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  • Humans  (3,501)
  • Mutation  (813)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,994)
  • Elsevier
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2000-2004  (3,994)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,994)
  • Elsevier
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Springer  (16)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bream, J H -- Young, H A -- Rice, N -- Martin, M P -- Smith, M W -- Carrington, M -- O'Brien, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):223.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer, Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15224670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology/mortality/*physiopathology ; *Alleles ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, CCR5/*genetics ; Survival Rate ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: An autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop is thought to be essential in generating circadian rhythms in any model organism. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the essential clock protein KaiC is proposed to form this type of transcriptional negative feedback. Nevertheless, we demonstrate here temperature-compensated, robust circadian cycling of KaiC phosphorylation even without kaiBC messenger RNA accumulation under continuous dark conditions. This rhythm persisted in the presence of a transcription or translation inhibitor. Moreover, kinetic profiles in the ratio of KaiC autophosphorylation-dephosphorylation were also temperature compensated in vitro. Thus, the cyanobacterial clock can keep time independent of de novo transcription and translation processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomita, Jun -- Nakajima, Masato -- Kondo, Takao -- Iwasaki, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):251-4. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Darkness ; Feedback, Physiological ; Light ; Mutation ; Operon ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Synechococcus/*genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beehler, Bruce M -- Stevenson, Todd C -- Brown, Michelle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):943-4; author reply 943-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15314793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Industry ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):470-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Congresses as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks ; Financial Support ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Thailand ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bedalov, Antonio -- Simon, Julian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Research Division and J. A. Simon is in the Clinical Research and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. abedalov@fhcrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAD/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Wallerian Degeneration/metabolism/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):966-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Humans ; Inflammation/*complications/immunology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/physiology ; Neoplasms/*etiology/immunology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Computer Simulation ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: The systematic screening of the human genome for genetic variants that affect gene regulation should advance our fundamental understanding of phenotypic diversity and lead to the identification of alleles that modify disease risk. There are several challenges in localizing regulatory polymorphisms, including the wide spectrum of cis-acting regulatory mechanisms, the inconsistent effects of regulatory variants in different tissues, and the difficulty in isolating the causal variants that are in linkage disequilibrium with many other variants. We discuss the current state of knowledge and technologies used for mapping and characterizing genetic variation controlling human gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastinen, Tomi -- Hudson, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Drive Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Allelic Imbalance ; Chromosome Mapping ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission ; *Blood Donors ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Internationality ; *Newspapers as Topic ; Publishing
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: There are 481 segments longer than 200 base pairs (bp) that are absolutely conserved (100% identity with no insertions or deletions) between orthologous regions of the human, rat, and mouse genomes. Nearly all of these segments are also conserved in the chicken and dog genomes, with an average of 95 and 99% identity, respectively. Many are also significantly conserved in fish. These ultraconserved elements of the human genome are most often located either overlapping exons in genes involved in RNA processing or in introns or nearby genes involved in the regulation of transcription and development. Along with more than 5000 sequences of over 100 bp that are absolutely conserved among the three sequenced mammals, these represent a class of genetic elements whose functions and evolutionary origins are yet to be determined, but which are more highly conserved between these species than are proteins and appear to be essential for the ontogeny of mammals and other vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bejerano, Gill -- Pheasant, Michael -- Makunin, Igor -- Stephen, Stuart -- Kent, W James -- Mattick, John S -- Haussler, David -- 1P41HG02371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1321-5. Epub 2004 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. jill@soe.