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  • Mutation  (2,852)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,857)
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Cancer genome characterization has revealed driver mutations in genes that govern ubiquitylation; however, the mechanisms by which these alterations promote tumorigenesis remain incompletely characterized. Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. We highlight DEK as a SPOP substrate that exhibited decreases in ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation resulting from heteromeric complexes of wild-type and mutant SPOP protein. DEK stabilization promoted prostate epithelial cell invasion, which implicated DEK as an oncogenic effector. More generally, these results provide a framework to decipher tumorigenic mechanisms linked to dysregulated ubiquitylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257137/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257137/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Theurillat, Jean-Philippe P -- Udeshi, Namrata D -- Errington, Wesley J -- Svinkina, Tanya -- Baca, Sylvan C -- Pop, Marius -- Wild, Peter J -- Blattner, Mirjam -- Groner, Anna C -- Rubin, Mark A -- Moch, Holger -- Prive, Gilbert G -- Carr, Steven A -- Garraway, Levi A -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1250255. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. ; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, ZH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Carcinogenesis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination/*genetics
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  • 102
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4162091/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4162091/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haynes, Barton F -- Verkoczy, Laurent -- R01-AI87202/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1-AI00645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):588-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1254990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Medicine, Immunology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis/genetics/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Seropositivity/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Molecular Mimicry/immunology ; Mutation ; Plasma Cells/immunology ; Polysaccharides/immunology
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  • 103
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, Robert S -- Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1146. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6213.1146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trisha Gura is a freelance writer who lives in Boston. For more on life and careers visit www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; *Career Choice ; Chemical Engineering ; *Entrepreneurship ; *Science
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Under resting conditions, Pink1 knockout cells and cells derived from patients with PINK1 mutations display a loss of mitochondrial complex I reductive activity, causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Analyzing the phosphoproteome of complex I in liver and brain from Pink1(-/-) mice, we found specific loss of phosphorylation of serine-250 in complex I subunit NdufA10. Phosphorylation of serine-250 was needed for ubiquinone reduction by complex I. Phosphomimetic NdufA10 reversed Pink1 deficits in mouse knockout cells and rescued mitochondrial depolarization and synaptic transmission defects in pink(B9)-null mutant Drosophila. Complex I deficits and adenosine triphosphate synthesis were also rescued in cells derived from PINK1 patients. Thus, this evolutionary conserved pathway may contribute to the pathogenic cascade that eventually leads to Parkinson's disease in patients with PINK1 mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morais, Vanessa A -- Haddad, Dominik -- Craessaerts, Katleen -- De Bock, Pieter-Jan -- Swerts, Jef -- Vilain, Sven -- Aerts, Liesbeth -- Overbergh, Lut -- Grunewald, Anne -- Seibler, Philip -- Klein, Christine -- Gevaert, Kris -- Verstreken, Patrik -- De Strooper, Bart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):203-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1249161. Epub 2014 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24652937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex I/*metabolism ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/*enzymology/*genetics ; Phosphorylation/genetics ; Protein Kinases/*genetics ; Proteome ; Serine/chemistry/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: A key question in ecology and evolution is the relative role of natural selection and neutral evolution in producing biogeographic patterns. We quantify the role of neutral processes by simulating division, mutation, and death of 100,000 individual marine bacteria cells with full 1 million-base-pair genomes in a global surface ocean circulation model. The model is run for up to 100,000 years and output is analyzed using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) alignment and metagenomics fragment recruitment. Simulations show the production and maintenance of biogeographic patterns, characterized by distinct provinces subject to mixing and periodic takeovers by neighbors (coalescence), after which neutral evolution reestablishes the province and the patterns reorganize. The emergent patterns are substantial (e.g., down to 99.5% DNA identity between North and Central Pacific provinces) and suggest that microbes evolve faster than ocean currents can disperse them. This approach can also be used to explore environmental selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hellweger, Ferdi L -- van Sebille, Erik -- Fredrick, Neil D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1346-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1254421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ferdi@coe.neu.edu. ; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Genetic Variation ; *Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeography ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Limited evidence exists that humans mount a mutation-specific T cell response to epithelial cancers. We used a whole-exomic-sequencing-based approach to demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma contained CD4+ T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells recognizing a mutation in erbb2 interacting protein (ERBB2IP) expressed by the cancer. After adoptive transfer of TIL containing about 25% mutation-specific polyfunctional T(H)1 cells, the patient achieved a decrease in target lesions with prolonged stabilization of disease. Upon disease progression, the patient was retreated with a 〉95% pure population of mutation-reactive T(H)1 cells and again experienced tumor regression. These results provide evidence that a CD4+ T cell response against a mutated antigen can be harnessed to mediate regression of a metastatic epithelial cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Eric -- Turcotte, Simon -- Gros, Alena -- Robbins, Paul F -- Lu, Yong-Chen -- Dudley, Mark E -- Wunderlich, John R -- Somerville, Robert P -- Hogan, Katherine -- Hinrichs, Christian S -- Parkhurst, Maria R -- Yang, James C -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):641-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Adoptive Transfer/*methods ; Adult ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics/*therapy ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Exome ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*transplantation ; Mutation ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/*transplantation
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Signaling from JAK (Janus kinase) protein kinases to STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) transcription factors is key to many aspects of biology and medicine, yet the mechanism by which cytokine receptors initiate signaling is enigmatic. We present a complete mechanistic model for activation of receptor-bound JAK2, based on an archetypal cytokine receptor, the growth hormone receptor. For this, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to monitor positioning of the JAK2 binding motif in the receptor dimer, substitution of the receptor extracellular domains with Jun zippers to control the position of its transmembrane (TM) helices, atomistic modeling of TM helix movements, and docking of the crystal structures of the JAK2 kinase and its inhibitory pseudokinase domain with an opposing kinase-pseudokinase domain pair. Activation of the receptor dimer induced a separation of its JAK2 binding motifs, driven by a ligand-induced transition from a parallel TM helix pair to a left-handed crossover arrangement. This separation leads to removal of the pseudokinase domain from the kinase domain of the partner JAK2 and pairing of the two kinase domains, facilitating trans-activation. This model may well generalize to other class I cytokine receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, Andrew J -- Dai, Wei -- O'Mara, Megan L -- Abankwa, Daniel -- Chhabra, Yash -- Pelekanos, Rebecca A -- Gardon, Olivier -- Tunny, Kathryn A -- Blucher, Kristopher M -- Morton, Craig J -- Parker, Michael W -- Sierecki, Emma -- Gambin, Yann -- Gomez, Guillermo A -- Alexandrov, Kirill -- Wilson, Ian A -- Doxastakis, Manolis -- Mark, Alan E -- Waters, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):1249783. doi: 10.1126/science.1249783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. m.waters@uq.edu.au a.brooks@uq.edu.au. ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA. ; The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Biota Structural Biology Laboratory and Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. ; Biota Structural Biology Laboratory and Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. ; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Somatotropin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Ethanol production for use as a biofuel is mainly achieved through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by yeast. Operating at 〉/=40 degrees C would be beneficial in terms of increasing efficiency of the process and reducing costs, but yeast does not grow efficiently at those temperatures. We used adaptive laboratory evolution to select yeast strains with improved growth and ethanol production at 〉/=40 degrees C. Sequencing of the whole genome, genome-wide gene expression, and metabolic-flux analyses revealed a change in sterol composition, from ergosterol to fecosterol, caused by mutations in the C-5 sterol desaturase gene, and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis. Additionally, large chromosome III rearrangements and mutations in genes associated with DNA damage and respiration were found, but contributed less to the thermotolerant phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caspeta, Luis -- Chen, Yun -- Ghiaci, Payam -- Feizi, Amir -- Buskov, Steen -- Hallstrom, Bjorn M -- Petranovic, Dina -- Nielsen, Jens -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):75-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258137. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers Unversity of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Novozymes, Analytical Science, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark. ; Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers Unversity of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers Unversity of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. nielsenj@chalmers.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; DNA Damage/genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Ergosterol/*analogs & derivatives/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; Ethanol/*metabolism ; Fermentation/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal/genetics ; *Hot Temperature ; Mutation ; Oxidoreductases/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Mining modern genomics for cancer therapies is predicated on weeding out "bystander" alterations (nonconsequential mutations) and identifying "driver" mutations responsible for tumorigenesis and/or metastasis. We used a direct in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to screen for genes that upon repression predispose mice to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Seven of our top hits-including Myh9, which encodes nonmuscle myosin IIa-have not been linked to tumor development, yet tissue-specific Myh9 RNAi and Myh9 knockout trigger invasive SCC formation on tumor-susceptible backgrounds. In human and mouse keratinocytes, myosin IIa's function is manifested not only in conventional actin-related processes but also in regulating posttranscriptional p53 stabilization. Myosin IIa is diminished in human SCCs with poor survival, which suggests that in vivo RNAi technology might be useful for identifying potent but low-penetrance tumor suppressors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159249/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159249/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schramek, Daniel -- Sendoel, Ataman -- Segal, Jeremy P -- Beronja, Slobodan -- Heller, Evan -- Oristian, Daniel -- Reva, Boris -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R37 AR027883/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37-AR27883/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):309-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1248627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics/*pathology ; Genetic Testing ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Motor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics/*physiology ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA/genetics/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology
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  • 110
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):684-5. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6210.684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Ebolavirus/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Although interferon (IFN) signaling induces genes that limit viral infection, many pathogenic viruses overcome this host response. As an example, 2'-O methylation of the 5' cap of viral RNA subverts mammalian antiviral responses by evading restriction of Ifit1, an IFN-stimulated gene that regulates protein synthesis. However, alphaviruses replicate efficiently in cells expressing Ifit1 even though their genomic RNA has a 5' cap lacking 2'-O methylation. We show that pathogenic alphaviruses use secondary structural motifs within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of their RNA to alter Ifit1 binding and function. Mutations within the 5'-UTR affecting RNA structural elements enabled restriction by or antagonism of Ifit1 in vitro and in vivo. These results identify an evasion mechanism by which viruses use RNA structural motifs to avoid immune restriction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209899/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209899/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyde, Jennifer L -- Gardner, Christina L -- Kimura, Taishi -- White, James P -- Liu, Gai -- Trobaugh, Derek W -- Huang, Cheng -- Tonelli, Marco -- Paessler, Slobodan -- Takeda, Kiyoshi -- Klimstra, William B -- Amarasinghe, Gaya K -- Diamond, Michael S -- AI049820/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P41GM66326/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR02301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI104972/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI083019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000071/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1TR000071/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):783-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248465. Epub 2014 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/immunology ; Alphavirus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Alphavirus Infections/*immunology/virology ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Caps/*chemistry/*immunology ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/*immunology ; Virus Replication
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  • 112
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1276.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antimalarials/*pharmacology ; Artemisinins/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/*genetics/growth & development ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: Microbial reduction of ferric iron [Fe(III)] is an important biogeochemical process in anoxic aquifers. Depending on groundwater pH, dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria can also respire alternative electron acceptors to survive, including elemental sulfur (S(0)). To understand the interplay of Fe/S cycling under alkaline conditions, we combined thermodynamic geochemical modeling with bioreactor experiments using Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Under these conditions, S. oneidensis can enzymatically reduce S(0) but not goethite (alpha-FeOOH). The HS(-) produced subsequently reduces goethite abiotically. Because of the prevalence of alkaline conditions in many aquifers, Fe(III) reduction may thus proceed via S(0)-mediated electron-shuttling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, Theodore M -- O'Loughlin, Edward J -- Mishra, Bhoopesh -- DiChristina, Thomas J -- Kemner, Kenneth M -- HHSN272200900040C/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1039-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1252066. Epub 2014 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA. ; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. kemner@anl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24789972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkalies/chemistry ; Bioreactors ; Electron Transport ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Compounds/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Minerals/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Shewanella/*enzymology/genetics ; Sulfur/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2014-11-22
