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084887/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007163/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI083019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI106772/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI109725/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):266-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1258025. Epub 2014 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. virgin@wustl.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Caliciviridae Infections/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology/*virology ; Cytokines/*physiology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology/*virology ; Intestines/*microbiology/virology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; *Microbiota/drug effects ; Norovirus/immunology/*physiology ; Receptors, Cytokine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Invasion of microbial DNA into the cytoplasm of animal cells triggers a cascade of host immune reactions that help clear the infection; however, self DNA in the cytoplasm can cause autoimmune diseases. Biochemical approaches led to the identification of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) as a cytosolic DNA sensor that triggers innate immune responses. Here, we show that cells from cGAS-deficient (cGas(-/-)) mice, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, failed to produce type I interferons and other cytokines in response to DNA transfection or DNA virus infection. cGas(-/-) mice were more susceptible to lethal infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) than wild-type mice. We also show that cGAMP is an adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific T cell activation and antibody production in mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xiao-Dong -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Gao, Daxing -- Wang, Hua -- Sun, Lijun -- Chen, Zhijian J -- 5T32AI070116/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1390-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244040. Epub 2013 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23989956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; DNA, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics ; Interferon-beta/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transfection
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: The essential bacterial protein FtsZ is a guanosine triphosphatase that self-assembles into a structure at the division site termed the "Z ring". During cytokinesis, the Z ring exerts a constrictive force on the membrane by using the chemical energy of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis. However, the structural basis of this constriction remains unresolved. Here, we present the crystal structure of a guanosine diphosphate-bound Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ protofilament, which exhibits a curved conformational state. The structure reveals a longitudinal interface that is important for function. The protofilament curvature highlights a hydrolysis-dependent conformational switch at the T3 loop that leads to longitudinal bending between subunits, which could generate sufficient force to drive cytokinesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ying -- Hsin, Jen -- Zhao, Lingyun -- Cheng, Yiwen -- Shang, Weina -- Huang, Kerwyn Casey -- Wang, Hong-Wei -- Ye, Sheng -- 1F32GM100677-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD006466/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM100677/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):392-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1239248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P.R. China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Cytokinesis ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Guanosine Diphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*chemistry/physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2013-11-10
    Description: Environmental and hormonal signals cause reorganization of microtubule arrays in higher plants, but the mechanisms driving these transitions have remained elusive. The organization of these arrays is required to direct morphogenesis. We discovered that microtubule severing by the protein katanin plays a crucial and unexpected role in the reorientation of cortical arrays, as triggered by blue light. Imaging and genetic experiments revealed that phototropin photoreceptors stimulate katanin-mediated severing specifically at microtubule intersections, leading to the generation of new microtubules at these locations. We show how this activity serves as the basis for a mechanism that amplifies microtubules orthogonal to the initial array, thereby driving array reorientation. Our observations show how severing is used constructively to build a new microtubule array.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindeboom, Jelmer J -- Nakamura, Masayoshi -- Hibbel, Anneke -- Shundyak, Kostya -- Gutierrez, Ryan -- Ketelaar, Tijs -- Emons, Anne Mie C -- Mulder, Bela M -- Kirik, Viktor -- Ehrhardt, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1245533. doi: 10.1126/science.1245533. Epub 2013 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypocotyl/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Light ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Phototropism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exist in Earth's atmosphere, most of which originate from biogenic emissions. Despite VOCs' critical role in tropospheric chemistry, studies for evaluating their atmosphere-ecosystem exchange (emission and deposition) have been limited to a few dominant compounds owing to a lack of appropriate measurement techniques. Using a high-mass resolution proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer and an absolute value eddy-covariance method, we directly measured 186 organic ions with net deposition, and 494 that have bidirectional flux. This observation of active atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of the vast majority of detected VOCs poses a challenge to current emission, air quality, and global climate models, which do not account for this extremely large range of compounds. This observation also provides new insight for understanding the atmospheric VOC budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, J-H -- Goldstein, A H -- Timkovsky, J -- Fares, S -- Weber, R -- Karlik, J -- Holzinger, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):643-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1235053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Mass Spectrometry ; Ozone/analysis/chemistry ; Plants/chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/*chemistry
