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  • 101
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    HEALTH CARE POLICY. Ten things we have to do to achieve precision medicine (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohane, Isaac S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):37-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1328. Epub 2015 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. isaac_kohane@harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evidence-Based Medicine ; Genomics/trends ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; Medical Record Linkage ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aging stem cells. A Werner syndrome stem cell model unveils heterochromatin alterations as a driver of human aging (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by WRN protein deficiency. Here, we report on the generation of a human WS model in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Differentiation of WRN-null ESCs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recapitulates features of premature cellular aging, a global loss of H3K9me3, and changes in heterochromatin architecture. We show that WRN associates with heterochromatin proteins SUV39H1 and HP1alpha and nuclear lamina-heterochromatin anchoring protein LAP2beta. Targeted knock-in of catalytically inactive SUV39H1 in wild-type MSCs recapitulates accelerated cellular senescence, resembling WRN-deficient MSCs. Moreover, decrease in WRN and heterochromatin marks are detected in MSCs from older individuals. Our observations uncover a role for WRN in maintaining heterochromatin stability and highlight heterochromatin disorganization as a potential determinant of human aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494668/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494668/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Weiqi -- Li, Jingyi -- Suzuki, Keiichiro -- Qu, Jing -- Wang, Ping -- Zhou, Junzhi -- Liu, Xiaomeng -- Ren, Ruotong -- Xu, Xiuling -- Ocampo, Alejandro -- Yuan, Tingting -- Yang, Jiping -- Li, Ying -- Shi, Liang -- Guan, Dee -- Pan, Huize -- Duan, Shunlei -- Ding, Zhichao -- Li, Mo -- Yi, Fei -- Bai, Ruijun -- Wang, Yayu -- Chen, Chang -- Yang, Fuquan -- Li, Xiaoyu -- Wang, Zimei -- Aizawa, Emi -- Goebl, April -- Soligalla, Rupa Devi -- Reddy, Pradeep -- Esteban, Concepcion Rodriguez -- Tang, Fuchou -- Liu, Guang-Hui -- Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisua -- F32 AG047770/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1160-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1356. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Oral Disease, the 306th Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; The Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos s/n, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain. ; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China. Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine (CMTM), Beijing 100101, China. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ghliu@ibp.ac.cn tangfuchou@pku.edu.cn belmonte@salk.edu. ; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. The Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine (CMTM), Beijing 100101, China. Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China. ghliu@ibp.ac.cn tangfuchou@pku.edu.cn belmonte@salk.edu. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ghliu@ibp.ac.cn tangfuchou@pku.edu.cn belmonte@salk.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Differentiation ; Centromere/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; Heterochromatin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*metabolism ; Methyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; RecQ Helicases/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Werner Syndrome/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ECOLOGY. NSF looks for new contractor to finish troubled observatory (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1454. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contract Services/*economics ; Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Chemical Regulation. Reform of toxics law is contentious (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kollipara, Puneet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1403-4. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6229.1403-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrochemicals ; Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecotoxicology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 105
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    Funding. NIH program fails to launch blacks in biotech (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):896. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6263.896.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Americans ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Biotechnology/*economics/*manpower ; Financial Support ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Laboratory Personnel/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Small Business/economics/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    TISSUE REGENERATION. Inhibition of the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH potentiates tissue regeneration (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Agents that promote tissue regeneration could be beneficial in a variety of clinical settings, such as stimulating recovery of the hematopoietic system after bone marrow transplantation. Prostaglandin PGE2, a lipid signaling molecule that supports expansion of several types of tissue stem cells, is a candidate therapeutic target for promoting tissue regeneration in vivo. Here, we show that inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a prostaglandin-degrading enzyme, potentiates tissue regeneration in multiple organs in mice. In a chemical screen, we identify a small-molecule inhibitor of 15-PGDH (SW033291) that increases prostaglandin PGE2 levels in bone marrow and other tissues. SW033291 accelerates hematopoietic recovery in mice receiving a bone marrow transplant. The same compound also promotes tissue regeneration in mouse models of colon and liver injury. Tissues from 15-PGDH knockout mice demonstrate similar increased regenerative capacity. Thus, 15-PGDH inhibition may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration in diverse clinical contexts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481126/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481126/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Yongyou -- Desai, Amar -- Yang, Sung Yeun -- Bae, Ki Beom -- Antczak, Monika I -- Fink, Stephen P -- Tiwari, Shruti -- Willis, Joseph E -- Williams, Noelle S -- Dawson, Dawn M -- Wald, David -- Chen, Wei-Dong -- Wang, Zhenghe -- Kasturi, Lakshmi -- Larusch, Gretchen A -- He, Lucy -- Cominelli, Fabio -- Di Martino, Luca -- Djuric, Zora -- Milne, Ginger L -- Chance, Mark -- Sanabria, Juan -- Dealwis, Chris -- Mikkola, Debra -- Naidoo, Jacinth -- Wei, Shuguang -- Tai, Hsin-Hsiung -- Gerson, Stanton L -- Ready, Joseph M -- Posner, Bruce -- Willson, James K V -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- 1P01CA95471-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5P30 CA142543-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA095471/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA043703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA142543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK097948/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA130810/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA150964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA127590/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R25 CA148052/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R25CA148052/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HL119810/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54HL119810/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000439/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):aaa2340. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2340.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Gastroenterology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 612896, South Korea. ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, and Paik Institute of Clinical Research and Ocular Neovascular Research Center, Inje University, Busan, South Korea. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Proteomics Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Case Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. sxm10@cwru.edu james.willson@utsouthwestern.edu slg5@cwru.edu joseph.ready@utsouthwestern.edu bruce.posner@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. sxm10@cwru.edu james.willson@utsouthwestern.edu slg5@cwru.edu joseph.ready@utsouthwestern.edu bruce.posner@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. sxm10@cwru.edu james.willson@utsouthwestern.edu slg5@cwru.edu joseph.ready@utsouthwestern.edu bruce.posner@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Colitis/enzymology/prevention & control ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; Liver Regeneration/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Prostaglandins/*metabolism ; Pyridines/chemistry/pharmacology ; Regeneration/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Thiophenes/chemistry/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious diseases. Overcoming neglect of kinetoplastid diseases (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bilbe, Graeme -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):974-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3683. Epub 2015 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. gbilbe@dndi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiprotozoal Agents/adverse effects/*chemistry/therapeutic use ; Chagas Disease/drug therapy/transmission ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drug Design ; Euglenozoa Infections/*drug therapy/transmission ; Humans ; Kinetoplastida/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis/drug therapy/transmission ; Mice ; Neglected Diseases/*drug therapy ; Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects ; Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    BRAIN NETWORKS. Correlated gene expression supports synchronous activity in brain networks (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: During rest, brain activity is synchronized between different regions widely distributed throughout the brain, forming functional networks. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting functional connectivity remain undefined. We show that functional brain networks defined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can be recapitulated by using measures of correlated gene expression in a post mortem brain tissue data set. The set of 136 genes we identify is significantly enriched for ion channels. Polymorphisms in this set of genes significantly affect resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of healthy adolescents. Expression levels of these genes are also significantly associated with axonal connectivity in the mouse. The results provide convergent, multimodal evidence that resting-state functional networks correlate with the orchestrated activity of dozens of genes linked to ion channel activity and synaptic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richiardi, Jonas -- Altmann, Andre -- Milazzo, Anna-Clare -- Chang, Catie -- Chakravarty, M Mallar -- Banaschewski, Tobias -- Barker, Gareth J -- Bokde, Arun L W -- Bromberg, Uli -- Buchel, Christian -- Conrod, Patricia -- Fauth-Buhler, Mira -- Flor, Herta -- Frouin, Vincent -- Gallinat, Jurgen -- Garavan, Hugh -- Gowland, Penny -- Heinz, Andreas -- Lemaitre, Herve -- Mann, Karl F -- Martinot, Jean-Luc -- Nees, Frauke -- Paus, Tomas -- Pausova, Zdenka -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Smolka, Michael N -- Spanagel, Rainer -- Strohle, Andreas -- Schumann, Gunter -- Hawrylycz, Mike -- Poline, Jean-Baptiste -- Greicius, Michael D -- IMAGEN consortium -- 93558/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 MH085772-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01NS073498/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 EB020403/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1241-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1255905. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jonas.richiardi@unige.ch greicius@stanford.edu. ; Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; The War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. ; Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada. ; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Neurospin, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France. ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, France. INSERM Unit 1000 at Maison de Solenn, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Cochin Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. ; The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. ; Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. ; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. ; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Medical Research Council (MRC) Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK. ; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jonas.richiardi@unige.ch greicius@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Nerve Net/metabolism/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/metabolism/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rest/*physiology ; Synapses/metabolism/physiology ; *Transcriptome ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davison, J -- Moora, M -- Opik, M -- Adholeya, A -- Ainsaar, L -- Ba, A -- Burla, S -- Diedhiou, A G -- Hiiesalu, I -- Jairus, T -- Johnson, N C -- Kane, A -- Koorem, K -- Kochar, M -- Ndiaye, C -- Partel, M -- Reier, U -- Saks, U -- Singh, R -- Vasar, M -- Zobel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ; Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. ; Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Mediterraneennes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Universite des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement-Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles-Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Departement de Biologie Vegetale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. ; TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Fungal/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Water ; Wind
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    Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided transposon cleavage initiates Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA production (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect the animal germ line by silencing transposons. Primary piRNAs, generated from transcripts of genomic transposon "junkyards" (piRNA clusters), are amplified by the "ping-pong" pathway, yielding secondary piRNAs. We report that secondary piRNAs, bound to the PIWI protein Ago3, can initiate primary piRNA production from cleaved transposon RNAs. The first ~26 nucleotides (nt) of each cleaved RNA becomes a secondary piRNA, but the subsequent ~26 nt become the first in a series of phased primary piRNAs that bind Piwi, allowing piRNAs to spread beyond the site of RNA cleavage. The ping-pong pathway increases only the abundance of piRNAs, whereas production of phased primary piRNAs from cleaved transposon RNAs adds sequence diversity to the piRNA pool, allowing adaptation to changes in transposon sequence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545291/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545291/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Bo W -- Wang, Wei -- Li, Chengjian -- Weng, Zhiping -- Zamore, Phillip D -- GM62862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM062862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):817-21. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. zhiping.weng@umassmed.edu phillip.zamore@umassmed.edu. ; RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. zhiping.weng@umassmed.edu phillip.zamore@umassmed.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice ; Ovary/metabolism ; Peptide Initiation Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *RNA Cleavage ; RNA, Guide/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; *Retroelements ; Testis/metabolism
