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  • 1
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    Cell wall constrains PM protein diffusion [Plant Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: A cell membrane can be considered a liquid-phase plane in which lipids and proteins theoretically are free to diffuse. Numerous reports, however, describe retarded diffusion of membrane proteins in animal cells. This anomalous diffusion results from a combination of structuring factors including protein–protein interactions, cytoskeleton corralling, and lipid organization into microdomains. In plant cells, plasma-membrane (PM) proteins have been described as relatively immobile, but the control mechanisms that structure the PM have not been studied. Here, we use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to estimate mobility of a set of minimal PM proteins. These proteins consist only of a PM-anchoring domain fused to a fluorescent protein, but their mobilities remained limited, as is the case for many full-length proteins. Neither the cytoskeleton nor membrane microdomain structure was involved in constraining the diffusion of these proteins. The cell wall, however, was shown to have a crucial role in immobilizing PM proteins. In addition, by single-molecule fluorescence imaging we confirmed that the pattern of cellulose deposition in the cell wall affects the trajectory and speed of PM protein diffusion. Regulation of PM protein dynamics by the plant cell wall can be interpreted as a mechanism for regulating protein interactions in processes such as trafficking and signal transduction.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-28
    Description: Dynamically polarized membrane proteins define different cell boundaries and have an important role in intercellular communication-a vital feature of multicellular development. Efflux carriers for the signalling molecule auxin from the PIN family are landmarks of cell polarity in plants and have a crucial involvement in auxin distribution-dependent development including embryo patterning, organogenesis and tropisms. Polar PIN localization determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow, yet the mechanisms generating PIN polarity remain unclear. Here we identify an endocytosis-dependent mechanism of PIN polarity generation and analyse its developmental implications. Real-time PIN tracking showed that after synthesis, PINs are initially delivered to the plasma membrane in a non-polar manner and their polarity is established by subsequent endocytic recycling. Interference with PIN endocytosis either by auxin or by manipulation of the Arabidopsis Rab5 GTPase pathway prevents PIN polarization. Failure of PIN polarization transiently alters asymmetric auxin distribution during embryogenesis and increases the local auxin response in apical embryo regions. This results in ectopic expression of auxin pathway-associated root-forming master regulators in embryonic leaves and promotes homeotic transformation of leaves to roots. Our results indicate a two-step mechanism for the generation of PIN polar localization and the essential role of endocytosis in this process. It also highlights the link between endocytosis-dependent polarity of individual cells and auxin distribution-dependent cell fate establishment for multicellular patterning.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2692841/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2692841/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dhonukshe, Pankaj -- Tanaka, Hirokazu -- Goh, Tatsuaki -- Ebine, Kazuo -- Mahonen, Ari Pekka -- Prasad, Kalika -- Blilou, Ikram -- Geldner, Niko -- Xu, Jian -- Uemura, Tomohiro -- Chory, Joanne -- Ueda, Takashi -- Nakano, Akihiko -- Scheres, Ben -- Friml, Jiri -- R01 GM052413/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM052413-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):962-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07409. Epub 2008 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands. P.B.Dhonukshe@uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18953331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*cytology/embryology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; *Cell Lineage ; *Cell Polarity ; Embryonic Development ; *Endocytosis ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/embryology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/embryology/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Seeds/cytology/embryology/enzymology/metabolism ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Plant biology: in their neighbour's shadow (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friml, Jiri -- Sauer, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):298-9. doi: 10.1038/453298a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethylenes/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Plant Development ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sunlight
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Subcellular homeostasis of phytohormone auxin is mediated by the ER-localized PIN5 transporter (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-10