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chickens/genetics ; Computational Biology ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dogs/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats/genetics ; Takifugu/genetics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Death ; Chronic Disease ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Neuralgia/physiopathology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Emotions ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Opioid Peptides/metabolism ; Pain/genetics/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: Pairing, synapsis, and recombination are prerequisites for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. The phs1 gene in maize is required for pairing to occur between homologous chromosomes. In the phs1 mutant, homologous chromosome synapsis is completely replaced by synapsis between nonhomologous partners. The phs1 gene is also required for installation of the meiotic recombination machinery on chromosomes, as the mutant almost completely lacks chromosomal foci of the recombination protein RAD51. Thus, in the phs1 mutant, synapsis is uncoupled from recombination and pairing. The protein encoded by the phs1 gene likely acts in a multistep process to coordinate pairing, recombination, and synapsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pawlowski, Wojciech P -- Golubovskaya, Inna N -- Timofejeva, Ljudmilla -- Meeley, Robert B -- Sheridan, William F -- Cande, W Zacheus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. wpawlows@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Chromosomes, Plant/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Genes, Plant ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling/methods ; *Meiosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/genetics ; Rad51 Recombinase ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Synaptonemal Complex/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Telomere/physiology ; Zea mays/*genetics/physiology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, Lyubomir T -- Vu, Binh T -- Graves, Bradford -- Carvajal, Daisy -- Podlaski, Frank -- Filipovic, Zoran -- Kong, Norman -- Kammlott, Ursula -- Lukacs, Christine -- Klein, Christian -- Fotouhi, Nader -- Liu, Emily A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. lyubomir.vassilev@roche.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Stereoisomerism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):509-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Community Health Workers ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Organizations ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/*epidemiology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: RNA interference (RNAi) is a widespread silencing mechanism that acts at both the posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels. Here, we describe the purification of an RNAi effector complex termed RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing) that is required for heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast. The RITS complex contains Ago1 (the fission yeast Argonaute homolog), Chp1 (a heterochromatin-associated chromodomain protein), and Tas3 (a novel protein). In addition, the complex contains small RNAs that require the Dicer ribonuclease for their production. These small RNAs are homologous to centromeric repeats and are required for the localization of RITS to heterochromatic domains. The results suggest a mechanism for the role of the RNAi machinery and small RNAs in targeting of heterochromatin complexes and epigenetic gene silencing at specific chromosomal loci.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244756/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244756/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdel, Andre -- Jia, Songtao -- Gerber, Scott -- Sugiyama, Tomoyasu -- Gygi, Steven -- Grewal, Shiv I S -- Moazed, Danesh -- R01 GM072805/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072805-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):672-6. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Centromere/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Fungal/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Polycomb group proteins preserve body patterning through development by maintaining transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes. A long-standing hypothesis is that silencing involves creating chromatin structure that is repressive to gene transcription. We demonstrate by electron microscopy that core components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 induce compaction of defined nucleosomal arrays. Compaction by Polycomb proteins requires nucleosomes but not histone tails. Each Polycomb complex can compact about three nucleosomes. A region of Posterior Sex Combs that is important for gene silencing in vivo is also important for chromatin compaction, linking the two activities. This mechanism of chromatin compaction might be central to stable gene silencing by the Polycomb group.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Francis, Nicole J -- Kingston, Robert E -- Woodcock, Christopher L -- GM43786/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NIH-P41-RR01777/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; DNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Protein Conformation ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: We have engineered a pathway for the formation of disulfide bonds. By imposing evolutionary pressure, we isolated mutations that changed thioredoxin, which is a monomeric disulfide reductase, into a [2Fe-2S] bridged dimer capable of catalyzing O2-dependent sulfhydryl oxidation in vitro. Expression of the mutant protein in Escherichia coli with oxidizing cytoplasm and secretion via the Tat pathway restored disulfide bond formation in strains that lacked the complete periplasmic oxidative machinery (DsbA and DsbB). The evolution of [2Fe-2S] thioredoxin illustrates how mutations within an existing scaffold can add a cofactor and markedly change protein function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masip, Lluis -- Pan, Jonathan L -- Haldar, Suranjana -- Penner-Hahn, James E -- DeLisa, Matthew P -- Georgiou, George -- Bardwell, James C A -- Collet, Jean-Francois -- GM-38047/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-55090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-57039/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-64662/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR01633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1185-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cysteine/analysis ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Disulfides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Hirudins/chemistry/metabolism ; Iron/analysis ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Movement ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sulfides/analysis ; Thioredoxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verez-Bencomo, V -- Fernandez-Santana, V -- Hardy, Eugenio -- Toledo, Maria E -- Rodriguez, Maria C -- Heynngnezz, Lazaro -- Rodriguez, Arlene -- Baly, Alberto -- Herrera, Luis -- Izquierdo, Mabel -- Villar, Annette -- Valdes, Yury -- Cosme, Karelia -- Deler, Mercedes L -- Montane, Manuel -- Garcia, Ernesto -- Ramos, Alexis -- Aguilar, Aristides -- Medina, Ernesto -- Torano, Gilda -- Sosa, Ivan -- Hernandez, Ibis -- Martinez, Raydel -- Muzachio, Alexis -- Carmenates, Ania -- Costa, Lourdes -- Cardoso, Felix -- Campa, Concepcion -- Diaz, Manuel -- Roy, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):522-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Synthetic Antigens, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Habana, Ciudad Habana, Cuba, 10400. vicente@fq.uh.cu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/blood ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Glycoconjugates/immunology ; Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage/*chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Infant ; Polysaccharides/*chemical synthesis/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Tetanus Toxoid/immunology ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage/immunology
