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  • Cell Line  (2,037)
  • *Ecosystem  (1,597)
  • *Biological Evolution  (1,390)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4,918)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (4,918)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (1,215)
Years
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Noncoding variants play a central role in the genetics of complex traits, but we still lack a full understanding of the molecular pathways through which they act. We quantified the contribution of cis-acting genetic effects at all major stages of gene regulation from chromatin to proteins, in Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). About ~65% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have primary effects on chromatin, whereas the remaining eQTLs are enriched in transcribed regions. Using a novel method, we also detected 2893 splicing QTLs, most of which have little or no effect on gene-level expression. These splicing QTLs are major contributors to complex traits, roughly on a par with variants that affect gene expression levels. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms linking genetic variation to variation in human gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang I -- van de Geijn, Bryce -- Raj, Anil -- Knowles, David A -- Petti, Allegra A -- Golan, David -- Gilad, Yoav -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- R01MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH101825/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):600-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9417. Epub 2016 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Splicing/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Hydroxymethylcytosine, well described in DNA, occurs also in RNA. Here, we show that hydroxymethylcytosine preferentially marks polyadenylated RNAs and is deposited by Tet in Drosophila. We map the transcriptome-wide hydroxymethylation landscape, revealing hydroxymethylcytosine in the transcripts of many genes, notably in coding sequences, and identify consensus sites for hydroxymethylation. We found that RNA hydroxymethylation can favor mRNA translation. Tet and hydroxymethylated RNA are found to be most abundant in the Drosophila brain, and Tet-deficient fruitflies suffer impaired brain development, accompanied by decreased RNA hydroxymethylation. This study highlights the distribution, localization, and function of cytosine hydroxymethylation and identifies central roles for this modification in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delatte, Benjamin -- Wang, Fei -- Ngoc, Long Vo -- Collignon, Evelyne -- Bonvin, Elise -- Deplus, Rachel -- Calonne, Emilie -- Hassabi, Bouchra -- Putmans, Pascale -- Awe, Stephan -- Wetzel, Collin -- Kreher, Judith -- Soin, Romuald -- Creppe, Catherine -- Limbach, Patrick A -- Gueydan, Cyril -- Kruys, Veronique -- Brehm, Alexander -- Minakhina, Svetlana -- Defrance, Matthieu -- Steward, Ruth -- Fuks, Francois -- R01 GM089992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA117846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):282-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ; Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Faculty of Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium. ; Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ffuks@ulb.ac.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*abnormalities/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Methylation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Genes encoding human beta-type globin undergo a developmental switch from embryonic to fetal to adult-type expression. Mutations in the adult form cause inherited hemoglobinopathies or globin disorders, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Some experimental results have suggested that these diseases could be treated by induction of fetal-type hemoglobin (HbF). However, the mechanisms that repress HbF in adults remain unclear. We found that the LRF/ZBTB7A transcription factor occupies fetal gamma-globin genes and maintains the nucleosome density necessary for gamma-globin gene silencing in adults, and that LRF confers its repressive activity through a NuRD repressor complex independent of the fetal globin repressor BCL11A. Our study may provide additional opportunities for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masuda, Takeshi -- Wang, Xin -- Maeda, Manami -- Canver, Matthew C -- Sher, Falak -- Funnell, Alister P W -- Fisher, Chris -- Suciu, Maria -- Martyn, Gabriella E -- Norton, Laura J -- Zhu, Catherine -- Kurita, Ryo -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Xu, Jian -- Higgs, Douglas R -- Crossley, Merlin -- Bauer, Daniel E -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Kharchenko, Peter V -- Maeda, Takahiro -- R01 AI084905/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL032259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 DK105001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):285-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ; Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Erythroblasts/cytology ; Erythropoiesis/genetics ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*genetics ; *Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Thalassemia/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; gamma-Globins/*genetics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maxmen, Amy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1378-80. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anal Canal/*anatomy & histology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ctenophora/*anatomy & histology/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: Drug resistance compromises control of malaria. Here, we show that resistance to a commonly used antimalarial medication, atovaquone, is apparently unable to spread. Atovaquone pressure selects parasites with mutations in cytochrome b, a respiratory protein with low but essential activity in the mammalian blood phase of the parasite life cycle. Resistance mutations rescue parasites from the drug but later prove lethal in the mosquito phase, where parasites require full respiration. Unable to respire efficiently, resistant parasites fail to complete mosquito development, arresting their life cycle. Because cytochrome b is encoded by the maternally inherited parasite mitochondrion, even outcrossing with wild-type strains cannot facilitate spread of resistance. Lack of transmission suggests that resistance will be unable to spread in the field, greatly enhancing the utility of atovaquone in malaria control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, Christopher D -- Siregar, Josephine E -- Mollard, Vanessa -- Vega-Rodriguez, Joel -- Syafruddin, Din -- Matsuoka, Hiroyuki -- Matsuzaki, Motomichi -- Toyama, Tomoko -- Sturm, Angelika -- Cozijnsen, Anton -- Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo -- Kita, Kiyoshi -- Marzuki, Sangkot -- McFadden, Geoffrey I -- AI031478/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00052/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):349-53. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. gim@unimelb.edu.au deang@unimelb.edu.au. ; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. ; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia. ; Division of Medical Zoology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. ; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. ; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*parasitology ; Antimalarials/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Atovaquone/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cytochromes b/*genetics ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects/genetics ; Malaria/drug therapy/*parasitology/transmission ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmodium berghei/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Bruns and Taylor argue that our finding of widespread distribution among Glomeromycota "virtual taxa" is undermined by the species definition applied. Although identifying appropriate species concepts and accessing taxonomically informative traits are challenges for microorganism biogeography, the virtual taxa represent a pragmatic classification that corresponds approximately to the species rank of classical Glomeromycota taxonomy, yet is applicable to environmental DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opik, Maarja -- Davison, John -- Moora, Mari -- Partel, Meelis -- Zobel, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. maarja.opik@ut.ee. ; Department of Botany, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005 Tartu, Estonia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6270.214. Epub 2016 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Copulation ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, Steven G -- Bhattacharya, Debashish -- Weber, Andreas P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):659-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Lille CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. debash.bhattacharya@gmail.com. ; Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Archaea/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Endocytosis ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Plastids/*genetics ; Rickettsia/genetics/pathogenicity ; Symbiosis/*genetics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Philip E -- Le Roux, Johannes J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-b. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nz. ; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Davison et al. (Reports, 28 August 2015, p. 970) claim that virtual taxa of Glomeromycota show little endemism and that endemism that exists is similar to the levels seen in plant families. We show that this is likely due to the conservative species definition rather than to any ecological pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruns, Thomas D -- Taylor, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):826. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. pogon@berkeley.edu. ; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarrazin, Francois -- Lecomte, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422-3. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-c. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CESCO, UMR 7204, 75005 Paris, France. sarrazin@mnhn.fr. ; Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzer, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dantzer@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1454. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contract Services/*economics ; Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; United States
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davison, J -- Moora, M -- Opik, M -- Adholeya, A -- Ainsaar, L -- Ba, A -- Burla, S -- Diedhiou, A G -- Hiiesalu, I -- Jairus, T -- Johnson, N C -- Kane, A -- Koorem, K -- Kochar, M -- Ndiaye, C -- Partel, M -- Reier, U -- Saks, U -- Singh, R -- Vasar, M -- Zobel, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ; Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. ; Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Mediterraneennes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Universite des Antilles, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie de l'Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement-Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles-Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Departement de Biologie Vegetale, UCAD, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, 379 01 Trebon, Czech Republic. ; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, USA. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. ; TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, TERI, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Fungal/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Mycorrhizae/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Water ; Wind