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  • 74
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aspinall, Richard -- Gregory, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):421. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.421-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedaste, Margus -- de Jong, Ton -- Sarapuu, Tago -- Piksoot, Jaanika -- van Joolingen, Wouter R -- Giemza, Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1537-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1229908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Tartu, 50103 Tartu, Estonia. margus.pedaste@ut.ee〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology/*education ; *Ecosystem ; Estonia ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Problem-Based Learning/*methods ; Research Design ; *Software
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, A T -- Bustamante, M M C -- Nardoto, G B -- Mitre, S K -- Perez, T -- Ometto, J P H B -- Ascarrunz, N L -- Forti, M C -- Longo, K -- Gavito, M E -- Enrich-Prast, A -- Martinelli, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):149. doi: 10.1126/science.1231679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Latin America ; Nitrogen ; *Nitrogen Cycle ; Politics ; Public Health ; Public Policy
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: The future impacts of anthropogenic global change on marine ecosystems are highly uncertain, but insights can be gained from past intervals of high atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure. The long-term geological record reveals an early Cenozoic warm climate that supported smaller polar ecosystems, few coral-algal reefs, expanded shallow-water platforms, longer food chains with less energy for top predators, and a less oxygenated ocean than today. The closest analogs for our likely future are climate transients, 10,000 to 200,000 years in duration, that occurred during the long early Cenozoic interval of elevated warmth. Although the future ocean will begin to resemble the past greenhouse world, it will retain elements of the present "icehouse" world long into the future. Changing temperatures and ocean acidification, together with rising sea level and shifts in ocean productivity, will keep marine ecosystems in a state of continuous change for 100,000 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, R D -- Turner, S Kirtland -- Hull, P M -- Ridgwell, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):492-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. rnorris@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change/history ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, Ancient ; *Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Tidal Waves ; Vertebrates
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: RNA chaperones are ubiquitous, heterogeneous proteins essential for RNA structural biogenesis and function. We investigated the mechanism of chaperone-mediated RNA folding by following the time-resolved dimerization of the packaging domain of a retroviral RNA at nucleotide resolution. In the absence of the nucleocapsid (NC) chaperone, dimerization proceeded through multiple, slow-folding intermediates. In the presence of NC, dimerization occurred rapidly through a single structural intermediate. The RNA binding domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein, a structurally unrelated chaperone, also accelerated dimerization. Both chaperones interacted primarily with guanosine residues. Replacing guanosine with more weakly pairing inosine yielded an RNA that folded rapidly without a facilitating chaperone. These results show that RNA chaperones can simplify RNA folding landscapes by weakening intramolecular interactions involving guanosine and explain many RNA chaperone activities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338410/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338410/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grohman, Jacob K -- Gorelick, Robert J -- Lickwar, Colin R -- Lieb, Jason D -- Bower, Brian D -- Znosko, Brent M -- Weeks, Kevin M -- GM031819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM064803/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM072518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM031819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064803/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007092/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):190-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230715. Epub 2013 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Dimerization ; Guanosine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/chemistry/metabolism ; Inosine/chemistry/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 79
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung, Inez -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1075-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1242004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA. ifung@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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  • 80
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Obst, Carl -- Edens, Bram -- Hein, Lars -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):420. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6157.420-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Decision Support Techniques ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Economic
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  • 81