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coleman, C Norman -- Stone, Helen B -- Moulder, John E -- Pellmar, Terry C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):693-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment & Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Isoflavones/therapeutic use ; Radiation Injuries/*drug therapy/prevention & control ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy ; Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Whole-Body Irradiation/adverse effects
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vigne, J-D -- Guilaine, J -- Debue, K -- Haye, L -- Gerard, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, UMR 5197, C.P. 56, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France. vigne@mnhn.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology ; *Archaeology ; *Burial ; *Cats/anatomy & histology ; Cyprus ; Humans ; Skeleton ; Time
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*transmission/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Zambia
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Frederic -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):483-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Laboratoire RDP UMR 5667, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. frederic.berger@ens-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Seeds/*genetics/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, Claire M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Infective Agents ; *Biomedical Research ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; *Drug Industry ; Global Health ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Infection/drug therapy ; United States ; *Vaccines
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*diagnosis ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):796-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/cytology ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eye ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*analysis ; Humans ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/chemistry/*cytology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/chemistry/cytology ; Polychaeta/chemistry/*cytology/*genetics ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: What are the components that control the assembly of subcellular organelles in eukaryotic cells? Although membranes can clearly be distorted by cytosolic factors, very little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms that control the biogenesis, shape, and organization of organellar membranes. Here, we found that the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) could induce the formation of multivesicular liposomes that resembled the multivesicular endosomes that exist where this lipid is found in vivo. This process depended on the same pH gradient that exists across endosome membranes in vivo and was selectively controlled by Alix. In turn, Alix regulated the organization of LBPA-containing endosomes in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuo, Hirotami -- Chevallier, Julien -- Mayran, Nathalie -- Le Blanc, Isabelle -- Ferguson, Charles -- Faure, Julien -- Blanc, Nathalie Sartori -- Matile, Stefan -- Dubochet, Jacques -- Sadoul, Remy -- Parton, Robert G -- Vilbois, Francis -- Gruenberg, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):531-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annexin A2/metabolism ; Arylsulfonates/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Coloring Agents/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/*metabolism ; Lysophospholipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Monoglycerides ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coplan, Paul M -- Mitchnick, Mark -- Rosenberg, Zeda F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. PCoplan@ipm-microbicides.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravaginal ; Administration, Rectal ; Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Condoms ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Financial Support ; *Government Regulation ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: Polar transport-dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-to-apical shift in PIN localization, resulting in the loss of auxin gradients and strong defects in embryo and seedling roots. Conversely, pid loss of function induces an apical-to-basal shift in PIN1 polar targeting at the inflorescence apex, accompanied by defective organogenesis. Our results show that a PINOID-dependent binary switch controls PIN polarity and mediates changes in auxin flow to create local gradients for patterning processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friml, Jiri -- Yang, Xiong -- Michniewicz, Marta -- Weijers, Dolf -- Quint, Ab -- Tietz, Olaf -- Benjamins, Rene -- Ouwerkerk, Pieter B F -- Ljung, Karin -- Sandberg, Goran -- Hooykaas, Paul J J -- Palme, Klaus -- Offringa, Remko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Meristem/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Seeds/metabolism
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McManamon, Francis P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):612-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bone and Bones ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Research Design ; Skeleton ; United States
