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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1995-1999  (8,861)
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  • 101
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    A cytotoxic ribonuclease targeting specific transfer RNA anticodons (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: The carboxyl-terminal domain of colicin E5 was shown to inhibit protein synthesis of Escherichia coli. Its target, as revealed through in vivo and in vitro experiments, was not ribosomes as in the case of E3, but the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp, which contain a modified base, queuine, at the wobble position of each anticodon. The E5 carboxyl-terminal domain hydrolyzed these tRNAs just on the 3' side of this nucleotide. Tight correlation was observed between the toxicity of E5 and the cleavage of intracellular tRNAs of this group, implying that these tRNAs are the primary targets of colicin E5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, T -- Tomita, K -- Ueda, T -- Watanabe, K -- Uozumi, T -- Masaki, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colicins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asn/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, His/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ribosomes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    India creates novel brain research center (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):25, 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics ; *Brain ; Humans ; India ; International Cooperation ; *Research
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    Solar cycle variability, ozone, and climate (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Results from a global climate model including an interactive parameterization of stratospheric chemistry show how upper stratospheric ozone changes may amplify observed, 11-year solar cycle irradiance changes to affect climate. In the model, circulation changes initially induced in the stratosphere subsequently penetrate into the troposphere, demonstrating the importance of the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere. The model reproduces many observed 11-year oscillations, including the relatively long record of geopotential height variations; hence, it implies that these oscillations are likely driven, at least in part, by solar variability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindell -- Rind -- Balachandran -- Lean -- Lonergan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA. E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    The magnetic excitation spectrum and thermodynamics of high-Tc superconductors (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Inelastic neutron scattering was used to study the wave vector- and frequency-dependent magnetic fluctuations in single crystals of superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x. The spectra contain several important features, including a gap in the superconducting state, a pseudogap in the normal state, and the much-discussed resonance peak. The appearance of the pseudogap determined from transport and nuclear resonance coincides with formation of the resonance in the magnetic excitations. The exchange energy associated with the resonance has the temperature and doping dependences as well as the magnitude to describe approximately the electronic specific heat near the superconducting transition temperature (Tc).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dai -- Mook -- Hayden -- Aeppli -- Perring -- Hunt -- Dogan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1344-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6393, USA. H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK. NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Rutherford Appl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: Marine reserves have been proposed as a remedy for overfishing and declining marine biodiversity, but concern that reserves would inherently reduce yields has impeded their implementation. It was found that management of fisheries through reserves and management through effort control produce identical yields under a reasonable set of simplifying assumptions corresponding to a broad range of biological conditions. Indeed, for populations with sedentary adults (invertebrates and reef fishes), reserves have important advantages for sustainability, making marine reserves the preferred management approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hastings -- Botsford -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1537-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 106
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    Supertetrahedral sulfide crystals with giant cavities and channels (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: Although aluminosilicates and metal phosphates can form porous open-framework materials such as zeolites, sulfide analogs usually form high-density phases because of the relatively small tetrahedral angle at sulfur atoms. One strategy to overcome this limitation is to use tetrahedral clusters as the building blocks to achieve porous sulfide-based networks. The preparation and crystal structures of two indium sulfide open frameworks (ASU-31 and ASU-32) built of supertetrahedral clusters around organic template and water guests are described. ASU-31, based on the sodalite-tetrahedrite network, contains cavities 25.6 angstroms in diameter, and ASU-32, based on the tetragonal CrB4 network, contains channels with a minimum diameter of 14.7 angstroms. The organic cations can be completely exchanged with sodium ions in aqueous solution at room temperature without degradation of the crystals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li -- Laine -- O'Keeffe -- Yaghi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Supramolecular Design and Discovery Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 107
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    Giant wormlike rubber micelles (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: A low molecular weight poly(ethyleneoxide)-poly(butadiene) (PEO-PB) diblock copolymer containing 50 weight percent PEO forms gigantic wormlike micelles at low concentrations (〈5 percent by weight) in water. Subsequent generation of free radicals with a conventional water-based redox reaction leads to chemical cross-linking of the PB cores without disruption of the cylindrical morphology, as evidenced by cryotransmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering experiments. These wormlike rubber micelles exhibit unusual viscoelastic properties in water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Won -- Davis -- Bates -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):960-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 108
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    The Galilean satellites (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter and improved Earth-based observing capabilities have allowed major advances in our understanding of Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto over the past few years. Particularly exciting findings include the evidence for internal liquid water oceans in Callisto and Europa, detection of a strong intrinsic magnetic field within Ganymede, discovery of high-temperature silicate volcanism on Io, discovery of tenuous oxygen atmospheres at Europa and Ganymede and a tenuous carbon dioxide atmosphere at Callisto, and detection of condensed oxygen on Ganymede. Modeling of landforms seen at resolutions up to 100 times as high as those of Voyager supports the suggestion that tidal heating has played an important role for Io and Europa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Showman, A P -- Malhotra, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):77-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 215 Sackett Hall, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Magnetics ; *Oxygen ; Surface Properties ; Temperature ; *Water
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  • 109
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    Paracellular channels! (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, V -- Goodenough, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Claudins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Ion Transport ; Kidney Diseases/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Tight Junctions/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 110
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    Prevention of graft versus host disease by inactivation of host antigen-presenting cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-20
    Description: Graft versus host disease, an alloimmune attack on host tissues mounted by donor T cells, is the most important toxicity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The mechanism by which allogeneic T cells are initially stimulated is unknown. In a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model it was found that, despite the presence of numerous donor antigen-presenting cells, only host-derived antigen-presenting cells initiated graft versus host disease. Thus, strategies for preventing graft versus host disease could be developed that are based on inactivating host antigen-presenting cells. Such strategies could expand the safety and application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treatment of common genetic and neoplastic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shlomchik, W D -- Couzens, M S -- Tang, C B -- McNiff, J -- Robert, M E -- Liu, J -- Shlomchik, M J -- Emerson, S G -- P50HL-54516/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10411505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; Transplantation Chimera
