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  • 1
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    Annealing effect on donor-acceptor interface and its impact on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices based on PSiF-DBT copolymer and C60 (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-01
    Description: In this work, poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) was used as active layer in bilayer solar cell with C 60 as electron acceptor. As cast devices already show reasonable power conversion efficiency (PCE) that increases to 4% upon annealing at 100 °C. Space charge limited measurements of the hole mobility ( μ ) in PSiF-DBT give μ  ∼ 1.0 × 10 −4 cm 2 /(V s) which does not depend on the temperature of the annealing treatment. Moreover, positron annihilation spectroscopy experiments revealed that PSiF-DBT films are well stacked even without the thermal treatment. The variations in the transport of holes upon annealing are then small. As a consequence, the PCE rise was mainly induced by the increase of the polymer surface roughness that leads to a more effective interface for exciton dissociation at the PSiF-DBT/fullerene heterojunction.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Seipin is necessary for normal brain development and spermatogenesis in addition to adipogenesis (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: Seipin, encoded by BSCL2 gene, is a protein whose physiological functions remain unclear. Mutations of BSCL2 cause the most-severe form of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). BSCL2 mRNA is highly expressed in the brain and testis in addition to the adipose tissue in human, suggesting physiological roles of seipin in non-adipose tissues. Since we found BSCL2 mRNA expression pattern among organs in rat is similar to human while it is not highly expressed in mouse brain, we generated a Bscl2 /seipin knockout (SKO) rat using the method with ENU ( N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea) mutagenesis. SKO rats showed total lack of white adipose tissues including mechanical fat such as bone marrow and retro-orbital fats, while physiologically functional brown adipose tissue was preserved. Besides the lipodystrophic phenotypes, SKO rats showed impairment of spatial working memory with brain weight reduction and infertility with azoospermia. We confirmed reduction of brain volume and number of sperm in human patients with BSCL2 mutation. This is the first report demonstrating that seipin is necessary for normal brain development and spermatogenesis in addition to white adipose tissue development.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Do survey experiments capture real-world behavior? [Social Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Description: Survey experiments, like vignette and conjoint analyses, are widely used in the social sciences to elicit stated preferences and study how humans make multidimensional choices. However, there is a paucity of research on the external validity of these methods that examines whether the determinants that explain hypothetical choices made by...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Video imaging of walking myosin V by high-speed atomic force microscopy (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: The dynamic behaviour of myosin V molecules translocating along actin filaments has been mainly studied by optical microscopy. The processive hand-over-hand movement coupled with hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate was thereby demonstrated. However, the protein molecules themselves are invisible in the observations and have therefore been visualized by electron microscopy in the stationary states. The concomitant assessment of structure and dynamics has been unfeasible, a situation prevailing throughout biological research. Here we directly visualize myosin V molecules walking along actin tracks, using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The high-resolution movies not only provide corroborative 'visual evidence' for previously speculated or demonstrated molecular behaviours, including lever-arm swing, but also reveal more detailed behaviours of the molecules, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the motor mechanism. Our direct and dynamic high-resolution visualization is a powerful new approach to studying the structure and dynamics of biomolecules in action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kodera, Noriyuki -- Yamamoto, Daisuke -- Ishikawa, Ryoki -- Ando, Toshio -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):72-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09450. Epub 2010 Oct 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Biotinylation ; Chickens ; Immobilized Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Atomic Force/*methods ; *Movement ; Myosin Type V/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Unfolding ; Time Factors ; *Video Recording