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: Attention modulates our subjective perception of time. The less we attend to an event's duration, the shorter it seems to last. Attention to time or color stimulus attributes was modulated parametrically in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Linear increases in task performance were accompanied by corresponding increases in brain activity. Increasing attention to time selectively increased activity in a corticostriatal network, including pre-supplementary motor area and right frontal operculum. Increasing attention to color selectively increased activity in area V4. By identifying areas whose activity was specifically modulated by attention to time, we have defined the core neuroanatomical substrates of timing behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coull, Jennifer T -- Vidal, Franck -- Nazarian, Bruno -- Macar, Francoise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France. jcoull@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Attention ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Color Perception ; Cues ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Task Performance and Analysis ; *Time Perception
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1736.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Crosses, Genetic ; Environment ; Extremities/growth & development ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Seawater ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: The carbon sink capacity of the world's agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of the historic carbon loss of 42 to 78 gigatons of carbon. The rate of soil organic carbon sequestration with adoption of recommended technologies depends on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming system, and soil management. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil restoration and woodland regeneration, no-till farming, cover crops, nutrient management, manuring and sludge application, improved grazing, water conservation and harvesting, efficient irrigation, agroforestry practices, and growing energy crops on spare lands. An increase of 1 ton of soil carbon pool of degraded cropland soils may increase crop yield by 20 to 40 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for wheat, 10 to 20 kg/ha for maize, and 0.5 to 1 kg/ha for cowpeas. As well as enhancing food security, carbon sequestration has the potential to offset fossil fuel emissions by 0.4 to 1.2 gigatons of carbon per year, or 5 to 15% of the global fossil-fuel emissions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lal, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1623-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lal.1@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; *Food ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Poverty ; Soil/*analysis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Europe ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; *Patents as Topic ; *Stem Cells
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNeil, John G -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Birx, Deborah L -- Tramont, Edmund C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, and 2Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA. jomcneil@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Thailand ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamblin, S J -- Haire, L F -- Russell, R J -- Stevens, D J -- Xiao, B -- Ha, Y -- Vasisht, N -- Steinhauer, D A -- Daniels, R S -- Elliot, A -- Wiley, D C -- Skehel, J J -- AI-13654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1544-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Research/*economics ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Politics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1590.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1256034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lan, Qing -- Zhang, Luoping -- Li, Guilan -- Vermeulen, Roel -- Weinberg, Rona S -- Dosemeci, Mustafa -- Rappaport, Stephen M -- Shen, Min -- Alter, Blanche P -- Wu, Yongji -- Kopp, William -- Waidyanatha, Suramya -- Rabkin, Charles -- Guo, Weihong -- Chanock, Stephen -- Hayes, Richard B -- Linet, Martha -- Kim, Sungkyoon -- Yin, Songnian -- Rothman, Nathaniel -- Smith, Martyn T -- P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES05948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06721/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Benzene/*toxicity ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*drug effects ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics ; Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects ; Peroxidase/genetics ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomarkers/analysis ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, Beth -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Wilson, Michael C -- Matheus, Paul E -- Sher, Andrei V -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Barnes, Ian -- Binladen, Jonas -- Willerslev, Eske -- Hansen, Anders J -- Baryshnikov, Gennady F -- Burns, James A -- Davydov, Sergei -- Driver, Jonathan C -- Froese, Duane G -- Harington, C Richard -- Keddie, Grant -- Kosintsev, Pavel -- Kunz, Michael L -- Martin, Larry D -- Stephenson, Robert O -- Storer, John -- Tedford, Richard -- Zimov, Sergei -- Cooper, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1561-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomolecules Centre, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Bison/classification/genetics ; Canada ; China ; *Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Human Activities ; Humans ; North America ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendoza-Londono, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Developing Countries ; *Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Foreign Medical Graduates ; Humans ; *Internship and Residency ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Granulocytes/cytology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood/*pathology ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; beta Catenin
