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  • 1
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    Hybrid event beds dominated by transitional-flow facies: Character, distribution and significance in the Maastrichtian Springar Formation, north-west Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-13
    Description: Hybrid event beds, comprising clay-poor and clay-rich sandstone, are abundant in Maastrichtian-aged sandstones of the Springar Formation in the north-west Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea. This study focuses on an interval, informally referred to as the Lower Sandstone, which has been penetrated in five wells that are distributed along a 140 km downstream transect. Systematic variations in bed style within this stratigraphic interval are used to infer variation in flow behaviour in relatively proximal and distal settings, although individual beds were not correlated. The Lower Sandstone shows an overall reduction of total thickness, bed amalgamation, sand to mud ratio and grain size in distal wells. Turbidites dominated by clay-poor sandstone are at their most common in relatively proximal wells, whereas hybrid event beds are at their most common in distal wells. Hybrid event beds typically comprise a basal clay-poor sandstone (non-stratified or stratified) overlain by banded sandstone, with clay-rich non-stratified sandstone at the bed top. The dominant type of clay-poor sandstone at the base of these beds varies spatially; non-stratified sandstone is thickest and most common proximally, whereas stratified sandstones become dominant in distal wells. Stratified and banded sandstone record progressive deposition of the hybrid event bed. Thus, the facies succession within hybrid event beds records the longitudinal heterogeneity of flow behaviour within the depositional boundary layer; this layer changed from non-cohesive at the front, through a region of transitional behaviour (fluctuating non-cohesive and cohesive flow), to cohesive behaviour at the rear. Further, spatial variation in the dominant type of clay-poor sandstone at the bed base suggests that the front of the flow remained non-cohesive, and evolved from high-concentration and turbulence-suppressed to increasingly turbulent flow; this is thought to occur in response to deposition and declining sediment fall out. This research may be applicable to other hybrid event bed prone systems, and emphasises the dynamic nature of hybrid flows. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0037-0746
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3091
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Improving the parameters of a global ocean biogeochemical model via variational assimilation of in situ data at five time series stations (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-19
    Description: The global ocean biogeochemical models that are used in order to assess the ocean role in the global carbon cycle and estimate the impact of the climate change on marine ecosystems are getting more and more sophisticated. They now often account for several phytoplankton functional types that play particular roles in marine food webs and the ocean carbon cycle. These phytoplankton functional types have specific physiological characteristics, which are usually poorly known and therefore add uncertainties to model results. Indeed, this evolution in model complexity is not accompanied by a similar increase in the number and diversity of in situ data sets necessary for model calibration and evaluation. Thus, it is of primary importance to develop new methods to improve model performance using existing biogeochemical data sets, despite their current limitations. In this paper, we have optimized 45 physiological parameters of the PISCES global model, using a variational optimal control method. In order to bypass a global 3-D ocean variational assimilation, which would require enormous computation and memory storage, we have simplified the estimation procedure by assimilating monthly climatological in situ observations at five contrasted oceanographic stations of the JGOFS program in a 1-D version of the PISCES model. We began by estimating the weight matrix in the cost function by using heuristic considerations. Then we used this matrix to estimate the 45 parameters of the 1-D version of the PISCES model by assimilating the different monthly profiles (observed profiles at the five stations) in the same variational procedure on a time window of 1 year. This set of optimized parameters was then used in the standard 3-D global PISCES version to perform a 500 year global simulation. The results of both the standard and the optimized versions of the model were compared to satellite-derived chlorophyll-a images, which are an independent and global data set, showing that our approach leads to significant improvements in simulated surface chlorophyll-a in most of the regions of the world ocean. Besides demonstrating that we have improved the accuracy of the PISCES model, this study proposes a sound methodology that could be used to efficiently account for in situ data in biogeochemical ocean models.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Morphological defects in a novel Rdh10 mutant that has reduced retinoic acid biosynthesis and signaling (2012)
    Wiley
    In: Genesis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is necessary for proper patterning and morphogenesis during embryonic development. Tissue-specific RA signaling requires precise spatial and temporal synthesis of RA from retinal by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Raldh) and the conversion of retinol to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reducatase gene family (SDR). The SDR, retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), is a major contributor to retinal biosynthesis during mid-gestation. We have identified a missense mutation in the Rdh10 gene ( Rdh10 m366Asp ) using an N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea-induced forward genetic screen that result in reduced RA levels and signaling during embryonic development. Rdh10 m366Asp mutant embryos have unique phenotypes, such as edema, a massive midline facial cleft, and neurogenesis defects in the forebrain, that will allow the identification of novel RA functions. genesis, 1–9, 2012. © 2012 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Morphological defects in a novel Rdh10 mutant that has reduced retinoic acid biosynthesis and signaling (2012)
    Wiley
    In: Genesis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-04