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: In many mammalian tissues, mature differentiated cells are replaced by self-renewing stem cells, either continuously during homeostasis or in response to challenge and injury. For example, hematopoietic stem cells generate all mature blood cells, including monocytes, which have long been thought to be the major source of tissue macrophages. Recently, however, major macrophage populations were found to be derived from embryonic progenitors and to renew independently of hematopoietic stem cells. This process may not require progenitors, as mature macrophages can proliferate in response to specific stimuli indefinitely and without transformation or loss of functional differentiation. These findings suggest that macrophages are mature differentiated cells that may have a self-renewal potential similar to that of stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieweke, Michael H -- Allen, Judith E -- MR/J001929/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/K01207X1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):1242974. doi: 10.1126/science.1242974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Universite, UM2, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Macrophages/*cytology ; Mice ; Monocytes/cytology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Mitochondrial morphology is crucial for tissue homeostasis, but its role in cell differentiation is unclear. We found that mitochondrial fusion was required for proper cardiomyocyte development. Ablation of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1 and 2 in the embryonic mouse heart, or gene-trapping of Mitofusin 2 or Optic atrophy 1 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), arrested mouse heart development and impaired differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes. Gene expression profiling revealed decreased levels of transcription factors transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein, serum response factor, GATA4, and myocyte enhancer factor 2, linked to increased Ca(2+)-dependent calcineurin activity and Notch1 signaling that impaired ESC differentiation. Orchestration of cardiomyocyte differentiation by mitochondrial morphology reveals how mitochondria, Ca(2+), and calcineurin interact to regulate Notch1 signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasahara, Atsuko -- Cipolat, Sara -- Chen, Yun -- Dorn, Gerald W 2nd -- Scorrano, Luca -- GPP10005/Telethon/Italy -- R01 HL059888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL59888/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 8;342(6159):734-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1241359. Epub 2013 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcineurin/*metabolism ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heart/embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/genetics/*physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/ultrastructure ; Receptor, Notch1/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) regulates a wide spectrum of human physiology through the 5-HT receptor family. We report the crystal structures of the human 5-HT1B G protein-coupled receptor bound to the agonist antimigraine medications ergotamine and dihydroergotamine. The structures reveal similar binding modes for these ligands, which occupy the orthosteric pocket and an extended binding pocket close to the extracellular loops. The orthosteric pocket is formed by residues conserved in the 5-HT receptor family, clarifying the family-wide agonist activity of 5-HT. Compared with the structure of the 5-HT2B receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor displays a 3 angstrom outward shift at the extracellular end of helix V, resulting in a more open extended pocket that explains subtype selectivity. Together with docking and mutagenesis studies, these structures provide a comprehensive structural basis for understanding receptor-ligand interactions and designing subtype-selective serotonergic drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Chong -- Jiang, Yi -- Ma, Jinming -- Wu, Huixian -- Wacker, Daniel -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Han, Gye Won -- Liu, Wei -- Huang, Xi-Ping -- Vardy, Eyal -- McCorvy, John D -- Gao, Xiang -- Zhou, X Edward -- Melcher, Karsten -- Zhang, Chenghai -- Bai, Fang -- Yang, Huaiyu -- Yang, Linlin -- Jiang, Hualiang -- Roth, Bryan L -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Xu, H Eric -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA027170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA27170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061887/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH61887/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH082441/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 MH82441/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):610-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1232807. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydroergotamine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ergotamine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Norfenfluramine/chemistry/metabolism ; Pindolol/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Propranolol/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptamines/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chown, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):141. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6116.141-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: A paper by Wearn et al. (Reports, 13 July 2012, p. 228) yields new insights on extinction debt. However, it leaves out the area dependence of the relaxation process. We show that this is not warranted on theoretical or observational grounds and that it may lead to erroneous conservation recommendations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halley, John M -- Iwasa, Yoh -- Vokou, Despoina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):271. doi: 10.1126/science.1231438.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. jhalley@cc.uoi.gr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Trees ; *Vertebrates