    Description: Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is an aggressive disease that is rising in incidence. Although melanoma is a historically treatment-resistant malignancy, in recent years unprecedented breakthroughs in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the standard of care for patients with advanced disease. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in our understanding of melanoma risk factors, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis and how these insights have driven advances in melanoma treatment. In addition, we review benefits and limitations of current therapies and look ahead to continued progress in melanoma prevention and therapy. Remarkable achievements in the field have already produced a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment: Metastatic melanoma, once considered incurable, can now be treated with potentially curative rather than palliative intent.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701046/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4701046/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, Jennifer A -- Fisher, David E -- P01 CA163222/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA163222/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR043369/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA150226/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01AR043369/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA150226/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):945-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1253735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dfisher3@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogenesis/genetics/*pathology ; Drug Approval ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Melanocytes/*pathology ; Melanoma/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Flaviviruses are emerging human pathogens and worldwide health threats. During infection, pathogenic subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) are produced by resisting degradation by the 5'--〉3' host cell exonuclease Xrn1 through an unknown RNA structure-based mechanism. Here, we present the crystal structure of a complete Xrn1-resistant flaviviral RNA, which contains interwoven pseudoknots within a compact structure that depends on highly conserved nucleotides. The RNA's three-dimensional topology creates a ringlike conformation, with the 5' end of the resistant structure passing through the ring from one side of the fold to the other. Disruption of this structure prevents formation of sfRNA during flaviviral infection. Thus, sfRNA formation results from an RNA fold that interacts directly with Xrn1, presenting the enzyme with a structure that confounds its helicase activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163914/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163914/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Erich G -- Costantino, David A -- Rabe, Jennifer L -- Moon, Stephanie L -- Wilusz, Jeffrey -- Nix, Jay C -- Kieft, Jeffrey S -- P30 CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI-065357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):307-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1250897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Exoribonucleases/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: Regulation of cell volume is critical for many cellular and organismal functions, yet the molecular identity of a key player, the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC, has remained unknown. A genome-wide small interfering RNA screen in mammalian cells identified LRRC8A as a VRAC component. LRRC8A formed heteromers with other LRRC8 multispan membrane proteins. Genomic disruption of LRRC8A ablated VRAC currents. Cells with disruption of all five LRRC8 genes required LRRC8A cotransfection with other LRRC8 isoforms to reconstitute VRAC currents. The isoform combination determined VRAC inactivation kinetics. Taurine flux and regulatory volume decrease also depended on LRRC8 proteins. Our work shows that VRAC defines a class of anion channels, suggests that VRAC is identical to the volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channel VSOAC, and explains the heterogeneity of native VRAC currents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Voss, Felizia K -- Ullrich, Florian -- Munch, Jonas -- Lazarow, Katina -- Lutter, Darius -- Mah, Nancy -- Andrade-Navarro, Miguel A -- von Kries, Jens P -- Stauber, Tobias -- Jentsch, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):634-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252826. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leibniz-Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24790029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agammaglobulinemia/genetics ; *Cell Size ; Chloride Channels/*metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; HCT116 Cells ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Taurine/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function. Although the genetic basis is partly understood, only a fraction of cases can receive a genetic diagnosis, and a global view of HSP is lacking. By using whole-exome sequencing in combination with network analysis, we identified 18 previously unknown putative HSP genes and validated nearly all of these genes functionally or genetically. The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. Network analysis revealed a host of further candidate genes, of which three were mutated in our cohort. Our analysis links HSP to other neurodegenerative disorders and can facilitate gene discovery and mechanistic understanding of disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novarino, Gaia -- Fenstermaker, Ali G -- Zaki, Maha S -- Hofree, Matan -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Heiberg, Andrew D -- Abdellateef, Mostafa -- Rosti, Basak -- Scott, Eric -- Mansour, Lobna -- Masri, Amira -- Kayserili, Hulya -- Al-Aama, Jumana Y -- Abdel-Salam, Ghada M H -- Karminejad, Ariana -- Kara, Majdi -- Kara, Bulent -- Bozorgmehri, Bita -- Ben-Omran, Tawfeg -- Mojahedi, Faezeh -- Mahmoud, Iman Gamal El Din -- Bouslam, Naima -- Bouhouche, Ahmed -- Benomar, Ali -- Hanein, Sylvain -- Raymond, Laure -- Forlani, Sylvie -- Mascaro, Massimo -- Selim, Laila -- Shehata, Nabil -- Al-Allawi, Nasir -- Bindu, P S -- Azam, Matloob -- Gunel, Murat -- Caglayan, Ahmet -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Tolun, Aslihan -- Issa, Mahmoud Y -- Schroth, Jana -- Spencer, Emily G -- Rosti, Rasim O -- Akizu, Naiara -- Vaux, Keith K -- Johansen, Anide -- Koh, Alice A -- Megahed, Hisham -- Durr, Alexandra -- Brice, Alexis -- Stevanin, Giovanni -- Gabriel, Stacy B -- Ideker, Trey -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- HHSN268200782096C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN268201100011/PHS HHS/ -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS041537/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS052455/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):506-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1247363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Exome/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleotides/genetics/metabolism ; Pyramidal Tracts/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/*genetics ; Synapses/physiology ; Transcriptome ; Zebrafish
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  • 118
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friend, Stephen H -- Schadt, Eric E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):970-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1255648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA. friend@sagebase.org eric.schadt@exchange.mssm.edu. ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA. friend@sagebase.org eric.schadt@exchange.mssm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA Mutational Analysis ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics/*therapy ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genomics ; *Health ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/*trends ; Mutation
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: Social familiarity affects mating preference among various vertebrates. Here, we show that visual contact of a potential mating partner before mating (visual familiarization) enhances female preference for the familiarized male, but not for an unfamiliarized male, in medaka fish. Terminal-nerve gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 (TN-GnRH3) neurons, an extrahypothalamic neuromodulatory system, function as a gate for activating mating preferences based on familiarity. Basal levels of TN-GnRH3 neuronal activity suppress female receptivity for any male (default mode). Visual familiarization facilitates TN-GnRH3 neuron activity (preference mode), which correlates with female preference for the familiarized male. GnRH3 peptides, which are synthesized specifically in TN-GnRH3 neurons, are required for the mode-switching via self-facilitation. Our study demonstrates the central neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of medaka female mating preference based on visual social familiarity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okuyama, Teruhiro -- Yokoi, Saori -- Abe, Hideki -- Isoe, Yasuko -- Suehiro, Yuji -- Imada, Haruka -- Tanaka, Minoru -- Kawasaki, Takashi -- Yuba, Shunsuke -- Taniguchi, Yoshihito -- Kamei, Yasuhiro -- Okubo, Kataaki -- Shimada, Atsuko -- Naruse, Kiyoshi -- Takeda, Hiroyuki -- Oka, Yoshitaka -- Kubo, Takeo -- Takeuchi, Hideaki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):91-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*physiology ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oryzias/genetics/*physiology ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/*analogs & derivatives ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Sex Factors ; *Visual Perception
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors are crucial to the structural and dynamic properties of the brain, to the development and function of the central nervous system, and to the treatment of neurological conditions from depression to cognitive impairment. However, the molecular principles underlying AMPA receptor activation have remained elusive. We determined multiple x-ray crystal structures of the GluA2 AMPA receptor in complex with a Conus striatus cone snail toxin, a positive allosteric modulator, and orthosteric agonists, at 3.8 to 4.1 angstrom resolution. We show how the toxin acts like a straightjacket on the ligand-binding domain (LBD) "gating ring," restraining the domains via both intra- and interdimer cross-links such that agonist-induced closure of the LBD "clamshells" is transduced into an irislike expansion of the gating ring. By structural analysis of activation-enhancing mutants, we show how the expansion of the LBD gating ring results in pulling forces on the M3 helices that, in turn, are coupled to ion channel gating.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263349/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263349/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lei -- Durr, Katharina L -- Gouaux, Eric -- F32 MH100331/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH100331/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038631/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS038631/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1021-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1258409. Epub 2014 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. ; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. gouauxe@ohsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25103405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conotoxins/*chemistry ; Conus Snail ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Ligands ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/*agonists/*chemistry/genetics
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  • 121
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: Biosynthesis of ubiquinones requires the intramembrane UbiA enzyme, an archetypal member of a superfamily of prenyltransferases that generates lipophilic aromatic compounds. Mutations in eukaryotic superfamily members have been linked to cardiovascular degeneration and Parkinson's disease. To understand how quinones are produced within membranes, we report the crystal structures of an archaeal UbiA in its apo and substrate-bound states at 3.3 and 3.6 angstrom resolution, respectively. The structures reveal nine transmembrane helices and an extramembrane cap domain that surround a large central cavity containing the active site. To facilitate the catalysis inside membranes, UbiA has an unusual active site that opens laterally to the lipid bilayer. Our studies illuminate general mechanisms for substrate recognition and catalysis in the UbiA superfamily and rationalize disease-related mutations in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Wei -- Li, Weikai -- 5R00HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL097083/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL121718/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):878-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1246774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aeropyrum/enzymology ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Cardiovascular Abnormalities/genetics ; Catalysis ; *Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*enzymology ; Dimethylallyltranstransferase/*chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Mutation ; Parkinson Disease ; Periplasm/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Substrate Specificity ; Ubiquinone/*biosynthesis
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  • 122
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1438-9. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6203.1438.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/abnormalities ; Brain Diseases/*genetics ; Child ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; *Genetic Testing ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics ; *Mosaicism ; Mutation ; Zygote
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is an essential signaling molecule that is perceived in mammals by plasma membrane P2-type purinoceptors. Similar ATP receptors do not exist in plants, although extracellular ATP has been shown to play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here, we identify an ATP-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant, dorn1 (Does not Respond to Nucleotides 1), defective in lectin receptor kinase I.9 (Arabidopsis Information Resource accession code At5g60300). DORN1 binds ATP with high affinity (dissociation constant of 45.7 +/- 3.1 nanomolar) and is required for ATP-induced calcium response, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and gene expression. Ectopic expression of DORN1 increased the plant response to physical wounding. We propose that DORN1 is essential for perception of extracellular ATP and likely plays a variety of roles in plant stress resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jeongmin -- Tanaka, Kiwamu -- Cao, Yangrong -- Qi, Yue -- Qiu, Jing -- Liang, Yan -- Lee, Sang Yeol -- Stacey, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):290-4. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Divisions of Biochemistry and Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Mitogen/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/genetics/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: The emergence of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia imperils efforts to reduce the global malaria burden. We genetically modified the Plasmodium falciparum K13 locus using zinc-finger nucleases and measured ring-stage survival rates after drug exposure in vitro; these rates correlate with parasite clearance half-lives in artemisinin-treated patients. With isolates from Cambodia, where resistance first emerged, survival rates decreased from 13 to 49% to 0.3 to 2.4% after the removal of K13 mutations. Conversely, survival rates in wild-type parasites increased from 〈/=0.6% to 2 to 29% after the insertion of K13 mutations. These mutations conferred elevated resistance to recent Cambodian isolates compared with that of reference lines, suggesting a contemporary contribution of additional genetic factors. Our data provide a conclusive rationale for worldwide K13-propeller sequencing to identify and eliminate artemisinin-resistant parasites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349400/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349400/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Straimer, Judith -- Gnadig, Nina F -- Witkowski, Benoit -- Amaratunga, Chanaki -- Duru, Valentine -- Ramadani, Arba Pramundita -- Dacheux, Melanie -- Khim, Nimol -- Zhang, Lei -- Lam, Stephen -- Gregory, Philip D -- Urnov, Fyodor D -- Mercereau-Puijalon, Odile -- Benoit-Vical, Francoise -- Fairhurst, Rick M -- Menard, Didier -- Fidock, David A -- R01 AI109023/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):428-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1260867. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. ; Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. ; Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR8241, Toulouse, France. Universite de Toulouse, UPS, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. ; Sangamo BioSciences, Richmond, CA, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Parasite Molecular Immunology Unit, Paris, France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. df2260@columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antimalarials/*pharmacology ; Artemisinins/*pharmacology ; Cambodia ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Genetic Loci ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/*genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Oxamniquine resistance evolved in the human blood fluke (Schistosoma mansoni) in Brazil in the 1970s. We crossed parental parasites differing ~500-fold in drug response, determined drug sensitivity and marker segregation in clonally derived second-generation progeny, and identified a single quantitative trait locus (logarithm of odds = 31) on chromosome 6. A sulfotransferase was identified as the causative gene by using RNA interference knockdown and biochemical complementation assays, and we subsequently demonstrated independent origins of loss-of-function mutations in field-derived and laboratory-selected resistant parasites. These results demonstrate the utility of linkage mapping in a human helminth parasite, while crystallographic analyses of protein-drug interactions illuminate the mode of drug action and provide a framework for rational design of oxamniquine derivatives that kill both S. mansoni and S. haematobium, the two species responsible for 〉99% of schistosomiasis cases worldwide.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136436/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valentim, Claudia L L -- Cioli, Donato -- Chevalier, Frederic D -- Cao, Xiaohang -- Taylor, Alexander B -- Holloway, Stephen P -- Pica-Mattoccia, Livia -- Guidi, Alessandra -- Basso, Annalisa -- Tsai, Isheng J -- Berriman, Matthew -- Carvalho-Queiroz, Claudia -- Almeida, Marcio -- Aguilar, Hector -- Frantz, Doug E -- Hart, P John -- LoVerde, Philip T -- Anderson, Timothy J C -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5R21-AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R21-AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- C06 RR013556/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272201000005I/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI097576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI072704/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI096277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1385-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1243106. Epub 2013 Nov 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Linkage ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxamniquine/*pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Interference ; Schistosoma mansoni/*drug effects/*genetics ; Schistosomicides/*pharmacology ; Sulfotransferases/chemistry/classification/*genetics
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: HSP-100 protein machines, such as ClpB, play an essential role in reactivating protein aggregates that can otherwise be lethal to cells. Although the players involved are known, including the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone system in bacteria, details of the molecular interactions are not well understood. Using methyl-transverse relaxation-optimized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we present an atomic-resolution model for the ClpB-DnaK complex, which we verified by mutagenesis and functional assays. ClpB and GrpE compete for binding to the DnaK nucleotide binding domain, with GrpE binding inhibiting disaggregation. DnaK, in turn, plays a dual role in both disaggregation and subsequent refolding of polypeptide chains as they emerge from the aggregate. On the basis of a combined structural-biochemical analysis, we propose a model for the mechanism of protein aggregate reactivation by ClpB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenzweig, Rina -- Moradi, Shoeib -- Zarrine-Afsar, Arash -- Glover, John R -- Kay, Lewis E -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1080-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1233066. Epub 2013 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. rina.rosenzweig@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/genetics ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Hydrolysis ; *Models, Chemical ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Multimerization ; *Protein Refolding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Thermus thermophilus
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate alpha-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of alpha-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated alpha-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of alpha-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of alpha-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jae, Lucas T -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Riemersma, Moniek -- van Beusekom, Ellen -- Blomen, Vincent A -- Velds, Arno -- Kerkhoven, Ron M -- Carette, Jan E -- Topaloglu, Haluk -- Meinecke, Peter -- Wessels, Marja W -- Lefeber, Dirk J -- Whelan, Sean P -- van Bokhoven, Hans -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/*metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Haploidy ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lassa Fever/*genetics/virology ; Lassa virus/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteome/*metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome/*genetics
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Evidence for transcriptional feedback in circadian timekeeping is abundant, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying translational control. We found that ATAXIN-2 (ATX2), an RNA-associated protein involved in neurodegenerative disease, is a translational activator of the rate-limiting clock component PERIOD (PER) in Drosophila. ATX2 specifically interacted with TWENTY-FOUR (TYF), an activator of PER translation. RNA interference-mediated depletion of Atx2 or the expression of a mutant ATX2 protein that does not associate with polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) suppressed behavioral rhythms and decreased abundance of PER. Although ATX2 can repress translation, depletion of Atx2 from Drosophila S2 cells inhibited translational activation by RNA-tethered TYF and disrupted the association between TYF and PABP. Thus, ATX2 coordinates an active translation complex important for PER expression and circadian rhythms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Chunghun -- Allada, Ravi -- R01NS059042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):875-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1234785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism/*physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference
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  • 129
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361224/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361224/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fidock, David A -- R01 AI050234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1531-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1240539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. df2260@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antimalarials/*administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/*administration & dosage ; Child ; DNA Mismatch Repair/*genetics ; Disease Eradication/*methods ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/*prevention & control ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects/*genetics
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: Epistatic interactions between mutant sites in the same protein can exert a strong influence on pathways of molecular evolution. We performed protein engineering experiments that revealed pervasive epistasis among segregating amino acid variants that contribute to adaptive functional variation in deer mouse hemoglobin (Hb). Amino acid mutations increased or decreased Hb-O2 affinity depending on the allelic state of other sites. Structural analysis revealed that epistasis for Hb-O2 affinity and allosteric regulatory control is attributable to indirect interactions between structurally remote sites. The prevalence of sign epistasis for fitness-related biochemical phenotypes has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of protein polymorphism in natural populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Natarajan, Chandrasekhar -- Inoguchi, Noriko -- Weber, Roy E -- Fago, Angela -- Moriyama, Hideaki -- Storz, Jay F -- HL087216-S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1324-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1236862.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Genetic Variation ; Hemoglobins/*chemistry/*genetics ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mutation ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; alpha-Globins/chemistry/genetics ; beta-Globins/genetics
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Cancer is a disease in which cells accumulate genetic aberrations that are believed to confer a clonal advantage over cells in the surrounding tissue. However, the quantitative benefit of frequently occurring mutations during tumor development remains unknown. We quantified the competitive advantage of Apc loss, Kras activation, and P53 mutations in the mouse intestine. Our findings indicate that the fate conferred by these mutations is not deterministic, and many mutated stem cells are replaced by wild-type stem cells after biased, but still stochastic events. Furthermore, P53 mutations display a condition-dependent advantage, and especially in colitis-affected intestines, clones harboring mutations in this gene are favored. Our work confirms the previously theoretical notion that the tissue architecture of the intestine suppresses the accumulation of mutated lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vermeulen, Louis -- Morrissey, Edward -- van der Heijden, Maartje -- Nicholson, Anna M -- Sottoriva, Andrea -- Buczacki, Simon -- Kemp, Richard -- Tavare, Simon -- Winton, Douglas J -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):995-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1243148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/*pathology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Dominant mutations in sarcomere proteins such as the myosin heavy chains (MHC) are the leading genetic causes of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. We found that expression of the HCM-causing cardiac MHC gene (Myh6) R403Q mutation in mice can be selectively silenced by an RNA interference (RNAi) cassette delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector. RNAi-transduced MHC(403/+) mice developed neither hypertrophy nor myocardial fibrosis, the pathologic manifestations of HCM, for at least 6 months. Because inhibition of HCM was achieved by only a 25% reduction in the levels of the mutant transcripts, we suggest that the variable clinical phenotype in HCM patients reflects allele-specific expression and that partial silencing of mutant transcripts may have therapeutic benefit.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100553/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100553/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Jianming -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, Christine E -- R01 HL084553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL084553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL066582/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01HL098166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):111-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1236921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; Dependovirus ; Fibrosis ; Gene Silencing ; *Genetic Therapy ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myosin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; *RNA Interference
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: The identification of precise mutations is required for a complete understanding of the underlying molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving adaptive phenotypic change. Using plasticine models in the field, we show that the light coat color of deer mice that recently colonized the light-colored soil of the Nebraska Sand Hills provides a strong selective advantage against visually hunting predators. Color variation in an admixed population suggests that this light Sand Hills phenotype is composed of multiple traits. We identified distinct regions within the Agouti locus associated with each color trait and found that only haplotypes associated with light trait values have evidence of selection. Thus, local adaptation is the result of independent selection on many mutations within a single locus, each with a specific effect on an adaptive phenotype, thereby minimizing pleiotropic consequences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836219/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836219/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, Catherine R -- Poh, Yu-Ping -- Peterson, Brant K -- Barrett, Rowan D H -- Larson, Joanna G -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Hoekstra, Hopi E -- 308796/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1312-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1233213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA. catherine.linnen@uky.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color ; Food Chain ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Organic Chemicals ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. A previously uncharacterized Pgt race, designated Ug99, has overcome most of the widely used resistance genes and is threatening major wheat production areas. Here, we demonstrate that the Sr35 gene from Triticum monococcum is a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat gene that confers near immunity to Ug99 and related races. This gene is absent in the A-genome diploid donor and in polyploid wheat but is effective when transferred from T. monococcum to polyploid wheat. The cloning of Sr35 opens the door to the use of biotechnological approaches to control this devastating disease and to analyses of the molecular interactions that define the wheat-rust pathosystem.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748951/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748951/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saintenac, Cyrille -- Zhang, Wenjun -- Salcedo, Andres -- Rouse, Matthew N -- Trick, Harold N -- Akhunov, Eduard -- Dubcovsky, Jorge -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):783-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1239022. Epub 2013 Jun 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Basidiomycota/pathogenicity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polyploidy ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Triticum/*genetics/immunology/microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: A variant upstream of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) shows the most significant genome-wide effect on HIV control in European Americans and is also associated with the level of HLA-C expression. We characterized the differential cell surface expression levels of all common HLA-C allotypes and tested directly for effects of HLA-C expression on outcomes of HIV infection in 5243 individuals. Increasing HLA-C expression was associated with protection against multiple outcomes independently of individual HLA allelic effects in both African and European Americans, regardless of their distinct HLA-C frequencies and linkage relationships with HLA-B and HLA-A. Higher HLA-C expression was correlated with increased likelihood of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and frequency of viral escape mutation. In contrast, high HLA-C expression had a deleterious effect in Crohn's disease, suggesting a broader influence of HLA expression levels in human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Apps, Richard -- Qi, Ying -- Carlson, Jonathan M -- Chen, Haoyan -- Gao, Xiaojiang -- Thomas, Rasmi -- Yuki, Yuko -- Del Prete, Greg Q -- Goulder, Philip -- Brumme, Zabrina L -- Brumme, Chanson J -- John, Mina -- Mallal, Simon -- Nelson, George -- Bosch, Ronald -- Heckerman, David -- Stein, Judy L -- Soderberg, Kelly A -- Moody, M Anthony -- Denny, Thomas N -- Zeng, Xue -- Fang, Jingyuan -- Moffett, Ashley -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Goedert, James J -- Buchbinder, Susan -- Kirk, Gregory D -- Fellay, Jacques -- McLaren, Paul -- Deeks, Steven G -- Pereyra, Florencia -- Walker, Bruce -- Michael, Nelson L -- Weintrob, Amy -- Wolinsky, Steven -- Liao, Wilson -- Carrington, Mary -- 5-M01-RR-00722/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- K08 AR057763/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08AR057763/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K24AI069994/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N02-CP-55504/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027763/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-24/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 MH62246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- PG/09/077/27964/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- R01 AI046995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087145/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR065174/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI046995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI060460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA-04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA-12568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01-DA12568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R24 AI067039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35040/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35041/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-35043/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-37613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01-AI-37984/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):87-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Crohn Disease/genetics/immunology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HIV/genetics/*immunology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*genetics/*immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 136