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: One of the important roles of microRNA (miRNA) is to direct the cleavage of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, the mechanisms of decay of the cleaved mRNA products is not well understood. We show that miRNA-directed cleavage products in organisms as diverse as Arabidopsis, mouse, and Epstein-Barr virus have at their 3' ends a stretch (1 to 24 nucleotides) of oligouridine posttranscriptionally added downstream of the cleavage site. This 3' uridine addition, as shown for Arabidopsis, is correlated with decapping and 5' shortening of the cleaved products, suggesting a mechanistic step in the miRNA-directed mRNA decay mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Binzhang -- Goodman, Howard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Poly U/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uridine/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics/physiology ; Japan ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/physiology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy ; Emotions ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: In RNA interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers degradation of homologous messenger RNA. In many organisms, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is required to initiate or amplify RNAi, but the substrate for dsRNA synthesis in vivo is not known. Here, we show that RdRp-dependent transgene silencing in Arabidopsis was caused by mutation of XRN4, which is a ribonuclease (RNase) implicated in mRNA turnover by means of decapping and 5'-3' exonucleolysis. When both XRN4 and the RdRp were mutated, the plants accumulated decapped transgene mRNA. We propose that mRNAs lacking a cap structure become exposed to RdRp to initiate or maintain RNAi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzani, S -- Lawrenson, T -- Woodward, C -- Headon, D -- Sablowski, R -- BBS/E/J/00000594/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Exoribonucleases/genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; RNA Caps ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: Autophagy, the process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and dispose of excess or defective organelles, has entered the research spotlight largely owing to the discovery of the protein components that drive this process. Identifying the autophagy genes in yeast and finding orthologs in other organisms reveals the conservation of the mechanism of autophagy in eukaryotes and allows the use of molecular genetics and biology in different model systems to study this process. By mostly morphological studies, autophagy has been linked to disease processes. Whether autophagy protects from or causes disease is unclear. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the role of autophagy in disease and health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705980/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shintani, Takahiro -- Klionsky, Daniel J -- GM53396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):990-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy/*physiology ; Humans ; Infection/physiopathology ; Muscular Diseases/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Phagosomes/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzaniga, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Beginning of Human Life ; *Cloning, Organism/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Personhood ; Stem Cells ; United States ; Value of Life
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: The protein-remodeling factor Hsp104 governs inheritance of [PSI+], a yeast prion formed by self-perpetuating amyloid conformers of the translation termination factor Sup35. Perplexingly, either excess or insufficient Hsp104 eliminates [PSI+]. In vitro, at low concentrations, Hsp104 catalyzed the formation of oligomeric intermediates that proved critical for the nucleation of Sup 35 fibrillization de novo and displayed a conformation common among amyloidogenic polypeptides. At higher Hsp104 concentrations, amyloidogenic oligomerization and contingent fibrillization were abolished. Hsp104 also disassembled mature fibers in a manner that initially exposed new surfaces for conformational replication but eventually exterminated prion conformers. These Hsp104 activities differed in their reaction mechanism and can explain [PSI+] inheritance patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shorter, James -- Lindquist, Susan -- GM25874/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1793-7. Epub 2004 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies/immunology ; Biopolymers ; Catalysis ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Prions/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidoia, C -- Misgeld, T -- Weinzierl, E -- Buffelli, M -- Feng, G -- Cangiano, A -- Lichtman, J W -- Sanes, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1977; author reply 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita' di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Endplate/ultrastructure ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuromuscular Junction/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile/drug therapy/genetics/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Interleukin-1/genetics/physiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Sialoglycoproteins/therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Up-Regulation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):455-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cloning, Organism ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice/genetics ; Models, Animal ; Mutagenesis ; *Rats/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces a disease similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, yet in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4 is not the viral receptor. We identified a primary receptor for FIV as CD134 (OX40), a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. CD134 expression promotes viral binding and renders cells permissive for viral entry, productive infection, and syncytium formation. Infection is CXCR4-dependent, analogous to infection with X4 strains of HIV. Thus, despite the evolutionary divergence of the feline and human lentiviruses, both viruses use receptors that target the virus to a subset of cells that are pivotal to the acquired immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimojima, Masayuki -- Miyazawa, Takayuki -- Ikeda, Yasuhiro -- McMonagle, Elizabeth L -- Haining, Hayley -- Akashi, Hiroomi -- Takeuchi, Yasuhiro -- Hosie, Margaret J -- Willett, Brian J -- R01 AI49765-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1192-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Cats ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; HIV/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, OX40 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Cell Line ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; Stem Cells ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Anthropology ; *Culture ; History, 16th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, South American/history ; Mathematics ; New Guinea ; Writing/*history