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    Chinese center sues over study coverage (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dan, Z -- Lei, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):1990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/genetics ; *Blood Specimen Collection ; China ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Disclosure ; *Genetic Research ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Life Style ; *Longevity/genetics ; Mass Media/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Imprinted genes display parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression that apparently regulates complex mammalian traits, including growth and behavior. The Peg3 gene is expressed in embryos and the adult brain from the paternal allele only. A mutation in the Peg3 gene resulted in growth retardation, as well as a striking impairment of maternal behavior that frequently resulted in death of the offspring. This result may be partly due to defective neuronal connectivity, as well as reduced oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, because mutant mothers were deficient in milk ejection. This study provides further insights on the evolution of epigenetic regulation of imprinted gene dosage in modulating mammalian growth and behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Keverne, E B -- Aparicio, S A -- Ishino, F -- Barton, S C -- Surani, M A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):330-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, and Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; *Growth ; Hypothalamus/cytology/metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Lactation ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxytocin/metabolism ; Phenotype ; *Protein Kinases ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription Factors ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 113
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    A processive single-headed motor: kinesin superfamily protein KIF1A (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: A single kinesin molecule can move "processively" along a microtubule for more than 1 micrometer before detaching from it. The prevailing explanation for this processive movement is the "walking model," which envisions that each of two motor domains (heads) of the kinesin molecule binds coordinately to the microtubule. This implies that each kinesin molecule must have two heads to "walk" and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. Here, a motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin superfamily protein, was shown to move processively along the microtubule for more than 1 micrometer. The movement along the microtubules was stochastic and fitted a biased Brownian-movement model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Y -- Hirokawa, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1152-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Diffusion ; Drosophila ; Kinesin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Stochastic Processes ; Thermodynamics
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  • 114
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    Chaperonin function: folding by forced unfolding (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The ability of the GroEL chaperonin to unfold a protein trapped in a misfolded condition was detected and studied by hydrogen exchange. The GroEL-induced unfolding of its substrate protein is only partial, requires the complete chaperonin system, and is accomplished within the 13 seconds required for a single system turnover. The binding of nucleoside triphosphate provides the energy for a single unfolding event; multiple turnovers require adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. The substrate protein is released on each turnover even if it has not yet refolded to the native state. These results suggest that GroEL helps partly folded but blocked proteins to fold by causing them first to partially unfold. The structure of GroEL seems well suited to generate the nonspecific mechanical stretching force required for forceful protein unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shtilerman, M -- Lorimer, G H -- Englander, S W -- GM31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Hydrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 115
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    The human genus (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: A general problem in biology is how to incorporate information about evolutionary history and adaptation into taxonomy. The problem is exemplified in attempts to define our own genus, Homo. Here conventional criteria for allocating fossil species to Homo are reviewed and are found to be either inappropriate or inoperable. We present a revised definition, based on verifiable criteria, for Homo and conclude that two species, Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, do not belong in the genus. The earliest taxon to satisfy the criteria is Homo ergaster, or early African Homo erectus, which currently appears in the fossil record at about 1.9 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, B -- Collard, M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):65-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. bwood@gwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Phylogeny ; Terminology as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Animal research. 50 monkeys taken from Indian lab (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Government Regulation ; India ; *Macaca mulatta
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    A role for DNA-PK in retroviral DNA integration (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Retroviral DNA integration is catalyzed by the viral protein integrase. Here, it is shown that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a host cell protein, also participates in the reaction. DNA-PK-deficient murine scid cells infected with three different retroviruses showed a substantial reduction in retroviral DNA integration and died by apoptosis. Scid cell killing was not observed after infection with an integrase-defective virus, suggesting that abortive integration is the trigger for death in these DNA repair-deficient cells. These results suggest that the initial events in retroviral integration are detected as DNA damage by the host cell and that completion of the integration process requires the DNA-PK-mediated repair pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniel, R -- Katz, R A -- Skalka, A M -- AI40721/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI40835/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA71515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):644-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV-1/genetics ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; *Virus Integration ; Virus Replication
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    Solar wind outflow and the chromospheric magnetic network (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Observations of outflow velocities in coronal holes (regions of open coronal magnetic field) have recently been obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Velocity maps of Ne7+ from its bright resonance line at 770 angstroms, formed at the base of the corona, show a relationship between outflow velocity and chromospheric magnetic network structure, suggesting that the solar wind is rooted at its base to this structure, emanating from localized regions along boundaries and boundary intersections of magnetic network cells. This apparent relation to the chromospheric magnetic network and the relatively large outflow velocity signatures will improve understanding of the complex structure and dynamics at the base of the corona and the source region of the solar wind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hassler -- Dammasch -- Lemaire -- Brekke -- Curdt -- Mason -- Vial -- Wilhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Unite Mixte CNRS- Universite Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France. Ins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    CD3- and CD28-dependent induction of PDE7 required for T cell activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Costimulation of both the CD3 and CD28 receptors is essential for T cell activation. Induction of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase-7 (PDE7) was found to be a consequence of such costimulation. Increased PDE7 in T cells correlated with decreased cAMP, increased interleukin-2 expression, and increased proliferation. Selectively reducing PDE7 expression with a PDE7 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited T cell proliferation; inhibition was reversed by blocking the cAMP signaling pathways that operate through cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Thus, PDE7 induction and consequent suppression of PKA activity is required for T cell activation, and inhibition of PDE7 could be an approach to treating T cell-dependent disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Yee, C -- Beavo, J A -- DK21723/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Box 357280, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Antibodies ; Antigens, CD28/immunology/*physiology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7 ; Enzyme Induction ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Isoenzymes/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes/*enzymology/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Detection of nonthermal melting by ultrafast X-ray diffraction (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: Using ultrafast, time-resolved, 1.54 angstrom x-ray diffraction, thermal and ultrafast nonthermal melting of germanium, involving passage through nonequilibrium extreme states of matter, was observed. Such ultrafast, optical-pump, x-ray diffraction probe measurements provide a way to study many other transient processes in physics, chemistry, and biology, including direct observation of the atomic motion by which many solid-state processes and chemical and biochemical reactions take place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siders, C W -- Cavalleri, A -- Sokolowski-Tinten, K -- Toth, C -- Guo, T -- Kammler, M -- Horn von Hoegen, M -- Wilson, K R -- von der Linde, D -- Barty, C P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0339, USA. csiders@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/methods ; Crystallization ; Germanium/*chemistry ; Lasers ; Temperature ; *X-Ray Diffraction
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    Animal welfare. New Indian rules disrupt research (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):180-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Government Regulation ; India ; *Research
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    Stevenson's fingers (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daniel, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bronchiectasis/history ; Depressive Disorder/*history/pathology ; *Famous Persons ; Fingers/*pathology ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Literature, Modern/*history ; Male ; Medicine in Art ; Paintings ; Tuberculosis/*history/pathology