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nijman, Sebastian M B -- Friend, Stephen H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):809-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1244669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Lethal ; *Genes, Modifier ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/*therapy ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease, is an aggressive fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 plant species. Here, we show that some B. cinerea small RNAs (Bc-sRNAs) can silence Arabidopsis and tomato genes involved in immunity. These Bc-sRNAs hijack the host RNA interference (RNAi) machinery by binding to Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1) and selectively silencing host immunity genes. The Arabidopsis ago1 mutant exhibits reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea, and the B. cinerea dcl1 dcl2 double mutant that can no longer produce these Bc-sRNAs displays reduced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis and tomato. Thus, this fungal pathogen transfers "virulent" sRNA effectors into host plant cells to suppress host immunity and achieve infection, which demonstrates a naturally occurring cross-kingdom RNAi as an advanced virulence mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096153/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096153/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiberg, Arne -- Wang, Ming -- Lin, Feng-Mao -- Zhao, Hongwei -- Zhang, Zhihong -- Kaloshian, Isgouhi -- Huang, Hsien-Da -- Jin, Hailing -- R01 GM093008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):118-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1239705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Argonaute Proteins/genetics ; Botrytis/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/*immunology ; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics/immunology/microbiology ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/genetics/immunology/*microbiology ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Virulence/genetics
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 A resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the alpha subunit whereas the beta and gamma subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nyblom, Maria -- Poulsen, Hanne -- Gourdon, Pontus -- Reinhard, Linda -- Andersson, Magnus -- Lindahl, Erik -- Fedosova, Natalya -- Nissen, Poul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):123-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1243352. Epub 2013 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPkin, Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/*chemistry ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*chemistry/genetics ; Swine
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Chloroplasts require protein translocons at the outer and inner envelope membranes, termed TOC and TIC, respectively, to import thousands of cytoplasmically synthesized preproteins. However, the molecular identity of the TIC translocon remains controversial. Tic20 forms a 1-megadalton complex at the inner membrane and directly interacts with translocating preproteins. We purified the 1-megadalton complex from Arabidopsis, comprising Tic20 and three other essential components, one of which is encoded by the enigmatic open reading frame ycf1 in the chloroplast genome. All four components, together with well-known TOC components, were found stoichiometrically associated with different translocating preproteins. When reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, the purified complex formed a preprotein-sensitive channel. Thus, this complex constitutes a general TIC translocon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kikuchi, Shingo -- Bedard, Jocelyn -- Hirano, Minako -- Hirabayashi, Yoshino -- Oishi, Maya -- Imai, Midori -- Takase, Mai -- Ide, Toru -- Nakai, Masato -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):571-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1229262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Regulation of Biological Reactions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Transport
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: Genetic mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) that predispose to infections. Here, we describe activated PI3K-delta syndrome (APDS), a PID associated with a dominant gain-of-function mutation in which lysine replaced glutamic acid at residue 1021 (E1021K) in the p110delta protein, the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kdelta), encoded by the PIK3CD gene. We found E1021K in 17 patients from seven unrelated families, but not among 3346 healthy subjects. APDS was characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, progressive airway damage, lymphopenia, increased circulating transitional B cells, increased immunoglobulin M, and reduced immunoglobulin G2 levels in serum and impaired vaccine responses. The E1021K mutation enhanced membrane association and kinase activity of p110delta. Patient-derived lymphocytes had increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphorylated AKT protein and were prone to activation-induced cell death. Selective p110delta inhibitors IC87114 and GS-1101 reduced the activity of the mutant enzyme in vitro, which suggested a therapeutic approach for patients with APDS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930011/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930011/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angulo, Ivan -- Vadas, Oscar -- Garcon, Fabien -- Banham-Hall, Edward -- Plagnol, Vincent -- Leahy, Timothy R -- Baxendale, Helen -- Coulter, Tanya -- Curtis, James -- Wu, Changxin -- Blake-Palmer, Katherine -- Perisic, Olga -- Smyth, Deborah -- Maes, Mailis -- Fiddler, Christine -- Juss, Jatinder -- Cilliers, Deirdre -- Markelj, Gasper -- Chandra, Anita -- Farmer, George -- Kielkowska, Anna -- Clark, Jonathan -- Kracker, Sven -- Debre, Marianne -- Picard, Capucine -- Pellier, Isabelle -- Jabado, Nada -- Morris, James A -- Barcenas-Morales, Gabriela -- Fischer, Alain -- Stephens, Len -- Hawkins, Phillip -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Abinun, Mario -- Clatworthy, Menna -- Durandy, Anne -- Doffinger, Rainer -- Chilvers, Edwin R -- Cant, Andrew J -- Kumararatne, Dinakantha -- Okkenhaug, Klaus -- Williams, Roger L -- Condliffe, Alison -- Nejentsev, Sergey -- 095198/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095198/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095691/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/J004456/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184308/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U105184308/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):866-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1243292. Epub 2013 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*genetics/immunology/*pathology
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri are sensed in an ill-defined manner by an intracellular inflammasome complex that activates caspase-11. We show that macrophages loaded with synthetic lipid A, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or S. typhimurium LPS activate caspase-11 independently of the LPS receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Consistent with lipid A triggering the noncanonical inflammasome, LPS containing a divergent lipid A structure antagonized caspase-11 activation in response to E. coli LPS or Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, LPS-mutant E. coli failed to activate caspase-11. Tlr4(-/-) mice primed with TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] to induce pro-caspase-11 expression were as susceptible as wild-type mice were to sepsis induced by E. coli LPS. These data unveil a TLR4-independent mechanism for innate immune recognition of LPS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayagaki, Nobuhiko -- Wong, Michael T -- Stowe, Irma B -- Ramani, Sree Ranjani -- Gonzalez, Lino C -- Akashi-Takamura, Sachiko -- Miyake, Kensuke -- Zhang, Juan -- Lee, Wyne P -- Muszynski, Artur -- Forsberg, Lennart S -- Carlson, Russell W -- Dixit, Vishva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1246-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1240248. Epub 2013 Jul 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. kayagaki@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspases/biosynthesis ; Cholera Toxin/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Escherichia coli Infections/genetics/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammasomes/*immunology ; Lipid A/genetics/*immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Salmonella Infections/immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/immunology ; Sepsis/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/*immunology
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  • 142
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893057/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893057/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCann, Kathleen L -- Baserga, Susan J -- GM 52581/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM052581/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R29 GM052581/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):849-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1244156.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/genetics ; Anemia, Macrocytic/genetics ; Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organ Specificity/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/*genetics ; Ribosomes/*genetics
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, afflicts bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). New virulent races collectively referred to as "Ug99" have emerged, which threaten global wheat production. The wheat gene Sr33, introgressed from the wild relative Aegilops tauschii into bread wheat, confers resistance to diverse stem rust races, including the Ug99 race group. We cloned Sr33, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat protein. Sr33 is orthologous to the barley (Hordeum vulgare) Mla mildew resistance genes that confer resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The wheat Sr33 gene functions independently of RAR1, SGT1, and HSP90 chaperones. Haplotype analysis from diverse collections of Ae. tauschii placed the origin of Sr33 resistance near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Periyannan, Sambasivam -- Moore, John -- Ayliffe, Michael -- Bansal, Urmil -- Wang, Xiaojing -- Huang, Li -- Deal, Karin -- Luo, Mingcheng -- Kong, Xiuying -- Bariana, Harbans -- Mago, Rohit -- McIntosh, Robert -- Dodds, Peter -- Dvorak, Jan -- Lagudah, Evans -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):786-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1239028. Epub 2013 Jun 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Basidiomycota/pathogenicity ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; *Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Hordeum/genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Poaceae/*genetics ; Synteny ; Triticum/*genetics/*microbiology
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Kinesin-mediated cargo transport is required for many cellular functions and plays a key role in pathological processes. Structural information on how kinesins recognize their cargoes is required for a molecular understanding of this fundamental and ubiquitous process. Here, we present the crystal structure of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of kinesin light chain 2 in complex with a cargo peptide harboring a "tryptophan-acidic" motif derived from SKIP (SifA-kinesin interacting protein), a critical host determinant in Salmonella pathogenesis and a regulator of lysosomal positioning. Structural data together with biophysical, biochemical, and cellular assays allow us to propose a framework for intracellular transport based on the binding by kinesin-1 of W-acidic cargo motifs through a combination of electrostatic interactions and sequence-specific elements, providing direct molecular evidence of the mechanisms for kinesin-1:cargo recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693442/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693442/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pernigo, Stefano -- Lamprecht, Anneri -- Steiner, Roberto A -- Dodding, Mark P -- 097316/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):356-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1234264. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tryptophan/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: The 2013 outbreak of avian-origin H7N9 influenza in eastern China has raised concerns about its ability to transmit in the human population. The hemagglutinin glycoprotein of most human H7N9 viruses carries Leu(226), a residue linked to adaptation of H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic viruses to human receptors. However, glycan array analysis of the H7 hemagglutinin reveals negligible binding to humanlike alpha2-6-linked receptors and strong preference for a subset of avian-like alpha2-3-linked glycans recognized by all avian H7 viruses. Crystal structures of H7N9 hemagglutinin and six hemagglutinin-glycan complexes have elucidated the structural basis for preferential recognition of avian-like receptors. These findings suggest that the current human H7N9 viruses are poorly adapted for efficient human-to-human transmission.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954636/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Rui -- de Vries, Robert P -- Zhu, Xueyong -- Nycholat, Corwin M -- McBride, Ryan -- Yu, Wenli -- Paulson, James C -- Wilson, Ian A -- GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI099275/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1230-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1243761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Ligands ; Microarray Analysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: The brain regulates energy homeostasis in the organism. Under resource shortage, the brain takes priority over peripheral organs for energy supply. But can the brain also down-regulate its own consumption to favor survival? We show that the brain of Drosophila specifically disables the costly formation of aversive long-term memory (LTM) upon starvation, a physiological state required for appetitive LTM formation. At the neural circuit level, the slow oscillations normally triggered in two pairs of dopaminergic neurons to enable aversive LTM formation were abolished in starved flies. Transient artificial activation of these neurons during training restored LTM formation in starved flies but at the price of a reduced survival. LTM formation is thus subject to adaptive plasticity that helps survival under food shortage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Placais, Pierre-Yves -- Preat, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):440-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1226018.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Neurobiology Unit, UMR 7637 Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles/CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/biosynthesis ; Energy Metabolism ; Homeostasis ; *Memory, Long-Term/drug effects ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Starvation
