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  • 1
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    Realistic implementation of ellipsoidal reflector antennas to produce near-field focused patterns (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-20
    Description: The radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal reflector antennas in the near zone of antenna aperture are investigated using Physical Optics (PO) approximations. This antenna has potential applications in the near-field communications because its radiation focuses in the near zone. Analytical formulations to predict the radiation efficiency and exhibit field phenomena are developed. Its applications as a RFID reader antenna at 2.4 GHz are demonstrated by numerical simulations and measurements over a realistic implementation of offset reflector fed by a microstrip patch antenna. Both numerical and experimental studies are performed to validate this antenna design.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    A whole-genome assembly of Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: We report on the quality of a whole-genome assembly of Drosophila melanogaster and the nature of the computer algorithms that accomplished it. Three independent external data sources essentially agree with and support the assembly's sequence and ordering of contigs across the euchromatic portion of the genome. In addition, there are isolated contigs that we believe represent nonrepetitive pockets within the heterochromatin of the centromeres. Comparison with a previously sequenced 2.9- megabase region indicates that sequencing accuracy within nonrepetitive segments is greater than 99. 99% without manual curation. As such, this initial reconstruction of the Drosophila sequence should be of substantial value to the scientific community.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, E W -- Sutton, G G -- Delcher, A L -- Dew, I M -- Fasulo, D P -- Flanigan, M J -- Kravitz, S A -- Mobarry, C M -- Reinert, K H -- Remington, K A -- Anson, E L -- Bolanos, R A -- Chou, H H -- Jordan, C M -- Halpern, A L -- Lonardi, S -- Beasley, E M -- Brandon, R C -- Chen, L -- Dunn, P J -- Lai, Z -- Liang, Y -- Nusskern, D R -- Zhan, M -- Zhang, Q -- Zheng, X -- Rubin, G M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2196-204.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, Inc., 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Gene.Myers@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Chromatin/genetics ; *Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Euchromatin ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelerates adaptation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: Epistasis has substantial impacts on evolution, in particular, the rate of adaptation. We generated combinations of beneficial mutations that arose in a lineage during rapid adaptation of a bacterium whose growth depended on a newly introduced metabolic pathway. The proportional selective benefit for three of the four loci consistently decreased when they were introduced onto more fit backgrounds. These three alleles all reduced morphological defects caused by expression of the foreign pathway. A simple theoretical model segregating the apparent contribution of individual alleles to benefits and costs effectively predicted the interactions between them. These results provide the first evidence that patterns of epistasis may differ for within- and between-gene interactions during adaptation and that diminishing returns epistasis contributes to the consistent observation of decelerating fitness gains during adaptation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, Hsin-Hung -- Chiu, Hsuan-Chao -- Delaney, Nigel F -- Segre, Daniel -- Marx, Christopher J -- R01 GM078209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078209-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1190-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1203799.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; *Biological Evolution ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genome, Bacterial ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Methylobacterium extorquens/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Description: Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have a prominent role in the aetiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Substantial risk for schizophrenia is conferred by large (〉500-kilobase) CNVs at several loci, including microdeletions at 1q21.1 (ref. 2), 3q29 (ref. 3), 15q13.3 (ref. 2) and 22q11.2 (ref. 4) and microduplication at 16p11.2 (ref. 5). However, these CNVs collectively account for a small fraction (2-4%) of cases, and the relevant genes and neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood. Here we performed a large two-stage genome-wide scan of rare CNVs and report the significant association of copy number gains at chromosome 7q36.3 with schizophrenia. Microduplications with variable breakpoints occurred within a 362-kilobase region and were detected in 29 of 8,290 (0.35%) patients versus 2 of 7,431 (0.03%) controls in the combined sample. All duplications overlapped or were located within 89 kilobases upstream of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene VIPR2. VIPR2 transcription and cyclic-AMP signalling were significantly increased in cultured lymphocytes from patients with microduplications of 7q36.3. These findings implicate altered vasoactive intestinal peptide signalling in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and indicate the VPAC2 receptor as a potential target for the development of new antipsychotic drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351382/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351382/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vacic, Vladimir -- McCarthy, Shane -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Murray, Fiona -- Chou, Hsun-Hua -- Peoples, Aine -- Makarov, Vladimir -- Yoon, Seungtai -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Corominas, Roser -- Iakoucheva, Lilia M -- Krastoshevsky, Olga -- Krause, Verena -- Larach-Walters, Veronica -- Welsh, David K -- Craig, David -- Kelsoe, John R -- Gershon, Elliot S -- Leal, Suzanne M -- Dell Aquila, Marie -- Morris, Derek W -- Gill, Michael -- Corvin, Aiden -- Insel, Paul A -- McClellan, Jon -- King, Mary-Claire -- Karayiorgou, Maria -- Levy, Deborah L -- DeLisi, Lynn E -- Sebat, Jonathan -- 072894/Z/03/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM66232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG04222/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH044245/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061399/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH071523/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH082945/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH083989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222-04S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG004222-04S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL091061/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061399/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH082945/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):499-503. doi: 10.1038/nature09884. Epub 2011 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 12824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Duplicate/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns/genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/*genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Simple systems that exhibit self-directed replication (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-26
    Description: Biological experience and intuition suggest that self-replication is an inherently complex phenomenon, and early cellular automata models support that conception. More recently, simpler computational models of self-directed replication called sheathed loops have been developed. It is shown here that "unsheathing" these structures and altering certain assumptions about the symmetry of their components leads to a family of nontrivial self-replicating structures, some substantially smaller and simpler than those previously reported. The dependence of replication time and transition function complexity on initial structure size, cell state symmetry, and neighborhood are examined. These results support the view that self-replication is not an inherently complex phenomenon but rather an emergent property arising from local interactions in systems that can be much simpler than is generally believed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reggia, J A -- Armentrout, S L -- Chou, H H -- Peng, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 26;259(5099):1282-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17732248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tee, Benjamin C-K -- Chortos, Alex -- Berndt, Andre -- Nguyen, Amanda Kim -- Tom, Ariane -- McGuire, Allister -- Lin, Ziliang Carter -- Tien, Kevin -- Bae, Won-Gyu -- Wang, Huiliang -- Mei, Ping -- Chou, Ho-Hsiu -- Cui, Bianxiao -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Ng, Tse Nga -- Bao, Zhenan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):313-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. zbao@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Hand/anatomy & histology/innervation/physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Mechanoreceptors ; Mice ; *Neural Prostheses ; Optogenetics ; Pressure ; Skin/*innervation ; *Touch ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/*methods ; Transistors, Electronic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extended cellular space method for simulating autocatalytic oligonucleotides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computers and Chemistry 18 (1994), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0097-8485
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0097-8485(94)80021-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer analysis of some ancient Chinese sunrise eclipse records to determine the Earth's rotation rate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vistas in Astronomy 31 (1988), S. 833-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0083-6656
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0083-6656(88)90317-0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved recombination luminescence spectra from ''hot'' and ''cold'' carriers in electron-hole droplets in stressed Ge
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Luminescence 18-19 (1979), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2313
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2313(79)90196-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and binding energy of electron-hole droplets in uniformly stressed germanium
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 26 (1978), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0038-1098(78)91072-4
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