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  • 1
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    Longisquama fossil and feather morphology (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unwin, D M -- Benton, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1899-902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11245191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Evolutionary biology: New take on the Red Queen (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Michael J -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):306-7. doi: 10.1038/463306a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Competitive Behavior ; Genetic Speciation ; *Models, Biological ; Predatory Behavior ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-29
    Description: Spectacular fossils from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of northeastern China have greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity and palaeobiology of dinosaurs and early birds, and contributed to our understanding of the origin of birds, of flight, and of feathers. Pennaceous (vaned) feathers and integumentary filaments are preserved in birds and non-avian theropod dinosaurs, but little is known of their microstructure. Here we report that melanosomes (colour-bearing organelles) are not only preserved in the pennaceous feathers of early birds, but also in an identical manner in integumentary filaments of non-avian dinosaurs, thus refuting recent claims that the filaments are partially decayed dermal collagen fibres. Examples of both eumelanosomes and phaeomelanosomes have been identified, and they are often preserved in life position within the structure of partially degraded feathers and filaments. Furthermore, the data here provide empirical evidence for reconstructing the colours and colour patterning of these extinct birds and theropod dinosaurs: for example, the dark-coloured stripes on the tail of the theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx can reasonably be inferred to have exhibited chestnut to reddish-brown tones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Fucheng -- Kearns, Stuart L -- Orr, Patrick J -- Benton, Michael J -- Zhou, Zhonghe -- Johnson, Diane -- Xu, Xing -- Wang, Xiaolin -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1075-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08740. Epub 2010 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20107440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/classification ; China ; *Color ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Extinction, Biological ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/*cytology/ultrastructure ; *Fossils ; Integumentary System/anatomy & histology ; *Melanosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phylogeny ; *Pigmentation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The Red Queen and the Court Jester: species diversity and the role of biotic and abiotic factors through time (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Evolution may be dominated by biotic factors, as in the Red Queen model, or abiotic factors, as in the Court Jester model, or a mixture of both. The two models appear to operate predominantly over different geographic and temporal scales: Competition, predation, and other biotic factors shape ecosystems locally and over short time spans, but extrinsic factors such as climate and oceanographic and tectonic events shape larger-scale patterns regionally and globally, and through thousands and millions of years. Paleobiological studies suggest that species diversity is driven largely by abiotic factors such as climate, landscape, or food supply, and comparative phylogenetic approaches offer new insights into clade dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):728-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1157719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. mike.benton@bristol.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Geological Phenomena ; Logistic Models ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Response to Comment on "A Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur from Siberia with both feathers and scales" (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Lingham-Soliar questions our interpretation of integumentary structures in the Middle-Late Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Kulindadromeus as feather-like appendages and alternatively proposes that the compound structures observed around the humerus and femur of Kulindadromeus are support fibers associated with badly degraded scales. We consider this hypothesis highly unlikely because of the taphonomy and morphology of the preserved structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godefroit, Pascal -- Sinitsa, Sofia M -- Dhouailly, Danielle -- Bolotsky, Yuri L -- Sizov, Alexander V -- McNamara, Maria E -- Benton, Michael J -- Spagna, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):434. doi: 10.1126/science.1260146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. pascal.godefroit@naturalsciences.be. ; Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology, 26 Butin Street, 672 014 Chita, Russia. ; UJF-CNRS FRE 3405, AGIM, Universite Joseph Fourier, Site Sante, 38 706 La Tronche, France. ; Institute of Geology and Nature Management, FEB RAS, 1 Relochny Street 675 000, Blagoveschensk, Russia. ; Institute of the Earth Crust, SB RAS, 128 Lermontov Street, 664 033 Irkutsk, Russia. ; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Epidermis/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Dating the tree of life (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: The relative merits of molecular and paleontological dates of major branching points in the tree of life are currently debated. In some cases, molecular date estimates are up to twice as old as paleontological dates. However, although it is true that paleontological dates are often too young (missing fossils), molecular dates are often too old (statistical bias). Intense study of the dating of major splits in the tree of mammals has shown rapprochement as fossil dates become older and molecular dates become younger.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Michael J -- Ayala, Francisco J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1698-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. Mike.Benton@bris.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification ; Classification/*methods ; DNA/analysis ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/classification ; Mammals/classification ; *Paleontology ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/classification ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/analysis ; RNA/analysis ; Time ; Vertebrates/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Response (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):618-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17758796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Diversification and extinction in the history of life (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: Analysis of the fossil record of microbes, algae, fungi, protists, plants, and animals shows that the diversity of both marine and continental life increased exponentially since the end of the Precambrian. This diversification was interrupted by mass extinctions, the largest of which occurred in the Early Cambrian, Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, Late Permian, Early Triassic, Late Triassic, and end-Cretaceous. Most of these extinctions were experienced by both marine and continental organisms. As for the periodicity of mass extinctions, no support was found: Seven mass extinction peaks in the last 250 million years are spaced 20 to 60 million years apart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):52-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Late triassic extinctions and the origin of the dinosaurs (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):769-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: The rise and diversification of the dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, from 230 to 200 million years ago, is a classic example of an evolutionary radiation with supposed competitive replacement. A comparison of evolutionary rates and morphological disparity of basal dinosaurs and their chief "competitors," the crurotarsan archosaurs, shows that dinosaurs exhibited lower disparity and an indistinguishable rate of character evolution. The radiation of Triassic archosaurs as a whole is characterized by declining evolutionary rates and increasing disparity, suggesting a decoupling of character evolution from body plan variety. The results strongly suggest that historical contingency, rather than prolonged competition or general "superiority," was the primary factor in the rise of dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brusatte, Stephen L -- Benton, Michael J -- Ruta, Marcello -- Lloyd, Graeme T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1485-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1161833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. brusatte@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; Extinction, Biological ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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