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Repulsive guidance molecule family members (RGMs) control fundamental and diverse cellular processes, including motility and adhesion, immune cell regulation, and systemic iron metabolism. However, it is not known how RGMs initiate signaling through their common cell-surface receptor, neogenin (NEO1). Here, we present crystal structures of the NEO1 RGM-binding region and its complex with human RGMB (also called dragon). The RGMB structure reveals a previously unknown protein fold and a functionally important autocatalytic cleavage mechanism and provides a framework to explain numerous disease-linked mutations in RGMs. In the complex, two RGMB ectodomains conformationally stabilize the juxtamembrane regions of two NEO1 receptors in a pH-dependent manner. We demonstrate that all RGM-NEO1 complexes share this architecture, which therefore represents the core of multiple signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730555/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730555/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, Christian H -- Healey, Eleanor -- van Erp, Susan -- Bishop, Benjamin -- Tang, Chenxiang -- Gilbert, Robert J C -- Aricescu, A Radu -- Pasterkamp, R Jeroen -- Siebold, Christian -- 082301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- A14414/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1232322. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. christian@strubi.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/*chemistry/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and an antagonist of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We identified a 576-amino acid translational variant of PTEN, termed PTEN-Long, that arises from an alternative translation start site 519 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation sequence, adding 173 N-terminal amino acids to the normal PTEN open reading frame. PTEN-Long is a membrane-permeable lipid phosphatase that is secreted from cells and can enter other cells. As an exogenous agent, PTEN-Long antagonized PI3K signaling and induced tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo. By providing a means to restore a functional tumor-suppressor protein to tumor cells, PTEN-Long may have therapeutic uses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hopkins, Benjamin D -- Fine, Barry -- Steinbach, Nicole -- Dendy, Meaghan -- Rapp, Zachary -- Shaw, Jacquelyn -- Pappas, Kyrie -- Yu, Jennifer S -- Hodakoski, Cindy -- Mense, Sarah -- Klein, Joshua -- Pegno, Sarah -- Sulis, Maria-Luisa -- Goldstein, Hannah -- Amendolara, Benjamin -- Lei, Liang -- Maurer, Matthew -- Bruce, Jeffrey -- Canoll, Peter -- Hibshoosh, Hanina -- Parsons, Ramon -- 2T32 CA09503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155117/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073610/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008224/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1234907. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Survival ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: The molecular basis of antigenic drift was determined for the hemagglutinin (HA) of human influenza A/H3N2 virus. From 1968 to 2003, antigenic change was caused mainly by single amino acid substitutions, which occurred at only seven positions in HA immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site. Most of these substitutions were involved in antigenic change more than once. Equivalent positions were responsible for the recent antigenic changes of influenza B and A/H1N1 viruses. Substitution of a single amino acid at one of these positions substantially changed the virus-specific antibody response in infected ferrets. These findings have potentially far-reaching consequences for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that govern influenza viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koel, Bjorn F -- Burke, David F -- Bestebroer, Theo M -- van der Vliet, Stefan -- Zondag, Gerben C M -- Vervaet, Gaby -- Skepner, Eugene -- Lewis, Nicola S -- Spronken, Monique I J -- Russell, Colin A -- Eropkin, Mikhail Y -- Hurt, Aeron C -- Barr, Ian G -- de Jong, Jan C -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- Smith, Derek J -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):976-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1244730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution/genetics/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Binding Sites/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics/*immunology ; Mutation
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is characterized by the absence of a spleen at birth in individuals with no other developmental defects. The patients are prone to life-threatening bacterial infections. The unbiased analysis of exomes revealed heterozygous mutations in RPSA in 18 patients from eight kindreds, corresponding to more than half the patients and over one-third of the kindreds studied. The clinical penetrance in these kindreds is complete. Expression studies indicated that the mutations carried by the patients-a nonsense mutation, a frameshift duplication, and five different missense mutations-cause autosomal dominant ICA by haploinsufficiency. RPSA encodes ribosomal protein SA, a component of the small subunit of the ribosome. This discovery establishes an essential role for RPSA in human spleen development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677541/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677541/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolze, Alexandre -- Mahlaoui, Nizar -- Byun, Minji -- Turner, Bridget -- Trede, Nikolaus -- Ellis, Steven R -- Abhyankar, Avinash -- Itan, Yuval -- Patin, Etienne -- Brebner, Samuel -- Sackstein, Paul -- Puel, Anne -- Picard, Capucine -- Abel, Laurent -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Faust, Saul N -- Williams, Anthony P -- Baretto, Richard -- Duddridge, Michael -- Kini, Usha -- Pollard, Andrew J -- Gaud, Catherine -- Frange, Pierre -- Orbach, Daniel -- Emile, Jean-Francois -- Stephan, Jean-Louis -- Sorensen, Ricardo -- Plebani, Alessandro -- Hammarstrom, Lennart -- Conley, Mary Ellen -- Selleri, Licia -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- 8UL1TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD061403/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD061403/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):976-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1234864. Epub 2013 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genetic Loci ; *Haploinsufficiency ; Heterotaxy Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Penetrance ; Receptors, Laminin/*genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/*genetics ; Spleen/*abnormalities/growth & development
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: The inbred mouse C57BL/6J is the reference strain for genome sequence and for most behavioral and physiological phenotypes. However, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium uses an embryonic stem cell line derived from a related C57BL/6N substrain. We found that C57BL/6N has a lower acute and sensitized response to cocaine and methamphetamine. We mapped a single causative locus and identified a nonsynonymous mutation of serine to phenylalanine (S968F) in Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as the causative variant. The S968F mutation destabilizes CYFIP2, and deletion of the C57BL/6N mutant allele leads to acute and sensitized cocaine-response phenotypes. We propose that CYFIP2 is a key regulator of cocaine response in mammals and present a framework to use mouse substrains to identify previously unknown genes and alleles regulating behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, Vivek -- Kim, Kyungin -- Joseph, Chryshanthi -- Kourrich, Said -- Yoo, Seung-Hee -- Huang, Hung Chung -- Vitaterna, Martha H -- de Villena, Fernando Pardo-Manuel -- Churchill, Gary -- Bonci, Antonello -- Takahashi, Joseph S -- F32 DA024556/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32DA024556/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061915/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01MH61915/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1508-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1245503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*genetics/*psychology ; *Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Methamphetamine/administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Phenylalanine/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Psychomotor Performance/drug effects ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Serine/genetics
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: A newly emerged H7N9 virus has caused 132 human infections with 37 deaths in China since 18 February 2013. Control measures in H7N9 virus-positive live poultry markets have reduced the number of infections; however, the character of the virus, including its pandemic potential, remains largely unknown. We systematically analyzed H7N9 viruses isolated from birds and humans. The viruses were genetically closely related and bound to human airway receptors; some also maintained the ability to bind to avian airway receptors. The viruses isolated from birds were nonpathogenic in chickens, ducks, and mice; however, the viruses isolated from humans caused up to 30% body weight loss in mice. Most importantly, one virus isolated from humans was highly transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet. Our findings indicate nothing to reduce the concern that these viruses can transmit between humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qianyi -- Shi, Jianzhong -- Deng, Guohua -- Guo, Jing -- Zeng, Xianying -- He, Xijun -- Kong, Huihui -- Gu, Chunyang -- Li, Xuyong -- Liu, Jinxiong -- Wang, Guojun -- Chen, Yan -- Liu, Liling -- Liang, Libin -- Li, Yuanyuan -- Fan, Jun -- Wang, Jinliang -- Li, Wenhui -- Guan, Lizheng -- Li, Qimeng -- Yang, Huanliang -- Chen, Pucheng -- Jiang, Li -- Guan, Yuntao -- Xin, Xiaoguang -- Jiang, Yongping -- Tian, Guobin -- Wang, Xiurong -- Qiao, Chuanling -- Li, Chengjun -- Bu, Zhigao -- Chen, Hualan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):410-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1240532. Epub 2013 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/virology ; Columbidae/virology ; Ducks/virology ; Ferrets/*virology ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/*transmission/*virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Virus Replication
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: In the past, avian influenza viruses have crossed species barriers to trigger human pandemics by reassorting with mammal-infective viruses in intermediate livestock hosts. H5N1 viruses are able to infect pigs, and some of them have affinity for the mammalian type alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid airway receptor. Using reverse genetics, we systematically created 127 reassortant viruses between a duck isolate of H5N1, specifically retaining its hemagglutinin (HA) gene throughout, and a highly transmissible, human-infective H1N1 virus. We tested the virulence of the reassortants in mice as a correlate for virulence in humans and tested transmissibility in guinea pigs, which have both avian and mammalian types of airway receptor. Transmission studies showed that the H1N1 virus genes encoding acidic polymerase and nonstructural protein made the H5N1 virus transmissible by respiratory droplet between guinea pigs without killing them. Further experiments implicated other H1N1 genes in the enhancement of mammal-to-mammal transmission, including those that encode nucleoprotein, neuraminidase, and matrix, as well as mutations in H5 HA that improve affinity for humanlike airway receptors. Hence, avian H5N1 subtype viruses do have the potential to acquire mammalian transmissibility by reassortment in current agricultural scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ying -- Zhang, Qianyi -- Kong, Huihui -- Jiang, Yongping -- Gao, Yuwei -- Deng, Guohua -- Shi, Jianzhong -- Tian, Guobin -- Liu, Liling -- Liu, Jinxiong -- Guan, Yuntao -- Bu, Zhigao -- Chen, Hualan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1229455. Epub 2013 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/virology ; Cell Line ; Ferrets ; Genes, Viral ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Reassortant Viruses/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Reverse Genetics ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: A negative transcriptional feedback loop generates circadian rhythms in Drosophila. PERIOD (PER) is a critical state-variable in this mechanism, and its abundance is tightly regulated. We found that the Drosophila homolog of ATAXIN-2 (ATX2)--an RNA-binding protein implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases--was required for circadian locomotor behavior. ATX2 was necessary for PER accumulation in circadian pacemaker neurons and thus determined period length of circadian behavior. ATX2 was required for the function of TWENTY-FOUR (TYF), a crucial activator of PER translation. ATX2 formed a complex with TYF and promoted its interaction with polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP). Our work uncovers a role for ATX2 in circadian timing and reveals that this protein functions as an activator of PER translation in circadian neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Yong -- Ling, Jinli -- Yuan, Chunyan -- Dubruille, Raphaelle -- Emery, Patrick -- GM100091/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM66777/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM79182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066777/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100091/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):879-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1234746.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxins ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to cancer drug resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Single-cell analyses of patient-derived models and clinical samples from glioblastoma patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) demonstrate that tumor cells reversibly up-regulate or suppress mutant EGFR expression, conferring distinct cellular phenotypes to reach an optimal equilibrium for growth. Resistance to EGFR TKIs is shown to occur by elimination of mutant EGFR from extrachromosomal DNA. After drug withdrawal, reemergence of clonal EGFR mutations on extrachromosomal DNA follows. These results indicate a highly specific, dynamic, and adaptive route by which cancers can evade therapies that target oncogenes maintained on extrachromosomal DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4049335/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4049335/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathanson, David A -- Gini, Beatrice -- Mottahedeh, Jack -- Visnyei, Koppany -- Koga, Tomoyuki -- Gomez, German -- Eskin, Ascia -- Hwang, Kiwook -- Wang, Jun -- Masui, Kenta -- Paucar, Andres -- Yang, Huijun -- Ohashi, Minori -- Zhu, Shaojun -- Wykosky, Jill -- Reed, Rachel -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Cloughesy, Timothy F -- James, C David -- Rao, P Nagesh -- Kornblum, Harley I -- Heath, James R -- Cavenee, Webster K -- Furnari, Frank B -- Mischel, Paul S -- NS73831/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA095616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA95616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA023100/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052563/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073831/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS080939/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS080939/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA151819/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):72-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1241328. Epub 2013 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Glioblastoma/*drug therapy/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Quinazolines/therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Withholding Treatment
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants as compared to caffeoyl shikimate levels in the wild type, suggesting caffeoyl shikimate as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose in cse mutants increased up to fourfold as compared to that in the wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate the revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vanholme, Ruben -- Cesarino, Igor -- Rataj, Katarzyna -- Xiao, Yuguo -- Sundin, Lisa -- Goeminne, Geert -- Kim, Hoon -- Cross, Joanna -- Morreel, Kris -- Araujo, Pedro -- Welsh, Lydia -- Haustraete, Jurgen -- McClellan, Christopher -- Vanholme, Bartel -- Ralph, John -- Simpson, Gordon G -- Halpin, Claire -- Boerjan, Wout -- BB/G016232/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1103-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1241602. Epub 2013 Aug 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics ; Glucose/chemistry ; Lignin/*biosynthesis ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mutation ; Shikimic Acid/chemistry ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: We report genomic analysis of 300 meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumors, leading to the discovery of mutations in TRAF7, a proapoptotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, in nearly one-fourth of all meningiomas. Mutations in TRAF7 commonly occurred with a recurrent mutation (K409Q) in KLF4, a transcription factor known for its role in inducing pluripotency, or with AKT1(E17K), a mutation known to activate the PI3K pathway. SMO mutations, which activate Hedgehog signaling, were identified in ~5% of non-NF2 mutant meningiomas. These non-NF2 meningiomas were clinically distinctive-nearly always benign, with chromosomal stability, and originating from the medial skull base. In contrast, meningiomas with mutant NF2 and/or chromosome 22 loss were more likely to be atypical, showing genomic instability, and localizing to the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Collectively, these findings identify distinct meningioma subtypes, suggesting avenues for targeted therapeutics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Victoria E -- Erson-Omay, E Zeynep -- Serin, Akdes -- Yin, Jun -- Cotney, Justin -- Ozduman, Koray -- Avsar, Timucin -- Li, Jie -- Murray, Phillip B -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Yilmaz, Saliha -- Gunel, Jennifer Moliterno -- Carrion-Grant, Geneive -- Yilmaz, Baran -- Grady, Conor -- Tanrikulu, Bahattin -- Bakircioglu, Mehmet -- Kaymakcalan, Hande -- Caglayan, Ahmet Okay -- Sencar, Leman -- Ceyhun, Emre -- Atik, A Fatih -- Bayri, Yasar -- Bai, Hanwen -- Kolb, Luis E -- Hebert, Ryan M -- Omay, S Bulent -- Mishra-Gorur, Ketu -- Choi, Murim -- Overton, John D -- Holland, Eric C -- Mane, Shrikant -- State, Matthew W -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Baehring, Joachim M -- Gutin, Philip H -- Piepmeier, Joseph M -- Vortmeyer, Alexander -- Brennan, Cameron W -- Pamir, M Necmettin -- Kilic, Turker -- Lifton, Richard P -- Noonan, James P -- Yasuno, Katsuhito -- Gunel, Murat -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1077-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1233009. Epub 2013 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Genomic Instability ; Genomics ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Meningioma/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Grading ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/*genetics
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  • 158
