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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-06-13
    Description: To identify a novel susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes, we performed an imputation-based, genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a Japanese population using newly obtained imputed-genotype data for 2 229 890 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) estimated from previously reported, directly genotyped GWAS data in the same samples (stage 1: 4470 type 2 diabetes versus 3071 controls). We directly genotyped 43 new SNPs with P -values of 〈10 –4 in a part of stage-1 samples (2692 type 2 diabetes versus 3071 controls), and the associations of validated SNPs were evaluated in another 11 139 Japanese individuals (stage 2: 7605 type 2 diabetes versus 3534 controls). Combined meta-analysis using directly genotyped data for stages 1 and 2 revealed that rs515071 in ANK1 and rs7656416 near MGC21675 were associated with type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population at the genome-wide significant level ( P 〈 5 x 10 –8 ). The association of rs515071 was also observed in European GWAS data (combined P for all populations = 6.14 x 10 –10 ). Rs7656416 was in linkage disequilibrium to rs6815464, which had recently been identified as a top signal in a meta-analysis of East Asian GWAS for type 2 diabetes ( r 2 = 0.76 in stage 2). The association of rs7656416 with type 2 diabetes disappeared after conditioning on rs6815464. These results indicate that the ANK1 locus is a new, common susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes across different ethnic groups. The signal of association was weaker in the directly genotyped data, so the improvement in signal indicates the importance of imputation in this particular case.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Article By magnetic-doping, the electronic band structure of a topological insulator can be significantly altered to yield functional behaviour. Here, the authors demonstrate a large photocurrent response, and its control, under zero-bias in an optimally-designed magnetically-doped topological insulator thin film. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms12246 Authors: N. Ogawa, R. Yoshimi, K. Yasuda, A. Tsukazaki, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Description: Nature Physics 12, 555 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphys3671 Authors: K. Yasuda, R. Wakatsuki, T. Morimoto, R. Yoshimi, A. Tsukazaki, K. S. Takahashi, M. Ezawa, M. Kawasaki, N. Nagaosa & Y. Tokura Geometry, both in momentum and in real space, plays an important role in the electronic dynamics of condensed matter systems. Among them, the Berry phase associated with nontrivial geometry can be an origin of the transverse motion of electrons, giving rise to various geometric effects such as the anomalous, spin and topological Hall effects. Here, we report two unconventional manifestations of Hall physics: a sign-reversal of the anomalous Hall effect, and the emergence of a topological Hall effect in magnetic/non-magnetic topological insulator heterostructures, Crx(Bi1−ySby)2−xTe3/(Bi1−ySby)2Te3. The sign-reversal in the anomalous Hall effect is driven by a Rashba splitting at the bulk bands, which is caused by the broken spatial inversion symmetry. Instead, the topological Hall effect arises in a wide temperature range below the Curie temperature, in a region where the magnetic-field dependence of the Hall resistance largely deviates from the magnetization. Its origin is assigned to the formation of a Néel-type skyrmion induced by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction.
    Print ISSN: 1745-2473
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-2481
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-03
    Description: The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is comprised of a three-tiered kinase cascade. The distributive kinetic mechanism of two-site MAP kinase phosphorylation inherently generates a nonlinear switch-like response. However, a linear graded response of MAP kinase has also been observed in mammalian cells, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. To dissect these input-output behaviors, we quantitatively measured the kinetic parameters involved in the MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase)-ERK MAP kinase signaling module in HeLa cells. Using a numerical analysis based on experimentally determined parameters, we predicted in silico and validated in vivo that ERK is processively phosphorylated in HeLa cells. Finally, we identified molecular crowding as a critical factor that converts distributive phosphorylation into processive phosphorylation. We proposed the term quasi-processive phosphorylation to describe this mode of ERK phosphorylation that is operated under the physiological condition of molecular crowding. The generality of this phenomenon may provide a new paradigm for a diverse set of biochemical reactions including multiple posttranslational modifications.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-09-22
    Description: This paper focuses on grain motion during superplastic deformation in TZP (Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal) ceramics. After estimation theory for random force was developed, the kinetic data of grains were stochastically analyzed, and random force acting on grains was estimated: At an earlier stage of superplastic deformation, distribution of random force differs between the loading direction and its normal direction. As superplastic deformation advances, however, it becomes identical in two directions. Such the change in the random force is discussed in terms of constraint by surrounding grains.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-04-29