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Engineering wireframe architectures and scaffolds of increasing complexity is one of the important challenges in nanotechnology. We present a design strategy to create gridiron-like DNA structures. A series of four-arm junctions are used as vertices within a network of double-helical DNA fragments. Deliberate distortion of the junctions from their most relaxed conformations ensures that a scaffold strand can traverse through individual vertices in multiple directions. DNA gridirons were assembled, ranging from two-dimensional arrays with reconfigurability to multilayer and three-dimensional structures and curved objects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Dongran -- Pal, Suchetan -- Yang, Yang -- Jiang, Shuoxing -- Nangreave, Jeanette -- Liu, Yan -- Yan, Hao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1412-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1232252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. dongran.han@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; *Nanostructures ; Nanotechnology/methods ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The 2013 outbreak of avian-origin H7N9 influenza in eastern China has raised concerns about its ability to transmit in the human population. The hemagglutinin glycoprotein of most human H7N9 viruses carries Leu(226), a residue linked to adaptation of H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic viruses to human receptors. However, glycan array analysis of the H7 hemagglutinin reveals negligible binding to humanlike alpha2-6-linked receptors and strong preference for a subset of avian-like alpha2-3-linked glycans recognized by all avian H7 viruses. Crystal structures of H7N9 hemagglutinin and six hemagglutinin-glycan complexes have elucidated the structural basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. These findings suggest that the current human H7N9 viruses are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Rui -- de Vries, Robert P -- Zhu, Xueyong -- Nycholat, Corwin M -- McBride, Ryan -- Yu, Wenli -- Paulson, James C -- Wilson, Ian A -- GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI099275/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1230-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1243761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Ligands ; Microarray Analysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belgrano, Andrea -- Fowler, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1245490.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Turistgatan 5, SE-453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Repulsive guidance molecule family members (RGMs) control fundamental and diverse cellular processes, including motility and adhesion, immune cell regulation, and systemic iron metabolism. However, it is not known how RGMs initiate signaling through their common cell-surface receptor, neogenin (NEO1). Here, we present crystal structures of the NEO1 RGM-binding region and its complex with human RGMB (also called dragon). The RGMB structure reveals a previously unknown protein fold and a functionally important autocatalytic cleavage mechanism and provides a framework to explain numerous disease-linked mutations in RGMs. In the complex, two RGMB ectodomains conformationally stabilize the juxtamembrane regions of two NEO1 receptors in a pH-dependent manner. We demonstrate that all RGM-NEO1 complexes share this architecture, which therefore represents the core of multiple signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730555/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730555/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, Christian H -- Healey, Eleanor -- van Erp, Susan -- Bishop, Benjamin -- Tang, Chenxiang -- Gilbert, Robert J C -- Aricescu, A Radu -- Pasterkamp, R Jeroen -- Siebold, Christian -- 082301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- A14414/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1232322. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. christian@strubi.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/*chemistry/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6163.1166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Colubridae/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Guam ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Mice ; Pest Control ; Population Density
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Cellular growth signals stimulate anabolic processes. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a protein kinase that senses growth signals to regulate anabolic growth and proliferation. Activation of mTORC1 led to the acute stimulation of metabolic flux through the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. mTORC1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which directly phosphorylates S1859 on CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase), the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Growth signaling through mTORC1 thus stimulates the production of new nucleotides to accommodate an increase in RNA and DNA synthesis needed for ribosome biogenesis and anabolic growth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ben-Sahra, Issam -- Howell, Jessica J -- Asara, John M -- Manning, Brendan D -- F32 DK095508/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32-DK095508/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122617/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA122617/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1323-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1228792. Epub 2013 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3-L1 Cells ; Animals ; Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase/*metabolism ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)/*metabolism ; Dihydroorotase/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Pyrimidines/*biosynthesis ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 recognize single-stranded RNA and initiate innate immune responses. Several synthetic agonists of TLR7-TLR8 display novel therapeutic potential; however, the molecular basis for ligand recognition and activation of signaling by TLR7 or TLR8 is largely unknown. In this study, the crystal structures of unliganded and ligand-induced activated human TLR8 dimers were elucidated. Ligand recognition was mediated by a dimerization interface formed by two protomers. Upon ligand stimulation, the TLR8 dimer was reorganized such that the two C termini were brought into proximity. The loop between leucine-rich repeat 14 (LRR14) and LRR15 was cleaved; however, the N- and C-terminal halves remained associated and contributed to ligand recognition and dimerization. Thus, ligand binding induces reorganization of the TLR8 dimer, which enables downstream signaling processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanji, Hiromi -- Ohto, Umeharu -- Shibata, Takuma -- Miyake, Kensuke -- Shimizu, Toshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1426-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1229159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Imidazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinolines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 8/*agonists/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):636-7. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6120.636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Extraction and Processing Industry/economics ; Gulf of Mexico ; Organizations, Nonprofit/economics ; Petroleum ; *Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects/analysis/economics ; Research ; *Research Support as Topic