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    Ecology's tough climb (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1436-41. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1436. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods/standards ; Foundations ; United States
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    Skin fibrosis. Identification and isolation of a dermal lineage with intrinsic fibrogenic potential (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Dermal fibroblasts represent a heterogeneous population of cells with diverse features that remain largely undefined. We reveal the presence of at least two fibroblast lineages in murine dorsal skin. Lineage tracing and transplantation assays demonstrate that a single fibroblast lineage is responsible for the bulk of connective tissue deposition during embryonic development, cutaneous wound healing, radiation fibrosis, and cancer stroma formation. Lineage-specific cell ablation leads to diminished connective tissue deposition in wounds and reduces melanoma growth. Using flow cytometry, we identify CD26/DPP4 as a surface marker that allows isolation of this lineage. Small molecule-based inhibition of CD26/DPP4 enzymatic activity during wound healing results in diminished cutaneous scarring. Identification and isolation of these lineages hold promise for translational medicine aimed at in vivo modulation of fibrogenic behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rinkevich, Yuval -- Walmsley, Graham G -- Hu, Michael S -- Maan, Zeshaan N -- Newman, Aaron M -- Drukker, Micha -- Januszyk, Michael -- Krampitz, Geoffrey W -- Gurtner, Geoffrey C -- Lorenz, H Peter -- Weissman, Irving L -- Longaker, Michael T -- GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099776/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL099999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):aaa2151. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2151.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ryuval@stanford.edu irv@stanford.edu longaker@stanford.edu. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ryuval@stanford.edu irv@stanford.edu longaker@stanford.edu. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ryuval@stanford.edu irv@stanford.edu longaker@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Cell Separation/*methods ; Cicatrix/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Mouth/injuries/pathology/surgery ; Skin/injuries/*pathology ; Translational Medical Research ; *Wound Healing
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    Single-cell transcriptomics reveals receptor transformations during olfactory neurogenesis (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: The sense of smell allows chemicals to be perceived as diverse scents. We used single-neuron RNA sequencing to explore the developmental mechanisms that shape this ability as nasal olfactory neurons mature in mice. Most mature neurons expressed only one of the ~1000 odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) available, and at a high level. However, many immature neurons expressed low levels of multiple Olfrs. Coexpressed Olfrs localized to overlapping zones of the nasal epithelium, suggesting regional biases, but not to single genomic loci. A single immature neuron could express Olfrs from up to seven different chromosomes. The mature state in which expression of Olfr genes is restricted to one per neuron emerges over a developmental progression that appears to be independent of neuronal activity involving sensory transduction molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanchate, Naresh K -- Kondoh, Kunio -- Lu, Zhonghua -- Kuang, Donghui -- Ye, Xiaolan -- Qiu, Xiaojie -- Pachter, Lior -- Trapnell, Cole -- Buck, Linda B -- DP2 HD088158/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- R01 DC009324/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1251-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2456. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. ; Departments of Mathematics, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. coletrap@uw.edu lbuck@fhcrc.org. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. coletrap@uw.edu lbuck@fhcrc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genetic Loci ; Genetic Markers ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Stem Cells/*metabolism ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Olfactory Mucosa/innervation ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, Odorant/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Smell/*genetics ; Transcriptome
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    SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Membrane potential modulates plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics and K-Ras signaling (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Plasma membrane depolarization can trigger cell proliferation, but how membrane potential influences mitogenic signaling is uncertain. Here, we show that plasma membrane depolarization induces nanoscale reorganization of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate but not other anionic phospholipids. K-Ras, which is targeted to the plasma membrane by electrostatic interactions with phosphatidylserine, in turn undergoes enhanced nanoclustering. Depolarization-induced changes in phosphatidylserine and K-Ras plasma membrane organization occur in fibroblasts, excitable neuroblastoma cells, and Drosophila neurons in vivo and robustly amplify K-Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Conversely, plasma membrane repolarization disrupts K-Ras nanoclustering and inhibits MAPK signaling. By responding to voltage-induced changes in phosphatidylserine spatiotemporal dynamics, K-Ras nanoclusters set up the plasma membrane as a biological field-effect transistor, allowing membrane potential to control the gain in mitogenic signaling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687752/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687752/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yong -- Wong, Ching-On -- Cho, Kwang-jin -- van der Hoeven, Dharini -- Liang, Hong -- Thakur, Dhananiay P -- Luo, Jialie -- Babic, Milos -- Zinsmaier, Konrad E -- Zhu, Michael X -- Hu, Hongzhen -- Venkatachalam, Kartik -- Hancock, John F -- R01 NS081301/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS081301/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):873-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA. john.f.hancock@uth.tmc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fibroblasts ; *Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    Structural biology. Mechanistic insight from the crystal structure of mitochondrial complex I (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Description: Proton-pumping complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is among the largest and most complicated membrane protein complexes. The enzyme contributes substantially to oxidative energy conversion in eukaryotic cells. Its malfunctions are implicated in many hereditary and degenerative disorders. We report the x-ray structure of mitochondrial complex I at a resolution of 3.6 to 3.9 angstroms, describing in detail the central subunits that execute the bioenergetic function. A continuous axis of basic and acidic residues running centrally through the membrane arm connects the ubiquinone reduction site in the hydrophilic arm to four putative proton-pumping units. The binding position for a substrate analogous inhibitor and blockage of the predicted ubiquinone binding site provide a model for the "deactive" form of the enzyme. The proposed transition into the active form is based on a concerted structural rearrangement at the ubiquinone reduction site, providing support for a two-state stabilization-change mechanism of proton pumping.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zickermann, Volker -- Wirth, Christophe -- Nasiri, Hamid -- Siegmund, Karin -- Schwalbe, Harald -- Hunte, Carola -- Brandt, Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):44-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1259859.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Bioenergetics Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. zickermann@med.uni-frankfurt.de carola.hunte@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de ulrich.brandt@radboudumc.nl. ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Structural Bioenergetics Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. zickermann@med.uni-frankfurt.de carola.hunte@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de ulrich.brandt@radboudumc.nl. ; Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. zickermann@med.uni-frankfurt.de carola.hunte@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de ulrich.brandt@radboudumc.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Transport Complex I/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Mitochondrial Membranes/*enzymology ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Ubiquinone/chemistry ; Yarrowia/enzymology
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    RESEARCH FACILITIES. The dimming of NEON (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):574. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Ecology/*economics ; Ecosystem ; Foundations ; United States
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    Behind the numbers. Salaries pump up biomedical inflation (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):225. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6245.225. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*trends ; United States
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    PUBLIC ATTITUDES. Politics doesn't always rule (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):16. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Attitude ; Data Collection ; Female ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Nuclear Energy ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; *Research ; Sex Factors ; United States
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    Tuning of fast-spiking interneuron properties by an activity-dependent transcriptional switch (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: The function of neural circuits depends on the generation of specific classes of neurons. Neural identity is typically established near the time when neurons exit the cell cycle to become postmitotic cells, and it is generally accepted that, once the identity of a neuron has been established, its fate is maintained throughout life. Here, we show that network activity dynamically modulates the properties of fast-spiking (FS) interneurons through the postmitotic expression of the transcriptional regulator Er81. In the adult cortex, Er81 protein levels define a spectrum of FS basket cells with different properties, whose relative proportions are, however, continuously adjusted in response to neuronal activity. Our findings therefore suggest that interneuron properties are malleable in the adult cortex, at least to a certain extent.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702376/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702376/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehorter, Nathalie -- Ciceri, Gabriele -- Bartolini, Giorgia -- Lim, Lynette -- del Pino, Isabel -- Marin, Oscar -- 103714MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1216-20. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Medical Research Council, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. ; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. ; MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Medical Research Council, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. oscar.marin@kcl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Interneurons/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nerve Net/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Science policy. Debate sharpens over proposed criteria for NSF grants (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):956. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6238.956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences/*economics ; Climate Change/*economics ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Foundations ; Social Sciences/*economics ; United States
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    Humoral immunity. Apoptosis and antigen affinity limit effector cell differentiation of a single naive B cell (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: When exposed to antigens, naive B cells differentiate into different types of effector cells: antibody-producing plasma cells, germinal center cells, or memory cells. Whether an individual naive B cell can produce all of these different cell fates remains unclear. Using a limiting dilution approach, we found that many individual naive B cells produced only one type of effector cell subset, whereas others produced all subsets. The capacity to differentiate into multiple subsets was a characteristic of clonal populations that divided many times and resisted apoptosis, but was independent of isotype switching. Antigen receptor affinity also influenced effector cell differentiation. These findings suggest that diverse effector cell types arise in the primary immune response as a result of heterogeneity in responses by individual naive B cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412594/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4412594/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Justin J -- Pape, Kathryn A -- Steach, Holly R -- Jenkins, Marc K -- P01 AI035296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI035296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI027998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI039614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI036914/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37AI027998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009138/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):784-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1342. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98019, USA. jtaylor3@fhcrc.org. ; Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98019, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells/*immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Apoptosis/*immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
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    Scientific publishing. NIH's peer review stands up to scrutiny (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):384. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/*trends ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; United States
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    Education. Why many U.S. biology teachers are 'wishy-washy' (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1054. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; *Faculty ; Knowledge ; *Professional Competence ; *Religion and Science ; Role ; United States
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    The missing mudbug (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeMarco, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):915-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6251.915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Astacoidea/classification/genetics/physiology ; Coal Mining ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species/legislation & jurisprudence ; Environmental Pollution ; Genetic Speciation ; United States ; West Virginia
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    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. Monarchs pose a puzzle (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeMarco, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):570-1. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Breeding ; *Butterflies ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Mexico ; Plant Nectar ; Population ; Seasons ; United States
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    A classroom experiment (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):602-5. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6222.602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Career Mobility ; *Faculty ; Fellowships and Scholarships/*economics ; *Government Programs ; Mathematics/*education ; Science/*education ; United States