    Description: After the vertebrate lens is induced from head ectoderm, lens-specific genes are expressed. Transcriptional regulation of the lens-specific alphaA-crystallin gene is controlled by an enhancer element, alphaCE2. A gene encoding an alphaCE2-binding protein, L-maf(lens-specific maf), was isolated. L-maf expression is initiated in the lens placode and is restricted to lens cells. The gene product L-Maf regulates the expression of multiple genes expressed in the lens, and ectopic expression of this transcription factor converts chick embryonic ectodermal cells and cultured cells into lens fibers. Thus, vertebrate lens induction and differentiation can be triggered by the activation of L-Maf.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogino, H -- Yasuda, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 3;280(5360):115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Crystallins/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Ectoderm ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; G-Box Binding Factors ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Reporter ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics ; Lens, Crystalline/*cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Maf Transcription Factors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Dorsal and ventral aspects of the eye are distinct from the early stages of development. The developing eye cup grows dorsally, and the choroidal fissure is formed on its ventral side. Retinal axons from the dorsal and ventral retina project to the ventral and dorsal tectum, respectively. Misexpression of the Tbx5 gene induced dorsalization of the ventral side of the eye and altered projections of retinal ganglion cell axons. Thus, Tbx5 is involved in eye morphogenesis and is a topographic determinant of the visual projections between retina and tectum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba-Takeuchi, K -- Takeuchi, J K -- Matsumoto, K -- Momose, T -- Uno, K -- Hoepker, V -- Ogura, K -- Takahashi, N -- Nakamura, H -- Yasuda, K -- Ogura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan 630-0101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Avian Proteins ; Axons/*ultrastructure ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Electroporation ; Ephrin-B1 ; Ephrin-B2 ; Eye/*embryology ; Gene Expression ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; PAX2 Transcription Factor ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/embryology/metabolism ; Retina/*embryology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/ultrastructure ; Superior Colliculi/*embryology ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: Mammalian sleep comprises rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. To functionally isolate from the complex mixture of neurons populating the brainstem pons those involved in switching between REM and NREM sleep, we chemogenetically manipulated neurons of a specific embryonic cell lineage in mice. We identified excitatory glutamatergic neurons that inhibit REM sleep and promote NREM sleep. These neurons shared a common developmental origin with neurons promoting wakefulness; both derived from a pool of proneural hindbrain cells expressing Atoh1 at embryonic day 10.5. We also identified inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing neurons that act downstream to inhibit REM sleep. Artificial reduction or prolongation of REM sleep in turn affected slow-wave activity during subsequent NREM sleep, implicating REM sleep in the regulation of NREM sleep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Yu -- Kashiwagi, Mitsuaki -- Yasuda, Kosuke -- Ando, Reiko -- Kanuka, Mika -- Sakai, Kazuya -- Itohara, Shigeyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):957-61. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1023. Epub 2015 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. hayashi.yu.fp@u.tsukuba.ac.jp sitohara@brain.riken.jp. ; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. ; Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ; Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France. ; Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. hayashi.yu.fp@u.tsukuba.ac.jp sitohara@brain.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Brain Stem/cytology/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Glutamates/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Pons/cytology/physiology ; Rhombencephalon/*cytology/*embryology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-09-29
    Description: Author(s): K. Yasuda, A. Tsukazaki, R. Yoshimi, K. Kondou, K. S. Takahashi, Y. Otani, M. Kawasaki, and Y. Tokura The current-nonlinear Hall effect or second harmonic Hall voltage is widely used as one of the methods for estimating charge-spin conversion efficiency, which is attributed to the magnetization oscillation by spin-orbit torque (SOT). Here, we argue the second harmonic Hall voltage under a large in-p... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 137204] Published Thu Sep 28, 2017
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-09-15
    Description: Author(s): K. Yasuda, A. Tsukazaki, R. Yoshimi, K. S. Takahashi, M. Kawasaki, and Y. Tokura We report current-direction dependent or unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) in magnetic or nonmagnetic topological insulator (TI) heterostructures, Cr x ( Bi 1 − y Sb y ) 2 − x Te 3 / ( Bi 1 − y Sb y ) 2 Te 3 , that is several orders of magnitude larger than in other reported systems. From the magnetic field and temperatu… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 127202] Published Wed Sep 14, 2016
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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