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1161. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6137.1161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Growth and Development/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Mutation
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  • 159
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752651/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752651/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharp, Paul M -- Rayner, Julian C -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- 095831/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 AI091595/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):284-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1236958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission/virology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HIV-1/physiology ; Hominidae/*parasitology/*virology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/genetics/parasitology/*transmission ; Mutation ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/biosynthesis/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Zoonoses/parasitology/*transmission/virology
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: Hosts have numerous defenses against parasites, of which behavioral immune responses are an important but underappreciated component. Here we describe a behavioral immune response that Drosophila melanogaster uses against endoparasitoid wasps. We found that when flies see wasps, they switch to laying eggs in alcohol-laden food sources that protect hatched larvae from infection. This change in oviposition behavior, mediated by neuropeptide F, is retained long after wasps are removed. Flies respond to diverse female larval endoparasitoids but not to males or pupal endoparasitoids, showing that they maintain specific wasp search images. Furthermore, the response evolved multiple times across the genus Drosophila. Our data reveal a behavioral immune response based on anticipatory medication of offspring and outline a nonassociative memory paradigm based on innate parasite recognition by the host.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760715/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760715/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kacsoh, Balint Z -- Lynch, Zachary R -- Mortimer, Nathan T -- Schlenke, Todd A -- AI081879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081879/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):947-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1229625.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/metabolism ; Cues ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/immunology/parasitology/*physiology ; *Ethanol/analysis/pharmacology ; Female ; Food ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Larva ; Male ; Memory ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; *Oviposition ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Visual Perception ; *Wasps/growth & development
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer. For most cancer types, this landscape consists of a small number of "mountains" (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of "hills" (genes altered infrequently). To date, these studies have revealed ~140 genes that, when altered by intragenic mutations, can promote or "drive" tumorigenesis. A typical tumor contains two to eight of these "driver gene" mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage. Driver genes can be classified into 12 signaling pathways that regulate three core cellular processes: cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance. A better understanding of these pathways is one of the most pressing needs in basic cancer research. Even now, however, our knowledge of cancer genomes is sufficient to guide the development of more effective approaches for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749880/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749880/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogelstein, Bert -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Zhou, Shibin -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- CA 121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1546-58. doi: 10.1126/science.1235122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ludwig Center and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics
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  • 162
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1269-73. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6125.1269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Mutation ; Poultry/virology ; SARS Virus/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Interpreting variants, especially noncoding ones, in the increasing number of personal genomes is challenging. We used patterns of polymorphisms in functionally annotated regions in 1092 humans to identify deleterious variants; then we experimentally validated candidates. We analyzed both coding and noncoding regions, with the former corroborating the latter. We found regions particularly sensitive to mutations ("ultrasensitive") and variants that are disruptive because of mechanistic effects on transcription-factor binding (that is, "motif-breakers"). We also found variants in regions with higher network centrality tend to be deleterious. Insertions and deletions followed a similar pattern to single-nucleotide variants, with some notable exceptions (e.g., certain deletions and enhancers). On the basis of these patterns, we developed a computational tool (FunSeq), whose application to ~90 cancer genomes reveals nearly a hundred candidate noncoding drivers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khurana, Ekta -- Fu, Yao -- Colonna, Vincenza -- Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine -- Kang, Hyun Min -- Lappalainen, Tuuli -- Sboner, Andrea -- Lochovsky, Lucas -- Chen, Jieming -- Harmanci, Arif -- Das, Jishnu -- Abyzov, Alexej -- Balasubramanian, Suganthi -- Beal, Kathryn -- Chakravarty, Dimple -- Challis, Daniel -- Chen, Yuan -- Clarke, Declan -- Clarke, Laura -- Cunningham, Fiona -- Evani, Uday S -- Flicek, Paul -- Fragoza, Robert -- Garrison, Erik -- Gibbs, Richard -- Gumus, Zeynep H -- Herrero, Javier -- Kitabayashi, Naoki -- Kong, Yong -- Lage, Kasper -- Liluashvili, Vaja -- Lipkin, Steven M -- MacArthur, Daniel G -- Marth, Gabor -- Muzny, Donna -- Pers, Tune H -- Ritchie, Graham R S -- Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A -- Sisu, Cristina -- Wei, Xiaomu -- Wilson, Michael -- Xue, Yali -- Yu, Fuli -- 1000 Genomes Project Consortium -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Yu, Haiyuan -- Rubin, Mark A -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Gerstein, Mark -- 085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- CA167824/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- G12 MD007579/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- G12 RR003050/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM104424/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 MD006899/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA166661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002898/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA152057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG4719/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA111275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG6513/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000457/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- WT085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):1235587. doi: 10.1126/science.1235587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Annotation/*methods ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Changes in the microbial community structure are observed in individuals with intestinal inflammatory disorders. These changes are often characterized by a depletion of obligate anaerobic bacteria, whereas the relative abundance of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae increases. The mechanisms by which the host response shapes the microbial community structure, however, remain unknown. We show that nitrate generated as a by-product of the inflammatory response conferred a growth advantage to the commensal bacterium Escherichia coli in the large intestine of mice. Mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase did not support the growth of E. coli by nitrate respiration, suggesting that the nitrate generated during inflammation was host-derived. Thus, the inflammatory host response selectively enhances the growth of commensal Enterobacteriaceae by generating electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004111/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004111/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, Sebastian E -- Winter, Maria G -- Xavier, Mariana N -- Thiennimitr, Parameth -- Poon, Victor -- Keestra, A Marijke -- Laughlin, Richard C -- Gomez, Gabriel -- Wu, Jing -- Lawhon, Sara D -- Popova, Ina E -- Parikh, Sanjai J -- Adams, L Garry -- Tsolis, Renee M -- Stewart, Valley J -- Baumler, Andreas J -- AI076246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI088122/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI090387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI107393/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):708-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1232467.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Colitis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Ileum/microbiology ; Intestine, Large/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nitrates/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: Human birth defects are a major public health burden: The Center for Disease Control estimates that 1 of every 33 United States newborns presents with a birth defect, and worldwide the estimate approaches 6% of all births. Among the most common and debilitating of human birth defects are those affecting the formation of the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system. Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise from a complex combination of genetic and environmental interactions. Although substantial advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of these malformations, NTDs remain a substantial public health problem, and we are only now beginning to understand their etiology. Here, we review the process of neural tube development and how defects in this process lead to NTDs, both in humans and in the animal models that serve to inform our understanding of these processes. The insights we are gaining will help generate new intervention strategies to tackle the clinical challenges and to alleviate the personal and societal burdens that accompany these defects.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677196/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677196/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallingford, John B -- Niswander, Lee A -- Shaw, Gary M -- Finnell, Richard H -- 5R01GM074104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD067244/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD067244/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS050249/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS058979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS076465/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1222002. doi: 10.1126/science.1222002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. wallingford@austin.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/abnormalities ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/abnormalities ; Folic Acid/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Folic Acid Deficiency/complications/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neural Tube Defects/*genetics/*prevention & control/therapy ; Primary Prevention
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway promotes cell growth in response to many cues, including amino acids, which act through the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) to promote mTORC1 translocation to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. Although progress has been made in identifying positive regulators of the Rags, it is unknown if negative factors also exist. Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and -2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, and Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling, and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5. GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB, and its components are mutated in human cancer. In cancer cells with inactivating mutations in GATOR1, mTORC1 is hyperactive and insensitive to amino acid starvation, and such cells are hypersensitive to rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor. Thus, we identify a key negative regulator of the Rag GTPases and reveal that, like other mTORC1 regulators, Rag function can be deregulated in cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728654/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728654/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bar-Peled, Liron -- Chantranupong, Lynne -- Cherniack, Andrew D -- Chen, Walter W -- Ottina, Kathleen A -- Grabiner, Brian C -- Spear, Eric D -- Carter, Scott L -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Sabatini, David M -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA180271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143867/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1100-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1232044.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lysosomes/*enzymology ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*enzymology/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: The induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell field holds promise for in vitro disease modeling. However, identifying innate cellular pathologies, particularly for age-related neurodegenerative diseases, has been challenging. Here, we exploited mutation correction of iPS cells and conserved proteotoxic mechanisms from yeast to humans to discover and reverse phenotypic responses to alpha-synuclein (alphasyn), a key protein involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). We generated cortical neurons from iPS cells of patients harboring alphasyn mutations, who are at high risk of developing PD dementia. Genetic modifiers from unbiased screens in a yeast model of alphasyn toxicity led to identification of early pathogenic phenotypes in patient neurons. These included nitrosative stress, accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation substrates, and ER stress. A small molecule identified in a yeast screen (NAB2), and the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 it affects, reversed pathologic phenotypes in these neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4022187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4022187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, Chee Yeun -- Khurana, Vikram -- Auluck, Pavan K -- Tardiff, Daniel F -- Mazzulli, Joseph R -- Soldner, Frank -- Baru, Valeriya -- Lou, Yali -- Freyzon, Yelena -- Cho, Sukhee -- Mungenast, Alison E -- Muffat, Julien -- Mitalipova, Maisam -- Pluth, Michael D -- Jui, Nathan T -- Schule, Birgitt -- Lippard, Stephen J -- Tsai, Li-Huei -- Krainc, Dimitri -- Buchwald, Stephen L -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Lindquist, Susan -- 5 R01CA084198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K01 AG038546/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005134/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA084198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058160/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 22;342(6161):983-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1245296. Epub 2013 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzimidazoles/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Parkinson Disease/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: The Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome have been used to estimate when the common patrilineal and matrilineal ancestors of humans lived. We sequenced the genomes of 69 males from nine populations, including two in which we find basal branches of the Y-chromosome tree. We identify ancient phylogenetic structure within African haplogroups and resolve a long-standing ambiguity deep within the tree. Applying equivalent methodologies to the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, we estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (T(MRCA)) of the Y chromosome to be 120 to 156 thousand years and the mitochondrial genome T(MRCA) to be 99 to 148 thousand years. Our findings suggest that, contrary to previous claims, male lineages do not coalesce significantly more recently than female lineages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poznik, G David -- Henn, Brenna M -- Yee, Muh-Ching -- Sliwerska, Elzbieta -- Euskirchen, Ghia M -- Lin, Alice A -- Snyder, Michael -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Kidd, Jeffrey M -- Underhill, Peter A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- 3R01HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD009154/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD009154/OD/NIH HHS/ -- LM-07033/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM007033/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):562-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1237619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/*classification/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Haploidy ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time Factors