    Description: The plant signalling molecule auxin provides positional information in a variety of developmental processes by means of its differential distribution (gradients) within plant tissues. Thus, cellular auxin levels often determine the developmental output of auxin signalling. Conceptually, transmembrane transport and metabolic processes regulate the steady-state levels of auxin in any given cell. In particular, PIN auxin-efflux-carrier-mediated, directional transport between cells is crucial for generating auxin gradients. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PIN5, an atypical member of the PIN gene family, encodes a functional auxin transporter that is required for auxin-mediated development. PIN5 does not have a direct role in cell-to-cell transport but regulates intracellular auxin homeostasis and metabolism. PIN5 localizes, unlike other characterized plasma membrane PIN proteins, to endoplasmic reticulum (ER), presumably mediating auxin flow from the cytosol to the lumen of the ER. The ER localization of other PIN5-like transporters (including the moss PIN) indicates that the diversification of PIN protein functions in mediating auxin homeostasis at the ER, and cell-to-cell auxin transport at the plasma membrane, represent an ancient event during the evolution of land plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mravec, Jozef -- Skupa, Petr -- Bailly, Aurelien -- Hoyerova, Klara -- Krecek, Pavel -- Bielach, Agnieszka -- Petrasek, Jan -- Zhang, Jing -- Gaykova, Vassilena -- Stierhof, York-Dieter -- Dobrev, Petre I -- Schwarzerova, Katerina -- Rolcik, Jakub -- Seifertova, Daniela -- Luschnig, Christian -- Benkova, Eva -- Zazimalova, Eva -- Geisler, Markus -- Friml, Jiri -- P 19585/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1136-40. doi: 10.1038/nature08066. Epub 2009 Jun 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/classification/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Homeostasis/*physiology ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    A regulated auxin minimum is required for seed dispersal in Arabidopsis (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Local hormone maxima are essential for the development of multicellular structures and organs. For example, steroid hormones accumulate in specific cell types of the animal fetus to induce sexual differentiation and concentration peaks of the plant hormone auxin direct organ initiation and mediate tissue patterning. Here we provide an example of a regulated local hormone minimum required during organogenesis. Our results demonstrate that formation of a local auxin minimum is necessary for specification of the valve margin separation layer where Arabidopsis fruit opening takes place. Consequently, ectopic production of auxin, specifically in valve margin cells, leads to a complete loss of proper cell fate determination. The valve margin identity factor INDEHISCENT (IND) is responsible for forming the auxin minimum by coordinating auxin efflux in separation-layer cells. We propose that the simplicity of formation and maintenance make local hormone minima particularly well suited to specify a small number of cells such as the stripes at the valve margins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sorefan, Karim -- Girin, Thomas -- Liljegren, Sarah J -- Ljung, Karin -- Robles, Pedro -- Galvan-Ampudia, Carlos S -- Offringa, Remko -- Friml, Jiri -- Yanofsky, Martin F -- Ostergaard, Lars -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):583-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07875.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Fruit/anatomy & histology/growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Seeds/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Polar PIN localization directs auxin flow in plants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: Polar flow of the phytohormone auxin requires plasma membrane-associated PIN proteins and underlies multiple developmental processes in plants. Here we address the importance of the polarity of subcellular PIN localization for the directionality of auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of different PINs in the root epidermis revealed the importance of PIN polar positions for directional auxin flow and root gravitropic growth. Interfering with sequence-embedded polarity signals directly demonstrates that PIN polarity is a primary factor in determining the direction of auxin flow in meristematic tissues. This finding provides a crucial piece in the puzzle of how auxin flow can be redirected via rapid changes in PIN polarity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wisniewska, Justyna -- Xu, Jian -- Seifertova, Daniela -- Brewer, Philip B -- Ruzicka, Kamil -- Blilou, Ikram -- Rouquie, David -- Benkova, Eva -- Scheres, Ben -- Friml, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):883. Epub 2006 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tubingen University, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Polarity ; Gravitropism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Receptor-like kinase ACR4 restricts formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: During the development of multicellular organisms, organogenesis and pattern formation depend on formative divisions to specify and maintain pools of stem cells. In higher plants, these activities are essential to shape the final root architecture because the functioning of root apical meristems and the de novo formation of lateral roots entirely rely on it. We used transcript profiling on sorted pericycle cells undergoing lateral root initiation to identify the receptor-like kinase ACR4 of Arabidopsis as a key factor both in promoting formative cell divisions in the pericycle and in constraining the number of these divisions once organogenesis has been started. In the root tip meristem, ACR4 shows a similar action by controlling cell proliferation activity in the columella cell lineage. Thus, ACR4 function reveals a common mechanism of formative cell division control in the main root tip meristem and during lateral root initiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Smet, Ive -- Vassileva, Valya -- De Rybel, Bert -- Levesque, Mitchell P -- Grunewald, Wim -- Van Damme, Daniel -- Van Noorden, Giel -- Naudts, Mirande -- Van