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    PHYSIOLOGY. Regulation of breathing by CO(2) requires the proton-activated receptor GPR4 in retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Blood gas and tissue pH regulation depend on the ability of the brain to sense CO2 and/or H(+) and alter breathing appropriately, a homeostatic process called central respiratory chemosensitivity. We show that selective expression of the proton-activated receptor GPR4 in chemosensory neurons of the mouse retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is required for CO2-stimulated breathing. Genetic deletion of GPR4 disrupted acidosis-dependent activation of RTN neurons, increased apnea frequency, and blunted ventilatory responses to CO2. Reintroduction of GPR4 into RTN neurons restored CO2-dependent RTN neuronal activation and rescued the ventilatory phenotype. Additional elimination of TASK-2 (K(2P)5), a pH-sensitive K(+) channel expressed in RTN neurons, essentially abolished the ventilatory response to CO2. The data identify GPR4 and TASK-2 as distinct, parallel, and essential central mediators of respiratory chemosensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, Natasha N -- Velic, Ana -- Soliz, Jorge -- Shi, Yingtang -- Li, Keyong -- Wang, Sheng -- Weaver, Janelle L -- Sen, Josh -- Abbott, Stephen B G -- Lazarenko, Roman M -- Ludwig, Marie-Gabrielle -- Perez-Reyes, Edward -- Mohebbi, Nilufar -- Bettoni, Carla -- Gassmann, Max -- Suply, Thomas -- Seuwen, Klaus -- Guyenet, Patrice G -- Wagner, Carsten A -- Bayliss, Douglas A -- HL074011/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL108609/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1255-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0922. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland. ; Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland. Centre de Recherche du CHU de Quebec, Departement de Pediatrie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. ; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland. ; Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland. ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland. Wagnerca@access.uzh.ch bayliss@virginia.edu. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Wagnerca@access.uzh.ch bayliss@virginia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acidosis, Respiratory/genetics/physiopathology ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; *Respiration ; Trapezoid Body/cytology/metabolism/*physiology
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    U.S. research funding. Budget for 2016 accentuates the practical (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):599-601. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6222.599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Financing, Government ; Research/*economics ; United States
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    Antitumor immunity. A shed NKG2D ligand that promotes natural killer cell activation and tumor rejection (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, recognize transformed cells and eliminate them in a process termed immunosurveillance. It is thought that tumor cells evade immunosurveillance by shedding membrane ligands that bind to the NKG2D-activating receptor on NK cells and/or T cells, and desensitize these cells. In contrast, we show that in mice, a shed form of MULT1, a high-affinity NKG2D ligand, causes NK cell activation and tumor rejection. Recombinant soluble MULT1 stimulated tumor rejection in mice. Soluble MULT1 functions, at least in part, by competitively reversing a global desensitization of NK cells imposed by engagement of membrane NKG2D ligands on tumor-associated cells, such as myeloid cells. The results overturn conventional wisdom that soluble ligands are always inhibitory and suggest a new approach for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Weiwen -- Gowen, Benjamin G -- Zhang, Li -- Wang, Lin -- Lau, Stephanie -- Iannello, Alexandre -- Xu, Jianfeng -- Rovis, Tihana L -- Xiong, Na -- Raulet, David H -- R01 CA093678/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):136-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1258867. Epub 2015 Mar 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Center for Proteomics University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. ; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. raulet@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*immunology/pharmacology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/*immunology/pharmacology ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology/therapy ; Mice ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/*immunology ; Neoplasms/*immunology/therapy ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    U.S. science policy. Meet two new science spending cardinals in Congress (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):466-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence
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    A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tee, Benjamin C-K -- Chortos, Alex -- Berndt, Andre -- Nguyen, Amanda Kim -- Tom, Ariane -- McGuire, Allister -- Lin, Ziliang Carter -- Tien, Kevin -- Bae, Won-Gyu -- Wang, Huiliang -- Mei, Ping -- Chou, Ho-Hsiu -- Cui, Bianxiao -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Ng, Tse Nga -- Bao, Zhenan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):313-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. zbao@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Hand/anatomy & histology/innervation/physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Mechanoreceptors ; Mice ; *Neural Prostheses ; Optogenetics ; Pressure ; Skin/*innervation ; *Touch ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/*methods ; Transistors, Electronic
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    Scientific societies. Torture report prompts APA apology (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):221-2. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6245.221. Epub 2015 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; Psychology/*ethics ; *Public Policy ; Security Measures/*ethics ; Social Change ; Societies, Scientific/ethics ; Torture/*ethics ; United States
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    METALLOPROTEINS. A tethered niacin-derived pincer complex with a nickel-carbon bond in lactate racemase (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: Lactic acid racemization is involved in lactate metabolism and cell wall assembly of many microorganisms. Lactate racemase (Lar) requires nickel, but the nickel-binding site and the role of three accessory proteins required for its activation remain enigmatic. We combined mass spectrometry and x-ray crystallography to show that Lar from Lactobacillus plantarum possesses an organometallic nickel-containing prosthetic group. A nicotinic acid mononucleotide derivative is tethered to Lys(184) and forms a tridentate pincer complex that coordinates nickel through one metal-carbon and two metal-sulfur bonds, with His(200) as another ligand. Although similar complexes have been previously synthesized, there was no prior evidence for the existence of pincer cofactors in enzymes. The wide distribution of the accessory proteins without Lar suggests that it may play a role in other enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Desguin, Benoit -- Zhang, Tuo -- Soumillion, Patrice -- Hols, Pascal -- Hu, Jian -- Hausinger, Robert P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):66-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2272.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ; Institute of Life Sciences, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. hujian1@msu.edu hausinge@msu.edu. ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. hujian1@msu.edu hausinge@msu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Carbon/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histidine/chemistry ; Holoenzymes/chemistry ; Lactic Acid/*biosynthesis/chemistry ; Lactobacillus plantarum/*enzymology/genetics ; Ligands ; Lysine/chemistry ; Metalloproteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Niacin/*chemistry ; Nickel/*chemistry ; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide/analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Racemases and Epimerases/*chemistry/genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sulfur
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breach of trust (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):495-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Computer Security ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Mathematics ; *Privacy ; Research Support as Topic ; *Security Measures ; Societies ; Trust ; United States ; *United States Department of Defense/economics/ethics ; Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Preparing for disasters (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Aubrey -- Birnbaum, Linda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):766-7. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6236.766-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. miller.aubrey@nih.gov. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disaster Planning/*methods ; Humans ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
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    Ecological feedbacks. Termite mounds can increase the robustness of dryland ecosystems to climatic change (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Self-organized spatial vegetation patterning is widespread and has been described using models of scale-dependent feedback between plants and water on homogeneous substrates. As rainfall decreases, these models yield a characteristic sequence of patterns with increasingly sparse vegetation, followed by sudden collapse to desert. Thus, the final, spot-like pattern may provide early warning for such catastrophic shifts. In many arid ecosystems, however, termite nests impart substrate heterogeneity by altering soil properties, thereby enhancing plant growth. We show that termite-induced heterogeneity interacts with scale-dependent feedbacks to produce vegetation patterns at different spatial grains. Although the coarse-grained patterning resembles that created by scale-dependent feedback alone, it does not indicate imminent desertification. Rather, mound-field landscapes are more robust to aridity, suggesting that termites may help stabilize ecosystems under global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonachela, Juan A -- Pringle, Robert M -- Sheffer, Efrat -- Coverdale, Tyler C -- Guyton, Jennifer A -- Caylor, Kelly K -- Levin, Simon A -- Tarnita, Corina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):651-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1261487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ; Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ctarnita@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Isoptera/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; *Rain ; Soil ; *Water
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    Planetary science. Dawn probe to look for a habitable ocean on Ceres (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):813-4. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6224.813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exobiology ; *Ice Cover ; *Minor Planets ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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    Paleoanthropology. Late Pliocene fossiliferous sedimentary record and the environmental context of early Homo from Afar, Ethiopia (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Sedimentary basins in eastern Africa preserve a record of continental rifting and contain important fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution. However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (Ma) is poorly documented in surface outcrops, particularly in Afar, Ethiopia. Here we present the discovery of a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research area of Afar, Ethiopia, that have produced the earliest record of the genus Homo. Vertebrate fossils record a faunal turnover indicative of more open and probably arid habitats than those reconstructed earlier in this region, which is in broad agreement with hypotheses addressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time. Geological analyses constrain depositional and structural models of Afar and date the LD 350-1 Homo mandible to 2.80 to 2.75 Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMaggio, Erin N -- Campisano, Christopher J -- Rowan, John -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Deino, Alan L -- Bibi, Faysal -- Lewis, Margaret E -- Souron, Antoine -- Garello, Dominique -- Werdelin, Lars -- Reed, Kaye E -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1415. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dimaggio@psu.edu kreed@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; CNRS Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Biology Program, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. ; Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae
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    Chromosomes. A comprehensive Xist interactome reveals cohesin repulsion and an RNA-directed chromosome conformation (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: The inactive X chromosome (Xi) serves as a model to understand gene silencing on a global scale. Here, we perform "identification of direct RNA interacting proteins" (iDRiP) to isolate a comprehensive protein interactome for Xist, an RNA required for Xi silencing. We discover multiple classes of interactors-including cohesins, condensins, topoisomerases, RNA helicases, chromatin remodelers, and modifiers-that synergistically repress Xi transcription. Inhibiting two or three interactors destabilizes silencing. Although Xist attracts some interactors, it repels architectural factors. Xist evicts cohesins from the Xi and directs an Xi-specific chromosome conformation. Upon deleting Xist, the Xi acquires the cohesin-binding and chromosomal architecture of the active X. Our study unveils many layers of Xi repression and demonstrates a central role for RNA in the topological organization of mammalian chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minajigi, Anand -- Froberg, John E -- Wei, Chunyao -- Sunwoo, Hongjae -- Kesner, Barry -- Colognori, David -- Lessing, Derek -- Payer, Bernhard -- Boukhali, Myriam -- Haas, Wilhelm -- Lee, Jeannie T -- R01-DA-38695/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R03-MH97478/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245). pii: aab2276. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2276. Epub 2015 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. lee@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Gene Silencing ; Mice ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proteomics ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/*metabolism ; X Chromosome/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