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegal, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. m.siegal@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Cohort Studies ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; *Language ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Movement ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; China ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Japan ; Nigeria ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Utah
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) assesses how people spend their time and how they experience the various activities and settings of their lives, combining features of time-budget measurement and experience sampling. Participants systematically reconstruct their activities and experiences of the preceding day with procedures designed to reduce recall biases. The DRM's utility is shown by documenting close correspondences between the DRM reports of 909 employed women and established results from experience sampling. An analysis of the hedonic treadmill shows the DRM's potential for well-being research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahneman, Daniel -- Krueger, Alan B -- Schkade, David A -- Schwarz, Norbert -- Stone, Arthur A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1776-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Affect ; Data Collection/*methods ; Exercise ; Female ; Friends ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Income ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; *Life Change Events ; Marital Status ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Personality ; *Quality of Life ; Records as Topic ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Work
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects ; Cardiac Output, Low/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Europe ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; *Heart/physiology ; Heart Diseases/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Humans ; Myoblasts/*transplantation ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kafatos, Fotis C -- Eisner, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1257.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Biological Evolution ; *Biological Science Disciplines ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Molecular Biology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Skeleton ; Skull/*anatomy & histology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):784-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Bayes Theorem ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Clinical Protocols ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mammography ; Research Design ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the exquisite power and specificity of the immune system for the treatment of malignancy. Although cancer cells are less immunogenic than pathogens, the immune system is clearly capable of recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. However, tumors frequently interfere with the development and function of immune responses. Thus, the challenge for immunotherapy is to use advances in cellular and molecular immunology to develop strategies that effectively and safely augment antitumor responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blattman, Joseph N -- Greenberg, Philip D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):200-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate ; *Immunotherapy ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfanner, Nikolaus -- Wiedemann, Nils -- Meisinger, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1723-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitat Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. nikolaus.pfanner@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dimerization ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*physiology ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; *Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Potentials ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Models, Biological ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, Tania -- Seymour, Ben -- O'Doherty, John -- Kaube, Holger -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Frith, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1157-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/physiology ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Empathy ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; *Pain ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):394-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antiviral Agents/supply & distribution/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/immunology/pathogenicity ; *Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology/pathogenicity ; Patents as Topic ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs (PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14), affecting 26% of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast, and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift, or splice-site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP (PTPRT) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the mutated tyrosine phosphatases are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zhenghe -- Shen, Dong -- Parsons, D Williams -- Bardelli, Alberto -- Sager, Jason -- Szabo, Steve -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Peters, Brock A -- van der Heijden, Michiel S -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Yan, Hai -- Wang, Tian-Li -- Riggins, Greg -- Powell, Steven M -- Willson, James K V -- Markowitz, Sanford -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain ; Cell Division ; Codon, Nonsense ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*enzymology/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; *DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Markov Chains ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 13 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 3 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5 ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tyrosine/*metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2004-08-17
