ALBERT

Description: Fungi play major roles in ecosystem processes, but the determinants of fungal diversity and biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. Using DNA metabarcoding data from hundreds of globally distributed soil samples, we demonstrate that fungal richness is decoupled from plant diversity. The plant-to-fungus richness ratio declines exponentially toward the poles. Climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, constitute the best predictors of fungal richness and community composition at the global scale. Fungi show similar latitudinal diversity gradients to other organisms, with several notable exceptions. These findings advance our understanding of global fungal diversity patterns and permit integration of fungi into a general macroecological framework.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tedersoo, Leho -- Bahram, Mohammad -- Polme, Sergei -- Koljalg, Urmas -- Yorou, Nourou S -- Wijesundera, Ravi -- Villarreal Ruiz, Luis -- Vasco-Palacios, Aida M -- Thu, Pham Quang -- Suija, Ave -- Smith, Matthew E -- Sharp, Cathy -- Saluveer, Erki -- Saitta, Alessandro -- Rosas, Miguel -- Riit, Taavi -- Ratkowsky, David -- Pritsch, Karin -- Poldmaa, Kadri -- Piepenbring, Meike -- Phosri, Cherdchai -- Peterson, Marko -- Parts, Kaarin -- Partel, Kadri -- Otsing, Eveli -- Nouhra, Eduardo -- Njouonkou, Andre L -- Nilsson, R Henrik -- Morgado, Luis N -- Mayor, Jordan -- May, Tom W -- Majuakim, Luiza -- Lodge, D Jean -- Lee, Su See -- Larsson, Karl-Henrik -- Kohout, Petr -- Hosaka, Kentaro -- Hiiesalu, Indrek -- Henkel, Terry W -- Harend, Helery -- Guo, Liang-dong -- Greslebin, Alina -- Grelet, Gwen -- Geml, Jozsef -- Gates, Genevieve -- Dunstan, William -- Dunk, Chris -- Drenkhan, Rein -- Dearnaley, John -- De Kesel, Andre -- Dang, Tan -- Chen, Xin -- Buegger, Franz -- Brearley, Francis Q -- Bonito, Gregory -- Anslan, Sten -- Abell, Sandra -- Abarenkov, Kessy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1256688. doi: 10.1126/science.1256688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. leho.tedersoo@ut.ee. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. ; Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. ; Faculte d'Agronomie, Universite de Parakou, Parakou, Benin. ; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka. ; Postgrado en Recursos Geneticos y Productividad-Genetica, LARGEMBIO, Colegio de Postgraduados-Lineas Prioritarias de Investigacion 6, Mexico City, Mexico. ; The Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam. ; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. ; Natural History Museum, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. ; Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Universita di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. ; Department of Mycology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. ; Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. ; Department of Biology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand. ; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal, Cordoba, Argentina. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon. ; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden. ; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden. ; Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Center for Forest Mycology Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture--Forest Service, Luquillo, Puerto Rico. ; Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. ; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. ; Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas-Facultad de Cs. Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia SJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. ; Ecosystems and Global Change team, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. ; School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia. ; Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia. ; Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. ; Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium. ; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiag University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. ; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davison, J -- Moora, M -- Opik, M -- Adholeya, A -- Ainsaar, L -- Ba, A -- Burla, S -- Diedhiou, A G -- Hiiesalu, I -- Jairus, T -- Johnson, N C -- Kane, A -- Koorem, K -- Kochar, M -- Ndiaye, C -- Partel, M -- Reier, U -- Saks, U -- Singh, R -- Vasar, M -- Zobel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ; Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. ; Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Mediterraneennes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Universite des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement-Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles-Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Departement de Biologie Vegetale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. ; TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