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    Self-organization of microtubule asters induced in Xenopus egg extracts by GTP-bound Ran (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: The nucleotide exchange activity of RCC1, the only known nucleotide exchange factor for Ran, a Ras-like small guanosine triphosphatase, was required for microtubule aster formation with or without demembranated sperm in Xenopus egg extracts arrested in meiosis II. Consistently, in the RCC1-depleted egg extracts, Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP), but not Ran guanosine diphosphate (RanGDP), induced self-organization of microtubule asters, and the process required the activity of dynein. Thus, Ran was shown to regulate formation of the microtubule network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohba, T -- Nakamura, M -- Nishitani, H -- Nishimoto, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1356-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dyneins/metabolism ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Male ; Microtubules/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Ovum ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sperm Head/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Xenopus ; *Xenopus Proteins ; ran GTP-Binding Protein
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    Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, M M -- Barratt, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/etiology ; Developmental Disabilities/etiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*adverse effects ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Registries ; Risk Factors
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    Hanbury brown and twiss-type experiment with electrons (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Fermion anti-bunching was directly observed by measuring the cross-covariance of the current fluctuations of partitioned electrons. A quantum point contact was used to inject single-mode electrons into a mesoscopic electron beam splitter device. The beam splitter output currents showed negative cross-covariance, indicating that the electrons arrived individually at the beam splitter and were randomly partitioned into two output channels. As the relative time delay between the outputs was changed, the observed ringing in the cross-covariance was consistent with the bandwidths used to monitor the fluctuations. The result demonstrates a fermion complement to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment for photons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver -- Kim -- Liu -- Yamamoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) Quantum Fluctuation Project, Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato-Wa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    AP-2 recruitment to synaptotagmin stimulated by tyrosine-based endocytic motifs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by the recruitment of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 to the plasma membrane where the membrane protein synaptotagmin is thought to act as a docking site. AP-2 also interacts with endocytic motifs present in other cargo proteins. Peptides with a tyrosine-based endocytic motif stimulated binding of AP-2 to synaptotagmin and enhanced AP-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which nucleation of clathrin-coated pits is stimulated by the loading of cargo proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haucke, V -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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    Bioprospecting. Model Indian deal generates payments (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1614-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Economics, Pharmaceutical ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; India ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Plant Extracts/*economics ; *Plants, Medicinal
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    Chimp cultural diversity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):836.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Culture ; *Genetic Variation ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics
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    An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
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    Behaviorists listen in as animals call and croak (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Anura/*physiology ; Female ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Male
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    Evidence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base of the mantle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: A sharp discontinuity at the base of Earth's mantle has been suggested from seismic waveform studies; the observed travel time and amplitude variations have been interpreted as changes in the depth of a spatially intermittent discontinuity. Most of the observed variations in travel times and the spatial intermittance of the seismic triplication can be reproduced by a ubiquitous first-order discontinuity superimposed on global seismic velocity structure derived from tomography. The observations can be modeled by a solid-solid phase transition that has a 200-kilometer elevation above the core-mantle boundary under adiabatic temperatures and a Clapeyron slope of about 6 megapascal per kelvin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidorin I -- Gurnis -- Helmberger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seismological Laboratory 252-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Positive selection of natural autoreactive B cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: Lymphocyte development is critically influenced by self-antigens. T cells are subject to both positive and negative selection, depending on their degree of self-reactivity. Although B cells are subject to negative selection, it has been difficult to test whether self-antigen plays any positive role in B cell development. A murine model system of naturally generated autoreactive B cells with a germ line gene-encoded specificity for the Thy-1 (CD90) glycoprotein was developed, in which the presence of self-antigen promotes B cell accumulation and serum autoantibody secretion. Thus, B cells can be subject to positive selection, generated, and maintained on the basis of their autoreactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayakawa, K -- Asano, M -- Shinton, S A -- Gui, M -- Allman, D -- Stewart, C L -- Silver, J -- Hardy, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. K_Hayakawa@fccc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Antigens, Thy-1/*immunology ; Autoantibodies/*biosynthesis/blood/immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IkappaB kinase 2 gene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) proteins is an important step in the activation of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and requires two IkappaB kinases, IKK1 (IKKalpha) and IKK2 (IKKbeta). Mice that are devoid of the IKK2 gene had extensive liver damage from apoptosis and died as embryos, but these mice could be rescued by the inactivation of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells that were isolated from IKK2-/- embryos showed a marked reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity and an enhanced apoptosis in response to TNF-alpha. IKK1 associated with NF-kappaB essential modulator (IKKgamma/IKKAP1), another component of the IKK complex. These results show that IKK2 is essential for mouse development and cannot be substituted with IKK1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Q -- Van Antwerp, D -- Mercurio, F -- Lee, K F -- Verma, I M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):321-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Signal Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Gene Targeting ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Liver/cytology/*embryology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    India prepares research, policy initiatives (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethics ; *Biotechnology/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genetics, Medical/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genome, Plant ; Humans ; India ; *Molecular Biology/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 135
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    High frequency of cryptic deleterious mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-11
    Description: Deleterious mutations with very small phenotypic effects could be important for several evolutionary phenomena, but the extent of their contribution has been unknown. Fitness effects of induced mutations in lines of Caenorhabditis elegans were measured using a system for which the number of deleterious point mutations in the DNA can be estimated. In fitness assays, only about 4 percent of the deleterious mutations fixed in each line were detectable. The remaining 96 percent, though cryptic, are significant for mutation load and, potentially, for the evolution of sex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davies, E K -- Peters, A D -- Keightley, P D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1748-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; *Genes, Helminth ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; *Point Mutation ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 136
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    Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-12
    Description: A central question in immunology is the origin of long-lived T cell memory that confers protection against recurrent infection. The differentiation of naive T cell receptor transgenic CD8+ cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and memory CD8+ cells was studied. Memory CD8+ cells that were generated after strong antigenic stimulation were the progeny of cytotoxic effectors and retained antigen-specific cytolytic activity 10 weeks after adoptive transfer to antigen-free recipient mice. Thus, potential vaccines based on CTL memory will require the differentiation of naive cells into post-effector memory T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opferman, J T -- Ober, B T -- Ashton-Rickardt, P G -- 5T32 AI07090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1745-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, Committee on Developmental Biology, The University of Chicago, Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; H-Y Antigen/immunology ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Perforin ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology/*immunology