    Description: The SOS response aids bacterial propagation by inhibiting cell division during repair of DNA damage. We report that inactivation of the ftsI gene product, penicillin binding protein 3, by either beta-lactam antibiotics or genetic mutation induces SOS in Escherichia coli through the DpiBA two-component signal transduction system. This event, which requires the SOS-promoting recA and lexA genes as well as dpiA, transiently halts bacterial cell division, enabling survival to otherwise lethal antibiotic exposure. Our findings reveal defective cell wall synthesis as an unexpected initiator of the bacterial SOS response, indicate that beta-lactam antibiotics are extracellular stimuli of this response, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for mitigation of antimicrobial lethality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Christine -- Thomsen, Line Elnif -- Gaggero, Carina -- Mosseri, Ronen -- Ingmer, Hanne -- Cohen, Stanley N -- R01 AI08619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1629-31. Epub 2004 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ampicillin/*pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Hexosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Lac Operon ; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Operon ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; *Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase ; Peptidyl Transferases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *SOS Response (Genetics) ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis ; beta-Lactams/metabolism/*pharmacology
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gluckman, Peter D -- Hanson, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; *Chronic Disease ; Cues ; Disease/*etiology ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Style ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; *Speech Perception
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfrey, Dale I -- Pellicci, Daniel G -- Smyth, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. godfrey@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD1/immunology ; Antigens, CD1d ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Galactosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Globosides/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mice ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Biotechnology ; Child ; Cuba ; Glycoconjugates/immunology ; *Haemophilus Vaccines/chemical synthesis/immunology ; Haemophilus influenzae type b/*immunology ; Humans ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*immunology ; Tetanus Toxoid/immunology ; *Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Stephen M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1744; author reply 1744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Bedding and Linens ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics ; Insecticides ; Malaria/*prevention & control/transmission ; Research Support as Topic ; Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glass, Roger I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):927.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Communicable Disease Control ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/mortality ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Global Health ; *Health Priorities ; Humans ; *Public Health ; Public Policy ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):34-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Brain/*physiology ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; Fear ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Propranolol/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Psychotherapy ; *Repression, Psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic/drug therapy/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/physiology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Sang-yong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):944-5; author reply 944-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Embryo Research/*ethics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Ethics Committees ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; Korea ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michalakis, Yannis -- Roze, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1492-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS IRD 2724, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. yannis.michalakis@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*genetics/physiology
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Reproductive strategies such as sexual reproduction and recombination that involve the shuffling of parental genomes for the production of offspring are ubiquitous in nature. However, their evolutionary benefit remains unclear. Many theories have identified potential benefits, but progress is hampered by the scarcity of relevant data. One class of theories is based on the assumption that mutations affecting fitness exhibit negative epistasis. Retroviruses recombine frequently and thus provide a unique opportunity to test these theories. Using amino acid sequence data and fitness values from 9466 human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolates, we find in contrast to these theories strong statistical evidence for a predominance of positive epistasis in HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonhoeffer, Sebastian -- Chappey, Colombe -- Parkin, Neil T -- Whitcomb, Jeanette M -- Petropoulos, Christos J -- R43 AI050321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R43 AI057068/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1547-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolution, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum NW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. seb@env.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; HIV-1/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Software ; Virus Replication
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sodersten, Per -- Bergh, Cecilia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Anorexia Nervosa/*drug therapy ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Serotonin/physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonati, Maurizio -- Pandolfini, Chiara -- Clavenna, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Europe ; Humans ; Internet ; *Pediatrics ; *Registries