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1054. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; *Faculty ; Knowledge ; *Professional Competence ; *Religion and Science ; Role ; United States
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: A central process in evolution is the recruitment of genes to regulatory networks. We engineered immotile strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that lack flagella due to deletion of the regulatory gene fleQ. Under strong selection for motility, these bacteria consistently regained flagella within 96 hours via a two-step evolutionary pathway. Step 1 mutations increase intracellular levels of phosphorylated NtrC, a distant homolog of FleQ, which begins to commandeer control of the fleQ regulon at the cost of disrupting nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Step 2 is a switch-of-function mutation that redirects NtrC away from nitrogen uptake and toward its novel function as a flagellar regulator. Our results demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly rewire regulatory networks in very few, repeatable mutational steps.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Tiffany B -- Mulley, Geraldine -- Dills, Alexander H -- Alsohim, Abdullah S -- McGuffin, Liam J -- Studholme, David J -- Silby, Mark W -- Brockhurst, Michael A -- Johnson, Louise J -- Jackson, Robert W -- BB/J015350/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/K003240/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT097835MF/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT101650MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1014-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1259145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. ; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. Department of Plant Production and Protection, Qassim University, Qassim, P.O. Box 6622, Saudi Arabia. ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK. ; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. l.j.johnson@reading.ac.uk. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. The University of Akureyri, Borgir vid Nordurslod, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Flagella/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Regulon ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Self-organized spatial vegetation patterning is widespread and has been described using models of scale-dependent feedback between plants and water on homogeneous substrates. As rainfall decreases, these models yield a characteristic sequence of patterns with increasingly sparse vegetation, followed by sudden collapse to desert. Thus, the final, spot-like pattern may provide early warning for such catastrophic shifts. In many arid ecosystems, however, termite nests impart substrate heterogeneity by altering soil properties, thereby enhancing plant growth. We show that termite-induced heterogeneity interacts with scale-dependent feedbacks to produce vegetation patterns at different spatial grains. Although the coarse-grained patterning resembles that created by scale-dependent feedback alone, it does not indicate imminent desertification. Rather, mound-field landscapes are more robust to aridity, suggesting that termites may help stabilize ecosystems under global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonachela, Juan A -- Pringle, Robert M -- Sheffer, Efrat -- Coverdale, Tyler C -- Guyton, Jennifer A -- Caylor, Kelly K -- Levin, Simon A -- Tarnita, Corina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):651-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1261487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ; Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. ctarnita@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; Isoptera/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; *Rain ; Soil ; *Water
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Sedimentary basins in eastern Africa preserve a record of continental rifting and contain important fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution. However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (Ma) is poorly documented in surface outcrops, particularly in Afar, Ethiopia. Here we present the discovery of a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research area of Afar, Ethiopia, that have produced the earliest record of the genus Homo. Vertebrate fossils record a faunal turnover indicative of more open and probably arid habitats than those reconstructed earlier in this region, which is in broad agreement with hypotheses addressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time. Geological analyses constrain depositional and structural models of Afar and date the LD 350-1 Homo mandible to 2.80 to 2.75 Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMaggio, Erin N -- Campisano, Christopher J -- Rowan, John -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Deino, Alan L -- Bibi, Faysal -- Lewis, Margaret E -- Souron, Antoine -- Garello, Dominique -- Werdelin, Lars -- Reed, Kaye E -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1415. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dimaggio@psu.edu kreed@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; CNRS Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Biology Program, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. ; Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: The nonrandom distribution of meiotic recombination shapes heredity and genetic diversification. Theoretically, hotspots--favored sites of recombination initiation--either evolve rapidly toward extinction or are conserved, especially if they are chromosomal features under selective constraint, such as promoters. We tested these theories by comparing genome-wide recombination initiation maps from widely divergent Saccharomyces species. We find that hotspots frequently overlap with promoters in the species tested, and consequently, hotspot positions are well conserved. Remarkably, the relative strength of individual hotspots is also highly conserved, as are larger-scale features of the distribution of recombination initiation. This stability, not predicted by prior models, suggests that the particular shape of the yeast recombination landscape is adaptive and helps in understanding evolutionary dynamics of recombination in other species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656144/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656144/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Isabel -- Keeney, Scott -- F31 GM097861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058673/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):932-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. s-keeney@ski.mskcc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Genome, Fungal/genetics ; *Homologous Recombination ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classification/*genetics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Understanding the evolution of sex determination in plants requires identifying the mechanisms underlying the transition from monoecious plants, where male and female flowers coexist, to unisexual individuals found in dioecious species. We show that in melon and cucumber, the androecy gene controls female flower development and encodes a limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis, ACS11. ACS11 is expressed in phloem cells connected to flowers programmed to become female, and ACS11 loss-of-function mutants lead to male plants (androecy). CmACS11 represses the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 to control the development and the coexistence of male and female flowers in monoecious species. Because monoecy can lead to dioecy, we show how a combination of alleles of CmACS11 and CmWIP1 can create artificial dioecy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boualem, Adnane -- Troadec, Christelle -- Camps, Celine -- Lemhemdi, Afef -- Morin, Halima -- Sari, Marie-Agnes -- Fraenkel-Zagouri, Rina -- Kovalski, Irina -- Dogimont, Catherine -- Perl-Treves, Rafael -- Bendahmane, Abdelhafid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):688-91. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8370.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite d'Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France. ; Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Universite Rene Descartes, Paris, France. ; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; INRA, UR 1052, Unite de Genetique et d'Amelioration des Fruits et Legumes, BP 94, F-84143 Montfavet, France. ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite d'Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France. bendahm@evry.inra.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cucumis sativus/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Cucurbitaceae/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis ; Flowers/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development ; Genes, Plant/genetics/physiology ; Lyases/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phloem/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An important question in ecology is how mechanistic processes occurring among individuals drive large-scale patterns of community formation and change. Here we show that in two species of bluebirds, cycles of replacement of one by the other emerge as an indirect consequence of maternal influence on offspring behavior in response to local resource availability. Sampling across broad temporal and spatial scales, we found that western bluebirds, the more competitive species, bias the birth order of offspring by sex in a way that influences offspring aggression and dispersal, setting the stage for rapid increases in population density that ultimately result in the replacement of their sister species. Our results provide insight into how predictable community dynamics can occur despite the contingency of local behavioral interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duckworth, Renee A -- Belloni, Virginia -- Anderson, Samantha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):875-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rad3@email.arizona.edu. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/analysis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Clutch Size ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Egg Yolk/chemistry ; Female ; Fires ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Population Density ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Villmoare et al. (Reports, 20 March 2015, p. 1352) report on a hominin mandible from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Ethiopia, which they claim to be the earliest known representative of the genus Homo. However, certain measurements and observations for Australopithecus sediba mandibles presented are incorrect or are not included in critical aspects of the study. When correctly used, these data demonstrate that specimen LD 350-1 cannot be unequivocally assigned to the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawks, John -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1326. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. jhawks@wisc.edu. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Vegetation structure is a key determinant of ecosystems and ecosystem function, but paleoecological techniques to quantify it are lacking. We present a method for reconstructing leaf area index (LAI) based on light-dependent morphology of leaf epidermal cells and phytoliths derived from them. Using this proxy, we reconstruct LAI for the Cenozoic (49 million to 11 million years ago) of middle-latitude Patagonia. Our record shows that dense forests opened up by the late Eocene; open forests and shrubland habitats then fluctuated, with a brief middle-Miocene regreening period. Furthermore, endemic herbivorous mammals show accelerated tooth crown height evolution during open, yet relatively grass-free, shrubland habitat intervals. Our Patagonian LAI record provides a high-resolution, sensitive tool with which to dissect terrestrial ecosystem response to changing Southern Ocean conditions during the Cenozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, Regan E -- Stromberg, Caroline A E -- Madden, Richard H -- Kohn, Matthew J -- Carlini, Alfredo A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):258-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1260947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. dunnr@u.washington.edu. ; Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. ; Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Shape ; Cell Size ; *Climate Change ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; *Forests ; Fossils ; Grassland ; Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Plant Epidermis/cytology ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants ; South America ; Time ; Tooth Crown/anatomy & histology
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Cope's rule proposes that animal lineages evolve toward larger body size over time. To test this hypothesis across all marine animals, we compiled a data set of body sizes for 17,208 genera of marine animals spanning the past 542 million years. Mean biovolume across genera has increased by a factor of 150 since the Cambrian, whereas minimum biovolume has decreased by less than a factor of 10, and maximum biovolume has increased by more than a factor of 100,000. Neutral drift from a small initial value cannot explain this pattern. Instead, most of the size increase reflects differential diversification across classes, indicating that the pattern does not reflect a simple scaling-up of widespread and persistent selection for larger size within populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heim, Noel A -- Knope, Matthew L -- Schaal, Ellen K -- Wang, Steve C -- Payne, Jonathan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):867-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1260065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. naheim@stanford.edu. ; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uhlen, Mathias -- Fagerberg, Linn -- Hallstrom, Bjorn M -- Lindskog, Cecilia -- Oksvold, Per -- Mardinoglu, Adil -- Sivertsson, Asa -- Kampf, Caroline -- Sjostedt, Evelina -- Asplund, Anna -- Olsson, IngMarie -- Edlund, Karolina -- Lundberg, Emma -- Navani, Sanjay -- Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili -- Odeberg, Jacob -- Djureinovic, Dijana -- Takanen, Jenny Ottosson -- Hober, Sophia -- Alm, Tove -- Edqvist, Per-Henrik -- Berling, Holger -- Tegel, Hanna -- Mulder, Jan -- Rockberg, Johan -- Nilsson, Peter -- Schwenk, Jochen M -- Hamsten, Marica -- von Feilitzen, Kalle -- Forsberg, Mattias -- Persson, Lukas -- Johansson, Fredric -- Zwahlen, Martin -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- Nielsen, Jens -- Ponten, Fredrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):1260419. doi: 10.1126/science.1260419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. mathias.uhlen@scilifelab.se. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at Dortmund TU, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. ; Lab Surgpath, Mumbai, India. ; Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line ; *Databases, Protein ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Code ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/genetics/*metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The actin cross-linking domain (ACD) is an actin-specific toxin produced by several pathogens, including life-threatening spp. of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Actin cross-linking by ACD is thought to lead to slow cytoskeleton failure owing to a gradual sequestration of actin in the form of nonfunctional oligomers. Here, we found that ACD converted cytoplasmic actin into highly toxic oligomers that potently "poisoned" the ability of major actin assembly proteins, formins, to sustain actin polymerization. Thus, ACD can target the most abundant cellular protein by using actin oligomers as secondary toxins to efficiently subvert cellular functions of actin while functioning at very low doses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heisler, David B -- Kudryashova, Elena -- Grinevich, Dmitry O -- Suarez, Cristian -- Winkelman, Jonathan D -- Birukov, Konstantin G -- Kotha, Sainath R -- Parinandi, Narasimham L -- Vavylonis, Dimitrios -- Kovar, David R -- Kudryashov, Dmitri S -- R01 GM079265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM114666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL076259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):535-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab4090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Cell Line ; Fetal Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Polymerization/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror the phenotypes and functions of T cells. However, in contrast to T cells, ILCs do not express acquired antigen receptors or undergo clonal selection and expansion when stimulated. Instead, ILCs react promptly to signals from infected or injured tissues and produce an array of secreted proteins termed cytokines that direct the developing immune response into one that is adapted to the original insult. The complex cross-talk between microenvironment, ILCs, and adaptive immunity remains to be fully deciphered. Only by understanding these complex regulatory networks can the power of ILCs be controlled or unleashed in order to regulate or enhance immune responses in disease prevention and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eberl, Gerard -- Colonna, Marco -- Di Santo, James P -- McKenzie, Andrew N J -- 100963/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1U01AI095542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MC_U105178805/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01DE021255/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R21CA16719/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):aaa6566. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6566. Epub 2015 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. gerard.eberl@pasteur.fr. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France. ; Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity ; Adipose Tissue/immunology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Diet ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunotherapy ; Inflammation/immunology ; Liver/embryology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Microbiota/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Viruses influence ecosystems by modulating microbial population size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow. Here, we use quantitative double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral-fraction metagenomes (viromes) and whole viral community morphological data sets from 43 Tara Oceans expedition samples to assess viral community patterns and structure in the upper ocean. Protein cluster cataloging defined pelagic upper-ocean viral community pan and core gene sets and suggested that this sequence space is well-sampled. Analyses of viral protein clusters, populations, and morphology revealed biogeographic patterns whereby viral communities were passively transported on oceanic currents and locally structured by environmental conditions that affect host community structure. Together, these investigations establish a global ocean dsDNA viromic data set with analyses supporting the seed-bank hypothesis to explain how oceanic viral communities maintain high local diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brum, Jennifer R -- Ignacio-Espinoza, J Cesar -- Roux, Simon -- Doulcier, Guilhem -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Alberti, Adriana -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Cruaud, Corinne -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gasol, Josep M -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Gregory, Ann C -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Schwenck, Sarah M -- Speich, Sabrina -- Dimier, Celine -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Tara Oceans Coordinators -- Bork, Peer -- Bowler, Chris -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261498. doi: 10.1126/science.1261498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 75230 Paris, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, E08003, Spain. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Uiversite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO-IUEM), Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris 06, and UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genoscope, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Genomique, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France. ; Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Superieure (IBENS), and INSERM U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, 75005, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mbsulli@gmail.com karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Metagenome/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*classification/genetics ; Seawater/*virology ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viruses/*classification/genetics
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Following the end-Devonian mass extinction (359 million years ago), vertebrates experienced persistent reductions in body size for at least 36 million years. Global shrinkage was not related to oxygen or temperature, which suggests that ecological drivers played a key role in determining the length and direction of size trends. Small, fast-breeding ray-finned fishes, sharks, and tetrapods, most under 1 meter in length from snout to tail, radiated to dominate postextinction ecosystems and vertebrae biodiversity. The few large-bodied, slow-breeding survivors failed to diversify, facing extinction despite earlier evolutionary success. Thus, the recovery interval resembled modern ecological successions in terms of active selection on size and related life histories. Disruption of global vertebrate, and particularly fish, biotas may commonly lead to widespread, long-term reduction in body size, structuring future biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sallan, Lauren -- Galimberti, Andrew K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):812-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7373.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. lsallan@sas.upenn.edu. ; Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Extinction, Biological ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; Tail/anatomy & histology