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    Electrochemical defect-mediated thin-film growth (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: An electrodeposition technique is described that produces atomically flat epitaxial metal overlayers of quality similar to that obtained by ultrahigh vacuum techniques at elevated temperature. In this approach, a metal of interest such as silver is co-deposited with a reversibly deposited mediator metal. The mediator is periodically deposited and stripped from the surface, and this serves to significantly increase the density of two-dimensional islands of silver atoms, promoting a layer-by-layer thin-film growth mode. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy was used to demonstrate the growth process for the heteroepitaxial system silver/gold (111) with either lead or copper as the mediator.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieradzki -- Brankovic -- Dimitrov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Calcium and EMFs: graphing the data (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liburdy, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*blood ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; Lymphocytes/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Publishing ; *Radiation ; Scientific Misconduct
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    Neuroscience. A machine with a fly's-eye view (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diptera/*physiology ; Flight, Animal ; Microcomputers ; *Models, Biological ; *Motion Perception ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; *Robotics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 140
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    Silver-tongued Neandertals? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lieberman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):175.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone/*anatomy & histology ; *Speech ; Tongue/*anatomy & histology
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  • 141
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    Tropospheric Aerosol Climate Forcing in Clear-Sky Satellite Observations over the Oceans (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Tropospheric aerosols affect the radiative forcing of Earth's climate, but their variable concentrations complicate an understanding of their global influence. Model-based estimates of aerosol distributions helped reveal spatial patterns indicative of the presence of tropospheric aerosols in the satellite-observed clear-sky solar radiation budget over the world's oceans. The results show that, although geographical signatures due to both natural and anthropogenic aerosols are manifest in the satellite observations, the naturally occurring sea-salt is the leading aerosol contributor to the global-mean clear-sky radiation balance over oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haywood -- Ramaswamy V -- Soden -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1299-1303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Meteorological Research Flight, United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Farnborough, Hants GU14 0LX, UK. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 142
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    Propagation of a magnetic domain wall in a submicrometer magnetic wire (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: The motion of a magnetic domain wall in a submicrometer magnetic wire was detected by use of the giant magnetoresistance effect. Magnetization reversal in a submicrometer magnetic wire takes place by the propagation of a magnetic domain wall, which can be treated as a "particle." The propagation velocity of the magnetic domain wall was determined as a function of the applied magnetic field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono -- Miyajima -- Shigeto -- Mibu -- Hosoito -- Shinjo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 143
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    Aging and the genome (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayflick, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Longevity/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breast implant safety (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, D L -- Garry, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Implants/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Silicone Gels/*adverse effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: Interferons (IFNs) are the most important cytokines in antiviral immune responses. "Natural IFN-producing cells" (IPCs) in human blood express CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class II proteins, but have not been isolated and further characterized because of their rarity, rapid apoptosis, and lack of lineage markers. Purified IPCs are here shown to be the CD4(+)CD11c- type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2s), which produce 200 to 1000 times more IFN than other blood cells after microbial challenge. pDC2s are thus an effector cell type of the immune system, critical for antiviral and antitumor immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegal, F P -- Kadowaki, N -- Shodell, M -- Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P A -- Shah, K -- Ho, S -- Antonenko, S -- Liu, Y J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Saint Vincents Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CD40 Ligand ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Interferon Type I/*biosynthesis ; Interferon-alpha/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis/genetics ; Interleukin-3/pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/immunology ; Stem Cells/cytology/immunology
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    Coordinated regulation of iron-controlling genes, H-ferritin and IRP2, by c-MYC (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-29
    Description: The protein encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor that can both activate and repress the expression of target genes, but few of its transcriptional targets have been identified. Here, c-MYC is shown to repress the expression of the heavy subunit of the protein ferritin (H-ferritin), which sequesters intracellular iron, and to stimulate the expression of the iron regulatory protein-2 (IRP2), which increases the intracellular iron pool. Down-regulation of the expression of H-ferritin gene was required for cell transformation by c-MYC. These results indicate that c-MYC coordinately regulates genes controlling intracellular iron concentrations and that this function is essential for the control of cell proliferation and transformation by c-MYC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, K J -- Polack, A -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA-37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):676-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. an.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Down-Regulation ; Ferritins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, myc ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2 ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*physiology ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Animal rights (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Rights ; Animal Testing Alternatives ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Public Opinion ; *Research
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  • 148
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    Adsorbed layers and the origin of static friction (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: Analytic results and experiments in ultrahigh vacuum indicate that the static friction between two clean crystalline surfaces should almost always vanish, yet macroscopic objects always exhibit static friction. A simple and general explanation for the prevalence of static friction is proposed. "Third bodies," such as small hydrocarbon molecules, adsorb on any surface exposed to air and can arrange to lock two contacting surfaces together. The resulting static friction is consistent with experimental behavior, including Amontons' laws.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He -- Muser -- Robbins -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1650-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Tuberculosis vaccines (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lietman, T -- Blower, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1300-1; author reply 1301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*therapeutic use ; BCG Vaccine/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Tuberculosis/*drug therapy/*prevention & control
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Controlling molecular self-organization: formation of nanometer-scale spheres and tubules (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: Amphiphilic polyhedron-shaped p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene building blocks, which have been previously shown to assemble into bilayers in an antiparallel fashion, have been assembled in a parallel alignment into spherical and helical tubular structures by the addition of pyridine N-oxide and lanthanide ions. Crystallographic studies revealed how metal ion coordination and substrate recognition direct the formation of these supramolecular assemblies. The addition of greater amounts of pyridine N-oxide changed the curvature of the assembling surface and resulted in the formation of extended tubules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orr -- Barbour -- Atwood -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1049-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cell surgery (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Dystrophin/biosynthesis ; Female ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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  • 152