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: During the past 50 years, the human population has more than doubled and global agricultural production has similarly risen. However, the productive arable area has increased by just 10%; thus the increased use of pesticides has been a consequence of the demands of human population growth, and its impact has reached global significance. Although we often know a pesticide's mode of action in the target species, we still largely do not understand the full impact of unintended side effects on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities, and ecosystems. In these times of regional and global species declines, we are challenged with the task of causally linking knowledge about the molecular actions of pesticides to their possible interference with biological processes, in order to develop reliable predictions about the consequences of pesticide use, and misuse, in a rapidly changing world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohler, Heinz-R -- Triebskorn, Rita -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):759-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1237591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. heinz-r.koehler@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Aquatic Organisms ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ecotoxicology/methods/trends ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; Population Dynamics ; Research
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Mass extinctions manifest in Earth's geologic record were turning points in biotic evolution. We present (40)Ar/(39)Ar data that establish synchrony between the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and associated mass extinctions with the Chicxulub bolide impact to within 32,000 years. Perturbation of the atmospheric carbon cycle at the boundary likely lasted less than 5000 years, exhibiting a recovery time scale two to three orders of magnitude shorter than that of the major ocean basins. Low-diversity mammalian fauna in the western Williston Basin persisted for as little as 20,000 years after the impact. The Chicxulub impact likely triggered a state shift of ecosystems already under near-critical stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renne, Paul R -- Deino, Alan L -- Hilgen, Frederik J -- Kuiper, Klaudia F -- Mark, Darren F -- Mitchell, William S 3rd -- Morgan, Leah E -- Mundil, Roland -- Smit, Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):684-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. prenne@bgc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argon ; Chronology as Topic ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments ; Mammals ; Mexico ; *Minor Planets ; Radioisotopes ; Radiometric Dating
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Host cell factor-1 (HCF-1), a transcriptional co-regulator of human cell-cycle progression, undergoes proteolytic maturation in which any of six repeated sequences is cleaved by the nutrient-responsive glycosyltransferase, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT). We report that the tetratricopeptide-repeat domain of O-GlcNAc transferase binds the carboxyl-terminal portion of an HCF-1 proteolytic repeat such that the cleavage region lies in the glycosyltransferase active site above uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc. The conformation is similar to that of a glycosylation-competent peptide substrate. Cleavage occurs between cysteine and glutamate residues and results in a pyroglutamate product. Conversion of the cleavage site glutamate into serine converts an HCF-1 proteolytic repeat into a glycosylation substrate. Thus, protein glycosylation and HCF-1 cleavage occur in the same active site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930058/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930058/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazarus, Michael B -- Jiang, Jiaoyang -- Kapuria, Vaibhav -- Bhuiyan, Tanja -- Janetzko, John -- Zandberg, Wesley F -- Vocadlo, David J -- Herr, Winship -- Walker, Suzanne -- R01 GM094263/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM094263/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1235-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1243990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycosylation ; Host Cell Factor C1/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteolysis ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/chemistry/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: The quiescent center (QC) plays an essential role during root development by creating a microenvironment that preserves the stem cell fate of its surrounding cells. Despite being surrounded by highly mitotic active cells, QC cells self-renew at a low proliferation rate. Here, we identified the ERF115 transcription factor as a rate-limiting factor of QC cell division, acting as a transcriptional activator of the phytosulfokine PSK5 peptide hormone. ERF115 marks QC cell division but is restrained through proteolysis by the APC/C(CCS52A2) ubiquitin ligase, whereas QC proliferation is driven by brassinosteroid-dependent ERF115 expression. Together, these two antagonistic mechanisms delimit ERF115 activity, which is called upon when surrounding stem cells are damaged, revealing a cell cycle regulatory mechanism accounting for stem cell niche longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heyman, Jefri -- Cools, Toon -- Vandenbussche, Filip -- Heyndrickx, Ken S -- Van Leene, Jelle -- Vercauteren, Ilse -- Vanderauwera, Sandy -- Vandepoele, Klaas -- De Jaeger, Geert -- Van Der Straeten, Dominique -- De Veylder, Lieven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):860-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1240667. Epub 