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Theory on the evolution of virulence generally predicts selection for an optimal level of virulence determined by trade-offs with transmission and/or recovery. Here we consider the evolution of pathogen virulence in hosts who acquire long-lived immunity and live in a spatially structured population. We show theoretically that large shifts in virulence may occur in pathogen populations as a result of a bistability in evolutionary dynamics caused by the local contact or social population structure of the host. This model provides an explanation for the rapid emergence of the highly virulent strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boots, M -- Hudson, P J -- Sasaki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. m.boots@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Virulence/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Death ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Exercise ; Hippocampus/*cytology/physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Memory ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/*physiopathology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: During embryogenesis, differentiation of skeletal muscle is regulated by transcription factors that include members of the Msx homeoprotein family. By investigating Msx1 function in repression of myogenic gene expression, we identified a physical interaction between Msx1 and H1b, a specific isoform of mouse histone H1. We found that Msx1 and H1b bind to a key regulatory element of MyoD, a central regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, where they induce repressed chromatin. Moreover, Msx1 and H1b cooperate to inhibit muscle differentiation in cell culture and in Xenopus animal caps. Our findings define a previously unknown function for "linker" histones in gene-specific transcriptional regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Hansol -- Habas, Raymond -- Abate-Shen, Cory -- HD29446/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; MSX1 Transcription Factor ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; *Muscle Development ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; Mutation ; MyoD Protein/genetics ; Myoblasts/*cytology/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus/embryology/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Canada ; *Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/toxicity ; Flame Retardants/*analysis/*toxicity ; Humans ; Milk, Human/*chemistry ; Phenyl Ethers/*analysis/blood/*toxicity ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):168-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genetic Privacy ; Genetics, Population ; *Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Medical Records/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):207.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; *Receptors, Odorant/genetics/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; United States
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: The multibillion-dollar trade in bushmeat is among the most immediate threats to the persistence of tropical vertebrates, but our understanding of its underlying drivers and effects on human welfare is limited by a lack of empirical data. We used 30 years of data from Ghana to link mammal declines to the bushmeat trade and to spatial and temporal changes in the availability of fish. We show that years of poor fish supply coincided with increased hunting in nature reserves and sharp declines in biomass of 41 wildlife species. Local market data provide evidence of a direct link between fish supply and subsequent bushmeat demand in villages and show bushmeat's role as a dietary staple in the region. Our results emphasize the urgent need to develop cheap protein alternatives to bushmeat and to improve fisheries management by foreign and domestic fleets to avert extinctions of tropical wildlife.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brashares, Justin S -- Arcese, Peter -- Sam, Moses K -- Coppolillo, Peter B -- Sinclair, A R E -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1180-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. brashares@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Supply ; Ghana ; Humans ; *Mammals ; *Meat ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: Endogenous opioid binding to micro receptors is hypothesized to mediate natural rewards and has been proposed to be the basis of infant attachment behavior. Here, we report that micro-opioid receptor knockout mouse pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations when removed from their mothers but not when exposed to cold or male mice odors. Moreover these knockout pups do not show a preference toward their mothers' cues and do not show ultrasonic calls potentiation after brief maternal exposure. Results from this study may indicate a molecular mechanism for diseases characterized by deficits in attachment behavior, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moles, Anna -- Kieffer, Brigitte L -- D'Amato, Francesca R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1983-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Viale Marx 43, 00137 Roma, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bedding and Linens ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; Female ; Genotype ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Maternal Deprivation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mothers ; Mutation ; *Object Attachment ; Odors ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/*physiology ; Reward ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):741.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Sexuality ; United States
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Zena -- Susser, Mervyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Condoms ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; United States
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cervix Uteri/*chemistry ; Collagen/analysis ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology ; Myometrium/*physiology ; *Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: The field of immunotherapy holds clear promise not only for the development of new approaches to cancer and other diseases, but also for providing fundamental insight into the human immune response. In order for this promise to be realized, however, the scientific community must overcome an array of challenges. These challenges reflect not only the difficulties inherent in conducting investigations in human patients, but also difficulties created by the culture and practice of our own institutions, reward structure, and funding mechanisms. We suggest steps to be taken to reinvigorate basic research in human subjects as part of the mainstream of science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinman, Ralph M -- Mellman, Ira -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):197-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. steinma@mail.rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Immune System/physiology ; Immune Tolerance ; *Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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