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    Antiangiogenic activity of the cleaved conformation of the serpin antithrombin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: Antithrombin, a member of the serpin family, functions as an inhibitor of thrombin and other enzymes. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal loop of antithrombin induces a conformational change in the molecule. Here it is shown that the cleaved conformation of antithrombin has potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in mouse models. The latent form of intact antithrombin, which is similar in conformation to the cleaved molecule, also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. These data provide further evidence that the clotting and fibrinolytic pathways are directly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Reilly, M S -- Pirie-Shepherd, S -- Lane, W S -- Folkman, J -- P01-CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA64481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Cellular Biology, Harvard Microchemistry Facility, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. oreilly@hub.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Antithrombins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood supply/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NIH scientist to head IVI institute in Korea (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; Developing Countries ; History, 20th Century ; *Immunization Programs ; Korea ; United Nations ; United States ; *Vaccines ; World Health Organization
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  • 154
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    Mechanisms of climate warming at the end of the paleocene (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: An abrupt episode of global warming marked the end of the Paleocene epoch. Oxygen and carbon isotope records from two widely separated sites support the notion that degassing of biogenic methane hydrate may have been an important factor in altering Earth's climate. The data show evidence for multiple injections of methane, separated by intervals in which the carbon cycle was in stasis. Correlations between the two sites suggest that even these small-scale events were global in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bains -- Corfield -- Norris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):724-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 155
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    Possible ancient oceans on Mars: evidence from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: High-resolution altimetric data define the detailed topography of the northern lowlands of Mars, and a range of data is consistent with the hypothesis that a lowland-encircling geologic contact represents the ancient shoreline of a large standing body of water present in middle Mars history. The contact altitude is close to an equipotential line, the topography is smoother at all scales below the contact than above it, the volume enclosed by this contact is within the range of estimates of available water on Mars, and a series of extensive terraces parallel the contact in many places.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Head, J W 3rd -- Hiesinger, H -- Ivanov, M A -- Kreslavsky, M A -- Pratt, S -- Thomson, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evolution, Planetary ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Mars ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water
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    Energetic Iron(VI) chemistry: the super-iron battery (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: Higher capacity batteries based on an unusual stabilized iron(VI) chemistry are presented. The storage capacities of alkaline and metal hydride batteries are largely cathode limited, and both use a potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The new batteries are compatible with the alkaline and metal hydride battery anodes but have higher cathode capacity and are based on available, benign materials. Iron(VI/III) cathodes can use low-solubility K(2)FeO(4) and BaFeO(4) salts with respective capacities of 406 and 313 milliampere-hours per gram. Super-iron batteries have a 50 percent energy advantage compared to conventional alkaline batteries. A cell with an iron(VI) cathode and a metal hydride anode is significantly (75 percent) rechargeable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Licht -- Wang -- Ghosh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1039-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 157
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    Inhibition of Crystallite Growth in the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-28
    Description: Crystal growth upon firing of hydrous transition metal oxide gels can be effectively inhibited by replacing the surface hydroxyl group before firing with another functional group that does not condense and that can produce small, secondary-phase particles that restrict advancing of grain boundaries at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, fully crystallized SnO(2), TiO(2), and ZrO(2) materials with mean crystallite sizes of approximately 20, 50, and 15 angstroms, respectively, were synthesized by replacing the hydroxyl group with methyl siloxyl before firing at 500 degrees C. An ultrasensitive SnO(2)-based chemical sensor resulting from the microstructural miniaturization was demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu -- Wang -- Rusakova -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1375-1377.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China. Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5932, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Function is structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2077-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. anders.liljas@mbfys.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Codon ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    Perspectives: cell cycle. The difficulty in separating sisters (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orr-Weaver, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):344-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. weaver@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anaphase ; Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromatids/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; *Endopeptidases ; Fungal Proteins ; Humans ; Ligases/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Neoplasm Proteins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; Prophase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Securin ; Separase ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Yeasts/cytology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 160
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    Scientists strike back against creationism (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Curriculum ; Kansas ; New Mexico ; Religion and Science ; Science/*education
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  • 161
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    Report casts doubt Korean experiment (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):617, 619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethics ; Cell Division ; *Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Ethical Review ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Public Policy
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  • 162
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    Hunting behavior of a marine mammal beneath the antarctic fast Ice (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: The hunting behavior of a marine mammal was studied beneath the Antarctic fast ice with an animal-borne video system and data recorder. Weddell seals stalked large Antarctic cod and the smaller subice fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki, often with the under-ice surface for backlighting, which implies that vision is important for hunting. They approached to within centimeters of cod without startling the fish. Seals flushed P. borchgrevinki by blowing air into subice crevices or pursued them into the platelet ice. These observations highlight the broad range of insights that are possible with simultaneous recordings of video, audio, three-dimensional dive paths, and locomotor effort.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis -- Fuiman -- Williams -- Collier -- Hagey -- Kanatous -- Kohin -- Horning -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):993-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77553, USA. Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA. Department of Biology, EMS-A316, Universi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Complex grabbing (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Genetic Techniques ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sequence Analysis/*methods
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    A new look at the martian landscape (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1441-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; *Water
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  • 165
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    DOAS measurements of tropospheric bromine oxide in mid-latitudes (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Description: Episodes of elevated bromine oxide (BrO) concentration are known to occur at high latitudes in the Arctic boundary layer and to lead to catalytic destruction of ozone at those latitudes; these events have not been observed at lower latitudes. With the use of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), locally high BrO concentrations were observed at mid-latitudes at the Dead Sea, Israel, during spring 1997. Mixing ratios peaked daily at around 80 parts per trillion around noon and were correlated with low boundary-layer ozone mixing ratios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hebestreit -- Stutz -- Rosen -- Matveiv V -- Peleg -- Luria -- Platt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):55-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉K. Hebestreit, J. Stutz, U. Platt, Institut fur Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. D. Rosen, V. Matveiv, M. Peleg, M. Luria, Environmental Science, School of Applie.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 166
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    Plant diversity and productivity experiments in european grasslands (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: At eight European field sites, the impact of loss of plant diversity on primary productivity was simulated by synthesizing grassland communities with different numbers of plant species. Results differed in detail at each location, but there was an overall log-linear reduction of average aboveground biomass with loss of species. For a given number of species, communities with fewer functional groups were less productive. These diversity effects occurred along with differences associated with species composition and geographic location. Niche complementarity and positive species interactions appear to play a role in generating diversity-productivity relationships within sites in addition to sampling from the species pool.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hector -- Schmid -- Beierkuhnlein -- Caldeira -- Diemer -- Dimitrakopoulos -- Finn -- Freitas -- Giller -- Good -- Harris -- Hogberg -- Huss-Danell -- Joshi -- Jumpponen -- Korner -- Leadley -- Loreau -- Minns -- Mulder -- O'Donovan -- Otway -- Pereira -- Prinz -- Read -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1123-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK, GB-SL5 7PY. Institut fur Umweltwissenschaften, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Tolerating differences (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):357-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10438301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; *Immunoconjugates ; Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Transplantation Conditioning