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: alpha-Tocopherol (vitamin E) transfer protein (alpha-TTP) regulates the secretion of alpha-tocopherol from liver cells. Missense mutations of some arginine residues at the surface of alpha-TTP cause severe vitamin E deficiency in humans, but the role of these residues is unclear. Here, we found that wild-type alpha-TTP bound phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), whereas the arginine mutants did not. In addition, PIPs in the target membrane promoted the intermembrane transfer of alpha-tocopherol by alpha-TTP. The crystal structure of the alpha-TTP-PIPs complex revealed that the disease-related arginine residues interacted with phosphate groups of the PIPs and that the PIPs binding caused the lid of the alpha-tocopherol-binding pocket to open. Thus, PIPs have a role in promoting the release of a ligand from a lipid-transfer protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kono, Nozomu -- Ohto, Umeharu -- Hiramatsu, Tatsufumi -- Urabe, Michiko -- Uchida, Yasunori -- Satow, Yoshinori -- Arai, Hiroyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1106-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1233508. Epub 2013 Apr 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Arginine/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Vitamin E Deficiency/*metabolism ; alpha-Tocopherol/metabolism
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: The conserved kinases Mps1 and Ipl1/Aurora B are critical for enabling chromosomes to attach to microtubules so that partner chromosomes will be segregated correctly from each other, but the precise roles of these kinases have been unclear. We imaged live yeast cells to elucidate the stages of chromosome-microtubule interactions and their regulation by Ipl1 and Mps1 through meiosis I. Ipl1 was found to release kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) associations after meiotic entry, liberating chromosomes to begin homologous pairing. Surprisingly, most chromosome pairs began their spindle interactions with incorrect kMT attachments. Ipl1 released these improper connections, whereas Mps1 triggered the formation of new force-generating microtubule attachments. This microtubule release and reattachment cycle could prevent catastrophic chromosome segregation errors in meiosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3604795/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3604795/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Regis E -- Kim, Seoyoung -- Obeso, David -- Straight, Paul D -- Winey, Mark -- Dawson, Dean S -- GM-07135/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM087377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007135/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1071-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1232518. Epub 2013 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aurora Kinases ; Chromosome Segregation/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomes, Fungal/*genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Kinetochores/enzymology ; Meiosis/genetics/*physiology ; Microtubules/enzymology ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*physiology
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinhardt, Klaus -- Dowling, Damian K -- Morrow, Edward H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. k.reinhardt@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Germ Cells/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/prevention & control/*therapy ; Mutation ; Oocytes/ultrastructure ; Risk
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  • 172
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Costa, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):959. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6149.959-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*genetics ; Disclosure/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Gene Library ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Testing/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Medical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Mutation ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Supreme Court Decisions ; United States
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Mutations in the PARK2 (parkin) gene are responsible for an autosomal recessive form of Parkinson's disease. The parkin protein is a RING-in-between-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits low basal activity. We describe the crystal structure of full-length rat parkin. The structure shows parkin in an autoinhibited state and provides insight into how it is activated. RING0 occludes the ubiquitin acceptor site Cys(431) in RING2, whereas a repressor element of parkin binds RING1 and blocks its E2-binding site. Mutations that disrupted these inhibitory interactions activated parkin both in vitro and in cells. Parkin is neuroprotective, and these findings may provide a structural and mechanistic framework for enhancing parkin activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trempe, Jean-Francois -- Sauve, Veronique -- Grenier, Karl -- Seirafi, Marjan -- Tang, Matthew Y -- Menade, Marie -- Al-Abdul-Wahid, Sameer -- Krett, Jonathan -- Wong, Kathy -- Kozlov, Guennadi -- Nagar, Bhushan -- Fon, Edward A -- Gehring, Kalle -- MOP-14219/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP-62714/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1451-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1237908. Epub 2013 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Recent studies have identified several mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein that allow the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus to transmit between mammals by airborne route. Here, we determined the complex structures of wild-type and mutant HAs derived from an Indonesia H5N1 virus bound to either avian or human receptor sialic acid analogs. A cis/trans conformational change in the glycosidic linkage of the receptor analog was observed, which explains how the H5N1 virus alters its receptor-binding preference. Furthermore, the mutant HA possessed low affinities for both avian and human receptors. Our findings provide a structural and biophysical basis for the H5N1 adaptation to acquire human, but maintain avian, receptor-binding properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Wei -- Shi, Yi -- Lu, Xishan -- Shu, Yuelong -- Qi, Jianxun -- Gao, George F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1463-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1236787. Epub 2013 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Stability ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Changes in ambient temperature affect flowering time in plants; understanding this phenomenon will be crucial for buffering agricultural systems from the effects of climate change. Here, we show that levels of FLM-beta, an alternatively spliced form of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M, increase at lower temperatures, repressing flowering. FLM-beta interacts with SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP); SVP is degraded at high temperatures, reducing the abundance of the SVP-FLM-beta repressor complex and, thus, allowing the plant to flower. The svp and flm mutants show temperature-insensitive flowering in different temperature ranges. Control of SVP-FLM-beta repressor complex abundance via transcriptional and splicing regulation of FLM and posttranslational regulation of SVP protein stability provides an efficient, rapid mechanism for plants to respond to ambient temperature changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeong Hwan -- Ryu, Hak-Seung -- Chung, Kyung Sook -- Pose, David -- Kim, Soonkap -- Schmid, Markus -- Ahn, Ji Hoon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):628-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1241097. Epub 2013 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Creative Research Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Flowers/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 176
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 11;342(6155):178. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6155.178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Birds ; Federal Government ; Ferrets/*virology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/*virology ; Licensure/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Mutation ; Netherlands ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Ensuring cooperation among formerly autonomous cells has been a central challenge in the evolution of multicellular organisms. One solution is monoclonality, but this option still leaves room for exploitative behavior, as it does not eliminate genetic and epigenetic variability. We therefore hypothesized that embryonic development must be protected by robust regulatory mechanisms that prevent aberrant clones from superseding wild-type cells. Using a genome-wide screen in murine induced pluripotent stem cells, we identified a network of genes (centered on p53, topoisomerase 1, and olfactory receptors) whose down-regulation caused the cells to replace wild-type cells in vitro and in the mouse embryo--without perturbing normal development. These genes thus appear to fulfill an unexpected role in fostering cell cooperation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dejosez, Marion -- Ura, Hiroki -- Brandt, Vicky L -- Zwaka, Thomas P -- P01 GM81627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077442/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1511-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241628. Epub 2013 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Development/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) senses cytoplasmic viral RNA and activates antiviral innate immunity. To reveal how paramyxoviruses counteract this response, we determined the crystal structure of the MDA5 adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-hydrolysis domain in complex with the viral inhibitor V protein. The V protein unfolded the ATP-hydrolysis domain of MDA5 via a beta-hairpin motif and recognized a structural motif of MDA5 that is normally buried in the conserved helicase fold. This leads to disruption of the MDA5 ATP-hydrolysis site and prevention of RNA-bound MDA5 filament formation. The structure explains why V proteins inactivate MDA5, but not RIG-I, and mutating only two amino acids in RIG-I induces robust V protein binding. Our results suggest an inhibition mechanism of RLR signalosome formation by unfolding of receptor and inhibitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Motz, Carina -- Schuhmann, Kerstin Monika -- Kirchhofer, Axel -- Moldt, Manuela -- Witte, Gregor -- Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus -- Hopfner, Karl-Peter -- U19AI083025/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):690-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1230949. Epub 2013 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Immunity, Innate ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Parainfluenza Virus 5/immunology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sus scrofa ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: The Ski2-like RNA helicase Brr2 is a core component of the spliceosome that must be tightly regulated to ensure correct timing of spliceosome activation. Little is known about mechanisms of regulation of Ski2-like helicases by protein cofactors. Here we show by crystal structure and biochemical analyses that the Prp8 protein, a major regulator of the spliceosome, can insert its C-terminal tail into Brr2's RNA-binding tunnel, thereby intermittently blocking Brr2's RNA-binding, adenosine triphosphatase, and U4/U6 unwinding activities. Inefficient Brr2 repression is the only recognizable phenotype associated with certain retinitis pigmentosa-linked Prp8 mutations that map to its C-terminal tail. Our data show how a Ski2-like RNA helicase can be reversibly inhibited by a protein cofactor that directly competes with RNA substrate binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mozaffari-Jovin, Sina -- Wandersleben, Traudy -- Santos, Karine F -- Will, Cindy L -- Luhrmann, Reinhard -- Wahl, Markus C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):80-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1237515. Epub 2013 May 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Binding, Competitive ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*metabolism ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Development of fertilization-competent oocytes depends on integrated processes controlling meiosis, cytoplasmic development, and maintenance of genomic integrity. We show that meiosis arrest female 1 (MARF1) is required for these processes in mammalian oocytes. Mutations of Marf1 cause female infertility characterized by up-regulation of a cohort of transcripts, increased retrotransposon expression, defective cytoplasmic maturation, and meiotic arrest. Up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit (PPP2CB) is key to the meiotic arrest phenotype. Moreover, Iap and Line1 retrotransposon messenger RNAs are also up-regulated, and, concomitantly, DNA double-strand breaks are elevated in mutant oocytes. Therefore MARF1, by suppressing levels of specific transcripts, is an essential regulator of important oogenic processes leading to female fertility and the development of healthy offspring.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612990/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, You-Qiang -- Sugiura, Koji -- Sun, Fengyun -- Pendola, Janice K -- Cox, Gregory A -- Handel, Mary Ann -- Schimenti, John C -- Eppig, John J -- CA34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD42137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD042137/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA034196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1496-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; *Fertility ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Phenotype ; Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome ; Up-Regulation
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: Salicylate, a plant product, has been in medicinal use since ancient times. More recently, it has been replaced by synthetic derivatives such as aspirin and salsalate, both of which are rapidly broken down to salicylate in vivo. At concentrations reached in plasma after administration of salsalate or of aspirin at high doses, salicylate activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Salicylate binds at the same site as the synthetic activator A-769662 to cause allosteric activation and inhibition of dephosphorylation of the activating phosphorylation site, threonine-172. In AMPK knockout mice, effects of salicylate to increase fat utilization and to lower plasma fatty acids in vivo were lost. Our results suggest that AMPK activation could explain some beneficial effects of salsalate and aspirin in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399766/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399766/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawley, Simon A -- Fullerton, Morgan D -- Ross, Fiona A -- Schertzer, Jonathan D -- Chevtzoff, Cyrille -- Walker, Katherine J -- Peggie, Mark W -- Zibrova, Darya -- Green, Kevin A -- Mustard, Kirsty J -- Kemp, Bruce E -- Sakamoto, Kei -- Steinberg, Gregory R -- Hardie, D Grahame -- 080982/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097726/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U127088492/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):918-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1215327. Epub 2012 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Metabolism/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; Pyrones/pharmacology ; Rats ; Salicylates/blood/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herfst, Sander -- Schrauwen, Eefje J A -- Linster, Martin -- Chutinimitkul, Salin -- de Wit, Emmie -- Munster, Vincent J -- Sorrell, Erin M -- Bestebroer, Theo M -- Burke, David F -- Smith, Derek J -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1534-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1213362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Microbiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Containment of Biohazards ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza ; Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Oseltamivir/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/pathogenicity ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Reverse Genetics ; Serial Passage ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism regulating nearly every aspect of cellular life. Several secreted proteins are phosphorylated, but the kinases responsible are unknown. We identified a family of atypical protein kinases that localize within the Golgi apparatus and are secreted. Fam20C appears to be the Golgi casein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within S-x-E motifs. Fam20C phosphorylates the caseins and several secreted proteins implicated in biomineralization, including the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). Consequently, mutations in Fam20C cause an osteosclerotic bone dysplasia in humans known as Raine syndrome. Fam20C is thus a protein kinase dedicated to the phosphorylation of extracellular proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3754843/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3754843/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tagliabracci, Vincent S -- Engel, James L -- Wen, Jianzhong -- Wiley, Sandra E -- Worby, Carolyn A -- Kinch, Lisa N -- Xiao, Junyu -- Grishin, Nick V -- Dixon, Jack E -- DK018024-37/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK018849-36/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018849/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK018024/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009523/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1150-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1217817. Epub 2012 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Casein Kinase I ; Casein Kinases/metabolism ; Caseins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cleft Palate/genetics/metabolism ; Exophthalmos/genetics/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/*enzymology ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Microcephaly/genetics/metabolism ; Milk/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Osteopontin ; Osteosclerosis/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/secretion ; *Secretory Pathway ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 184
