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  • 1
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    Osteoblastic lysosome plays a central role in mineralization (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Mineralization is the most fundamental process in vertebrates. It is predominantly mediated by osteoblasts, which secrete mineral precursors, most likely through matrix vesicles (MVs). These vesicular structures are calcium and phosphate rich and contain organic material such as acidic proteins. However, it remains largely unknown how intracellular MVs are transported and secreted. Here, we use scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscopy and super-resolution microscopy for assessing live osteoblasts in mineralizing conditions at a nanolevel resolution. We found that the calcium-containing vesicles were multivesicular bodies containing MVs. They were transported via lysosome and secreted by exocytosis. Thus, we present proof that the lysosome transports amorphous calcium phosphate within mineralizing osteoblasts.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Bacillus subtilis degSU operon is regulated by the ClpXP-Spx regulated proteolysis system (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-29
    Description: The DegS-DegU two-component regulatory system regulates many cellular events in Bacillus subtilis . Genes for DegSU constitutes an operon directed by the P1 promoter and downstream degU is autoregulated via the P3 promoter activated by phosphorylated DegU. In the Gram-positive bacteria, Spx plays a major role in the protection system against oxidative stresses as a transcriptional regulator. Spx is a substrate of the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease. It regulates diamide-stress regulon in addition to many genes with unknown functions. We have found that null mutations for clpX and clpP , which encode the subunits for the protease ClpXP, enhanced the DegU level through activation of the P1 promoter. We isolated four suppressors for the clpP -enhancing effect. Whole-genome sequencing of the suppressors revealed that two have a point mutation in spx and the rest have a deletion of spx . The clpP -enhancing effect on degS-lacZ expression was abolished in the spx disruptant . These results show that the degSU operon is a new target of Spx-mediated positive regulation. Furthermore, we found that the P1 promoter was induced by glucose and that this induction was greatly reduced in the spx mutant. These results suggested that Spx-mediated glucose induction at the P1 promoter.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Biochemical Society (JBS).
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  • 3
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    Defining the Genome Features of Escherichia albertii, an Emerging Enteropathogen Closely Related to Escherichia coli (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-05
    Description: Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized close relative of Escherichia coli . This emerging enteropathogen possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement, similar to enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC). Shiga toxin-producing strains have also been identified. The genomic features of E. albertii , particularly differences from other Escherichia species, have not yet been well clarified. Here, we sequenced the genome of 29 E. albertii strains (3 complete and 26 draft sequences) isolated from multiple sources and performed intraspecies and intragenus genomic comparisons. The sizes of the E. albertii genomes range from 4.5 to 5.1 Mb, smaller than those of E. coli strains. Intraspecies genomic comparisons identified five phylogroups of E. albertii . Intragenus genomic comparison revealed that the possible core genome of E. albertii comprises 3,250 genes, whereas that of the genus Escherichia comprises 1,345 genes. Our analysis further revealed several unique or notable genetic features of E. albertii , including those responsible for known biochemical features and virulence factors and a possibly active second T3SS known as ETT2 ( E. coli T3SS 2) that is inactivated in E. coli . Although this organism has been observed to be nonmotile in vitro, genes for flagellar biosynthesis are fully conserved; chemotaxis-related genes have been selectively deleted. Based on these results, we have developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to directly detect E. albertii . Our data define the genomic features of E. albertii and provide a valuable basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Identifying possible tsunami deposits on the Shizuoka Plain, Japan and their correlation with earthquake activity over the past 4000 years (2013)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: Three washover sand beds, ranging from 15 to 34 cm in thickness, were recorded in a lagoonal mud sequence on the Shizuoka coast of central Japan, which faces the Suruga Trough. The sand beds were composed of well-sorted and well-rounded beach sand derived by a marine inundation. The basal erosion surface, mud clasts, and presence of both inverse and normal grading suggest that the sand beds formed as a result of high-energy deposition. The sand beds are multilayered, with fine alternations of sand sheets and mud drapes, which are consistent with deposition from a long-period wave train. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the three washover deposits are around ad 1000, 3565–3486 cal. yr BP, and 4000 cal. yr BP. Vertical changes in the diatom assemblages suggest a gradually increasing inflow of seawater up to the second sand bed, followed by a rapid change to freshwater conditions just above the bed. The gradual increase of seawater inflow begins again just above the second sand bed. We conclude that this series of sequential environmental changes indicates interseismic subsidence and coseismic uplift. The study area experienced around 1 m of uplift during the ad 1854 Ansei Tokai earthquake (M w 8.4). In contrast, the area has subsided gradually ( c. 6 mm/yr) during the present interseismic period. The youngest sand bed may be correlated with the ad 1096 Eicho earthquake, which caused severe damage along the Shizuoka coast.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 5