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    Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase superfamily by a Yersinia effector (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The bacterial pathogen Yersinia uses a type III secretion system to inject several virulence factors into target cells. One of the Yersinia virulence factors, YopJ, was shown to bind directly to the superfamily of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases (MKKs) blocking both phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MKKs. These results explain the diverse activities of YopJ in inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, preventing cytokine synthesis and promoting apoptosis. YopJ-related proteins that are found in a number of bacterial pathogens of animals and plants may function to block MKKs so that host signaling responses can be modulated upon infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orth, K -- Palmer, L E -- Bao, Z Q -- Stewart, S -- Rudolph, A E -- Bliska, J B -- Dixon, J E -- 18024/PHS HHS/ -- AI35175/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Radar and optical observations of asteroid 1998 KY26 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: Observations of near-Earth asteroid 1998 KY26 shortly after its discovery reveal a slightly elongated spheroid with a diameter of about 30 meters, a composition analogous to carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, and a rotation period of 10.7 minutes, which is an order of magnitude shorter than that measured for any other solar system object. The rotation is too rapid for 1998 KY26 to consist of multiple components bound together just by their mutual gravitational attraction. This monolithic object probably is a fragment derived from cratering or collisional destruction of a much larger asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro -- Pravec -- Benner -- Hudson -- Sarounova -- Hicks -- Rabinowitz -- Scotti -- Tholen -- Wolf -- Jurgens -- Thomas -- Giorgini -- Chodas -- Yeomans -- Rose -- Frye -- Rosema -- Winkler -- Slade -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):557-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA. Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25165 Ond&rbreve;ejov, Czech Republic. School of Electrical Engineering and.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Techsighting. Test tube kidneys (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dogs ; *Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism/*therapy ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*cytology/*metabolism ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Swine
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    Giant sulfur-eating microbe found (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/cytology/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Namibia ; Nitrates/analysis/*metabolism ; Sulfides/*metabolism ; Sulfur/analysis/metabolism ; Vacuoles/chemistry/ultrastructure
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    Kansas evolution ruling (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/education ; Kansas ; Science/*education ; Universities/standards
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  • 173
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    Dosage compensation proteins targeted to X chromosomes by a determinant of hermaphrodite fate (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: In many organisms, master control genes coordinately regulate sex-specific aspects of development. SDC-2 was shown to induce hermaphrodite sexual differentiation and activate X chromosome dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. To control these distinct processes, SDC-2 acts as a strong gene-specific repressor and a weaker chromosome-wide repressor. To initiate hermaphrodite development, SDC-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription. To activate dosage compensation, SDC-2 triggers assembly of a specialized protein complex exclusively on hermaphrodite X chromosomes to reduce gene expression by half. SDC-2 can localize to X chromosomes without other components of the dosage compensation complex, suggesting that SDC-2 targets dosage compensation machinery to X chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawes, H E -- Berlin, D S -- Lapidus, D M -- Nusbaum, C -- Davis, T L -- Meyer, B J -- GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07127/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1800-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics/*metabolism
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    Human cloning. Korean report sparks anger and inquiry (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):16-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bioethics ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Research ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Research
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  • 175
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    Whole-genome shotgun optical mapping of Deinococcus radiodurans (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: A whole-genome restriction map of Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation-resistant bacterium able to survive up to 15,000 grays of ionizing radiation, was constructed without using DNA libraries, the polymerase chain reaction, or electrophoresis. Very large, randomly sheared, genomic DNA fragments were used to construct maps from individual DNA molecules that were assembled into two circular overlapping maps (2.6 and 0.415 megabases), without gaps. A third smaller chromosome (176 kilobases) was identified and characterized. Aberrant nonlinear DNA structures that may define chromosome structure and organization, as well as intermediates in DNA repair, were directly visualized by optical mapping techniques after gamma irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, J -- Qi, R -- Aston, C -- Jing, J -- Anantharaman, T S -- Mishra, B -- White, O -- Daly, M J -- Minton, K W -- Venter, J C -- Schwartz, D C -- GM 39933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG0025-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1558-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. M. Keck Laboratory for Biomolecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Bacterial ; Contig Mapping/*methods ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; DNA, Circular/chemistry ; Gamma Rays ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Cocci/*genetics/radiation effects ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Plasmids ; Radiation Tolerance ; Recombination, Genetic ; Restriction Mapping/*methods
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    Techsigting. Neural regeneration. Some nerve! (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Separation ; Chick Embryo ; Neural Crest/*cytology/embryology ; Neuroglia/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve/*cytology/embryology ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, E -- Burger, J -- Field, C B -- Norgaard, R B -- Policansky, D -- ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government ; Ownership ; Private Sector ; Privatization ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Social Responsibility
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    Respiration without O2 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hederstedt, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1941-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lars.Hederstedt@mikrbiol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacillus subtilis/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Electron Transport ; *Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism
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  • 179
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    Instability of magma flow from volatile-dependent viscosity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: Volatiles dissolved in silicic magma at depth exsolve as the magma nears the surface and cause an increase in viscosity of the magma. A model of a volcanic conduit within an elastic medium and a viscosity dependent on the volatile content of the magma produces oscillatory magma flow for a critical range of steady input flow rates. Oscillatory flow is recognized as a fundamental mode of behavior at silicic volcanoes, and understanding it allows improved short-term forecasting of timing and eruption style.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wylie -- Voight -- Whitehead -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1883-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Geoscience, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, Cascades Volcano Obse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 180
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    A functional model for O-O bond formation by the O2-evolving complex in photosystem II (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: The formation of molecular oxygen from water in photosynthesis is catalyzed by photosystem II at an active site containing four manganese ions that are arranged in di-mu-oxo dimanganese units (where mu is a bridging mode). The complex [H2O(terpy)Mn(O)2Mn(terpy)OH2](NO3)3 (terpy is 2,2':6', 2"-terpyridine), which was synthesized and structurally characterized, contains a di-mu-oxo manganese dimer and catalyzes the conversion of sodium hypochlorite to molecular oxygen. Oxygen-18 isotope labeling showed that water is the source of the oxygen atoms in the molecular oxygen evolved, and so this system is a functional model for photosynthetic water oxidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Limburg, J -- Vrettos, J S -- Liable-Sands, L M -- Rheingold, A L -- Crabtree, R H -- Brudvig, G W -- GM32715/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1524-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, Post Office Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Ligands ; Manganese/chemistry/metabolism ; Manganese Compounds/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxides/chemistry ; Oxygen/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen Isotopes ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry ; Water/chemistry/metabolism