    Description: Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is necessary for proper patterning and morphogenesis during embryonic development. Tissue-specific RA signaling requires precise spatial and temporal synthesis of RA from retinal by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Raldh) and the conversion of retinol to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reducatase gene family (SDR). The SDR, retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), is a major contributor to retinal biosynthesis during mid-gestation. We have identified a missense mutation in the Rdh10 gene ( Rdh10 m366Asp ) using an N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea-induced forward genetic screen that result in reduced RA levels and signaling during embryonic development. Rdh10 m366Asp mutant embryos have unique phenotypes, such as edema, a massive midline facial cleft, and neurogenesis defects in the forebrain, that will allow the identification of novel RA functions. genesis, 1–9, 2012. © 2012 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    cPLA2 activation contributes to lysosomal defects leading to impairment of autophagy after spinal cord injury (2019)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Endocranial capacity in an early hominid cranium from Sterkfontein, South Africa (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: Two- and three-dimensional computer imaging shows that endocranial capacity in an approximately 2.8- to 2.6-million-year-old early hominid cranium (Stw 505) from Sterkfontein, South Africa, tentatively assigned to Australopithecus africanus, is approximately 515 cubic centimeters. Although this is the largest endocranial capacity recorded for this species, it is still markedly less than anecdotal reports of endocranial capacity exceeding 600 cubic centimeters. No australopithecine has an endocranial capacity approaching, let alone exceeding, 600 cubic centimeters. Some currently accepted estimates of early hominid endocranial capacity may be inflated, suggesting that the tempo and mode of early hominid brain evolution may need reevaluation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conroy, G C -- Weber, G W -- Seidler, H -- Tobias, P V -- Kane, A -- Brunsden, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 12;280(5370):1730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Department of Anthropology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. conroyg@thalamus.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Models, Anatomic ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Conductance-controlled point functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: We used covalent attachments to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to fabricate single-molecule electronic devices. The technique does not rely on submicrometer lithography or precision mechanical manipulation, but instead uses circuit conductance to monitor and control covalent attachment to an electrically connected SWNT. Discrete changes in the circuit conductance revealed chemical processes happening in real time and allowed the SWNT sidewalls to be deterministically broken, reformed, and conjugated to target species. By controlling the chemistry through electronically controlled electrochemical potentials, we were able to achieve single chemical attachments. We routinely functionalized pristine, defect-free SWNTs at one, two, or more sites and demonstrated three-terminal devices in which a single attachment controls the electronic response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldsmith, Brett R -- Coroneus, John G -- Khalap, Vaikunth R -- Kane, Alexander A -- Weiss, Gregory A -- Collins, Philip G -- R01 GM078528-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R43 AI58365-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):77-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Electric Conductivity ; Electrochemistry ; *Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Space partitioning without territoriality in gannets (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Colonial breeding is widespread among animals. Some, such as eusocial insects, may use agonistic behavior to partition available foraging habitat into mutually exclusive territories; others, such as breeding seabirds, do not. We found that northern gannets, satellite-tracked from 12 neighboring colonies, nonetheless forage in largely mutually exclusive areas and that these colony-specific home ranges are determined by density-dependent competition. This segregation may be enhanced by individual-level public information transfer, leading to cultural evolution and divergence among colonies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakefield, Ewan D -- Bodey, Thomas W -- Bearhop, Stuart -- Blackburn, Jez -- Colhoun, Kendrew -- Davies, Rachel -- Dwyer, Ross G -- Green, Jonathan A -- Gremillet, David -- Jackson, Andrew L -- Jessopp, Mark J -- Kane, Adam -- Langston, Rowena H W -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Murray, Stuart -- Le Nuz, Melanie -- Patrick, Samantha C -- Peron, Clara -- Soanes, Louise M -- Wanless, Sarah -- Votier, Stephen C -- Hamer, Keith C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):68-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1236077. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. e.d.wakefield@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Breeding ; *Feeding Behavior ; *Homing Behavior ; Models, Biological ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Inflation-Fixation Method for Lipidomic Mapping of Lung Biopsies by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-20
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00165
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    High-content genome-wide RNAi screens identify regulators of parkin upstream of mitophagy (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-26
    Description: An increasing body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Recent studies of the Parkinson's disease associated genes PINK1 (ref. 2) and parkin (PARK2, ref. 3) indicate that they may act in a quality control pathway preventing the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here we elucidate regulators that have an impact on parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria with genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens coupled to high-content microscopy. Screening yielded gene candidates involved in diverse cellular processes that were subsequently validated in low-throughput assays. This led to characterization of TOMM7 as essential for stabilizing PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane following mitochondrial damage. We also discovered that HSPA1L (HSP70 family member) and BAG4 have mutually opposing roles in the regulation of parkin translocation. The screens revealed that SIAH3, found to localize to mitochondria, inhibits PINK1 accumulation after mitochondrial insult, reducing parkin translocation. Overall, our screens provide a rich resource to understand mitochondrial quality control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasson, Samuel A -- Kane, Lesley A -- Yamano, Koji -- Huang, Chiu-Hui -- Sliter, Danielle A -- Buehler, Eugen -- Wang, Chunxin -- Heman-Ackah, Sabrina M -- Hessa, Tara -- Guha, Rajarshi -- Martin, Scott E -- Youle, Richard J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):291-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12748. Epub 2013 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA [3]. ; 1] Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2]. ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. ; NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; HCT116 Cells ; HEK293 Cells ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; *Mitochondrial Degradation ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/analysis/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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