2013 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/*growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle/genetics/physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Division/genetics/*physiology ; Mitosis/genetics/physiology ; Peptide Hormones/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Roots/*cytology/*growth & development ; Proteolysis ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Scaffold-assisted signaling cascades guide cellular decision-making. In budding yeast, one such signal transduction pathway called the mitotic exit network (MEN) governs the transition from mitosis to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The MEN is conserved and in metazoans is known as the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway. We found that signaling through the MEN kinase cascade was mediated by an unusual two-step process. The MEN kinase Cdc15 first phosphorylated the scaffold Nud1. This created a phospho-docking site on Nud1, to which the effector kinase complex Dbf2-Mob1 bound through a phosphoserine-threonine binding domain, in order to be activated by Cdc15. This mechanism of pathway activation has implications for signal transmission through other kinase cascades and might represent a general principle in scaffold-assisted signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884217/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884217/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rock, Jeremy M -- Lim, Daniel -- Stach, Lasse -- Ogrodowicz, Roksana W -- Keck, Jamie M -- Jones, Michele H -- Wong, Catherine C L -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Winey, Mark -- Smerdon, Stephen J -- Yaffe, Michael B -- Amon, Angelika -- CA112967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES015339/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM086038/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM056800/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM51312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117584228/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103533/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES015339/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056800/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R29 GM056800/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U117584228/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 CA112967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):871-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1235822. Epub 2013 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; tRNA Methyltransferases/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Foreign particles and cells are cleared from the body by phagocytes that must also recognize and avoid clearance of "self" cells. The membrane protein CD47 is reportedly a "marker of self" in mice that impedes phagocytosis of self by signaling through the phagocyte receptor CD172a. Minimal "Self" peptides were computationally designed from human CD47 and then synthesized and attached to virus-size particles for intravenous injection into mice that express a CD172a variant compatible with hCD47. Self peptides delay macrophage-mediated clearance of nanoparticles, which promotes persistent circulation that enhances dye and drug delivery to tumors. Self-peptide affinity for CD172a is near the optimum measured for human CD172a variants, and Self peptide also potently inhibits nanoparticle uptake mediated by the contractile cytoskeleton. The reductionist approach reveals the importance of human Self peptides and their utility in enhancing drug delivery and imaging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3966479/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3966479/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez, Pia L -- Harada, Takamasa -- Christian, David A -- Pantano, Diego A -- Tsai, Richard K -- Discher, Dennis E -- 8UL1TR000003/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK032094/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30-DK090969/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB007049/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-EB007049/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL062352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):971-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1229568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biophysics and NanoBioPolymers Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, CD47/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Autoantigens ; Blood Circulation ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Drug Delivery Systems/*methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; *Nanoparticles/administration & dosage/analysis ; Neoplasms/chemistry/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Paclitaxel/administration & dosage ; Particle Size ; Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Phagocytes/immunology/metabolism ; *Phagocytosis ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Shallow groundwater affects terrestrial ecosystems by sustaining river base-flow and root-zone soil water in the absence of rain, but little is known about the global patterns of water table depth and where it provides vital support for land ecosystems. We present global observations of water table depth compiled from government archives and literature, and fill in data gaps and infer patterns and processes using a groundwater model forced by modern climate, terrain, and sea level. Patterns in water table depth explain patterns in wetlands at the global scale and vegetation gradients at regional and local scales. Overall, shallow groundwater influences 22 to 32% of global land area, including ~15% as groundwater-fed surface water features and 7 to 17% with the water table or its capillary fringe within plant rooting depths.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, Y -- Li, H -- Miguez-Macho, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):940-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1229881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. yingfan@rci.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; *Groundwater ; Models, Theoretical ; Plants ; Rain ; Rivers ; Wetlands
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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