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    Genome Evolution and Plasticity of Serratia marcescens, an Important Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Serratia marcescens is an important nosocomial pathogen that can cause an array of infections, most notably of the urinary tract and bloodstream. Naturally, it is found in many environmental niches, and is capable of infecting plants and animals. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains producing extended-spectrum or metallo beta-lactamases now pose a threat to public health worldwide. Here we report the complete genome sequences of two carefully selected S. marcescens strains, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate (strain SM39) and an insect isolate (strain Db11). Our comparative analyses reveal the core genome of S. marcescens and define the potential metabolic capacity, virulence, and multidrug resistance of this species. We show a remarkable intraspecies genetic diversity, both at the sequence level and with regards genome flexibility, which may reflect the diversity of niches inhabited by members of this species. A broader analysis with other Serratia species identifies a set of approximately 3,000 genes that characterize the genus. Within this apparent genetic diversity, we identified many genes implicated in the high virulence potential and antibiotic resistance of SM39, including the metallo beta-lactamase and multiple other drug resistance determinants carried on plasmid pSMC1. We further show that pSMC1 is most closely related to plasmids circulating in Pseudomonas species. Our data will provide a valuable basis for future studies on S. marcescens and new insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie the emergence of pathogens highly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    ZIP10 is required for early B-cell survival [Immunology and Inflammation] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-13
    Description: The immune system is influenced by the vital zinc (Zn) status, and Zn deficiency triggers lymphopenia; however, the mechanisms underlying Zn-mediated lymphocyte maintenance remain elusive. Here we investigated ZIP10, a Zn transporter expressed in the early B-cell developmental process. Genetic ablation of Zip10 in early B-cell stages resulted in significant...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Tbx5 and the retinotectum projection (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Dorsal and ventral aspects of the eye are distinct from the early stages of development. The developing eye cup grows dorsally, and the choroidal fissure is formed on its ventral side. Retinal axons from the dorsal and ventral retina project to the ventral and dorsal tectum, respectively. Misexpression of the Tbx5 gene induced dorsalization of the ventral side of the eye and altered projections of retinal ganglion cell axons. Thus, Tbx5 is involved in eye morphogenesis and is a topographic determinant of the visual projections between retina and tectum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba-Takeuchi, K -- Takeuchi, J K -- Matsumoto, K -- Momose, T -- Uno, K -- Hoepker, V -- Ogura, K -- Takahashi, N -- Nakamura, H -- Yasuda, K -- Ogura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan 630-0101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Avian Proteins ; Axons/*ultrastructure ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Electroporation ; Ephrin-B1 ; Ephrin-B2 ; Eye/*embryology ; Gene Expression ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; PAX2 Transcription Factor ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/embryology/metabolism ; Retina/*embryology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/ultrastructure ; Superior Colliculi/*embryology ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Identification of a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Half a century ago, thalidomide was widely prescribed to pregnant women as a sedative but was found to be teratogenic, causing multiple birth defects. Today, thalidomide is still used in the treatment of leprosy and multiple myeloma, although how it causes limb malformation and other developmental defects is unknown. Here, we identified cereblon (CRBN) as a thalidomide-binding protein. CRBN forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and Cul4A that is important for limb outgrowth and expression of the fibroblast growth factor Fgf8 in zebrafish and chicks. Thalidomide initiates its teratogenic effects by binding to CRBN and inhibiting the associated ubiquitin ligase activity. This study reveals a basis for thalidomide teratogenicity and may contribute to the development of new thalidomide derivatives without teratogenic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takumi -- Ando, Hideki -- Suzuki, Takayuki -- Ogura, Toshihiko -- Hotta, Kentaro -- Imamura, Yoshimasa -- Yamaguchi, Yuki -- Handa, Hiroshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1345-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1177319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Research Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects ; Embryonic Development/drug effects ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Forelimb/abnormalities/embryology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Teratogens/metabolism/*toxicity ; Thalidomide/metabolism/*toxicity ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zebrafish/embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Climate science: Clouds of uncertainty (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shiogama, Hideo -- Ogura, Tomoo -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 2;505(7481):34-5. doi: 10.1038/505034a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Movements ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climate ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Simultaneous loss of phospholipase Cδ1 and phospholipase Cδ3 causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Simultaneous loss of phospholipase Cδ1 and phospholipase Cδ3 causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy Cell Death and Disease 5, e1215 (May 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.181 Authors: Y Nakamura, K Kanemaru, R Kojima, Y Hashimoto, T Marunouchi, N Oka, T Ogura, K Tanonaka & K Fukami
    Keywords: PLCcardiomyocytecardiac dilationremodeling
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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