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  • 1
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    Thermotolerance temperate octocoral (2015)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Climate change has a strong impact on marine ecosystems, including temperate species. Analysing the diversity of thermotolerance levels within species along with their genetic structure enables a better understanding of their potential response to climate change. We performed this integrative study on the Mediterranean octocoral Eunicella cavolini , with samples from different depths and by means of a common garden experiment. This species does not host photosynthetic Symbiodinium , enabling us to focus on the cnidarian response. We compared the thermotolerance of individuals from 20 m and 40 m depths from the same site and with replicates from the same colony. On the basis of an innovative statistical analysis of necrosis kinetics and risk, we demonstrated the occurrence of a very different response between depths at this local scale, with lower thermotolerance of deep individuals. Strongly thermotolerant individuals were observed at 20 m with necrosis appearing at higher temperatures than observed in situ . On the basis of nine microsatellite loci, we showed that these marked thermotolerance differences occur within a single population. This suggests the importance of acclimatization processes in adaptation to these different depths. In addition, differences between replicates demonstrated the occurrence of a variability of response between fragments from the same colony with the possibility of an interaction with a tank effect. Our results provide a basis for studying adaptation and acclimatization in Mediterranean octocorals in a heterogeneous environment.
    Keywords: ecology, evolution, genetics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 2
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    Demonstration of a Coherent Electronic Spin Cluster in Diamond (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Author(s): Helena S. Knowles, Dhiren M. Kara, and Mete Atatüre An obstacle for spin-based quantum sensors is magnetic noise due to proximal spins. However, a cluster of such spins can become an asset, if it can be controlled. Here, we polarize and readout a cluster of three nitrogen electron spins coupled to a single nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond. We further… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 100802] Published Fri Sep 02, 2016
    Keywords: General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    On the determination of the spin and disc truncation of accreting black holes using X-ray reflection (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-21
    Description: We discuss the application of simple relativistically blurred X-ray reflection models to the determination of the spin and the inner radius of the disc in accreting black holes. Observationally, the nature of the corona is uncertain a priori, but a robust determination of the inner disc radius can be made when the disc emissivity index is tightly constrained. When the inner disc is well illuminated, the black hole spin can also be determined. Using reflection modelling derived from ray tracing, we show that robust determination of disc truncation requires that the location of the coronal source is quasi-static and at a height and radius less than the truncation radius of the disc. Robust spin measurements require that at least part of the corona lies less than about 10 gravitational radii above the black hole in order that the innermost regions, including the innermost stable circular orbit, are well illuminated. The width of the blurring kernel (e.g., the iron line) has a strong dependence on coronal height. These limitations may be particularly applicable at low Eddington fractions (e.g. the low/hard state and low-luminosity AGN) where the height of the corona may be relatively large, or outflowing, and tied to jet production.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Improved measurement of the shape of the electron (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-27
    Description: The electron is predicted to be slightly aspheric, with a distortion characterized by the electric dipole moment (EDM), d(e). No experiment has ever detected this deviation. The standard model of particle physics predicts that d(e) is far too small to detect, being some eleven orders of magnitude smaller than the current experimental sensitivity. However, many extensions to the standard model naturally predict much larger values of d(e) that should be detectable. This makes the search for the electron EDM a powerful way to search for new physics and constrain the possible extensions. In particular, the popular idea that new supersymmetric particles may exist at masses of a few hundred GeV/c(2) (where c is the speed of light) is difficult to reconcile with the absence of an electron EDM at the present limit of sensitivity. The size of the EDM is also intimately related to the question of why the Universe has so little antimatter. If the reason is that some undiscovered particle interaction breaks the symmetry between matter and antimatter, this should result in a measurable EDM in most models of particle physics. Here we use cold polar molecules to measure the electron EDM at the highest level of precision reported so far, providing a constraint on any possible new interactions. We obtain d(e) = (-2.4 +/- 5.7(stat) +/- 1.5(syst)) x 10(-28)e cm, where e is the charge on the electron, which sets a new upper limit of |d(e)| 〈 10.5 x 10(-28)e cm with 90 per cent confidence. This result, consistent with zero, indicates that the electron is spherical at this improved level of precision. Our measurement of atto-electronvolt energy shifts in a molecule probes new physics at the tera-electronvolt energy scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, J J -- Kara, D M -- Smallman, I J -- Sauer, B E -- Tarbutt, M R -- Hinds, E A -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):493-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Mutations in BCKD-kinase lead to a potentially treatable form of autism with epilepsy (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Autism spectrum disorders are a genetically heterogeneous constellation of syndromes characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction. Available somatic treatments have limited efficacy. We have identified inactivating mutations in the gene BCKDK (Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase) in consanguineous families with autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The encoded protein is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the E1alpha subunit of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). Patients with homozygous BCKDK mutations display reductions in BCKDK messenger RNA and protein, E1alpha phosphorylation, and plasma branched-chain amino acids. Bckdk knockout mice show abnormal brain amino acid profiles and neurobehavioral deficits that respond to dietary supplementation. Thus, autism