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, S -- Ingram, J C -- Varga, A -- Agardy, T -- Barten, P -- Bennett, G -- Bloomgarden, E -- Bremer, L L -- Burkill, P -- Cattau, M -- Ching, C -- Colby, M -- Cook, D C -- Costanza, R -- DeClerck, F -- Freund, C -- Gartner, T -- Goldman-Benner, R -- Gunderson, J -- Jarrett, D -- Kinzig, A P -- Kiss, A -- Koontz, A -- Kumar, P -- Lasky, J R -- Masozera, M -- Meyers, D -- Milano, F -- Naughton-Treves, L -- Nichols, E -- Olander, L -- Olmsted, P -- Perge, E -- Perrings, C -- Polasky, S -- Potent, J -- Prager, C -- Quetier, F -- Redford, K -- Saterson, K -- Thoumi, G -- Vargas, M T -- Vickerman, S -- Weisser, W -- Wilkie, D -- Wunder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1206-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1403. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Guidelines as Topic ; Policy
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Human-like modes of communication, including mutual gaze, in dogs may have been acquired during domestication with humans. We show that gazing behavior from dogs, but not wolves, increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners, which consequently facilitated owners' affiliation and increased oxytocin concentration in dogs. Further, nasally administered oxytocin increased gazing behavior in dogs, which in turn increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners. These findings support the existence of an interspecies oxytocin-mediated positive loop facilitated and modulated by gazing, which may have supported the coevolution of human-dog bonding by engaging common modes of communicating social attachment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagasawa, Miho -- Mitsui, Shouhei -- En, Shiori -- Ohtani, Nobuyo -- Ohta, Mitsuaki -- Sakuma, Yasuo -- Onaka, Tatsushi -- Mogi, Kazutaka -- Kikusui, Takefumi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261022. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. ; University of Tokyo Health Sciences, Tama, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. kikusui@azabu-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bonding, Human-Pet ; *Communication ; Dogs/*psychology ; Female ; *Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Oxytocin/*physiology ; Wolves/*psychology
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochberg, Yael V -- Fehder, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1202-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hochberg@rice.edu. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Entrepreneurship ; Software
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):374-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5672. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK. s.e.evans@ucl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Snakes/*anatomy & histology/*classification
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):615-6. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure ; Bacteria/enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts ; Eukaryota/*classification/genetics/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondria ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*microbiology
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vermeij, Geerat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1038. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. gjvermeij@ucdavis.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/*anatomy & histology ; *Extinction, Biological ; Jaw/*anatomy & histology ; Pharynx/*anatomy & histology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Hawks et al. argue that our analysis of Australopithecus sediba mandibles is flawed and that specimen LD 350-1 cannot be distinguished from this, or any other, Australopithecus species. Our reexamination of the evidence confirms that LD 350-1 falls outside of the pattern that A. sediba shares with Australopithecus and thus is reasonably assigned to the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villmoare, Brian -- Kimbel, William H -- Seyoum, Chalachew -- Campisano, Christopher J -- DiMaggio, Erin -- Rowan, John -- Braun, David R -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- Reed, Kaye E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1326. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Our understanding of the origin of the genus Homo has been hampered by a limited fossil record in eastern Africa between 2.0 and 3.0 million years ago (Ma). Here we report the discovery of a partial hominin mandible with teeth from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, that establishes the presence of Homo at 2.80 to 2.75 Ma. This specimen combines primitive traits seen in early Australopithecus with derived morphology observed in later Homo, confirming that dentognathic departures from the australopith pattern occurred early in the Homo lineage. The Ledi-Geraru discovery has implications for hypotheses about the timing and place of origin of the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villmoare, Brian -- Kimbel, William H -- Seyoum, Chalachew -- Campisano, Christopher J -- DiMaggio, Erin N -- Rowan, John -- Braun, David R -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- Reed, Kaye E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1352-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1343. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is distinct among nanoscale imaging tools in its ability to image protein dynamics in living cells. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out in this regard because of its high speed and low illumination intensities, but typically offers only a twofold resolution gain. We extended the resolution of live-cell SIM through two approaches: ultrahigh numerical aperture SIM at 84-nanometer lateral resolution for more than 100 multicolor frames, and nonlinear SIM with patterned activation at 45- to 62-nanometer resolution for approximately 20 to 40 frames. We applied these approaches to image dynamics near the plasma membrane of spatially resolved assemblies of clathrin and caveolin, Rab5a in early endosomes, and alpha-actinin, often in relationship to cortical actin. In addition, we examined mitochondria, actin, and the Golgi apparatus dynamics in three dimensions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659358/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659358/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Dong -- Shao, Lin -- Chen, Bi-Chang -- Zhang, Xi -- Zhang, Mingshu -- Moses, Brian -- Milkie, Daniel E -- Beach, Jordan R -- Hammer, John A 3rd -- Pasham, Mithun -- Kirchhausen, Tomas -- Baird, Michelle A -- Davidson, Michael W -- Xu, Pingyong -- Betzig, Eric -- GM-075252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):aab3500. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China. ; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Coleman Technologies, 5131 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ; Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. ; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. betzige@janelia.hhmi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinin/analysis ; Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Clathrin/analysis ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Endocytosis ; Endosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/*methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Mitochondria/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Organelles/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichten, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):913. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5404. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mlichten@helix.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Finches/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Homologous Recombination ; Meiosis/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):372-3. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Collagen/chemistry ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Humans ; Mammals ; Paleontology/*methods ; Proteomics/*methods ; Sequence Analysis, Protein/*methods ; Skull
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, Lizzie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):370-1. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.370. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analytic Sample Preparation Methods ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Caves ; Cold Temperature ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mexico ; Rodentia/*genetics ; Tooth/chemistry ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):736-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. wagnerpj@si.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Mammoths provide a detailed example of species origins and dispersal, but understanding has been impeded by taxonomic confusion, especially in North America. The Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi was thought to have evolved in North America from a more primitive Eurasian immigrant. The earliest American mammoths (1.5 million years ago), however, resemble the advanced Eurasian M. trogontherii that crossed the Bering land bridge around that time, giving rise directly to M. columbi. Woolly mammoth M. primigenius later evolved in Beringia and spread into Europe and North America, leading to a diversity of morphologies as it encountered endemic M. trogontherii and M. columbi, respectively. In North America, this included intermediates ("M. jeffersonii"), suggesting introgression of M. primigenius with M. columbi. The lineage illustrates the dynamic interplay of local adaptation, dispersal, and gene flow in the evolution of a widely distributed species complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lister, A M -- Sher, A V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):805-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. a.lister@nhm.ac.uk. ; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow 119071, Russia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; Fossils ; Gene Flow ; Mammoths/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; North America ; Tooth Wear/pathology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Steffen et al. (Research Articles, 13 February 2015, p. 736) recently assessed current global freshwater use, finding it to be well below a corresponding planetary boundary. However, they ignored recent scientific advances implying that the global consumptive use of freshwater may have already crossed the associated planetary boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Fernando -- Destouni, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1217. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9629. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se. ; Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Miocene small-bodied anthropoid primates from Africa and Eurasia are generally considered to precede the divergence between the two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys-and are thus viewed as more primitive than the stem ape Proconsul. Here we describe Pliobates cataloniae gen. et sp. nov., a small-bodied (4 to 5 kilograms) primate from the Iberian Miocene (11.6 million years ago) that displays a mosaic of primitive characteristics coupled with multiple cranial and postcranial shared derived features of extant hominoids. Our cladistic analyses show that Pliobates is a stem hominoid that is more derived than previously described small catarrhines and Proconsul. This forces us to reevaluate the role played by small-bodied catarrhines in ape evolution and provides key insight into the last common ancestor of hylobatids (gibbons) and hominids (great apes and humans).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alba, David M -- Almecija, Sergio -- DeMiguel, Daniel -- Fortuny, Josep -- Perez de los Rios, Miriam -- Pina, Marta -- Robles, Josep M -- Moya-Sola, Salvador -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):aab2625. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2625. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. FOSSILIA Serveis Paleontologics i Geologics, Jaume I 87, 5e 1a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain. ; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats at ICP and Unitat d'Antropologia Biologica (Department de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Brain/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Dentition ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Humans ; Hylobates/anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Spain