Isterdael, Gert -- De Clercq, Rebecca -- Wang, Jean Y -- Meuli, Nicholas -- Vanneste, Steffen -- Friml, Jiri -- Hilson, Pierre -- Jurgens, Gerd -- Ingram, Gwyneth C -- Inze, Dirk -- Benfey, Philip N -- Beeckman, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):594-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1160158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*cytology/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Meristem/*cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Mutation ; Plant Roots/*cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    A PINOID-dependent binary switch in apical-basal PIN polar targeting directs auxin efflux (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: Polar transport-dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-to-apical shift in PIN localization, resulting in the loss of auxin gradients and strong defects in embryo and seedling roots. Conversely, pid loss of function induces an apical-to-basal shift in PIN1 polar targeting at the inflorescence apex, accompanied by defective organogenesis. Our results show that a PINOID-dependent binary switch controls PIN polarity and mediates changes in auxin flow to create local gradients for patterning processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friml, Jiri -- Yang, Xiong -- Michniewicz, Marta -- Weijers, Dolf -- Quint, Ab -- Tietz, Olaf -- Benjamins, Rene -- Ouwerkerk, Pieter B F -- Ljung, Karin -- Sandberg, Goran -- Hooykaas, Paul J J -- Palme, Klaus -- Offringa, Remko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Meristem/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Seeds/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    PIN proteins perform a rate-limiting function in cellular auxin efflux (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: Intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin underpins multiple developmental processes in plants. Plant-specific pin-formed (PIN) proteins and several phosphoglycoprotein (PGP) transporters are crucial factors in auxin transport-related development, yet the molecular function of PINs remains unknown. Here, we show that PINs mediate auxin efflux from mammalian and yeast cells without needing additional plant-specific factors. Conditional gain-of-function alleles and quantitative measurements of auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis and tobacco cultured cells revealed that the action of PINs in auxin efflux is distinct from PGP, rate-limiting, specific to auxins, and sensitive to auxin transport inhibitors. This suggests a direct involvement of PINs in catalyzing cellular auxin efflux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petrasek, Jan -- Mravec, Jozef -- Bouchard, Rodolphe -- Blakeslee, Joshua J -- Abas, Melinda -- Seifertova, Daniela -- Wisniewska, Justyna -- Tadele, Zerihun -- Kubes, Martin -- Covanova, Milada -- Dhonukshe, Pankaj -- Skupa, Petr -- Benkova, Eva -- Perry, Lucie -- Krecek, Pavel -- Lee, Ok Ran -- Fink, Gerald R -- Geisler, Markus -- Murphy, Angus S -- Luschnig, Christian -- Zazimalova, Eva -- Friml, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):914-8. Epub 2006 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Experimental Botany, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Gravitropism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids/metabolism ; Phthalimides/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Tobacco ; Transfection ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Inhibition of cell expansion by rapid ABP1-mediated auxin effect on microtubules (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-20
    Description: The prominent and evolutionarily ancient role of the plant hormone auxin is the regulation of cell expansion. Cell expansion requires ordered arrangement of the cytoskeleton but molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation by signalling molecules including auxin are unknown. Here we show in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that in elongating cells exogenous application of auxin or redistribution of endogenous auxin induces very rapid microtubule re-orientation from transverse to longitudinal, coherent with the inhibition of cell expansion. This fast auxin effect requires auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) and involves a contribution of downstream signalling components such as ROP6 GTPase, ROP-interactive protein RIC1 and the microtubule-severing protein katanin. These components are required for rapid auxin- and ABP1-mediated re-orientation of microtubules to regulate cell elongation in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls as well as asymmetric growth during gravitropic responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257754/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257754/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Xu -- Grandont, Laurie -- Li, Hongjiang -- Hauschild, Robert -- Paque, Sebastien -- Abuzeineh, Anas -- Rakusova, Hana -- Benkova, Eva -- Perrot-Rechenmann, Catherine -- Friml, Jiri -- 282300/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):90-3. doi: 10.1038/nature13889. Epub 2014 Nov 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria [2] Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium [3] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium. ; Institut des Sciences du Vegetal, UPR2355 CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences LabEx, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France. ; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria. ; 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Hypocotyl/cytology/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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