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    Biomaterials. Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: The mechanical mismatch between soft neural tissues and stiff neural implants hinders the long-term performance of implantable neuroprostheses. Here, we designed and fabricated soft neural implants with the shape and elasticity of dura mater, the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord. The electronic dura mater, which we call e-dura, embeds interconnects, electrodes, and chemotrodes that sustain millions of mechanical stretch cycles, electrical stimulation pulses, and chemical injections. These integrated modalities enable multiple neuroprosthetic applications. The soft implants extracted cortical states in freely behaving animals for brain-machine interface and delivered electrochemical spinal neuromodulation that restored locomotion after paralyzing spinal cord injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minev, Ivan R -- Musienko, Pavel -- Hirsch, Arthur -- Barraud, Quentin -- Wenger, Nikolaus -- Moraud, Eduardo Martin -- Gandar, Jerome -- Capogrosso, Marco -- Milekovic, Tomislav -- Asboth, Leonie -- Torres, Rafael Fajardo -- Vachicouras, Nicolas -- Liu, Qihan -- Pavlova, Natalia -- Duis, Simone -- Larmagnac, Alexandre -- Voros, Janos -- Micera, Silvestro -- Suo, Zhigang -- Courtine, Gregoire -- Lacour, Stephanie P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):159-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1260318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Microengineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. ; International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg, Russia. ; International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland. ; Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Microengineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland. ; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Switzerland. ; Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56025, Italy. ; International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Switzerland. gregoire.courtine@epfl.ch stephanie.lacour@epfl.ch. ; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Microengineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. gregoire.courtine@epfl.ch stephanie.lacour@epfl.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Drug Delivery Systems/*methods ; *Dura Mater ; Elasticity ; Electric Stimulation/*methods ; Electrochemotherapy/*methods ; *Electrodes, Implanted ; Locomotion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Motor Cortex/physiopathology ; Multimodal Imaging ; Neurons/physiology ; Paralysis/etiology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Platinum ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Silicon ; Spinal Cord/physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications/physiopathology/*therapy
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    Wildfires burn science capacity (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Topik, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1263. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Christopher Topik is the director of Restoring America's Forests at The Nature Conservancy North America Region, Arlington, VA. ctopik@tnc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disasters/*economics ; Federal Government ; Financial Management/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fires/*economics ; United States
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    Patrolling monocytes control tumor metastasis to the lung (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: The immune system plays an important role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Classical monocytes promote tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis, but how nonclassical "patrolling" monocytes (PMo) interact with tumors is unknown. Here we show that PMo are enriched in the microvasculature of the lung and reduce tumor metastasis to lung in multiple mouse metastatic tumor models. Nr4a1-deficient mice, which specifically lack PMo, showed increased lung metastasis in vivo. Transfer of Nr4a1-proficient PMo into Nr4a1-deficient mice prevented tumor invasion in the lung. PMo established early interactions with metastasizing tumor cells, scavenged tumor material from the lung vasculature, and promoted natural killer cell recruitment and activation. Thus, PMo contribute to cancer immunosurveillance and may be targets for cancer immunotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanna, Richard N -- Cekic, Caglar -- Sag, Duygu -- Tacke, Robert -- Thomas, Graham D -- Nowyhed, Heba -- Herrley, Erica -- Rasquinha, Nicole -- McArdle, Sara -- Wu, Runpei -- Peluso, Esther -- Metzger, Daniel -- Ichinose, Hiroshi -- Shaked, Iftach -- Chodaczek, Grzegorz -- Biswas, Subhra K -- Hedrick, Catherine C -- F32 HL117533-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA202987/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL118765/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):985-90. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9407. Epub 2015 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. rhanna@lji.org hedrick@lji.org. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. ; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. ; Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France. ; Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan. ; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunologic Surveillance/*immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lung Neoplasms/*immunology/*secondary/therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Monocytes/*immunology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/secondary ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
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    K2P channel gating mechanisms revealed by structures of TREK-2 and a complex with Prozac (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: TREK-2 (KCNK10/K2P10), a two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel, is gated by multiple stimuli such as stretch, fatty acids, and pH and by several drugs. However, the mechanisms that control channel gating are unclear. Here we present crystal structures of the human TREK-2 channel (up to 3.4 angstrom resolution) in two conformations and in complex with norfluoxetine, the active metabolite of fluoxetine (Prozac) and a state-dependent blocker of TREK channels. Norfluoxetine binds within intramembrane fenestrations found in only one of these two conformations. Channel activation by arachidonic acid and mechanical stretch involves conversion between these states through movement of the pore-lining helices. These results provide an explanation for TREK channel mechanosensitivity, regulation by diverse stimuli, and possible off-target effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor Prozac.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, Yin Yao -- Pike, Ashley C W -- Mackenzie, Alexandra -- McClenaghan, Conor -- Aryal, Prafulla -- Dong, Liang -- Quigley, Andrew -- Grieben, Mariana -- Goubin, Solenne -- Mukhopadhyay, Shubhashish -- Ruda, Gian Filippo -- Clausen, Michael V -- Cao, Lishuang -- Brennan, Paul E -- Burgess-Brown, Nicola A -- Sansom, Mark S P -- Tucker, Stephen J -- Carpenter, Elisabeth P -- 084655/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092809/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1261512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. ; Pfizer Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK. ; OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. liz.carpenter@sgc.ox.ac.uk stephen.tucker@physics.ox.ac.uk. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. liz.carpenter@sgc.ox.ac.uk stephen.tucker@physics.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluoxetine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    RNA-Seq of single prostate CTCs implicates noncanonical Wnt signaling in antiandrogen resistance (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Prostate cancer is initially responsive to androgen deprivation, but the effectiveness of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors in recurrent disease is variable. Biopsy of bone metastases is challenging; hence, sampling circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may reveal drug-resistance mechanisms. We established single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of 77 intact CTCs isolated from 13 patients (mean six CTCs per patient), by using microfluidic enrichment. Single CTCs from each individual display considerable heterogeneity, including expression of AR gene mutations and splicing variants. Retrospective analysis of CTCs from patients progressing under treatment with an AR inhibitor, compared with untreated cases, indicates activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling (P = 0.0064). Ectopic expression of Wnt5a in prostate cancer cells attenuates the antiproliferative effect of AR inhibition, whereas its suppression in drug-resistant cells restores partial sensitivity, a correlation also evident in an established mouse model. Thus, single-cell analysis of prostate CTCs reveals heterogeneity in signaling pathways that could contribute to treatment failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, David T -- Zheng, Yu -- Wittner, Ben S -- Lee, Richard J -- Zhu, Huili -- Broderick, Katherine T -- Desai, Rushil -- Fox, Douglas B -- Brannigan, Brian W -- Trautwein, Julie -- Arora, Kshitij S -- Desai, Niyati -- Dahl, Douglas M -- Sequist, Lecia V -- Smith, Matthew R -- Kapur, Ravi -- Wu, Chin-Lee -- Shioda, Toshi -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- Ting, David T -- Toner, Mehmet -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- 2R01CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EB008047/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1351-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Prostate/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Receptors, Androgen/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Transcriptome ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Making the cut (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1456-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1456.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Organisms, Genetically Modified
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    Evolutionary ecology. Cycles of species replacement emerge from locally induced maternal effects on offspring behavior in a passerine bird (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An important question in ecology is how mechanistic processes occurring among individuals drive large-scale patterns of community formation and change. Here we show that in two species of bluebirds, cycles of replacement of one by the other emerge as an indirect consequence of maternal influence on offspring behavior in response to local resource availability. Sampling across broad temporal and spatial scales, we found that western bluebirds, the more competitive species, bias the birth order of offspring by sex in a way that influences offspring aggression and dispersal, setting the stage for rapid increases in population density that ultimately result in the replacement of their sister species. Our results provide insight into how predictable community dynamics can occur despite the contingency of local behavioral interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duckworth, Renee A -- Belloni, Virginia -- Anderson, Samantha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):875-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rad3@email.arizona.edu. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/analysis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Clutch Size ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Egg Yolk/chemistry ; Female ; Fires ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Population Density ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States
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    Control use of data to protect privacy (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Massive data collection by businesses and governments calls into question traditional methods for protecting privacy, underpinned by two core principles: (i) notice, that there should be no data collection system whose existence is secret, and (ii) consent, that data collected for one purpose not be used for another without user permission. But notice, designated as a fundamental privacy principle in a different era, makes little sense in situations where collection consists of lots and lots of small amounts of information, whereas consent is no longer realistic, given the complexity and number of decisions that must be made. Thus, efforts to protect privacy by controlling use of data are gaining more attention. I discuss relevant technology, policy, and law, as well as some examples that can illuminate the way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landau, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA. susan.landau@privacyink.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Security ; *Data Collection/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Informed Consent ; *Internet/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gate control of mechanical itch by a subpopulation of spinal cord interneurons (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Light mechanical stimulation of hairy skin can induce a form of itch known as mechanical itch. This itch sensation is normally suppressed by inputs from mechanoreceptors; however, in many forms of chronic itch, including alloknesis, this gating mechanism is lost. Here we demonstrate that a population of spinal inhibitory interneurons that are defined by the expression of neuropeptide Y::Cre (NPY::Cre) act to gate mechanical itch. Mice in which dorsal NPY::Cre-derived neurons are selectively ablated or silenced develop mechanical itch without an increase in sensitivity to chemical itch or pain. This chronic itch state is histamine-independent and is transmitted independently of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Thus, our studies reveal a dedicated spinal cord inhibitory pathway that gates the transmission of mechanical itch.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700934/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700934/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourane, Steeve -- Duan, Bo -- Koch, Stephanie C -- Dalet, Antoine -- Britz, Olivier -- Garcia-Campmany, Lidia -- Kim, Euiseok -- Cheng, Longzhen -- Ghosh, Anirvan -- Ma, Qiufu -- Goulding, Martyn -- NS072031/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS072040/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS080586/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS086372/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS072040/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS072031/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 067216/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS080586/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS086372/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):550-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. ; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Institute of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA. goulding@salk.edu qiufu_ma@dfci.harvard.edu. ; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. goulding@salk.edu qiufu_ma@dfci.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Hair/physiology ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Neural Inhibition ; Neuropeptide Y/genetics/physiology ; Pruritus/*physiopathology ; Skin/innervation ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided slicing specifies transcripts for Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA biogenesis (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: In animal gonads, PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins repress transposons sequence-specifically via bound Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These are processed from single-stranded precursor RNAs by largely unknown mechanisms. Here we show that primary piRNA biogenesis is a 3'-directed and phased process that, in the Drosophila germ line, is initiated by secondary piRNA-guided transcript cleavage. Phasing results from consecutive endonucleolytic cleavages catalyzed by Zucchini, implying coupled formation of 3' and 5' ends of flanking piRNAs. Unexpectedly, Zucchini also participates in 3' end formation of secondary piRNAs. Its function can, however, be bypassed by downstream piRNA-guided precursor cleavages coupled to exonucleolytic trimming. Our data uncover an evolutionarily conserved piRNA biogenesis mechanism in which Zucchini plays a central role in defining piRNA 5' and 3' ends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohn, Fabio -- Handler, Dominik -- Brennecke, Julius -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):812-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1039.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria. julius.brennecke@imba.oeaw.ac.at.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*enzymology/genetics ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Germ Cells/enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Ovary/enzymology ; *RNA Cleavage ; RNA, Guide/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Testis/enzymology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Uridine/metabolism