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    Role of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase in cell transformation by fos (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: The Fos and Jun oncoproteins form dimeric complexes that stimulate transcription of genes containing activator protein-1 regulatory elements. We found, by representational difference analysis, that expression of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase (dnmt1) in fos-transformed cells is three times the expression in normal fibroblasts and that fos-transformed cells contain about 20 percent more 5-methylcytosine than normal fibroblasts. Transfection of the gene encoding Dnmt1 induced morphological transformation, whereas inhibition of dnmt1 expression or activity resulted in reversion of fos transformation. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, which associates with methylated DNA, also caused reversion. These results suggest that fos may transform cells through alterations in DNA methylation and in histone deacetylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakin, A V -- Curran, T -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):387-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Size ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, fos ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*metabolism ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Lateral variations in Compressional/Shear velocities at the base of the mantle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Observations of core-diffracted P (Pdiff) and SH (SHdiff) waves recorded by the Missouri-to-Massachusetts (MOMA) seismic array show that the ratio of compressional (P) seismic velocities to horizontal shear (SH) velocities at the base of the mantle changes abruptly from beneath the mid-Pacific (VP/VS = 1.88, also the value predicted by reference Earth models) to beneath Alaska (VP/VS = 1.83). This change signifies a sudden lateral variation in material properties that may have a mineralogical or textural origin. A textural change could be a result of shear stresses induced during the arrival at the core of ancient lithosphere from the northern Pacific paleotrench.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wysession -- Langenhorst -- Fouch -- Fischer -- Al-Eqabi -- Shore -- Clarke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):120-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Provide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    The Pex16p homolog SSE1 and storage organelle formation in Arabidopsis seeds (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: Mature Arabidopsis seeds are enriched in storage proteins and lipids, but lack starch. In the shrunken seed 1 (sse1) mutant, however, starch is favored over proteins and lipids as the major storage compound. SSE1 has 26 percent identity with Pex16p in Yarrowia lipolytica and complements pex16 mutants defective in the formation of peroxisomes and the transportation of plasma membrane- and cell wall-associated proteins. In Arabidopsis maturing seeds, SSE1 is required for protein and oil body biogenesis, both of which are endoplasmic reticulum-dependent. Starch accumulation in sse1 suggests that starch formation is a default storage deposition pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Y -- Sun, L -- Nguyen, L V -- Rachubinski, R A -- Goodman, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; *Fungal Proteins ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Microbodies/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Organelles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Plant Oils/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saccharomycetales/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Seeds/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Starch/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ceramic fibers for matrix composites in high-temperature engine applications (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: High-temperature engine applications have been limited by the performance of metal alloys and carbide fiber composites at elevated temperatures. Random inorganic networks composed of silicon, boron, nitrogen, and carbon represent a novel class of ceramics with outstanding durability at elevated temperatures. SiBN(3)C was synthesized by pyrolysis of a preceramic N-methylpolyborosilazane made from the single-source precursor Cl(3)Si-NH-BCl(2). The polymer can be processed to a green fiber by melt-spinning, which then undergoes an intermediate curing step and successive pyrolysis. The ceramic fibers, which are presently produced on a semitechnical scale, combine several desired properties relevant for an application in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites: thermal stability, mechanical strength, high-temperature creep resistivity, low density, and stability against oxidation or molten silicon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldus -- Jansen -- Sporn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):699-703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bayer AG, ZF-MFA, Gebaude Q18, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany. Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Fraunhofer Institut fur Silicatforschung, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082 Wurz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    A molecular phylogeny of reptiles (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: The classical phylogeny of living reptiles pairs crocodilians with birds, tuataras with squamates, and places turtles at the base of the tree. New evidence from two nuclear genes, and analyses of mitochondrial DNA and 22 additional nuclear genes, join crocodilians with turtles and place squamates at the base of the tree. Morphological and paleontological evidence for this molecular phylogeny is unclear. Molecular time estimates support a Triassic origin for the major groups of living reptiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedges, S B -- Poling, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):998-1001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, and Astrobiology Research Center, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sbh1@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Animals ; Birds/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Genes, rRNA ; Lizards/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Reptiles/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; Snakes/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Turtles/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics
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  • 186
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    A piston model for transmembrane signaling of the aspartate receptor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-11
    Description: To characterize the mechanism by which receptors propagate conformational changes across membranes, nitroxide spin labels were attached at strategic positions in the bacterial aspartate receptor. By collecting the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of these labeled receptors in the presence and absence of the ligand aspartate, ligand binding was shown to generate an approximately 1 angstrom intrasubunit piston-type movement of one transmembrane helix downward relative to the other transmembrane helix. The receptor-associated phosphorylation cascade proteins CheA and CheW did not alter the ligand-induced movement. Because the piston movement is very small, the ability of receptors to produce large outcomes in response to stimuli is caused by the ability of the receptor-coupled enzymes to detect small changes in the conformation of the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ottemann, K M -- Xiao, W -- Shin, Y K -- Koshland, D E Jr -- DK09765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM51290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartic Acid/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Chemotaxis ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Fourier Analysis ; Ligands ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Methylation ; *Models, Biological ; Mutagenesis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Amino Acid/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spin Labels
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    Efficient persistence of extrachromosomal KSHV DNA mediated by latency-associated nuclear antigen (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells harbor Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) episomes and express a KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In PEL cells, LANA and KSHV DNA colocalized in dots in interphase nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. In the absence of KSHV DNA, LANA was diffusely distributed in the nucleus or on mitotic chromosomes. In lymphoblasts, LANA was necessary and sufficient for the persistence of episomes containing a specific KSHV DNA fragment. Furthermore, LANA colocalized with the artificial KSHV DNA episomes in nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. These results support a model in which LANA tethers KSHV DNA to chromosomes during mitosis to enable the efficient segregation of KSHV episomes to progeny cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ballestas, M E -- Chatis, P A -- Kaye, K M -- CA67380-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):641-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Chromosomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Interphase ; Lymphocytes/chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; *Mitosis ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; *Plasmids ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Genomic views of human history (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: New tools of genomic analysis shed light on historical puzzles. Migrations of ancient peoples, differences in migration patterns of males and females, historical demography of cultures with ancient roots, and patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly the focus of integrated analysis by historians, anthropologists, and geneticists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owens, K -- King, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Box 357720, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; Biological Evolution ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Culture ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; Male