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: The ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change at the cost of profound alterations of its physics, chemistry, ecology, and services. Here, we evaluate and compare the risks of impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems-and the goods and services they provide-for growing cumulative carbon emissions under two contrasting emissions scenarios. The current emissions trajectory would rapidly and significantly alter many ecosystems and the associated services on which humans heavily depend. A reduced emissions scenario-consistent with the Copenhagen Accord's goal of a global temperature increase of less than 2 degrees C-is much more favorable to the ocean but still substantially alters important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services. The management options to address ocean impacts narrow as the ocean warms and acidifies. Consequently, any new climate regime that fails to minimize ocean impacts would be incomplete and inadequate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gattuso, J-P -- Magnan, A -- Bille, R -- Cheung, W W L -- Howes, E L -- Joos, F -- Allemand, D -- Bopp, L -- Cooley, S R -- Eakin, C M -- Hoegh-Guldberg, O -- Kelly, R P -- Portner, H-O -- Rogers, A D -- Baxter, J M -- Laffoley, D -- Osborn, D -- Rankovic, A -- Rochette, J -- Sumaila, U R -- Treyer, S -- Turley, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):aac4722. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, CNRS-Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr. ; Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. ; Secretariat of the Pacific Community, B.P. D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. ; Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremenrhaven, Germany. ; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ; Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco. Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR8212, CNRS-Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Gif sur Yvette, France. ; Ocean Conservancy, 1300 19th Street NW, 8th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, USA. ; Coral Reef Watch, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. ; Global Change Institute and Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Building 20, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia. ; School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, 3707 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Scottish Natural Heritage, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh EH12 7AT, Scotland. ; IUCN, Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. ; Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco. ; Program on Science, Technology, and Society, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007 Paris, France. Fisheries Economics Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaculture ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Health ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Risk ; Travel
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allred, Brady W -- Smith, W Kolby -- Twidwell, Dirac -- Haggerty, Julia H -- Running, Steven W -- Naugle, David E -- Fuhlendorf, Samuel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):401-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4785. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. brady.allred@umontana.edu. ; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. ; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. ; College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. ; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; *Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; *Extraction and Processing Industry ; *Oil and Gas Fields ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Skinner and colleagues (Research Article, 23 January 2015, p. 395), based on metacarpal trabecular bone structure, argue that Australopithecus africanus employed human-like dexterity for stone tool making and use 3 million years ago. However, their evolutionary and biological assumptions are misinformed, failing to refute the previously existing hypothesis that human-like manipulation preceded systematized stone tool manufacture, as indicated by the fossil record.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Almecija, Sergio -- Wallace, Ian J -- Judex, Stefan -- Alba, David M -- Moya-Sola, Salvador -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1101. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. sergio.almecija@gmail.com. ; Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; ICREA at Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont and Unitat d'Antropologia Biologica (Departament BABVE), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-CP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Jaramillo and Destouni claim that freshwater consumption is beyond the planetary boundary, based on high estimates of water cycle components, different definitions of water consumption, and extrapolation from a single case study. The difference from our analysis, based on mainstream assessments of global water consumption, highlights the need for clearer definitions of water cycle components and improved models and databases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerten, Dieter -- Rockstrom, Johan -- Heinke, Jens -- Steffen, Will -- Richardson, Katherine -- Cornell, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1217. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0031. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Domain of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. gerten@pik-potsdam.de. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Research Domain of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Transcription factors (TFs) bind specific sequences in promoter-proximal and -distal DNA elements to regulate gene transcription. RNA is transcribed from both of these DNA elements, and some DNA binding TFs bind RNA. Hence, RNA transcribed from regulatory elements may contribute to stable TF occupancy at these sites. We show that the ubiquitously expressed TF Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) binds to both gene regulatory elements and their associated RNA species across the entire genome. Reduced transcription of regulatory elements diminishes YY1 occupancy, whereas artificial tethering of RNA enhances YY1 occupancy at these elements. We propose that RNA makes a modest but important contribution to the maintenance of certain TFs at gene regulatory elements and suggest that transcription of regulatory elements produces a positive-feedback loop that contributes to the stability of gene expression programs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sigova, Alla A -- Abraham, Brian J -- Ji, Xiong -- Molinie, Benoit -- Hannett, Nancy M -- Guo, Yang Eric -- Jangi, Mohini -- Giallourakis, Cosmas C -- Sharp, Phillip A -- Young, Richard A -- HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):978-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3346. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. young@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; YY1 Transcription Factor/*metabolism
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: Naive and primed pluripotent states retain distinct molecular properties, yet limited knowledge exists on how their state transitions are regulated. Here, we identify Mettl3, an N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) transferase, as a regulator for terminating murine naive pluripotency. Mettl3 knockout preimplantation epiblasts and naive embryonic stem cells are depleted for m(6)A in mRNAs, yet are viable. However, they fail to adequately terminate their naive state and, subsequently, undergo aberrant and restricted lineage priming at the postimplantation stage, which leads to early embryonic lethality. m(6)A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability, including that of key naive pluripotency-promoting transcripts. This study highlights a critical role for an mRNA epigenetic modification in vivo and identifies regulatory modules that functionally influence naive and primed pluripotency in an opposing manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geula, Shay -- Moshitch-Moshkovitz, Sharon -- Dominissini, Dan -- Mansour, Abed AlFatah -- Kol, Nitzan -- Salmon-Divon, Mali -- Hershkovitz, Vera -- Peer, Eyal -- Mor, Nofar -- Manor, Yair S -- Ben-Haim, Moshe Shay -- Eyal, Eran -- Yunger, Sharon -- Pinto, Yishay -- Jaitin, Diego Adhemar -- Viukov, Sergey -- Rais, Yoach -- Krupalnik, Vladislav -- Chomsky, Elad -- Zerbib, Mirie -- Maza, Itay -- Rechavi, Yoav -- Massarwa, Rada -- Hanna, Suhair -- Amit, Ido -- Levanon, Erez Y -- Amariglio, Ninette -- Stern-Ginossar, Noam -- Novershtern, Noa -- Rechavi, Gideon -- Hanna, Jacob H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1002-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261417. Epub 2015 Jan 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ; Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Immunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Blastocyst/enzymology ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Male ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1452. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Paleontology ; Plants