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    Judging synthetic biology risks (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitling, Rainer -- Takano, Eriko -- Gardner, Timothy S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):107. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rainer Breitling is a Professor of Systems Biology at the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. rainer.breitling@manchester.ac.uk. ; Eriko Takano is a Professor of Synthetic Biology and Co-Director of the Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. eriko.takano@manchester.ac.uk. ; Timothy S. Gardner is Chief Executive Officer of Riffyn, Inc., in Oakland, CA, USA, and an external expert to the European Commission Scientific Committees. tg@riffyn.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; European Union ; Risk Assessment/methods/standards ; Synthetic Biology/*trends ; United States
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    Cells of a common developmental origin regulate REM/non-REM sleep and wakefulness in mice (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: Mammalian sleep comprises rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. To functionally isolate from the complex mixture of neurons populating the brainstem pons those involved in switching between REM and NREM sleep, we chemogenetically manipulated neurons of a specific embryonic cell lineage in mice. We identified excitatory glutamatergic neurons that inhibit REM sleep and promote NREM sleep. These neurons shared a common developmental origin with neurons promoting wakefulness; both derived from a pool of proneural hindbrain cells expressing Atoh1 at embryonic day 10.5. We also identified inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing neurons that act downstream to inhibit REM sleep. Artificial reduction or prolongation of REM sleep in turn affected slow-wave activity during subsequent NREM sleep, implicating REM sleep in the regulation of NREM sleep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Yu -- Kashiwagi, Mitsuaki -- Yasuda, Kosuke -- Ando, Reiko -- Kanuka, Mika -- Sakai, Kazuya -- Itohara, Shigeyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):957-61. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1023. Epub 2015 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. hayashi.yu.fp@u.tsukuba.ac.jp sitohara@brain.riken.jp. ; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. ; Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ; Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France. ; Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. hayashi.yu.fp@u.tsukuba.ac.jp sitohara@brain.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Brain Stem/cytology/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Glutamates/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Pons/cytology/physiology ; Rhombencephalon/*cytology/*embryology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
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    Stem cell aging. A mitochondrial UPR-mediated metabolic checkpoint regulates hematopoietic stem cell aging (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: Deterioration of adult stem cells accounts for much of aging-associated compromised tissue maintenance. How stem cells maintain metabolic homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we identified a regulatory branch of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), which is mediated by the interplay of SIRT7 and NRF1 and is coupled to cellular energy metabolism and proliferation. SIRT7 inactivation caused reduced quiescence, increased mitochondrial protein folding stress (PFS(mt)), and compromised regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). SIRT7 expression was reduced in aged HSCs, and SIRT7 up-regulation improved the regenerative capacity of aged HSCs. These findings define the deregulation of a UPR(mt)-mediated metabolic checkpoint as a reversible contributing factor for HSC aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447312/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447312/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohrin, Mary -- Shin, Jiyung -- Liu, Yufei -- Brown, Katharine -- Luo, Hanzhi -- Xi, Yannan -- Haynes, Cole M -- Chen, Danica -- R01 AG040990/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG040061/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG000266/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1374-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA. ; Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. danicac@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Energy Metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1/*metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Unfolded Protein Response
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linked canopy, climate, and faunal change in the Cenozoic of Patagonia (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Vegetation structure is a key determinant of ecosystems and ecosystem function, but paleoecological techniques to quantify it are lacking. We present a method for reconstructing leaf area index (LAI) based on light-dependent morphology of leaf epidermal cells and phytoliths derived from them. Using this proxy, we reconstruct LAI for the Cenozoic (49 million to 11 million years ago) of middle-latitude Patagonia. Our record shows that dense forests opened up by the late Eocene; open forests and shrubland habitats then fluctuated, with a brief middle-Miocene regreening period. Furthermore, endemic herbivorous mammals show accelerated tooth crown height evolution during open, yet relatively grass-free, shrubland habitat intervals. Our Patagonian LAI record provides a high-resolution, sensitive tool with which to dissect terrestrial ecosystem response to changing Southern Ocean conditions during the Cenozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, Regan E -- Stromberg, Caroline A E -- Madden, Richard H -- Kohn, Matthew J -- Carlini, Alfredo A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1260947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. dunnr@u.washington.edu. ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. ; Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Shape ; Cell Size ; *Climate Change ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; *Forests ; Fossils ; Grassland ; Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants ; South America ; Time ; Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A mechanism for the segregation of age in mammalian neural stem cells (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Throughout life, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neurons in the mammalian brain. Using photobleaching experiments, we found that during cell division in vitro and within the developing mouse forebrain, NSCs generate a lateral diffusion barrier in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby promoting asymmetric segregation of cellular components. The diffusion barrier weakens with age and in response to impairment of lamin-associated nuclear envelope constituents. Weakening of the diffusion barrier disrupts asymmetric segregation of damaged proteins, a product of aging. Damaged proteins are asymmetrically inherited by the nonstem daughter cell in embryonic and young adult NSC divisions, whereas in the older adult brain, damaged proteins are more symmetrically distributed between progeny. Thus, these data identify a mechanism of how damage that accumulates with age is asymmetrically distributed during somatic stem cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, D L -- Pilz, G A -- Arauzo-Bravo, M J -- Barral, Y -- Jessberger, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1334-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain. ; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. jessberger@hifo.uzh.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; Diffusion ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/physiology/ultrastructure ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Lamin Type A/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Photobleaching ; Prosencephalon/cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Protein Transport
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    Memory. Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Memory consolidation is the process by which a newly formed and unstable memory transforms into a stable long-term memory. It is unknown whether the process of memory consolidation occurs exclusively through the stabilization of memory engrams. By using learning-dependent cell labeling, we identified an increase of synaptic strength and dendritic spine density specifically in consolidated memory engram cells. Although these properties are lacking in engram cells under protein synthesis inhibitor-induced amnesia, direct optogenetic activation of these cells results in memory retrieval, and this correlates with retained engram cell-specific connectivity. We propose that a specific pattern of connectivity of engram cells may be crucial for memory information storage and that strengthened synapses in these cells critically contribute to the memory retrieval process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, Tomas J -- Roy, Dheeraj S -- Pignatelli, Michele -- Arons, Autumn -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1007-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5542. Epub 2015 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. tonegawa@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia, Retrograde/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Amygdala/chemistry/physiopathology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Dendrites/chemistry/pathology/*physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/chemistry/pathology/physiopathology ; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis ; Luminescent Proteins/analysis ; Memory, Long-Term/*physiology ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Staining and Labeling ; Synapses/physiology
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    Lessons from the wild lab (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1302-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; Puma ; Ruminants ; United States ; Ursidae ; Wolves
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    Epilepsy treatment. Targeting LDH enzymes with a stiripentol analog to treat epilepsy (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: Neuronal excitation is regulated by energy metabolism, and drug-resistant epilepsy can be suppressed by special diets. Here, we report that seizures and epileptiform activity are reduced by inhibition of the metabolic pathway via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a component of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Inhibition of the enzyme LDH hyperpolarized neurons, which was reversed by the downstream metabolite pyruvate. LDH inhibition also suppressed seizures in vivo in a mouse model of epilepsy. We further found that stiripentol, a clinically used antiepileptic drug, is an LDH inhibitor. By modifying its chemical structure, we identified a previously unknown LDH inhibitor, which potently suppressed seizures in vivo. We conclude that LDH inhibitors are a promising new group of antiepileptic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sada, Nagisa -- Lee, Suni -- Katsu, Takashi -- Otsuki, Takemi -- Inoue, Tsuyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1362-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. ; Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan. ; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. tinoue@pharm.okayama-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Dioxolanes/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neurons/enzymology/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Safrole/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Seizures/*drug therapy ; Subthalamic Nucleus/enzymology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genes, circuits, and precision therapies for autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Research in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism suggests that several hundred genes are likely risk factors for these disorders. This heterogeneity presents a challenge and an opportunity at the same time. Although the exact identity of many of the genes remains to be discovered, genes identified to date encode proteins that play roles in certain conserved pathways: protein synthesis, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and synaptic signaling. The next generation of research in neurodevelopmental disorders must address the neural circuitry underlying the behavioral symptoms and comorbidities, the cell types playing critical roles in these circuits, and common intercellular signaling pathways that link diverse genes. Results from clinical trials have been mixed so far. Only when we can leverage the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders into precision medicine will the mechanism-based therapeutics for these disorders start to unlock success.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahin, Mustafa -- Sur, Mriganka -- EF1451125/PHS HHS/ -- EY007023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH085802/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS090473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P20 NS080199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS082320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263). pii: aab3897. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3897. Epub 2015 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu. ; Simons Center for the Social Brain, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/drug therapy/genetics ; Behavior ; Brain/growth & development/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genes ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Precision Medicine/*methods ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translational Medical Research
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    Tight junctions. Structural insight into tight junction disassembly by Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: The C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) can bind to specific claudins, resulting in the disintegration of tight junctions (TJs) and an increase in the paracellular permeability across epithelial cell sheets. Here we present the structure of mammalian claudin-19 in complex with C-CPE at 3.7 A resolution. The structure shows that C-CPE forms extensive hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with the two extracellular segments of claudin-19. The claudin-19/C-CPE complex shows no density of a short extracellular helix that is critical for claudins to assemble into TJ strands. The helix displacement may thus underlie C-CPE-mediated disassembly of TJs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saitoh, Yasunori -- Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Tani, Kazutoshi -- Nishikawa, Kouki -- Irie, Katsumasa -- Ogura, Yuki -- Tamura, Atsushi -- Tsukita, Sachiko -- Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):775-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1261833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Department of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. ; Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Department of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. yoshi@cespi.nagoya-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Claudins/*chemistry ; Enterotoxins/*chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Mice ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Tight Junctions/chemistry/*ultrastructure
