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  • 1
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    Pivotal role of STIM2, but not STIM1, in IL-4 production by IL-3-stimulated murine basophils (2019)
    The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Basophils have nonredundant roles in various immune responses that require Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 influx. Here, we examined the role of two Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 sensors, stromal interaction molecule 1 and 2 (STIM1 and STIM2), in basophil activation. We found that loss of STIM1, but not STIM2, impaired basophil IL-4 production after stimulation with immunoglobulin E (IgE)–containing immune complexes. In contrast, when basophils were stimulated with IL-3, loss of STIM2, but not STIM1, reduced basophil IL-4 production. This difference in STIM proteins was associated with distinct time courses of Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 influx and transcription of the 〈i〉Il4〈/i〉 gene that were elicited by each stimulus. Similarly, basophil-specific STIM1 expression was required for IgE-driven chronic allergic inflammation in vivo, whereas STIM2 was required for IL-4 production after combined IL-3 and IL-33 treatment in mice. These data indicate that STIM1 and STIM2 have differential roles in the production of IL-4, which are stimulus dependent. Furthermore, these results illustrate the vital role of STIM2 in basophils, which is often considered to be less important than STIM1.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1945-0877
    Electronic ISSN: 1937-9145
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Analysis of nonlinear intensity attenuation in bright-field TEM images for correct 3D reconstruction of the density in micron-sized materials (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-02
    Description: To obtain the correct tomographic reconstruction of micron-sized materials, the nonlinear intensity attenuation of bright-field transmission electron microscopy (BF-TEM) images was analyzed as a function of the sample thickness using a high-voltage electron microscope. The intensity attenuation was precisely measured relative to the projection thickness of carbon microcoils (CMCs) at acceleration voltages of 400–1000 kV using objective apertures (OAs) with radii of 2.1–28 nm –1 . The results show that the nonlinearity is strongly dependent on the OA size and the acceleration voltage. The influence of nonlinearity on tomographic reconstructions was also examined using a specially developed 360°-tilt sample holder. Sliced images of the reconstructed volumes indicated that an increase in the nonlinearity caused artificial fluctuations in the internal density of materials and inaccurate shapes of the objects in more significant cases. Conditions sufficient for reconstruction with the correct density have been estimated to be 0.67 of the minimum electron transmittance, and for reconstructions with correct shapes, 0.4. This information enables foreseeing the quality of the reconstruction from a single BF-TEM image prior to the tilt-series acquisition. As a result to demonstrate the appropriateness of these conditions, a CMC with a diameter of 3.7 µm was reconstructed successfully; i.e. not only the shape but also the internal density were correctly reproduced using electron tomography.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 3
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    Social evolution. Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human-dog bonds (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Human-like modes of communication, including mutual gaze, in dogs may have been acquired during domestication with humans. We show that gazing behavior from dogs, but not wolves, increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners, which consequently facilitated owners' affiliation and increased oxytocin concentration in dogs. Further, nasally administered oxytocin increased gazing behavior in dogs, which in turn increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners. These findings support the existence of an interspecies oxytocin-mediated positive loop facilitated and modulated by gazing, which may have supported the coevolution of human-dog bonding by engaging common modes of communicating social attachment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagasawa, Miho -- Mitsui, Shouhei -- En, Shiori -- Ohtani, Nobuyo -- Ohta, Mitsuaki -- Sakuma, Yasuo -- Onaka, Tatsushi -- Mogi, Kazutaka -- Kikusui, Takefumi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261022. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. ; University of Tokyo Health Sciences, Tama, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. kikusui@azabu-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bonding, Human-Pet ; *Communication ; Dogs/*psychology ; Female ; *Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Oxytocin/*physiology ; Wolves/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A statistical relation between the X-ray spectral index and Eddington ratio of active galactic nuclei in deep surveys (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-14
    Description: We present an investigation into how well the properties of the accretion flow on to a supermassive black hole may be coupled to those of the overlying hot corona. To do so, we specifically measure the characteristic spectral index, , of a power-law energy distribution, over an energy range of 2–10 keV, for X-ray selected, broad-lined radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN) up to z  ~ 2 in Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and Extended Chandra Deep Field South (E-CDF-S). We test the previously reported dependence between and black hole mass, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and Eddington ratio using a sample of AGN covering a broad range in these parameters based on both the Mg  ii and Hα emission lines with the later afforded by recent near-infrared spectroscopic observations using Subaru/Fibre Multi Object Spectrograph. We calculate the Eddington ratios, Edd , for sources where a bolometric luminosity ( L Bol ) has been presented in the literature, based on spectral energy distribution fitting, or, for sources where these data do not exist, we calculate L Bol using a bolometric correction to the X-ray luminosity, derived from a relationship between the bolometric correction and L X / L 3000 . From a sample of 69 X-ray bright sources (〉250 counts), where can be measured with greatest precision, with an estimate of L Bol , we find a statistically significant correlation between and Edd , which is highly significant with a chance probability of 6.59 x 10 –8 . A statistically significant correlation between and the FWHM of the optical lines is confirmed, but at lower significance than with Edd indicating that Edd is the key parameter driving conditions in the corona. Linear regression analysis reveals that  = (0.32 ± 0.05) log 10 Edd  + (2.27 ± 0.06) and  = (–0.69 ± 0.11) log 10 (FWHM/km s –1 ) + (4.44 ± 0.42). Our results on – Edd are in very good agreement with previous results. While the – Edd relationship means that X-ray spectroscopy may be used to estimate black hole accretion rate, considerable dispersion in the correlation does not make this viable for single sources, however could be valuable for large X-ray spectral samples, such as those to be produced by eROSITA .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Along-trench variation in seafloor displacements after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-20