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Changes in temperature preferences and energy homeostasis in dystroglycan mutants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Temperature affects the physiology, behavior, and evolution of organisms. We conducted mutagenesis and screens for mutants with altered temperature preference in Drosophila melanogaster and identified a cryophilic (cold-seeking) mutant, named atsugari (atu). Reduced expression of the Drosophila ortholog of dystroglycan (DmDG) induced tolerance to cold as well as preference for the low temperature. A sustained increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism caused by the reduced expression of DmDG accounted for the cryophilic phenotype of the atu mutant. Although most ectothermic animals do not use metabolically produced heat to regulate body temperature, our results indicate that their thermoregulatory behavior is closely linked to rates of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that a mutation in a single gene can induce a sustained change in energy homeostasis and the thermal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeuchi, Ken-Ichi -- Nakano, Yoshiro -- Kato, Utako -- Kaneda, Mizuho -- Aizu, Masako -- Awano, Wakae -- Yonemura, Shigenobu -- Kiyonaka, Shigeki -- Mori, Yasuo -- Yamamoto, Daisuke -- Umeda, Masato -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1740-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1165712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Dystroglycans/genetics/*physiology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phenotype ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/metabolism ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Btk29A promotes Wnt4 signaling in the niche to terminate germ cell proliferation in Drosophila (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Btk29A is the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), mutations of which in humans cause a heritable immunodeficiency disease. Btk29A mutations stabilized the proliferating cystoblast fate, leading to an ovarian tumor. This phenotype was rescued by overexpression of wild-type Btk29A and phenocopied by the interference of Wnt4-beta-catenin signaling or its putative downstream nuclear protein Piwi in somatic escort cells. Btk29A and mammalian Btk directly phosphorylated tyrosine residues of beta-catenin, leading to the up-regulation of its transcriptional activity. Thus, we identify a transcriptional switch involving the kinase Btk29A/Btk and its phosphorylation target, beta-catenin, which functions downstream of Wnt4 in escort cells to terminate Drosophila germ cell proliferation through up-regulation of piwi expression. This signaling mechanism likely represents a versatile developmental switch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamada-Kawaguchi, Noriko -- Nore, Beston F -- Kuwada, Yusuke -- Smith, C I Edvard -- Yamamoto, Daisuke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):294-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1244512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Cell Proliferation ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genomic Instability ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Genuine binding energy of the hydrated electron (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-29
    Description: The unknown influence of inelastic and elastic scattering of slow electrons in water has made it difficult to clarify the role of the solvated electron in radiation chemistry and biology. We combine accurate scattering simulations with experimental photoemission spectroscopy of the hydrated electron in a liquid water microjet, with the aim of resolving ambiguities regarding the influence of electron scattering on binding energy spectra, photoelectron angular distributions, and probing depths. The scattering parameters used in the simulations are retrieved from independent photoemission experiments of water droplets. For the ground-state hydrated electron, we report genuine values devoid of scattering contributions for the vertical binding energy and the anisotropy parameter of 3.7 ± 0.1 eV and 0.6 ± 0.2, respectively. Our probing depths suggest that even vacuum ultraviolet probing is not particularly surface-selective. Our work demonstrates the importance of quantitative scattering simulations for a detailed analysis of key properties of the hydrated electron.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Printed, Flexible Lactate Sensors: Design Considerations Before Performing On-Body Measurements (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Multipoint reweighting method and its applications to lattice QCD (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Author(s): R. Iwami, S. Ejiri, K. Kanaya, Y. Nakagawa, D. Yamamoto, and T. Umeda (WHOT-QCD Collaboration) The reweighting method is widely used in numerical studies of QCD, in particular, for the cases in which the conventional Monte Carlo method cannot be applied directly, e.g., finite density QCD. However, the application range of the reweighing method is restricted due to several problems. One of the… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 094507] Published Fri Nov 06, 2015
    Keywords: Lattice Methods
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Influence of seawater mixing and curing on strength characteristics and porosity of ground granulated blast-furnace slag concrete (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-08
    Description: Generally, in the concrete industry, several billion tons of fresh water are annually used for mixing water, curing water and cleaning water. Nevertheless, the utilization of seawater in the concrete industry is prohibited, because it increases the risk of corrosion of steel bars in concrete. This study presents strength characteristics and porosity of seawater mixed concrete and tap water mixed concrete incorporating Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) with water-binder ratio (W/B) of 40%, 50% and 60%. The influence of seawater mixing, GGBS and curing conditions such as tap water curing (TC), seawater curing (SC) and air curing (AC) on the strength and porosity of concrete were evaluated. Based on investigation result, it was shown that there is no significant influence of seawater mixing in improving strength of GGBS concrete up to 365 days in TC and SC. Effectiveness of seawater-mixing on strength enhancement of GGBS concrete is larger in air curing than in water curi...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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