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    Ocean plankton. Patterns and ecological drivers of ocean viral communities (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Viruses influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow. Here, we use quantitative double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) and whole viral community morphological data sets from 43 Tara Oceans expedition samples to assess viral community patterns and structure in the upper ocean. Protein cluster cataloging defined pelagic upper-ocean viral community pan and core gene sets and suggested that this sequence space is well-sampled. Analyses of viral protein clusters, populations, and morphology revealed biogeographic patterns whereby viral communities were passively transported on oceanic currents and locally structured by environmental conditions that affect host community structure. Together, these investigations establish a global ocean dsDNA viromic data set with analyses supporting the seed-bank hypothesis to explain how oceanic viral communities maintain high local diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brum, Jennifer R -- Ignacio-Espinoza, J Cesar -- Roux, Simon -- Doulcier, Guilhem -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Alberti, Adriana -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Cruaud, Corinne -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gasol, Josep M -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Gregory, Ann C -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Schwenck, Sarah M -- Speich, Sabrina -- Dimier, Celine -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261498. doi: 10.1126/science.1261498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 75230 Paris, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Uiversite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO-IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Metagenome/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*classification/genetics ; Seawater/*virology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viruses/*classification/genetics
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    Ebola virus. Two-pore channels control Ebola virus host cell entry and are drug targets for disease treatment (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Ebola virus causes sporadic outbreaks of lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans, but there is no currently approved therapy. Cells take up Ebola virus by macropinocytosis, followed by trafficking through endosomal vesicles. However, few factors controlling endosomal virus movement are known. Here we find that Ebola virus entry into host cells requires the endosomal calcium channels called two-pore channels (TPCs). Disrupting TPC function by gene knockout, small interfering RNAs, or small-molecule inhibitors halted virus trafficking and prevented infection. Tetrandrine, the most potent small molecule that we tested, inhibited infection of human macrophages, the primary target of Ebola virus in vivo, and also showed therapeutic efficacy in mice. Therefore, TPC proteins play a key role in Ebola virus infection and may be effective targets for antiviral therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakurai, Yasuteru -- Kolokoltsov, Andrey A -- Chen, Cheng-Chang -- Tidwell, Michael W -- Bauta, William E -- Klugbauer, Norbert -- Grimm, Christian -- Wahl-Schott, Christian -- Biel, Martin -- Davey, Robert A -- R01 AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):995-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. ; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. ; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. rdavey@txbiomed.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; BALB 3T3 Cells ; Benzylisoquinolines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*physiology ; Ebolavirus/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy/*therapy/virology ; Humans ; Macrophages/drug effects/virology ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; NADP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Verapamil/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Virus Internalization/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    BRAIN STRUCTURE. Cortical folding scales universally with surface area and thickness, not number of neurons (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: Larger brains tend to have more folded cortices, but what makes the cortex fold has remained unknown. We show that the degree of cortical folding scales uniformly across lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species, across individuals, and within individual cortices as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness. This relation is derived from the minimization of the effective free energy associated with cortical shape according to a simple physical model, based on known mechanisms of axonal elongation. This model also explains the scaling of the folding index of crumpled paper balls. We discuss the implications of this finding for the evolutionary and developmental origin of folding, including the newfound continuum between lissencephaly and gyrencephaly, and for pathologies such as human lissencephaly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mota, Bruno -- Herculano-Houzel, Suzana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):74-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Instituto Nacional de Neurociencia Translacional, INCT/MCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil. suzanahh@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; *Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/pathology ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*cytology/pathology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NEUROSCIENCE. Lifelong memories may reside in nets around brain cells (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):491-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6260.491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology ; Memory, Long-Term/*physiology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nerve Net/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Neurosciences ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Realizing the promise. Introduction (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Kristen L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):54-5. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6230.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*immunology/*therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
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    Immune tolerance. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells mediate intestinal selection of commensal bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cells (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: Inflammatory CD4(+) T cell responses to self or commensal bacteria underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively. Although selection of self-specific T cells in the thymus limits responses to mammalian tissue antigens, the mechanisms that control selection of commensal bacteria-specific T cells remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-intrinsic expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is regulated similarly to thymic epithelial cells and that MHCII(+) ILC3s directly induce cell death of activated commensal bacteria-specific T cells. Further, MHCII on colonic ILC3s was reduced in pediatric IBD patients. Collectively, these results define a selection pathway for commensal bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cells in the intestine and suggest that this process is dysregulated in human IBD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hepworth, Matthew R -- Fung, Thomas C -- Masur, Samuel H -- Kelsen, Judith R -- McConnell, Fiona M -- Dubrot, Juan -- Withers, David R -- Hugues, Stephanie -- Farrar, Michael A -- Reith, Walter -- Eberl, Gerard -- Baldassano, Robert N -- Laufer, Terri M -- Elson, Charles O -- Sonnenberg, Gregory F -- DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1031-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4812. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Medical Research Council, Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France. ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. gfsonnenberg@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Bacteria/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Colon/*microbiology ; Female ; Flagellin/genetics/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Symbiosis ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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    The brain's identity crisis (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):575-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*cytology ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cell Shape ; Humans ; Identity Crisis ; Interneurons/classification ; Mice ; Neuroanatomy/*methods ; Neurons/*classification ; Retina/cytology ; Silver Staining ; Visual Cortex/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness, constantly changes its dense variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat to avoid elimination by the immune system of its mammalian host, using an extensive repertoire of dedicated genes. However, the dynamics of VSG expression in T. brucei during an infection are poorly understood. We have developed a method, based on de novo assembly of VSGs, for quantitatively examining the diversity of expressed VSGs in any population of trypanosomes and monitored VSG population dynamics in vivo. Our experiments revealed unexpected diversity within parasite populations and a mechanism for diversifying the genome-encoded VSG repertoire. The interaction between T. brucei and its host is substantially more dynamic and nuanced than previously expected.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mugnier, Monica R -- Cross, George A M -- Papavasiliou, F Nina -- AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI097127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1470-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. papavasiliou@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigenic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/*immunology ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/*immunology
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    NEUROSCIENCE. Brain implant trials raise ethical concerns (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6240.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Humans ; Implantable Neurostimulators/*ethics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurosciences/*ethics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Neuroscience. Seeking tests for a contested brain disease (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):378-9. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Injury, Chronic/*diagnosis/pathology ; Football/*injuries ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Neuroimaging/*methods ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Universities ; tau Proteins/analysis
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    A European postdoc for the family (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandrian, Michelle Gabriele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):346. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michelle Gabriele Sandrian is now an assistant professor of ophthalmology and bioengineering at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Care ; Male ; *Parental Leave ; United States ; *Women, Working
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  • 171
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    Neuroscience. Can sound open the brain for therapies? (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Microbubbles ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology/therapy ; *Ultrasonic Therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Models. Models predict longer, deeper U.S. droughts (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):707. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6223.707.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Droughts ; *Global Warming ; Models, Theoretical ; United States
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  • 173
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    Environment and Development. Get the science right when paying for nature's services (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, S -- Ingram, J C -- Varga, A -- Agardy, T -- Barten, P -- Bennett, G -- Bloomgarden, E -- Bremer, L L -- Burkill, P -- Cattau, M -- Ching, C -- Colby, M -- Cook, D C -- Costanza, R -- DeClerck, F -- Freund, C -- Gartner, T -- Goldman-Benner, R -- Gunderson, J -- Jarrett, D -- Kinzig, A P -- Kiss, A -- Koontz, A -- Kumar, P -- Lasky, J R -- Masozera, M -- Meyers, D -- Milano, F -- Naughton-Treves, L -- Nichols, E -- Olander, L -- Olmsted, P -- Perge, E -- Perrings, C -- Polasky, S -- Potent, J -- Prager, C -- Quetier, F -- Redford, K -- Saterson, K -- Thoumi, G -- Vargas, M T -- Vickerman, S -- Weisser, W -- Wilkie, D -- Wunder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1206-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1403. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Guidelines as Topic ; Policy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The structure of the dynactin complex and its interaction with dynein (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Dynactin is an essential cofactor for the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1. We report the structure of the 23-subunit dynactin complex by cryo-electron microscopy to 4.0 angstroms. Our reconstruction reveals how dynactin is built around a filament containing eight copies of the actin-related protein Arp1 and one of beta-actin. The filament is capped at each end by distinct protein complexes, and its length is defined by elongated peptides that emerge from the alpha-helical shoulder domain. A further 8.2 angstrom structure of the complex between dynein, dynactin, and the motility-inducing cargo adaptor Bicaudal-D2 shows how the translational symmetry of the dynein tail matches that of the dynactin filament. The Bicaudal-D2 coiled coil runs between dynein and dynactin to stabilize the mutually dependent interactions between all three components.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urnavicius, Linas -- Zhang, Kai -- Diamant, Aristides G -- Motz, Carina -- Schlager, Max A -- Yu, Minmin -- Patel, Nisha A -- Robinson, Carol V -- Carter, Andrew P -- 100387/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1011/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT100387/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1441-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4080. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. cartera@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry ; Animals ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*chemistry ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Swine
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    ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Accelerators and ecosystems (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochberg, Yael V -- Fehder, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1202-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hochberg@rice.edu. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Entrepreneurship ; Software