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 17;337(6096):792. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6096.792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Patient Selection ; Risk ; Risk Assessment
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  • 185
    Publication Date: 2012-09-29
    Description: Eukaryotic genomes are extensively transcribed, forming both messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs made by RNA polymerase II often initiate from bidirectional promoters (nucleosome-depleted chromatin) that synthesize mRNA and ncRNA in opposite directions. We demonstrate that, by adopting a gene-loop conformation, actively transcribed mRNA encoding genes restrict divergent transcription of ncRNAs. Because gene-loop formation depends on a protein factor (Ssu72) that coassociates with both the promoter and the terminator, the inactivation of Ssu72 leads to increased synthesis of promoter-associated divergent ncRNAs, referred to as Ssu72-restricted transcripts (SRTs). Similarly, inactivation of individual gene loops by gene mutation enhances SRT synthesis. We demonstrate that gene-loop conformation enforces transcriptional directionality on otherwise bidirectional promoters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563069/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563069/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan-Wong, Sue Mei -- Zaugg, Judith B -- Camblong, Jurgi -- Xu, Zhenyu -- Zhang, David W -- Mischo, Hannah E -- Ansari, Aseem Z -- Luscombe, Nicholas M -- Steinmetz, Lars M -- Proudfoot, Nick J -- 091805/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):671-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1224350. Epub 2012 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex/metabolism ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/metabolism
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  • 186
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drmanac, Radoje -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1110-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1221037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Complete Genomics, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. rdrmanac@completegenomics.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Testing/economics/methods/standards ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutation ; Precision Medicine ; Public Policy ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/methods/standards
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  • 187
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):28, 30-2. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6064.28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*metabolism ; Diet ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Obesity/complications/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Somatomedins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaRue, Candace C -- Padilla, Pamela A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):487-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Research ; *Genetic Testing ; Genetics/*education ; Mutation ; Texas ; Universities
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  • 189
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):976-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6084.976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Male ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Spermatozoa
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2012-09-29
    Description: Newly synthesized proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Procollagen (PC), however, forms prefibrils that are too large to fit into typical COPII vesicles; PC thus needs large transport carriers, which we term megacarriers. TANGO1 assists PC packing, but its role in promoting the growth of megacarriers is not known. We found that TANGO1 recruited Sedlin, a TRAPP component that is defective in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT), and that Sedlin was required for the ER export of PC. Sedlin bound and promoted efficient cycling of Sar1, a guanosine triphosphatase that can constrict membranes, and thus allowed nascent carriers to grow and incorporate PC prefibrils. This joint action of TANGO1 and Sedlin sustained the ER export of PC, and its derangement may explain the defective chondrogenesis underlying SEDT.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471527/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471527/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venditti, Rossella -- Scanu, Tiziana -- Santoro, Michele -- Di Tullio, Giuseppe -- Spaar, Alexander -- Gaibisso, Renato -- Beznoussenko, Galina V -- Mironov, Alexander A -- Mironov, Alexander Jr -- Zelante, Leopoldo -- Piemontese, Maria Rosaria -- Notarangelo, Angelo -- Malhotra, Vivek -- Vertel, Barbara M -- Wilson, Cathal -- De Matteis, Maria Antonietta -- AR053696/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GGP06166/Telethon/Italy -- GGP07075/Telethon/Italy -- GSP08002/Telethon/Italy -- GTF08001/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1668-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/*metabolism ; COP-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chondrogenesis/genetics ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics/metabolism ; Procollagen/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 191
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: Although recent experimental studies have suggested that the interactions among the pigment cells play a key role in the skin pattern formation, details of the mechanism remain largely unknown. By using an in vitro cell culture system, we have detected interactions between the two pigment cell types, melanophores and xanthophores, in the zebrafish skin. During primary culture, the melanophore membrane transiently depolarizes when contacted with the dendrites of a xanthophore. This depolarization triggers melanophore migration to avoid further contact with the xanthophores. Cell depolarization and repulsive movement were not observed in pigment cells with the jaguar mutant, which shows defective segregation of melanophores and xanthophores. The depolarization-repulsion of wild-type pigment cells may explain the pigment cell behaviors generating the stripe pattern of zebrafish.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inaba, Masafumi -- Yamanaka, Hiroaki -- Kondo, Shigeru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):677. doi: 10.1126/science.1212821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatophores/*physiology ; Melanophores/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mutation ; Skin/cytology ; *Skin Pigmentation ; Zebrafish/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 192
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savage, Phillip E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1039-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1224310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. psavage@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chemical Engineering ; Chlorophyta/*chemistry/growth & development ; *Hot Temperature ; *Hydrostatic Pressure ; *Water
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to variable and imperfectly understood pathogenicity. We report that segment 3 of the virus contains a second open reading frame ("X-ORF"), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting. The frameshift product, termed PA-X, comprises the endonuclease domain of the viral PA protein with a C-terminal domain encoded by the X-ORF and functions to repress cellular gene expression. PA-X also modulates IAV virulence in a mouse infection model, acting to decrease pathogenicity. Loss of PA-X expression leads to changes in the kinetics of the global host response, which notably includes increases in inflammatory, apoptotic, and T lymphocyte-signaling pathways. Thus, we have identified a previously unknown IAV protein that modulates the host response to infection, a finding with important implications for understanding IAV pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagger, B W -- Wise, H M -- Kash, J C -- Walters, K-A -- Wills, N M -- Xiao, Y-L -- Dunfee, R L -- Schwartzman, L M -- Ozinsky, A -- Bell, G L -- Dalton, R M -- Lo, A -- Efstathiou, S -- Atkins, J F -- Firth, A E -- Taubenberger, J K -- Digard, P -- 073126/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088789/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0700815/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700815(82260)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9800943/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/J002232/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1222213. Epub 2012 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; *Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Viral ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Open Reading Frames ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/pathology/*virology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proteome ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Virus Replication
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  • 194
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Given the yearly challenge of seasonal influenza and the potential catastrophic consequences of future pandemics, the need for intensive basic and clinical influenza research is unquestionable. Although the fruits of decades of research have enabled dramatic improvements in our ability to prevent and treat influenza, many fundamental questions remain, including those related to the complex factors associated with host switching and transmission of influenza viruses. Recent public concern over two H5N1 influenza manuscripts that studied the transmissibility of influenza viruses has triggered intense discussion on dual-use research and the way forward.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Collins, Francis S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1522-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1224305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. afauci@niaid.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Bioterrorism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evolution, Molecular ; Ferrets ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/mortality/transmission/*virology ; Mutation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; *Publishing ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity ; Risk Assessment ; Security Measures ; United States
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: Phosphine is a small redox-active gas that is used to protect global grain reserves, which are threatened by the emergence of phosphine resistance in pest insects. We find that polymorphisms responsible for genetic resistance cluster around the redox-active catalytic disulfide or the dimerization interface of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) in insects (Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum) and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). DLD is a core metabolic enzyme representing a new class of resistance factor for a redox-active metabolic toxin. It participates in four key steps of core metabolism, and metabolite profiles indicate that phosphine exposure in mutant and wild-type animals affects these steps differently. Mutation of DLD in C. elegans increases arsenite sensitivity. This specific vulnerability may be exploited to control phosphine-resistant insects and safeguard food security.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlipalius, David I -- Valmas, Nicholas -- Tuck, Andrew G -- Jagadeesan, Rajeswaran -- Ma, Li -- Kaur, Ramandeep -- Goldinger, Anita -- Anderson, Cameron -- Kuang, Jujiao -- Zuryn, Steven -- Mau, Yosep S -- Cheng, Qiang -- Collins, Patrick J -- Nayak, Manoj K -- Schirra, Horst Joachim -- Hilliard, Massimo A -- Ebert, Paul R -- R01NS060129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 9;338(6108):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1224951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arsenicals/pharmacology ; Arsenites/pharmacology ; Beetles/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Insecticide Resistance/*genetics ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pesticides ; *Phosphines/pharmacology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Multimerization ; Tribolium/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: Human UBIAD1 localizes to mitochondria and converts vitamin K(1) to vitamin K(2). Vitamin K(2) is best known as a cofactor in blood coagulation, but in bacteria it is a membrane-bound electron carrier. Whether vitamin K(2) exerts a similar carrier function in eukaryotic cells is unknown. We identified Drosophila UBIAD1/Heix as a modifier of pink1, a gene mutated in Parkinson's disease that affects mitochondrial function. We found that vitamin K(2) was necessary and sufficient to transfer electrons in Drosophila mitochondria. Heix mutants showed severe mitochondrial defects that were rescued by vitamin K(2), and, similar to ubiquinone, vitamin K(2) transferred electrons in Drosophila mitochondria, resulting in more efficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction was rescued by vitamin K(2) that serves as a mitochondrial electron carrier, helping to maintain normal ATP production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vos, Melissa -- Esposito, Giovanni -- Edirisinghe, Janaka N -- Vilain, Sven -- Haddad, Dominik M -- Slabbaert, Jan R -- Van Meensel, Stefanie -- Schaap, Onno -- De Strooper, Bart -- Meganathan, R -- Morais, Vanessa A -- Verstreken, Patrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1306-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1218632. Epub 2012 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Drosophila/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Electron Transport ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Flight, Animal ; Genes, Insect ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquinone/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Vitamin K 2/*metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babu, M Madan -- Kriwacki, Richard W -- Pappu, Rohit V -- MC_U105185859/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Sep 21;337(6101):1460-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. madanm@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Computer Simulation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 198
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1495. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6088.1495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cough ; Ferrets ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/pathogenicity ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/*virology ; Publishing ; *Research Personnel ; Sneezing
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  • 199
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 10;335(6069):645. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6069.645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22323790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminophenols/economics/*therapeutic use ; Cystic Fibrosis/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance ; Regulator/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Drug Approval ; Drug Costs ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Precision Medicine ; Quinolones/economics/*therapeutic use ; Small Molecule Libraries ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2012-06-02
    Description: C99 is the transmembrane carboxyl-terminal domain of the amyloid precursor protein that is cleaved by gamma-secretase to release the amyloid-beta polypeptides, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy show that the extracellular amino terminus of C99 includes a surface-embedded "N-helix" followed by a short "N-loop" connecting to the transmembrane domain (TMD). The TMD is a flexibly curved alpha helix, making it well suited for processive cleavage by gamma-secretase. Titration of C99 reveals a binding site for cholesterol, providing mechanistic insight into how cholesterol promotes amyloidogenesis. Membrane-buried GXXXG motifs (G, Gly; X, any amino acid), which have an established role in oligomerization, were also shown to play a key role in cholesterol binding. The structure and cholesterol binding properties of C99 may aid in the design of Alzheimer's therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528355/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528355/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrett, Paul J -- Song, Yuanli -- Van Horn, Wade D -- Hustedt, Eric J -- Schafer, Johanna M -- Hadziselimovic, Arina -- Beel, Andrew J -- Sanders, Charles R -- F31 NS077681/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM080513/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008320/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08320/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 1;336(6085):1168-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1219988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Micelles ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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