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  • 1
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    The foot of Homo naledi (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-08
    Description: Article Hominin fossils reveal high diversity in the types of terrestrial bipedalism. Here, the authors show that the foot of Homo naledi from South Africa is predominantly human-like in morphology and inferred function and is well adapted for striding bipedalism. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9432 Authors: W. E. H. Harcourt-Smith, Z. Throckmorton, K. A. Congdon, B. Zipfel, A. S. Deane, M. S. M. Drapeau, S. E. Churchill, L. R. Berger, J. M. DeSilva
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new material. These remains share some features with australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens also share derived features with Homo, including more vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the pelvis at this time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Reed, Nichelle D -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1407-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1202521. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Ilium/anatomy & histology ; Ischium/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Male ; Parturition ; Pelvic Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Pelvis/*anatomy & histology ; Pubic Bone/anatomy & histology ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Hand bones from a single individual with a clear taxonomic affiliation are scarce in the hominin fossil record, which has hampered understanding the evolution of manipulative abilities in hominins. Here we describe and analyze a nearly complete wrist and hand of an adult female [Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2)] Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa (1.977 million years ago). The hand presents a suite of Australopithecus-like features, such as a strong flexor apparatus associated with arboreal locomotion, and Homo-like features, such as a long thumb and short fingers associated with precision gripping and possibly stone tool production. Comparisons to other fossil hominins suggest that there were at least two distinct hand morphotypes around the Plio-Pleistocene transition. The MH2 fossils suggest that Au. sediba may represent a basal condition associated with early stone tool use and production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kivell, Tracy L -- Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1411-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1202625. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Carpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hand/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hand Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Motor Activity ; South Africa ; Thumb/anatomy & histology ; Tool Use Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Mandibular remains support taxonomic validity of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Since the announcement of the species Australopithecus sediba, questions have been raised over whether the Malapa fossils represent a valid taxon or whether inadequate allowance was made for intraspecific variation, in particular with reference to the temporally and geographically proximate species Au. africanus. The morphology of mandibular remains of Au. sediba, including newly recovered material discussed here, shows that it is not merely a late-surviving morph of Au. africanus. Rather-as is seen elsewhere in the cranium, dentition, and postcranial skeleton-these mandibular remains share similarities with other australopiths but can be differentiated from the hypodigm of Au. africanus in both size and shape as well as in their ontogenetic growth trajectory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Ruiter, Darryl J -- DeWitt, Thomas J -- Carlson, Keely B -- Brophy, Juliet K -- Schroeder, Lauren -- Ackermann, Rebecca R -- Churchill, Steven E -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1232997. doi: 10.1126/science.1232997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. deruiter@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Male ; Mandible/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Paleodontology ; South Africa ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    World Heritage Site: Many ways to access hominin fossil finds (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Lee R -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):531. doi: 10.1038/523531a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26223614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caves ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; *Museums ; Paleontology/*education ; South Africa ; Students
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: Despite a rich African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossil record, the ancestry of Homo and its relation to earlier australopithecines remain unresolved. Here we report on two partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years. The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together they represent a new species of Australopithecus that is probably descended from Australopithecus africanus. Combined craniodental and postcranial evidence demonstrates that this new species shares more derived features with early Homo than any other australopith species and thus might help reveal the ancestor of that genus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Lee R -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Dirks, Paul H G M -- Kibii, Job M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):195-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1184944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. profleeberger@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Male ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Geological setting and age of Australopithecus sediba from southern Africa (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: We describe the geological, geochronological, geomorphological, and faunal context of the Malapa site and the fossils of Australopithecus