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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-08-29
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in ∼1% of newborns. CHD arises from many distinct etiologies, ranging from genetic or genomic variation to exposure to teratogens, which elicit diverse cell and molecular responses during cardiac development. To systematically explore the relationships between CHD risk factors and responses, we compiled and integrated...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-03-09
    Description: We report that the dominant human missense mutations G303E and G296S in GATA4, a cardiac-specific transcription factor gene, cause atrioventricular septal defects and valve abnormalities by disrupting a signaling cascade involved in endocardial cushion development. These GATA4 missense mutations, but not a mutation causing secundum atrial septal defects (S52F), demonstrated impaired protein interactions with SMAD4, a transcription factor required for canonical bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-β (BMP/TGF-β) signaling. Gata4 and Smad4 genetically interact in vivo: atrioventricular septal defects result from endothelial-specific Gata4 and Smad4 compound haploinsufficiency. Endothelial-specific knockout of Smad4 caused an absence of valve-forming activity: Smad4-deficient endocardium was associated with acellular endocardial cushions, absent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, reduced endocardial proliferation, and loss of Id2 expression in valve-forming regions. We show that Gata4 and Smad4 cooperatively activated the Id2 promoter, that human GATA4 mutations abrogated this activity, and that Id2 deficiency in mice could cause atrioventricular septal defects. We suggest that one determinant of the phenotypic spectrum caused by human GATA4 mutations is differential effects on GATA4/SMAD4 interactions required for endocardial cushion development.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-07-22
    Description: Homozygous cardiac myosin binding protein C-deficient (Mybpct/t) mice develop dramatic cardiac dilation shortly after birth; heart size increases almost twofold. We have investigated the mechanism of cardiac enlargement in these hearts. Throughout embryogenesis myocytes undergo cell division while maintaining the capacity to pump blood by rapidly disassembling and reforming myofibrillar...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-07-19
    Description: Genetic variants that cause haploinsufficiency account for many autosomal dominant (AD) disorders. Gene-based diagnosis classifies variants that alter canonical splice signals as pathogenic, but due to imperfect understanding of RNA splice signals other variants that may create or eliminate splice sites are often clinically classified as variants of unknown significance...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bao, Z Z -- Bruneau, B G -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, C E -- Cepko, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1161-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Atrial Myosins ; *Avian Proteins ; Chick Embryo ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart Atria/*embryology/metabolism/virology ; Heart Ventricles/*embryology/metabolism/virology ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Myosins/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Retroviridae/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-07-04
    Description: Mutations in the gene encoding the homeobox transcription factor NKX2-5 were found to cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease. A dominant disease locus associated with cardiac malformations and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities was mapped to chromosome 5q35, where NKX2-5, a Drosophila tinman homolog, is located. Three different NKX2-5 mutations were identified. Two are predicted to impair binding of NKX2-5 to target DNA, resulting in haploinsufficiency, and a third potentially augments target-DNA binding. These data indicate that NKX2-5 is important for regulation of septation during cardiac morphogenesis and for maturation and maintenance of atrioventricular node function throughout life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schott, J J -- Benson, D W -- Basson, C T -- Pease, W -- Silberbach, G M -- Moak, J P -- Maron, B J -- Seidman, C E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 3;281(5373):108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9651244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrioventricular Node/physiopathology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Codon ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Linkage ; Heart Block/*genetics/physiopathology ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/*genetics/physiopathology ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; *Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-05-25
    Description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for a myelin protein. Investigations have demonstrated myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells that were activated in vivo in MS patients, suggesting that MBP may be a target antigen in MS. The variable (V) region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain was examined among 83 T cell lines from both MS patients and healthy subjects that were reactive with the immunodominant region of human MBP (residues 84 to 102) or with a second immunodominant region of MBP (143 to 168). V beta 17 and to a lesser extent V beta 12 were frequently used in recognition of MBP(84-102) among different individuals. In contrast, V beta 17 was very infrequent among lines reactive with MBP (143-168). These data demonstrate shared TCR V beta gene usage for the recognition of immunodominant regions of the human autoantigen MBP. Such TCR structures may be used as targets for specific immunotherapy in MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wucherpfennig, K W -- Ota, K -- Endo, N -- Seidman, J G -- Rosenzweig, A -- Weiner, H L -- Hafler, D A -- 1 K11 HL 02228-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 00981/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 24247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1016-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Epitopes ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: We describe a sensitive mRNA profiling technology, PMAGE (for "polony multiplex analysis of gene expression"), which detects messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as rare as one transcript per three cells. PMAGE incorporates an improved ligation-based method to sequence 14-nucleotide tags derived from individual mRNA molecules. One sequence tag from each mRNA molecule is amplified onto a separate 1-micrometer bead, denoted as a polymerase colony or polony, and about 5 million polonies are arrayed in a flow cell for parallel sequencing. Using PMAGE, we identified early transcriptional changes that preceded pathological manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice carrying a disease-causing mutation. PMAGE provided a comprehensive profile of cardiac mRNAs, including low-abundance mRNAs encoding signaling molecules and transcription factors that are likely to participate in disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae Bum -- Porreca, Gregory J -- Song, Lei -- Greenway, Steven C -- Gorham, Joshua M -- Church, George M -- Seidman, Christine E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ventricular Myosins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Dominant mutations in sarcomere proteins such as the myosin heavy chains (MHC) are the leading genetic causes of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. We found that expression of the HCM-causing cardiac MHC gene (Myh6) R403Q mutation in mice can be selectively silenced by an RNA interference (RNAi) cassette delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector. RNAi-transduced MHC(403/+) mice developed neither hypertrophy nor myocardial fibrosis, the pathologic manifestations of HCM, for at least 6 months. Because inhibition of HCM was achieved by only a 25% reduction in the levels of the mutant transcripts, we suggest that the variable clinical phenotype in HCM patients reflects allele-specific expression and that partial silencing of mutant transcripts may have therapeutic benefit.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100553/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100553/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Jianming -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, Christine E -- R01 HL084553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL084553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL066582/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01HL098166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):111-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1236921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; Dependovirus ; Fibrosis ; Gene Silencing ; *Genetic Therapy ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myosin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; *RNA Interference
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Molecular etiologies of heart failure, an emerging cardiovascular epidemic affecting 4.7 million Americans and costing 17.8 billion health-care dollars annually, remain poorly understood. Here we report that an inherited human dilated cardiomyopathy with refractory congestive heart failure is caused by a dominant Arg --〉 Cys missense mutation at residue 9 (R9C) in phospholamban (PLN), a transmembrane phosphoprotein that inhibits the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA2a) pump. Transgenic PLN(R9C) mice recapitulated human heart failure with premature death. Cellular and biochemical studies revealed that, unlike wild-type PLN, PLN(R9C) did not directly inhibit SERCA2a. Rather, PLN(R9C) trapped protein kinase A (PKA), which blocked PKA-mediated phosphorylation of wild-type PLN and in turn delayed decay of calcium transients in myocytes. These results indicate that myocellular calcium dysregulation can initiate human heart failure-a finding that may lead to therapeutic opportunities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmitt, Joachim P -- Kamisago, Mitsuhiro -- Asahi, Michio -- Li, Guo Hua -- Ahmad, Ferhaan -- Mende, Ulrike -- Kranias, Evangelia G -- MacLennan, David H -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, Christine E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1410-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cardiomegaly ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; Heart Failure/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Cells/metabolism/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/pathology ; Pedigree ; Phosphorylation ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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