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: The evolution of sexual reproduction is often explained by Red Queen dynamics: Organisms must continually evolve to maintain fitness relative to interacting organisms, such as parasites. Recombination accompanies sexual reproduction and helps diversify an organism's offspring, so that parasites cannot exploit static host genotypes. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster plastically increases the production of recombinant offspring after infection. The response is consistent across genetic backgrounds, developmental stages, and parasite types but is not induced after sterile wounding. Furthermore, the response appears to be driven by transmission distortion rather than increased recombination. Our study extends the Red Queen model to include the increased production of recombinant offspring and uncovers a remarkable ability of hosts to actively distort their recombination fraction in rapid response to environmental cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Nadia D -- Criscoe, Dallas R -- Skolfield, Shelly -- Kohl, Kathryn P -- Keebaugh, Erin S -- Schlenke, Todd A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):747-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. ndsingh@ncsu.edu schlenkt@reed.edu. ; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA. ; Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA. ndsingh@ncsu.edu schlenkt@reed.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/*parasitology ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetic Variation ; Larva ; Male ; Mutation ; Parasitic Diseases/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Notch receptors guide mammalian cell fate decisions by engaging the proteins Jagged and Delta-like (DLL). The 2.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the interacting regions of the Notch1-DLL4 complex reveals a two-site, antiparallel binding orientation assisted by Notch1 O-linked glycosylation. Notch1 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 11 and 12 interact with the DLL4 Delta/Serrate/Lag-2 (DSL) domain and module at the N-terminus of Notch ligands (MNNL) domains, respectively. Threonine and serine residues on Notch1 are functionalized with O-fucose and O-glucose, which act as surrogate amino acids by making specific, and essential, contacts to residues on DLL4. The elucidation of a direct chemical role for O-glycans in Notch1 ligand engagement demonstrates how, by relying on posttranslational modifications of their ligand binding sites, Notch proteins have linked their functional capacity to developmentally regulated biosynthetic pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luca, Vincent C -- Jude, Kevin M -- Pierce, Nathan W -- Nachury, Maxence V -- Fischer, Suzanne -- Garcia, K Christopher -- 1R01-GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):847-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1261093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kcgarcia@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alagille Syndrome/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fucose/chemistry ; Glucose/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Notch1/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Serine/chemistry/genetics ; Threonine/chemistry/genetics
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):729-30. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6262.729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*growth & development ; *Fossils ; Pandalidae
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):264. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Biological Evolution ; Caves ; China ; *Fossils ; *Human Migration ; Humans ; Tooth
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Almecija and colleagues claim that we apply a simplified understanding of bone functional adaptation and that our results of human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus are not novel. We argue that our results speak to actual behavior, rather than potential behaviors, and our functional interpretation is well supported by our methodological approach, comparative sample, and previous experimental data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skinner, Matthew M -- Stephens, Nicholas B -- Tsegai, Zewdi J -- Foote, Alexandra C -- Nguyen, N Huynh -- Gross, Thomas -- Pahr, Dieter H -- Hublin, Jean-Jacques -- Kivell, Tracy L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1101. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8931.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Anthropology, University College London London, WC1H 0BW, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Department of Anthropology, University College London London, WC1H 0BW, UK. ; Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: A new Late Jurassic docodontan shows specializations for a subterranean lifestyle. It is similar to extant subterranean golden moles in having reduced digit segments as compared to the ancestral phalangeal pattern of mammaliaforms and extant mammals. The reduction of digit segments can occur in mammals by fusion of the proximal and intermediate phalangeal precursors, a developmental process for which a gene and signaling network have been characterized in mouse and human. Docodontans show a positional shift of thoracolumbar ribs, a developmental variation that is controlled by Hox9 and Myf5 genes in extant mammals. We argue that these morphogenetic mechanisms of modern mammals were operating before the rise of modern mammals, driving the morphological disparity in the earliest mammaliaform diversification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Meng, Qing-Jin -- Ji, Qiang -- Liu, Di -- Zhang, Yu-Guang -- Neander, April I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1260880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; Finger Phalanges/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Foot/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Mice ; Morphogenesis/genetics/*physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/genetics/physiology
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: The distinctly human ability for forceful precision and power "squeeze" gripping is linked to two key evolutionary transitions in hand use: a reduction in arboreal climbing and the manufacture and use of tools. However, it is unclear when these locomotory and manipulative transitions occurred. Here we show that Australopithecus africanus (~3 to 2 million years ago) and several Pleistocene hominins, traditionally considered not to have engaged in habitual tool manufacture, have a human-like trabecular bone pattern in the metacarpals consistent with forceful opposition of the thumb and fingers typically adopted during tool use. These results support archaeological evidence for stone tool use in australopiths and provide morphological evidence that Pliocene hominins achieved human-like hand postures much earlier and more frequently than previously considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skinner, Matthew M -- Stephens, Nicholas B -- Tsegai, Zewdi J -- Foote, Alexandra C -- Nguyen, N Huynh -- Gross, Thomas -- Pahr, Dieter H -- Hublin, Jean-Jacques -- Kivell, Tracy L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):395-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1261735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. ; Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. ; Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neanderthals/anatomy & histology ; Posture ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):362-6. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Asia/ethnology ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Russia/ethnology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skull
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):21-3. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; DNA/genetics ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Organ Size/genetics ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology/embryology/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):847. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6237.847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Humans ; *Mandible ; Neanderthals/*genetics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1056-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1056-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Jaw/anatomy & histology
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1149-50. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6253.1149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Caves ; *Fossils ; Humans ; South Africa ; Species Specificity
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLean, Evan L -- Hare, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1200. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke Canine Cognition Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ; Duke Canine Cognition Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. b.hare@duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bonding, Human-Pet ; *Communication ; Dogs/*psychology ; Female ; *Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Oxytocin/*physiology ; Wolves/*psychology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):744. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6236.744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology/embryology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/*genetics ; Fossils ; Hedgehog Proteins/*genetics
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):220-1. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.220.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropods/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Crustacea/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism ; *Insects/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Respiration
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perkins, Sid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1431. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dental Enamel ; *Fishes ; Fossils ; Hardness ; *Tooth
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), plasma membrane regions are internalized to retrieve extracellular molecules and cell surface components. Whether endocytosis occurs by direct clathrin assembly into curved lattices on the budding vesicle or by initial recruitment to flat membranes and subsequent reshaping has been controversial. To distinguish between these models, we combined fluorescence microscopy and electron tomography to locate endocytic sites and to determine their coat and membrane shapes during invagination. The curvature of the clathrin coat increased, whereas the coated surface area remained nearly constant. Furthermore, clathrin rapidly exchanged at all stages of CME. Thus, coated vesicle budding appears to involve bending of a dynamic preassembled clathrin coat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avinoam, Ori -- Schorb, Martin -- Beese, Carsten J -- Briggs, John A G -- Kaksonen, Marko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1369-72. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Electron Microscopy Core Facility, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clathrin/*chemistry ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*chemistry ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; *Endocytosis ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: Snakes are a remarkably diverse and successful group today, but their evolutionary origins are obscure. The discovery of snakes with two legs has shed light on the transition from lizards to snakes, but no snake has been described with four limbs, and the ecology of early snakes is poorly known. We describe a four-limbed snake from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Crato Formation of Brazil. The snake has a serpentiform body plan with an elongate trunk, short tail, and large ventral scales suggesting characteristic serpentine locomotion, yet retains small prehensile limbs. Skull and body proportions as well as reduced neural spines indicate fossorial adaptation, suggesting that snakes evolved from burrowing rather than marine ancestors. Hooked teeth, an intramandibular joint, a flexible spine capable of constricting prey, and the presence of vertebrate remains in the guts indicate that this species preyed on vertebrates and that snakes made the transition to carnivory early in their history. The structure of the limbs suggests that they were adapted for grasping, either to seize prey or as claspers during mating. Together with a diverse fauna of basal snakes from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, and India, this snake suggests that crown Serpentes originated in Gondwana.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martill, David M -- Tischlinger, Helmut -- Longrich, Nicholas R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):416-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK. ; Tannenweg 16, 85134 Stammham, Germany. ; Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brazil ; Extinction, Biological ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology ; Fossils ; India ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Snakes/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; South America ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: By dividing asymmetrically, stem cells can generate two daughter cells with distinct fates. However, evidence is limited in mammalian systems for the selective apportioning of subcellular contents between daughters. We followed the fates of old and young organelles during the division of human mammary stemlike cells and found that such cells apportion aged mitochondria asymmetrically between daughter cells. Daughter cells that received fewer old mitochondria maintained stem cell traits. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission disrupted both the age-dependent subcellular localization and segregation of mitochondria and caused loss of stem cell properties in the progeny cells. Hence, mechanisms exist for mammalian stemlike cells to asymmetrically sort aged and young mitochondria, and these are important for maintaining stemness properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405120/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405120/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katajisto, Pekka -- Dohla, Julia -- Chaffer, Christine L -- Pentinmikko, Nalle -- Marjanovic, Nemanja -- Iqbal, Sharif -- Zoncu, Roberto -- Chen, Walter -- Weinberg, Robert A -- Sabatini, David M -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007287/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):340-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1260384. Epub 2015 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 00014, Helsinki, Finland. pekka.katajisto@helsinki.fi sabatini@wi.mit.edu. ; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 00014, Helsinki, Finland. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. pekka.katajisto@helsinki.fi sabatini@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Division/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Stem Cells/*physiology/*ultrastructure
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Obligate parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae germinate after sensing plant hormones, strigolactones, exuded from host roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the alpha/beta-hydrolase D14 acts as a strigolactone receptor that controls shoot branching, whereas its ancestral paralog, KAI2, mediates karrikin-specific germination responses. We observed that KAI2, but not D14, is present at higher copy numbers in parasitic species than in nonparasitic relatives. KAI2 paralogs in parasites are distributed into three phylogenetic clades. The fastest-evolving clade, KAI2d, contains the majority of KAI2 paralogs. Homology models predict that the ligand-binding pockets of KAI2d resemble D14. KAI2d transgenes confer strigolactone-specific germination responses to Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, the KAI2 paralogs D14 and KAI2d underwent convergent evolution of strigolactone recognition, respectively enabling developmental responses to strigolactones in angiosperms and host detection in parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conn, Caitlin E -- Bythell-Douglas, Rohan -- Neumann, Drexel -- Yoshida, Satoko -- Whittington, Bryan -- Westwood, James H -- Shirasu, Ken -- Bond, Charles S -- Dyer, Kelly A -- Nelson, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*metabolism/*parasitology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Gene Dosage ; Germination ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/*metabolism ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hydrolases/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Orobanchaceae/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Phylogeny ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism/parasitology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kay, Richard F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1068-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology and Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. richard.kay@duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; *Platyrrhini/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries-climate change and biosphere integrity-have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steffen, Will -- Richardson, Katherine -- Rockstrom, Johan -- Cornell, Sarah E -- Fetzer, Ingo -- Bennett, Elena M -- Biggs, Reinette -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- de Vries, Wim -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Folke, Carl -- Gerten, Dieter -- Heinke, Jens -- Mace, Georgina M -- Persson, Linn M -- Ramanathan, Veerabhadran -- Reyers, Belinda -- Sorlin, Sverker -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):1259855. doi: 10.1126/science.1259855. Epub 2015 Jan 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. will.steffen@anu.edu.au. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. ; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison WI 53706 USA. ; Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. ; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. ; Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya. CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. ; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnegatan 87D, SE-10451 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Delhi 110070, India. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa. ; Division of History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Many top consumers in today's oceans are marine tetrapods, a collection of lineages independently derived from terrestrial ancestors. The fossil record illuminates their transitions from land to sea, yet these initial invasions account for a small proportion of their evolutionary history. We review the history of marine invasions that drove major changes in anatomy, physiology, and ecology over more than 250 million years. Many innovations evolved convergently in multiple clades, whereas others are unique to individual lineages. The evolutionary arcs of these ecologically important clades are framed against the backdrop of mass extinctions and regime shifts in ocean ecosystems. Past and present human disruptions to marine tetrapods, with cascading impacts on marine ecosystems, underscore the need to link macroecology with evolutionary change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Neil P -- Pyenson, Nicholas D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):aaa3716. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA. kelleynp@si.edu. ; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Departments of Mammalogy and Paleontology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*classification ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; *Introduced Species ; Oceans and Seas ; Vertebrates/*classification
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Prufer and Meyer raise concerns over the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) results we reported for the Hoyo Negro individual, citing failure of a portion of these data to conform to their expectations of ancient DNA (aDNA). Because damage patterns in aDNA vary, outright rejection of our findings on this basis is unwarranted, especially in light of our other observations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kemp, Brian M -- Lindo, John -- Bolnick, Deborah A -- Malhi, Ripan S -- Chatters, James C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1261188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. paleosci@gmail.com bmkemp@wsu.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Anthropology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Applied Paleoscience and DirectAMS, 10322 Northeast 190th Street, Bothell, WA 98011, USA. paleosci@gmail.com bmkemp@wsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):617. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; China ; Feathers/*physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Fossils
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: The shortage of organs for transplantation is a major barrier to the treatment of organ failure. Although porcine organs are considered promising, their use has been checked by concerns about the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) to humans. Here we describe the eradication of all PERVs in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15). We first determined the PK15 PERV copy number to be 62. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we disrupted all copies of the PERV pol gene and demonstrated a 〉1000-fold reduction in PERV transmission to human cells, using our engineered cells. Our study shows that CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexability can be as high as 62 and demonstrates the possibility that PERVs can be inactivated for clinical application of porcine-to-human xenotransplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Luhan -- Guell, Marc -- Niu, Dong -- George, Haydy -- Lesha, Emal -- Grishin, Dennis -- Aach, John -- Shrock, Ellen -- Xu, Weihong -- Poci, Jurgen -- Cortazio, Rebeca -- Wilkinson, Robert A -- Fishman, Jay A -- Church, George -- P50 HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1101-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1191. Epub 2015 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu luhan.yang@egenesisbio.com. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26456528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genes, pol ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Retroviridae Infections/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; *Virus Inactivation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):914. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6251.914.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes, Chloroplast ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Plant ; Orchidaceae/classification/*genetics/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Pollination
