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  • 1
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    Mutations in BCKD-kinase lead to a potentially treatable form of autism with epilepsy (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Autism spectrum disorders are a genetically heterogeneous constellation of syndromes characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction. Available somatic treatments have limited efficacy. We have identified inactivating mutations in the gene BCKDK (Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase) in consanguineous families with autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The encoded protein is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the E1alpha subunit of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). Patients with homozygous BCKDK mutations display reductions in BCKDK messenger RNA and protein, E1alpha phosphorylation, and plasma branched-chain amino acids. Bckdk knockout mice show abnormal brain amino acid profiles and neurobehavioral deficits that respond to dietary supplementation. Thus, autism presenting with intellectual disability and epilepsy caused by BCKDK mutations represents a potentially treatable syndrome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3704165/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3704165/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novarino, Gaia -- El-Fishawy, Paul -- Kayserili, Hulya -- Meguid, Nagwa A -- Scott, Eric M -- Schroth, Jana -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Kara, Majdi -- Khalil, Rehab O -- Ben-Omran, Tawfeg -- Ercan-Sencicek, A Gulhan -- Hashish, Adel F -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Gupta, Abha R -- Hashem, Hebatalla S -- Matern, Dietrich -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Sweetman, Larry -- Rahimi, Yasmeen -- Harris, Robert A -- State, Matthew W -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- K08 MH087639/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08MH087639/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041537/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25 MH077823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2 MH089956/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2MH089956/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1224631. Epub 2012 Sep 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. gnovarino@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*administration & ; dosage/deficiency/*genetics ; Adolescent ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/administration & dosage/blood/deficiency ; Animals ; Arginine/genetics ; Autistic Disorder/*diet therapy/enzymology/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Epilepsy/*diet therapy/enzymology/*genetics ; Female ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/diet therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function. Although the genetic basis is partly understood, only a fraction of cases can receive a genetic diagnosis, and a global view of HSP is lacking. By using whole-exome sequencing in combination with network analysis, we identified 18 previously unknown putative HSP genes and validated nearly all of these genes functionally or genetically. The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. Network analysis revealed a host of further candidate genes, of which three were mutated in our cohort. Our analysis links HSP to other neurodegenerative disorders and can facilitate gene discovery and mechanistic understanding of disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157572/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novarino, Gaia -- Fenstermaker, Ali G -- Zaki, Maha S -- Hofree, Matan -- Silhavy, Jennifer L -- Heiberg, Andrew D -- Abdellateef, Mostafa -- Rosti, Basak -- Scott, Eric -- Mansour, Lobna -- Masri, Amira -- Kayserili, Hulya -- Al-Aama, Jumana Y -- Abdel-Salam, Ghada M H -- Karminejad, Ariana -- Kara, Majdi -- Kara, Bulent -- Bozorgmehri, Bita -- Ben-Omran, Tawfeg -- Mojahedi, Faezeh -- Mahmoud, Iman Gamal El Din -- Bouslam, Naima -- Bouhouche, Ahmed -- Benomar, Ali -- Hanein, Sylvain -- Raymond, Laure -- Forlani, Sylvie -- Mascaro, Massimo -- Selim, Laila -- Shehata, Nabil -- Al-Allawi, Nasir -- Bindu, P S -- Azam, Matloob -- Gunel, Murat -- Caglayan, Ahmet -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Tolun, Aslihan -- Issa, Mahmoud Y -- Schroth, Jana -- Spencer, Emily G -- Rosti, Rasim O -- Akizu, Naiara -- Vaux, Keith K -- Johansen, Anide -- Koh, Alice A -- Megahed, Hisham -- Durr, Alexandra -- Brice, Alexis -- Stevanin, Giovanni -- Gabriel, Stacy B -- Ideker, Trey -- Gleeson, Joseph G -- HHSN268200782096C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN268201100011/PHS HHS/ -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01HD070494/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS041537/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS048453/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS052455/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):506-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1247363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Exome/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Nucleotides/genetics/metabolism ; Pyramidal Tracts/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/*genetics ; Synapses/physiology ; Transcriptome ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Small aminothiol compounds improve the function of Arg to Cys variant proteins: effect on the human cystathionine {beta}-synthase p.R336C (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: The key regulatory point of L-methionine (Met) and L-homocysteine (Hcy) degradation is catalyzed by cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). CBS deficiency is caused by mutations in CBS gene, often resulting in protein misfolding. The prevalence of CBS deficiency in Qatar is 1/1800, ~200-fold higher than the worldwide prevalence of 1/344 000. Almost all patients bear the CBS p.R336C variant. More than 20 years ago, it was shown in vitro that two unrelated protein variants with a substitution of an arginine (Arg) residue by cysteine (Cys) could be rescued by cysteamine (mercaptoethylamine), likely via formation of a disulfide between Cys and cysteamine, functionally mimicking the wild-type (WT) Arg side-chain. Based on these findings, we aimed to study whether cysteamine was able to improve the function of p.R336C CBS variant. Additionally, we tested the effect of mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a compound with a guanidino and a thiol function that may resemble Arg structure better than cysteamine. Three purified recombinant CBS proteins (p.R336C, p.R336H and WT) were pre-incubated with cysteamine, MEG or Cys (as negative control), and CBS activity and stability were measured. Pre-incubation with cysteamine and MEG increased the enzymatic activity of the p.R336C protein, which was absent upon pre-incubation with Cys. The WT and the p.R336H variant enzyme activity presented no increase with any of the tested compounds. Our results show that cysteamine and MEG are able to specifically improve the function of the CBS p.R336C variant, suggesting that any Arg-to-Cys substitution accessible to these small molecules may be converted back to a moiety resembling Arg.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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