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  • 1
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    Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: A controversial hypothesis has proposed that lizards are subject to a speed-dependent axial constraint that prevents effective lung ventilation during moderate- and high-speed locomotion. This hypothesis has been challenged by results demonstrating that monitor lizards (genus Varanus) experience no axial constraint. Evidence presented here shows that, during locomotion, varanids use a positive pressure gular pump to assist lung ventilation. Disabling the gular pump reveals that the axial constraint is present in varanids but it is masked by gular pumping under normal conditions. These findings support the prediction that the axial constraint may be found in other tetrapods that breathe by costal aspiration and locomote with a lateral undulatory gait.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owerkowicz, T -- Farmer, C G -- Hicks, J W -- Brainerd, E L -- 1F32-HL09796-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. towerkow@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; Gait ; Iguanas/physiology ; Lizards/*physiology ; *Locomotion ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pharynx/*physiology ; Pressure ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; *Pulmonary Ventilation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Shaking up glycolysis: Sustained, high lactate flux during aerobic rattling (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-16
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Cooperating chromosome 8p tumor suppressor genes [Genetics] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: The large chromosomal deletions frequently observed in cancer genomes are often thought to arise as a “two-hit” mechanism in the process of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) inactivation. Using a murine model system of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in vivo RNAi, we test an alternative hypothesis, that such deletions can arise from selective pressure to attenuate the activity of multiple genes. By targeting the mouse orthologs of genes frequently deleted on human 8p22 and adjacent regions, which are lost in approximately half of several other major epithelial cancers, we provide evidence suggesting that multiple genes on chromosome 8p can cooperatively inhibit tumorigenesis in mice, and that their cosuppression can synergistically promote tumor growth. In addition, in human HCC patients, the combined down-regulation of functionally validated 8p TSGs is associated with poor survival, in contrast to the down-regulation of any individual gene. Our data imply that large cancer-associated deletions can produce phenotypes distinct from those arising through loss of a single TSG, and as such should be considered and studied as distinct mutational events.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Development of a real-time aeroperformance analysis technique for the X-29A advanced technology demonstrator (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The X-29A advanced technology demonstrator has shown the practicality and advantages of the capability to compute and display, in real time, aeroperformance flight results. This capability includes the calculation of the in-flight measured drag polar, lift curve, and aircraft specific excess power. From these elements many other types of aeroperformance measurements can be computed and analyzed. The technique can be used to give an immediate postmaneuver assessment of data quality and maneuver technique, thus increasing the productivity of a flight program. A key element of this new method was the concurrent development of a real-time in-flight net thrust algorithm, based on the simplified gross thrust method. This net thrust algorithm allows for the direct calculation of total aircraft drag.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-100432 , H-1471 , NAS 1.15:100432
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Measurements in the turbulent boundary layer at constant pressure in subsonic and supersonic flow. Part 1: Mean flow (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Experiments were carried out to test the accuracy of laser Doppler instrumentation for measurement of Reynolds stresses in turbulent boundary layers in supersonic flow. Two facilities were used to study flow at constant pressure. In one facility, data were obtained on a flat plate at M sub e = 0.1, with Re theta up to 8,000. In the other, data were obtained on an adiabatic nozzle wall at M sub e = 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.2, with Re theta = 23,000 and 40,000. The mean flow as observed using Pitot tube, Preston tube, and floating element instrumentation is described. Emphasis is on the use of similarity laws with Van Driest scaling and on the inference of the shearing stress profile and the normal velocity component from the equations of mean motion. The experimental data are tabulated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-156989 , JPL-PUB-78-23 , AEDC-TR-78-21-PT-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Data-Processing System For Test Airplane (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Real-time display of data on performance supports decisions regarding maneuvers. Data from sensors aboard airplane transmitted to control station on ground for immediate processing and display. Data-acquisition subsystem aboard airplane uses both pulse code modulation and frequency modulation for transmission of sensor data on operation of engine, performance of airplane, and conditions in atmosphere. No data recorded on aircraft.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: ARC-12212 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 13; 7; P. 32
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Development of a real-time aeroperformance analysis technique for the X-29A advanced technology demonstrator (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The X-29A advanced technology demonstrator has shown the practicality and advantages of the capability to compute and display, in real time, aeroperformance flight results. This capability includes the calculation of the in flight measured drag polar, lift curve, and aircraft specific excess power. From these elements, many other types of aeroperformance measurements can be computed and analyzed. The technique can be used to give an immediate postmaneuver assessment of data quality and maneuver technique, thus increasing the productivity of a flight program. A key element of this new method was the concurrent development of a real-time in flight net thrust algorithm, based on the simplified gross thrust method. This net thrust algorithm allows for the direct calculation of total aircraft drag.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-2145 , AIAA Flight Test Conference; May 18, 1988 - May 20, 1988; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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