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiers, E Toby -- West, Stuart A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):392-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. toby.kiers@vu.nl. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Insects/microbiology ; Platyhelminths ; Symbiosis/*physiology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons, suggest that marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify as human use of the oceans industrializes. Though protected areas are a powerful tool to harness ocean productivity, especially when designed with future climate in mind, additional management strategies will be required. Overall, habitat degradation is likely to intensify as a major driver of marine wildlife loss. Proactive intervention can avert a marine defaunation disaster of the magnitude observed on land.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- Pinsky, Malin L -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Estes, James A -- Joyce, Francis H -- Warner, Robert R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):1255641. doi: 10.1126/science.1255641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. douglas.mccauley@lifesci.ucsb.edu. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Chatters et al. (Reports, 16 May 2014, p. 750) reported the retrieval of DNA sequences from a 12,000- to 13,000-year-old human tooth discovered in an underwater cave in Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. They propose that this ancient human individual's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) belongs to haplogroup D1. However, our analysis of postmortem damage patterns finds no evidence for an ancient origin of these sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prufer, Kay -- Meyer, Matthias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1260617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. pruefer@eva.mpg.de mmeyer@eva.mpg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 4;349(6252):1046-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6252.1046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx ; Animals ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Extinction, Biological ; Iran ; *Lakes
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: The phenotypic consequences of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are presumably due to their effects on protein expression levels. Yet the impact of genetic variation, including eQTLs, on protein levels remains poorly understood. To address this, we mapped genetic variants that are associated with eQTLs, ribosome occupancy (rQTLs), or protein abundance (pQTLs). We found that most QTLs are associated with transcript expression levels, with consequent effects on ribosome and protein levels. However, eQTLs tend to have significantly reduced effect sizes on protein levels, which suggests that their potential impact on downstream phenotypes is often attenuated or buffered. Additionally, we identified a class of cis QTLs that affect protein abundance with little or no effect on messenger RNA or ribosome levels, which suggests that they may arise from differences in posttranslational regulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507520/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507520/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Battle, Alexis -- Khan, Zia -- Wang, Sidney H -- Mitrano, Amy -- Ford, Michael J -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Gilad, Yoav -- F32 HG006972/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F32HG006972/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- GM077959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):664-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260793. Epub 2014 Dec 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; MS Bioworks, LLC, 3950 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. pritch@stanford.edu gilad@uchicago.edu. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. pritch@stanford.edu gilad@uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Flanking Region ; 5' Flanking Region ; Cell Line ; Exons ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: Evolutionary innovations, traits that give species access to previously unoccupied niches, may promote speciation and adaptive radiation. Here, we show that such innovations can also result in competitive inferiority and extinction. We present evidence that the modified pharyngeal jaws of cichlid fishes and several marine fish lineages, a classic example of evolutionary innovation, are not universally beneficial. A large-scale analysis of dietary evolution across marine fish lineages reveals that the innovation compromises access to energy-rich predator niches. We show that this competitive inferiority shaped the adaptive radiation of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and played a pivotal and previously unrecognized role in the mass extinction of cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria after Nile perch invasion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGee, Matthew D -- Borstein, Samuel R -- Neches, Russell Y -- Buescher, Heinz H -- Seehausen, Ole -- Wainwright, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1077-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. mcgee.matthew@gmail.com. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. ; Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Zoological Institute, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. ; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/*anatomy & histology ; Eating ; *Extinction, Biological ; Jaw/*anatomy & histology ; Lakes ; Malawi ; Pharynx/*anatomy & histology ; Tanzania
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groner, Maya -- Breyta, Rachel -- Dobson, Andy -- Friedman, Carolyn S -- Froelich, Brett -- Garren, Melissa -- Gulland, Frances -- Maynard, Jeffrey -- Weil, Ernesto -- Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy -- Harvell, Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1210. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1210-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada. mgroner@upei.ca. ; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA. ; Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; *Plant Diseases ; *Seawater
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Alternative splicing (AS) generates extensive transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, the functions of species- and lineage-specific splice variants are largely unknown. Here we show that mammalian-specific skipping of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) exon 9 alters the splicing regulatory activities of PTBP1 and affects the inclusion levels of numerous exons. During neurogenesis, skipping of exon 9 reduces PTBP1 repressive activity so as to facilitate activation of a brain-specific AS program. Engineered skipping of the orthologous exon in chicken cells induces a large number of mammalian-like AS changes in PTBP1 target exons. These results thus reveal that a single exon-skipping event in an RNA binding regulator directs numerous AS changes between species. Our results further suggest that these changes contributed to evolutionary differences in the formation of vertebrate nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gueroussov, Serge -- Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis, Thomas -- Irimia, Manuel -- Raj, Bushra -- Lin, Zhen-Yuan -- Gingras, Anne-Claude -- Blencowe, Benjamin J -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):868-73. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. b.blencowe@utoronto.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*embryology ; Chickens ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Exons/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/*genetics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):578-81. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Global Warming ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton ; Species Specificity
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benefit, Brenda R -- McCrossin, Monte L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):515-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. bbenefit@nmsu.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*classification ; Humans ; Hylobates/*classification
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zehr, Jonathan P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zehrj@ucsc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/*physiology ; Diatoms/physiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Organelles/*physiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rau, Greg H -- Greene, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1459. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1459-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ghrau@sbcglobal.net. ; Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, Nicholas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):28-30. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4057. Epub 2015 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Work began at: National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. nick.matzke@anu.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26678877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Natural History/*education ; *Origin of Life ; Phylogeny ; Public Policy
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):389-90. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.389-b. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. rosie.woodroffe@ioz.ac.uk. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. ; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, UK. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1470-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; *Natural Gas ; Oil and Gas Fields/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodroffe, Rosie -- Hedges, Simon -- Durant, Sarah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):46-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Lingham-Soliar questions our interpretation of integumentary structures in the Middle-Late Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Kulindadromeus as feather-like appendages and alternatively proposes that the compound structures observed around the humerus and femur of Kulindadromeus are support fibers associated with badly degraded scales. We consider this hypothesis highly unlikely because of the taphonomy and morphology of the preserved structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godefroit, Pascal -- Sinitsa, Sofia M -- Dhouailly, Danielle -- Bolotsky, Yuri L -- Sizov, Alexander V -- McNamara, Maria E -- Benton, Michael J -- Spagna, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):434. doi: 10.1126/science.1260146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. pascal.godefroit@naturalsciences.be. ; Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology, 26 Butin Street, 672 014 Chita, Russia. ; UJF-CNRS FRE 3405, AGIM, Universite Joseph Fourier, Site Sante, 38 706 La Tronche, France. ; Institute of Geology and Nature Management, FEB RAS, 1 Relochny Street 675 000, Blagoveschensk, Russia. ; Institute of the Earth Crust, SB RAS, 128 Lermontov Street, 664 033 Irkutsk, Russia. ; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Epidermis/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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