sediba. The hominins occur with a macrofauna assemblage that existed in Africa between 2.36 and 1.50 million years ago (Ma). The fossils are encased in water-laid, clastic sediments that were deposited along the lower parts of what is now a deeply eroded cave system, immediately above a flowstone layer with a U-Pb date of 2.026 +/- 0.021 Ma. The flowstone has a reversed paleomagnetic signature and the overlying hominin-bearing sediments are of normal polarity, indicating deposition during the 1.95- to 1.78-Ma Olduvai Subchron. The two hominin specimens were buried together in a single debris flow that lithified soon after deposition in a phreatic environment inaccessible to scavengers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dirks, Paul H G M -- Kibii, Job M -- Kuhn, Brian F -- Steininger, Christine -- Churchill, Steven E -- Kramers, Jan D -- Pickering, Robyn -- Farber, Daniel L -- Meriaux, Anne-Sophie -- Herries, Andy I R -- King, Geoffrey C P -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):205-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. paul.dirks@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; *Hominidae ; Radiometric Dating ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The foot and ankle of Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: A well-preserved and articulated partial foot and ankle of Australopithecus sediba, including an associated complete adult distal tibia, talus, and calcaneus, have been discovered at the Malapa site, South Africa, and reported in direct association with the female paratype Malapa Hominin 2. These fossils reveal a mosaic of primitive and derived features that are distinct from those seen in other hominins. The ankle (talocrural) joint is mostly humanlike in form and inferred function, and there is some evidence for a humanlike arch and Achilles tendon. However, Au. sediba is apelike in possessing a more gracile calcaneal body and a more robust medial malleolus than expected. These observations suggest, if present models of foot function are correct, that Au. sediba may have practiced a unique form of bipedalism and some degree of arboreality. Given the combination of features in the Au. sediba foot, as well as comparisons between Au. sediba and older hominins, homoplasy is implied in the acquisition of bipedal adaptations in the hominin foot.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zipfel, Bernhard -- DeSilva, Jeremy M -- Kidd, Robert S -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Churchill, Steven E -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1417-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1202703. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Post Office Wits, 2050 Wits, South Africa. bernhard.zipfel@wits.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ankle/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ankle Joint/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Calcaneus/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Foot Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Foot Joints/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Talus/anatomy & histology ; Tarsal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Tibia/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The endocast of MH1, Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: The virtual endocast of MH1 (Australopithecus sediba), obtained from high-quality synchrotron scanning, reveals generally australopith-like convolutional patterns on the frontal lobes but also some foreshadowing of features of the human frontal lobes, such as posterior repositioning of the olfactory bulbs. Principal component analysis of orbitofrontal dimensions on australopith endocasts (MH1, Sts 5, and Sts 60) indicates that among these, MH1 orbitofrontal shape and organization align most closely with human endocasts. These results are consistent with gradual neural reorganization of the orbitofrontal region in the transition from Australopithecus to Homo, but given the small volume of the MH1 endocast, they are not consistent with gradual brain enlargement before the transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, Kristian J -- Stout, Dietrich -- Jashashvili, Tea -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Tafforeau, Paul -- Carlson, Keely -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1402-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1203922. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Palaeosciences Centre, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. kristian.carlson@wits.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Fossils ; Frontal Lobe/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology ; Organ Size ; Principal Component Analysis ; Skull/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; South Africa ; Synchrotrons ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Australopithecus sediba at 1.977 Ma and implications for the origins of the genus Homo (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Newly exposed cave sediments at the Malapa site include a flowstone layer capping the sedimentary unit containing the Australopithecus sediba fossils. Uranium-lead dating of the flowstone, combined with paleomagnetic and stratigraphic analysis of the flowstone and underlying sediments, provides a tightly constrained date of 1.977 +/- 0.002 million years ago (Ma) for these fossils. This refined dating suggests that Au. sediba from Malapa predates the earliest uncontested evidence for Homo in Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickering, Robyn -- Dirks, Paul H G M -- Jinnah, Zubair -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Churchil, Steven E -- Herries, Andy I R -- Woodhead, Jon D -- Hellstrom, John C -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1421-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1203697. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. r.pickering@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Geology/methods ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Magnetics ; Radiometric Dating ; South Africa ; Time ; Uranium
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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