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    RETROSPECTIVE. Eric Davidson (1937-2015) (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erwin, Douglas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):517. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. erwind@si.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developmental Biology/*history ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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    Chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity requires formyl peptide receptor 1 (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Antitumor immunity driven by intratumoral dendritic cells contributes to the efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in cancer. We identified a loss-of-function allele of the gene coding for formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) that was associated with poor metastasis-free and overall survival in breast and colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects of anthracyclines were abrogated in tumor-bearing Fpr1(-/-) mice due to impaired antitumor immunity. Fpr1-deficient dendritic cells failed to approach dying cancer cells and, as a result, could not elicit antitumor T cell immunity. Experiments performed in a microfluidic device confirmed that FPR1 and its ligand, annexin-1, promoted stable interactions between dying cancer cells and human or murine leukocytes. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of FPR1 in chemotherapy-induced anticancer immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vacchelli, Erika -- Ma, Yuting -- Baracco, Elisa E -- Sistigu, Antonella -- Enot, David P -- Pietrocola, Federico -- Yang, Heng -- Adjemian, Sandy -- Chaba, Kariman -- Semeraro, Michaela -- Signore, Michele -- De Ninno, Adele -- Lucarini, Valeria -- Peschiaroli, Francesca -- Businaro, Luca -- Gerardino, Annamaria -- Manic, Gwenola -- Ulas, Thomas -- Gunther, Patrick -- Schultze, Joachim L -- Kepp, Oliver -- Stoll, Gautier -- Lefebvre, Celine -- Mulot, Claire -- Castoldi, Francesca -- Rusakiewicz, Sylvie -- Ladoire, Sylvain -- Apetoh, Lionel -- Bravo-San Pedro, Jose Manuel -- Lucattelli, Monica -- Delarasse, Cecile -- Boige, Valerie -- Ducreux, Michel -- Delaloge, Suzette -- Borg, Christophe -- Andre, Fabrice -- Schiavoni, Giovanna -- Vitale, Ilio -- Laurent-Puig, Pierre -- Mattei, Fabrizio -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Kroemer, Guido -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):972-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0779. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. ; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France. ; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. ; Italian National Research Council, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Rome, Italy. ; Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Center Institute, University of Bonn, Germany. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. ; Universite Paris Sorbonne Cite, UMRS 775, INSERM, Paris, France. INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France. Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France. Centre Georges Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France. ; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. ; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, ICM CNRS UMR 7225 - INSERM U 1127 - UPMC-P6 UMR S 1127, Equipe Neurogenetique et Physiologie Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, 47, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France. ; INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France. ; Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France. ; INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. Department of Breast Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; University of Franche-Comte, INSERM 1098, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France. Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. ; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy. ; Universite Paris Sorbonne Cite, UMRS 775, INSERM, Paris, France. INSERM U1147, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB) EPIGENETIC, Paris, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France. kroemer@orange.fr laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr. ; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. INSERM, U1138, Paris, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. kroemer@orange.fr laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Annexin A1/metabolism/pharmacology ; Anthracyclines/*therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Leukocytes/drug effects/immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Disease tolerance mediated by microbiome E. coli involves inflammasome and IGF-1 signaling (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Infections and inflammation can lead to cachexia and wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue by as yet poorly understood mechanisms. We observed that gut colonization of mice by a strain of Escherichia coli prevents wasting triggered by infections or physical damage to the intestine. During intestinal infection with the pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium or pneumonic infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, the presence of this E. coli did not alter changes in host metabolism, caloric uptake, or inflammation but instead sustained signaling of the insulin-like growth factor 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle, which is required for prevention of muscle wasting. This effect was dependent on engagement of the NLRC4 inflammasome. Therefore, this commensal promotes tolerance to diverse diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732872/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732872/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schieber, Alexandria M Palaferri -- Lee, Yujung Michelle -- Chang, Max W -- Leblanc, Mathias -- Collins, Brett -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- Ayres, Janelle S -- CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK0577978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI114929/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI114929/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):558-63. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6468.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. jayres@salk.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Burkholderia ; Burkholderia Infections/complications ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Inflammasomes/*immunology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Microbiota ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Salmonella Infections/complications ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Wasting Syndrome/etiology/*immunology/*microbiology
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    CTCF establishes discrete functional chromatin domains at the Hox clusters during differentiation (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins encode the epigenetic memory of cellular positional identity by establishing inheritable domains of repressive and active chromatin within the Hox clusters. Here we demonstrate that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions to insulate these adjacent yet antagonistic chromatin domains during embryonic stem cell differentiation into cervical motor neurons. Deletion of CTCF binding sites within the Hox clusters results in the expansion of active chromatin into the repressive domain. CTCF functions as an insulator by organizing Hox clusters into spatially disjoint domains. Ablation of CTCF binding disrupts topological boundaries such that caudal Hox genes leave the repressed domain and become subject to transcriptional activation. Hence, CTCF is required to insulate facultative heterochromatin from impinging euchromatin to produce discrete positional identities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narendra, Varun -- Rocha, Pedro P -- An, Disi -- Raviram, Ramya -- Skok, Jane A -- Mazzoni, Esteban O -- Reinberg, Danny -- GM-64844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37-37120/PHS HHS/ -- T32 GM007238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1017-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1262088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Multigene Family ; Neck ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Gene expression. MicroRNA control of protein expression noise (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the expression of many genes in metazoans by accelerating messenger RNA degradation and inhibiting translation, thereby reducing the level of protein. However, miRNAs only slightly reduce the mean expression of most targeted proteins, leading to speculation about their role in the variability, or noise, of protein expression. We used mathematical modeling and single-cell reporter assays to show that miRNAs, in conjunction with increased transcription, decrease protein expression noise for lowly expressed genes but increase noise for highly expressed genes. Genes that are regulated by multiple miRNAs show more-pronounced noise reduction. We estimate that hundreds of (lowly expressed) genes in mouse embryonic stem cells have reduced noise due to substantial miRNA regulation. Our findings suggest that miRNAs confer precision to protein expression and thus offer plausible explanations for the commonly observed combinatorial targeting of endogenous genes by multiple miRNAs, as well as the preferential targeting of lowly expressed genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmiedel, Jorn M -- Klemm, Sandy L -- Zheng, Yannan -- Sahay, Apratim -- Bluthgen, Nils -- Marks, Debora S -- van Oudenaarden, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):128-32. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. ; Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universitat, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu. ; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands. nils.bluethgen@charite.de debbie@hms.harvard.edu a.vanoudenaarden@hubrecht.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Cell nonautonomous activation of flavin-containing monooxygenase promotes longevity and health span (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) increases life span and health span in nematodes through an unknown mechanism. We report that neuronal stabilization of HIF-1 mediates these effects in Caenorhabditis elegans through a cell nonautonomous signal to the intestine, which results in activation of the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase-2 (FMO-2). This prolongevity signal requires the serotonin biosynthetic enzyme TPH-1 in neurons and the serotonin receptor SER-7 in the intestine. Intestinal FMO-2 is also activated by dietary restriction (DR) and is necessary for DR-mediated life-span extension, which suggests that this enzyme represents a point of convergence for two distinct longevity pathways. FMOs are conserved in eukaryotes and induced by multiple life span-extending interventions in mice, which suggests that these enzymes may play a critical role in promoting health and longevity across phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leiser, Scott F -- Miller, Hillary -- Rossner, Ryan -- Fletcher, Marissa -- Leonard, Alison -- Primitivo, Melissa -- Rintala, Nicholas -- Ramos, Fresnida J -- Miller, Dana L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R00AGA0033050/PHS HHS/ -- R01AG038518/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32AG000057/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9257. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Diet ; Intestines/*enzymology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oxygenases/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Stability ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Why science? Why AAAS? (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Rush D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):807. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9126. Epub 2015 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rush D. Holt is Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Science/*trends ; Societies ; United States
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    Outside the tower. Bringing science inside prison walls (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeRoy, Carri J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):511. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6234.511-b. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sustainability in Prisons Project, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505, USA. LeRoyC@evergreen.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Prisoners/*education ; Prisons/*education ; Science/*education ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human oocytes. Error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly favors chromosome segregation defects in human oocytes (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Aneuploidy in human eggs is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and several genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Most aneuploidy results from chromosome segregation errors during the meiotic divisions of an oocyte, the egg's progenitor cell. The basis for particularly error-prone chromosome segregation in human oocytes is not known. We analyzed meiosis in more than 100 live human oocytes and identified an error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly mechanism as a major contributor to chromosome segregation defects. Human oocytes assembled a meiotic spindle independently of either centrosomes or other microtubule organizing centers. Instead, spindle assembly was mediated by chromosomes and the small guanosine triphosphatase Ran in a process requiring ~16 hours. This unusually long spindle assembly period was marked by intrinsic spindle instability and abnormal kinetochore-microtubule attachments, which favor chromosome segregation errors and provide a possible explanation for high rates of aneuploidy in human eggs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477045/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477045/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holubcova, Zuzana -- Blayney, Martyn -- Elder, Kay -- Schuh, Melina -- MC_U105192711/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1143-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge CB23 2TN, UK. ; Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. mschuh@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Segregation ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Organizing Center/metabolism ; Oocytes/*pathology ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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    Passing the CEO baton (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):587. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8081.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan I. Leshner is the Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Financial Support ; Publishing ; Science/*economics/*trends ; United States
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  • 186
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    Bridging the opinion gap (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):459. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7477. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alan I. Leshner is the Chief Executive Officer of AAAS and Executive Publisher of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Public Opinion ; *Science ; United States
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    MICROBIOME. Microbes aid cancer drugs (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):614-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6261.614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD274/antagonists & inhibitors ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; Burkholderia/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Mice ; Microbiota/genetics/*immunology ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; Probiotics/*therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology
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    What the "right to be forgotten" means for privacy in a digital age (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Despite the attention the right has received, we should not forget that it is just one innovative piece of a comprehensive privacy framework that must be implemented locally and enforced globally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, Abraham L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):507-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Associate Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. aln24@georgetown.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Data Collection ; Europe ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; Internationality ; *Internet/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: Growing up on a dairy farm protects children from allergy, hay fever, and asthma. A mechanism linking exposure to this endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)-rich environment with protection has remained elusive. Here we show that chronic exposure to low-dose endotoxin or farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Endotoxin reduced epithelial cell cytokines that activate dendritic cells (DCs), thus suppressing type 2 immunity to HDMs. Loss of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 in lung epithelium abolished the protective effect. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding A20 was associated with allergy and asthma risk in children growing up on farms. Thus, the farming environment protects from allergy by modifying the communication between barrier epithelial cells and DCs through A20 induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuijs, Martijn J -- Willart, Monique A -- Vergote, Karl -- Gras, Delphine -- Deswarte, Kim -- Ege, Markus J -- Madeira, Filipe Branco -- Beyaert, Rudi -- van Loo, Geert -- Bracher, Franz -- von Mutius, Erika -- Chanez, Pascal -- Lambrecht, Bart N -- Hammad, Hamida -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1106-10. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany. ; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ; Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be. ; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium. Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. hamida.hammad@ugent.be bart.lambrecht@ugent.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/prevention & control ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Dairying ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Dust/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Hypersensitivity/enzymology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology ; Lung/*enzymology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Pyroglyphidae/*immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*enzymology/immunology