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  • 189
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    Quality control by DNA repair (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: Faithful maintenance of the genome is crucial to the individual and to species. DNA damage arises from both endogenous sources such as water and oxygen and exogenous sources such as sunlight and tobacco smoke. In human cells, base alterations are generally removed by excision repair pathways that counteract the mutagenic effects of DNA lesions. This serves to maintain the integrity of the genetic information, although not all of the pathways are absolutely error-free. In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindahl, T -- Wood, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1897-905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/*metabolism/radiation effects ; DNA Adducts/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutagens ; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/chemistry/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 190
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    Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: In the absence of disease, the vasculature of the mammalian eye is quiescent, in part because of the action of angiogenic inhibitors that prevent vessels from invading the cornea and vitreous. Here, an inhibitor responsible for the avascularity of these ocular compartments is identified as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a protein previously shown to have neurotrophic activity. The amount of inhibitory PEDF produced by retinal cells was positively correlated with oxygen concentrations, suggesting that its loss plays a permissive role in ischemia-driven retinal neovascularization. These results suggest that PEDF may be of therapeutic use, especially in retinopathies where pathological neovascularization compromises vision and leads to blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, D W -- Volpert, O V -- Gillis, P -- Crawford, S E -- Xu, H -- Benedict, W -- Bouck, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies/immunology ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Eye/blood supply ; *Eye Proteins ; Humans ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*drug effects ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Oxygen/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/*metabolism/pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization/*drug therapy ; Retinal Vessels/growth & development ; Serpins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Cloning 3.0? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):349.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Gene Fusion ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Plasmids ; Reading Frames ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 192
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    Member states buoy up beleaguered EMBL (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1823, 1825.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*economics ; Budgets ; Computational Biology ; Europe ; *Molecular Biology ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
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  • 193
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    Plant paralog to viral movement protein that potentiates transport of mRNA into the phloem (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: CmPP16 from Cucurbita maxima was cloned and the protein was shown to possess properties similar to those of viral movement proteins. CmPP16 messenger RNA (mRNA) is present in phloem tissue, whereas protein appears confined to sieve elements (SE). Microinjection and grafting studies revealed that CmPP16 moves from cell to cell, mediates the transport of sense and antisense RNA, and moves together with its mRNA into the SE of scion tissue. CmPP16 possesses the characteristics that are likely required to mediate RNA delivery into the long-distance translocation stream. Thus, RNA may move within the phloem as a component of a plant information superhighway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xoconostle-Cazares, B -- Xiang, Y -- Ruiz-Medrano, R -- Wang, H L -- Monzer, J -- Yoo, B C -- McFarland, K C -- Franceschi, V R -- Lucas, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):94-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cucumis sativus ; Cucurbitaceae/genetics/*metabolism ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Stems/metabolism ; Plant Viral Movement Proteins ; RNA, Antisense/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 194
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    Fetal cells help Parkinson's patients (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):886-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Double-Blind Method ; *Fetal Tissue Transplantation ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/*therapy ; Putamen/cytology
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  • 195
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    Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: A controversial hypothesis has proposed that lizards are subject to a speed-dependent axial constraint that prevents effective lung ventilation during moderate- and high-speed locomotion. This hypothesis has been challenged by results demonstrating that monitor lizards (genus Varanus) experience no axial constraint. Evidence presented here shows that, during locomotion, varanids use a positive pressure gular pump to assist lung ventilation. Disabling the gular pump reveals that the axial constraint is present in varanids but it is masked by gular pumping under normal conditions. These findings support the prediction that the axial constraint may be found in other tetrapods that breathe by costal aspiration and locomote with a lateral undulatory gait.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owerkowicz, T -- Farmer, C G -- Hicks, J W -- Brainerd, E L -- 1F32-HL09796-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. towerkow@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; Gait ; Iguanas/physiology ; Lizards/*physiology ; *Locomotion ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pharynx/*physiology ; Pressure ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; *Pulmonary Ventilation
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  • 196
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    An essential role for DNA adenine methylation in bacterial virulence (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Salmonella typhimurium lacking DNA adenine methylase (Dam) were fully proficient in colonization of mucosal sites but showed severe defects in colonization of deeper tissue sites. These Dam- mutants were totally avirulent and were effective as live vaccines against murine typhoid fever. Dam regulated the expression of at least 20 genes known to be induced during infection; a subset of these genes are among those activated by the PhoP global virulence regulator. PhoP, in turn, affected Dam methylation at specific genomic sites, as evidenced by alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Dam inhibitors are likely to have broad antimicrobial action, and Dam- derivatives of these pathogens may serve as live attenuated vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heithoff, D M -- Sinsheimer, R L -- Low, D A -- Mahan, M J -- AI23348/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI36373/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):967-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Peyer's Patches/microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology/*microbiology/prevention & control ; Salmonella typhimurium/*enzymology/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Virulence/genetics
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    Beating the odds with Big K (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silberberg, S D -- Magleby, K L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1859-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. silber@bgumail.bgu.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects/*physiology ; Estradiol/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Longevity/physiology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Xenopus
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  • 198
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    Evolution of shape complementarity and catalytic efficiency from a primordial antibody template (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The crystal structure of an efficient Diels-Alder antibody catalyst at 1.9 angstrom resolution reveals almost perfect shape complementarity with its transition state analog. Comparison with highly related progesterone and Diels-Alderase antibodies that arose from the same primordial germ line template shows the relatively subtle mutational steps that were able to evolve both structural complementarity and catalytic efficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, J -- Deng, Q -- Chen, J -- Houk, K N -- Bartek, J -- Hilvert, D -- Wilson, I A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2345-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Haptens/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Progesterone/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Solubility ; Temperature ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 199
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    Can immune systems be trained to fight HIV? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1470-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; HIV/*immunology/physiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*therapy/virology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 200
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    New role found for the hippocampus (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1339, 1341.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology/psychology ; Awareness ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Memory ; Unconscious (Psychology)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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