presenting with intellectual disability and epilepsy caused by BCKDK mutations represents a potentially treatable syndrome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3704165/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3704165/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novarino, Gaia -- El-Fishawy, Paul -- Kayserili, Hulya -- Meguid, Nagwa A -- Scott, Eric M -- Schroth, Jana -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Kara, Majdi -- Khalil, Rehab O -- Ben-Omran, Tawfeg -- Ercan-Sencicek, A Gulhan -- Hashish, Adel F -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Gupta, Abha R -- Hashem, Hebatalla S -- Matern, Dietrich -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Sweetman, Larry -- Rahimi, Yasmeen -- Harris, Robert A -- State, Matthew W -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- K08 MH087639/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08MH087639/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041537/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25 MH077823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2 MH089956/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2MH089956/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1224631. Epub 2012 Sep 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. gnovarino@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*administration & ; dosage/deficiency/*genetics ; Adolescent ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/administration & dosage/blood/deficiency ; Animals ; Arginine/genetics ; Autistic Disorder/*diet therapy/enzymology/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Epilepsy/*diet therapy/enzymology/*genetics ; Female ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/diet therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function. Although the genetic basis is partly understood, only a fraction of cases can receive a genetic diagnosis, and a global view of HSP is lacking. By using whole-exome sequencing in combination with network analysis, we identified 18 previously unknown putative HSP genes and validated nearly all of these genes functionally or genetically. The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. Network analysis revealed a host of further candidate genes, of which three were mutated in our cohort. Our analysis links HSP to other neurodegenerative disorders and can facilitate gene discovery and mechanistic understanding of disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novarino, Gaia -- Fenstermaker, Ali G -- Zaki, Maha S -- Hofree, Matan -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Heiberg, Andrew D -- Abdellateef, Mostafa -- Rosti, Basak -- Scott, Eric -- Mansour, Lobna -- Masri, Amira -- Kayserili, Hulya -- Al-Aama, Jumana Y -- Abdel-Salam, Ghada M H -- Karminejad, Ariana -- Kara, Majdi -- Kara, Bulent -- Bozorgmehri, Bita -- Ben-Omran, Tawfeg -- Mojahedi, Faezeh -- Mahmoud, Iman Gamal El Din -- Bouslam, Naima -- Bouhouche, Ahmed -- Benomar, Ali -- Hanein, Sylvain -- Raymond, Laure -- Forlani, Sylvie -- Mascaro, Massimo -- Selim, Laila -- Shehata, Nabil -- Al-Allawi, Nasir -- Bindu, P S -- Azam, Matloob -- Gunel, Murat -- Caglayan, Ahmet -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Tolun, Aslihan -- Issa, Mahmoud Y -- Schroth, Jana -- Spencer, Emily G -- Rosti, Rasim O -- Akizu, Naiara -- Vaux, Keith K -- Johansen, Anide -- Koh, Alice A -- Megahed, Hisham -- Durr, Alexandra -- Brice, Alexis -- Stevanin, Giovanni -- Gabriel, Stacy B -- Ideker, Trey -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- HHSN268200782096C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN268201100011/PHS HHS/ -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS041537/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS052455/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):506-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1247363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Exome/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleotides/genetics/metabolism ; Pyramidal Tracts/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/*genetics ; Synapses/physiology ; Transcriptome ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Controlling a nuclear spin in a nanodiamond (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-09-27
    Description: Author(s): Helena S. Knowles, Dhiren M. Kara, and Mete Atatüre The sensing capability of a single optically bright electronic spin in diamond can be enhanced by making use of proximal dark nuclei as ancillary spins. Such systems, so far realized only in bulk diamond, can provide orders of magnitude higher sensitivity and spectral resolution in the case of magne... [Phys. Rev. B 96, 115206] Published Tue Sep 26, 2017
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Approximation Theorems for Generalized Complex Kantorovich-Type Operators (2012)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-04
    Description: The order of simultaneous approximation and Voronovskaja-type results with quantitative estimate for complex q-Kantorovich polynomials () attached to analytic functions on compact disks are obtained. In particular, it is proved that for functions analytic in , , the rate of approximation by the q-Kantorovich operators () is of order versus for the classical Kantorovich operators.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Observing bulk diamond spin coherence in high-purity nanodiamonds (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 13, 21 (2014). doi:10.1038/nmat3805 Authors: Helena S. Knowles, Dhiren M. Kara & Mete Atatüre Nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centres in diamond are attractive for research straddling quantum information science, nanoscale magnetometry and thermometry. Whereas ultrapure bulk diamond NVs sustain the longest spin coherence times among optically accessible spins, nanodiamond NVs exhibit persistently poor spin coherence. Here we introduce high-purity nanodiamonds accommodating record-long NV coherence times, 〉60 μs, observed through universal dynamical decoupling. We show that the main contribution to decoherence comes from nearby nitrogen impurities rather than surface states. We protect the NV spin free precession, essential to d.c. magnetometry, by driving solely these impurities into the motional narrowing regime. This extends the NV free induction decay time from 440 ns, longer than that in type Ib bulk diamond, to 1.27 μs, which is comparable to that in type IIa (impurity-free) diamond. These properties allow the simultaneous exploitation of both high sensitivity and nanometre resolution in diamond-based emergent quantum technologies.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Chlorosis during nitrogen starvation is altered by carbon dioxide and temperature status and is mediated by the ClpP1 protease in Synechococcus elongatus (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-11
    Print ISSN: 0302-8933
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-072X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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