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    Cleanup crew (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1058-9, 1061. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Approval ; Humans ; Immune System/immunology ; Mice ; Multiple Sclerosis/*therapy ; Myelin Sheath/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Suboptimization of developmental enhancers (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Transcriptional enhancers direct precise on-off patterns of gene expression during development. To explore the basis for this precision, we conducted a high-throughput analysis of the Otx-a enhancer, which mediates expression in the neural plate of Ciona embryos in response to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and a localized GATA determinant. We provide evidence that enhancer specificity depends on submaximal recognition motifs having reduced binding affinities ("suboptimization"). Native GATA and ETS (FGF) binding sites contain imperfect matches to consensus motifs. Perfect matches mediate robust but ectopic patterns of gene expression. The native sites are not arranged at optimal intervals, and subtle changes in their spacing alter enhancer activity. Multiple tiers of enhancer suboptimization produce specific, but weak, patterns of expression, and we suggest that clusters of weak enhancers, including certain "superenhancers," circumvent this trade-off in specificity and activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, Emma K -- Olson, Katrina M -- Zhang, Wei -- Brandt, Alexander J -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Levine, Michael S -- GM46638/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS076542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):325-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6948.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. msl2@princeton.edu ekfarley@princeton.edu. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0688, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Ciona intestinalis/genetics/*growth & development ; Consensus Sequence ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics/*physiology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*metabolism ; GATA Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity/genetics/physiology ; Otx Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    NIH research: think globally (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Collins, Francis S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):159. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Anthony S. Fauci is director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. afauci@niad.nih.gov. ; Francis S. Collins is director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. collinsf@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics/organization & administration ; Financing, Government ; *Global Health ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice did not respond to CTLA blockade. This defect was overcome by gavage with B. fragilis, by immunization with B. fragilis polysaccharides, or by adoptive transfer of B. fragilis-specific T cells. Fecal microbial transplantation from humans to mice confirmed that treatment of melanoma patients with antibodies against CTLA-4 favored the outgrowth of B. fragilis with anticancer properties. This study reveals a key role for Bacteroidales in the immunostimulatory effects of CTLA-4 blockade.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vetizou, Marie -- Pitt, Jonathan M -- Daillere, Romain -- Lepage, Patricia -- Waldschmitt, Nadine -- Flament, Caroline -- Rusakiewicz, Sylvie -- Routy, Bertrand -- Roberti, Maria P -- Duong, Connie P M -- Poirier-Colame, Vichnou -- Roux, Antoine -- Becharef, Sonia -- Formenti, Silvia -- Golden, Encouse -- Cording, Sascha -- Eberl, Gerard -- Schlitzer, Andreas -- Ginhoux, Florent -- Mani, Sridhar -- Yamazaki, Takahiro -- Jacquelot, Nicolas -- Enot, David P -- Berard, Marion -- Nigou, Jerome -- Opolon, Paule -- Eggermont, Alexander -- Woerther, Paul-Louis -- Chachaty, Elisabeth -- Chaput, Nathalie -- Robert, Caroline -- Mateus, Christina -- Kroemer, Guido -- Raoult, Didier -- Boneca, Ivo Gomperts -- Carbonnel, Franck -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- R01 CA161879/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079-84. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1329. Epub 2015 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Micalis-UMR1319, 78360 Jouy-en-Josas, France. ; University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunite de Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY, USA. ; Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. ; Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France. Universite de Toulouse, Universite Paul Sabatier, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Service de microbiologie, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, UMS 3655 CNRS/US 23 INSERM, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. INSERM U981, GRCC, Villejuif, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ; Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif, France. INSERM U848, Villejuif, France. Equipe 11 Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. Pole de Biologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Unite des Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Unit of Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, France. INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, France. ; University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Gastroenterology Department, Hopital Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. ; Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France. INSERM U1015, GRCC, Villejuif, France. University of Paris Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicetre, France. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Bacteroides/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life/immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunotherapy ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Melanoma/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Skin Neoplasms/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. Exceptionally low daily energy expenditure in the bamboo-eating giant panda (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: The carnivoran giant panda has a specialized bamboo diet, to which its alimentary tract is poorly adapted. Measurements of daily energy expenditure across five captive and three wild pandas averaged 5.2 megajoules (MJ)/day, only 37.7% of the predicted value (13.8 MJ/day). For the wild pandas, the mean was 6.2 MJ/day, or 45% of the mammalian expectation. Pandas achieve this exceptionally low expenditure in part by reduced sizes of several vital organs and low physical activity. In addition, circulating levels of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) averaged 46.9 and 64%, respectively, of the levels expected for a eutherian mammal of comparable size. A giant panda-unique mutation in the DUOX2 gene, critical for thyroid hormone synthesis, might explain these low thyroid hormone levels. A combination of morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic adaptations, leading to low energy expenditure, likely enables giant pandas to survive on a bamboo diet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nie, Yonggang -- Speakman, John R -- Wu, Qi -- Zhang, Chenglin -- Hu, Yibo -- Xia, Maohua -- Yan, Li -- Hambly, Catherine -- Wang, Lu -- Wei, Wei -- Zhang, Jinguo -- Wei, Fuwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):171-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China. ; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. weifw@ioz.ac.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Body Temperature ; Cattle ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; *Eating ; Energy Metabolism/genetics/*physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity ; NADPH Oxidase/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Sasa ; Thyroxine/blood ; Triiodothyronine/blood ; Ursidae/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    STEM CELLS. NIH debates human-animal chimeras (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):261-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Chimera ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Organ Transplantation ; Rats ; Stem Cell Research/*economics ; Swine ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Research funding. Big names or big ideas: do peer-review panels select the best science proposals? (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: This paper examines the success of peer-review panels in predicting the future quality of proposed research. We construct new data to track publication, citation, and patenting outcomes associated with more than 130,000 research project (R01) grants funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health from 1980 to 2008. We find that better peer-review scores are consistently associated with better research outcomes and that this relationship persists even when we include detailed controls for an investigator's publication history, grant history, institutional affiliations, career stage, and degree types. A one-standard deviation worse peer-review score among awarded grants is associated with 15% fewer citations, 7% fewer publications, 19% fewer high-impact publications, and 14% fewer follow-on patents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Danielle -- Agha, Leila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):434-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0185. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dli@hbs.edu lagha@bu.edu. ; Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dli@hbs.edu lagha@bu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Financing, Organized ; *Journal Impact Factor ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research/*trends ; United States
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  • 197
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    SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT. Yellow lights for emerging technologies (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charo, R Alta -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):384-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3885. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Law and School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA. alta.charo@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Consumer Participation ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Genetic Therapy ; *Government Regulation ; Inventions/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    DENGUE VIRUS. Cryo-EM structure of an antibody that neutralizes dengue virus type 2 by locking E protein dimers (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: There are four closely-related dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with one serotype generates antibodies that may cross-react and enhance infection with other serotypes in a secondary infection. We demonstrated that DENV serotype 2 (DENV2)-specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 2D22 is therapeutic in a mouse model of antibody-enhanced severe dengue disease. We determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HMAb 2D22 complexed with two different DENV2 strains. HMAb 2D22 binds across viral envelope (E) proteins in the dimeric structure, which probably blocks the E protein reorganization required for virus fusion. HMAb 2D22 "locks" two-thirds of or all dimers on the virus surface, depending on the strain, but neutralizes these DENV2 strains with equal potency. The epitope defined by HMAb 2D22 is a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672004/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672004/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibriansah, Guntur -- Ibarra, Kristie D -- Ng, Thiam-Seng -- Smith, Scott A -- Tan, Joanne L -- Lim, Xin-Ni -- Ooi, Justin S G -- Kostyuchenko, Victor A -- Wang, Jiaqi -- de Silva, Aravinda M -- Harris, Eva -- Crowe, James E Jr -- Lok, Shee-Mei -- K08 AI103038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI107731/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI065359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):88-91. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. sheemei.lok@duke-nus.edu.sg james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu. ; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore. sheemei.lok@duke-nus.edu.sg james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*ultrastructure ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*ultrastructure ; Coinfection/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dengue Virus/*immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epitopes/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Serogroup ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein structure. Crystal structures of translocator protein (TSPO) and mutant mimic of a human polymorphism (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: The 18-kilodalton translocator protein (TSPO), proposed to be a key player in cholesterol transport into mitochondria, is highly expressed in steroidogenic tissues, metastatic cancer, and inflammatory and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. TSPO ligands, including benzodiazepine drugs, are implicated in regulating apoptosis and are extensively used in diagnostic imaging. We report crystal structures (at 1.8, 2.4, and 2.5 angstrom resolution) of TSPO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and a mutant that mimics the human Ala(147)--〉Thr(147) polymorphism associated with psychiatric disorders and reduced pregnenolone production. Crystals obtained in the lipidic cubic phase reveal the binding site of an endogenous porphyrin ligand and conformational effects of the mutation. The three crystal structures show the same tightly interacting dimer and provide insights into the controversial physiological role of TSPO and how the mutation affects cholesterol binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Fei -- Liu, Jian -- Zheng, Yi -- Garavito, R Michael -- Ferguson-Miller, Shelagh -- ACB-12002/PHS HHS/ -- AGM-12006/PHS HHS/ -- GM094625/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM26916/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):555-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1260590.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. fergus20@msu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isoquinolines/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Porphyrins/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protoporphyrins/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA/chemistry/genetics ; Rhodobacter sphaeroides/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NEUROSCIENCE. It takes the world to understand the brain (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z Josh -- Luo, Liqun -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):42-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4120. Epub 2015 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. huangj@cshl.edu lluo@stanford.edu. ; HHMI/Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. huangj@cshl.edu lluo@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; China ; Europe ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Japan ; Neurosciences/*trends ; Republic of Korea ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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