    Description: The 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake was the largest earthquake ever observed with seafloor geodetic techniques in and around its source region. Large crustal deformation associated with both the coseismic rupture and the rapid postseismic deformation has been reported. However, these observations are insufficient to describe the postseismic deformation processes occurring around the broad rupture area. We report the first results of seafloor Global Positioning System and acoustic ranging (GPS-A) observations based on repeated campaign surveys conducted over nearly 4 years using the extended GPS-A network deployed along the Japan Trench in September 2012. The observed postseismic displacement rates (DRs) show evident spatial variation along the trench: (i) distinct landward DRs in the large coseismic slip area [primary rupture area (PRA)], evidencing the predominance of viscoelastic relaxation; (ii) remarkable trenchward DRs in the south of the PRA, indicating rapid afterslip; and (iii) slight trenchward DRs in the north of the PRA. These features provide great insights into constructing a more complete model of viscoelastic relaxation, and they also indicate spatial variation of afterslip and fault locking along the plate interface with clear spatial resolution, providing invaluable information for the improvement of seismic hazard assessment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Rotational band properties of ^{173}W (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-02
    Description: Author(s): H. X. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, X. H. Zhou, M. L. Liu, B. Ding, G. S. Li, W. Hua, H. B. Zhou, S. Guo, Y. H. Qiang, M. Oshima, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Kimura, H. Harada, K. Furutaka, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura, Y. Hatsukawa, M. Ohta, K. Hara, T. Kin, and J. Meng High-spin states in 173 W have been studied using the 150 Nd( 28 Si,5 n ) 173 W reaction at beam energies of 135 and 140 MeV. The previously known bands associated with the 7/2 + [633], 5/2 − [512], and 1/2 − [521] configurations are extended significantly, and the unfavored signature branch of the 1/2 − [521] band... [Phys. Rev. C 86, 044305] Published Mon Oct 01, 2012
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    A method for integrating and ranking the evidence for biochemical pathways by mining reactions from text (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-24
    Description: Motivation: To create, verify and maintain pathway models, curators must discover and assess knowledge distributed over the vast body of biological literature. Methods supporting these tasks must understand both the pathway model representations and the natural language in the literature. These methods should identify and order documents by relevance to any given pathway reaction. No existing system has addressed all aspects of this challenge. Method: We present novel methods for associating pathway model reactions with relevant publications. Our approach extracts the reactions directly from the models and then turns them into queries for three text mining-based MEDLINE literature search systems. These queries are executed, and the resulting documents are combined and ranked according to their relevance to the reactions of interest. We manually annotate document-reaction pairs with the relevance of the document to the reaction and use this annotation to study several ranking methods, using various heuristic and machine-learning approaches. Results: Our evaluation shows that the annotated document-reaction pairs can be used to create a rule-based document ranking system, and that machine learning can be used to rank documents by their relevance to pathway reactions. We find that a Support Vector Machine-based system outperforms several baselines and matches the performance of the rule-based system. The success of the query extraction and ranking methods are used to update our existing pathway search system, PathText. Availability: An online demonstration of PathText 2 and the annotated corpus are available for research purposes at http://www.nactem.ac.uk/pathtext2/ . Contact: makoto.miwa@manchester.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leupeptin Causes an Accumulation of Lipofuscin-Like Substances and Other Signs of Aging in Kidneys of Young Rats: Further Evidence for the Protease Inhibitor Model of Aging (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 786 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39048.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-DP ANTIGENS AND HTLV-1 ANTIBODY STATUS AMONG JAPANESE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: EVIDENCE FOR AN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF HLA-DPw4. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previously, an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and HLA-DPw4 has been reported in Scandinavians. In the present study, the distribution of HLA-DP antigens was studied in 34 Japanese MS patients, a11 of whom fulfilled the criteria for definite MS. HLA-DP typings for DPwl through w6 and the local specificity, CDP-HEI, were performed using the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. In addition, the patients were typed for a DR2 +, Dw2 +/Dw12–related, PLT defined specificity. The distribution of DPw1-w5 in 121 healthy, unrelated Japanese controls were from Nishimura et al., 1984; Nishimura, personal communication). Sera from all 34 patients and 38 controls (both from the HTLV-1 non-endemic, Kyoto region) were examined for the presence of HTLV-1 reacting antibodies by a highly sensitive radioimmuno assay (RIA) using two sources of HTLV-1 antigens, namely total crude protein preparations from disrupted HTLV-1 virions and affinity purified p24 HTLV-1 core proteins.The frequency of DPw4 was significantly increased to 35.3% in Japanese MS patients compared to 16.5% in controls (Relative Risk, RR = 2.8, p = 1.9 × 10−2). 41.6% of the MS patients gave clear typing responses with a PLT reagent which recognized a Dw2+ related specificity, which is higher than the frequency of Dw2 (6.8%) in Japanese.Fourteen of the 34 patient sera contrasting to none of the sera from 38 controls contained antibodies of IgG and/or IgM subclasses reacting with the HTLV-1 derived antigens. This difference is highly significant (P 〈 1 × 10−5). However, there was no association between DP or Dw2 phenotypes and antibody status.These data provide evidence that genes within (or closely linked to) the HLA-DP region confer susceptibility to MS in two genetically different ethnic groups: Japanese and Scandinavians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1989.tb00496.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further characterization of allergenically active oligosaccharitols isolated from a sea squirt H-antigen
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 290 (1991), S. 474-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90569-5
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