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  • 1
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    Rapid and reversible effects of activity on acetylcholine receptor density at the neuromuscular junction in vivo (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Quantitative fluorescence imaging was used to study the regulation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) number and density at neuromuscular junctions in living adult mice. At fully functional synapses, AChRs have a half-life of about 14 days. However, 2 hours after neurotransmission was blocked, the half-life of the AChRs was now less than a day; the rate was 25 times faster than before. Most of the lost receptors were not quickly replaced. Direct muscle stimulation or restoration of synaptic transmission inhibited this process. AChRs that were removed from nonfunctional synapses resided for hours in the perijunctional membrane before being locally internalized. Dispersed AChRs could also reaggregate at the junction once neurotransmission was restored. The rapid and reversible alterations in AChR density at the neuromuscular junction in vivo parallel changes thought to occur in the central nervous system at synapses undergoing potentiation and depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akaaboune, M -- Culican, S M -- Turney, S G -- Lichtman, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. mohammed@nmj.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bungarotoxins/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Curare/pharmacology ; Diffusion ; Electric Stimulation ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Half-Life ; Mice ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Denervation ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/pharmacology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism ; Rhodamines/pharmacology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hyperinnervation of neuromuscular junctions caused by GDNF overexpression in muscle (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: Overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) by muscle greatly increased the number of motor axons innervating neuromuscular junctions in neonatal mice. The extent of hyperinnervation correlated with the amount of GDNF expressed in four transgenic lines. Overexpression of GDNF by glia and overexpression of neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4 in muscle did not cause hyperinnervation. Thus, increased amounts of GDNF in postsynaptic target cells can regulate the number of innervating axons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nguyen, Q T -- Parsadanian, A S -- Snider, W D -- Lichtman, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1725-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Myogenin/genetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/*ultrastructure ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Synapses/physiology ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Alterations in synaptic strength preceding axon withdrawal (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-17
    Description: Permanent removal of axonal input to postsynaptic cells helps shape the pattern of neuronal connections in response to experience, but the process is poorly understood. Intracellular recording from newborn and adult mouse muscle fibers temporarily innervated by two axons showed an increasing disparity in the synaptic strengths of the two inputs before one was eliminated. The connection that survived gained strength by increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released (quantal content), whereas the input that was subsequently removed became progressively weaker, because of a reduction in quantal content and a reduction in quantal efficacy associated with reduced postsynaptic receptor density. Once the synaptic strengths of two inputs began to diverge, complete axonal withdrawal of the weaker input occurred within 1 to 2 days. These experiments provide a link between experience-driven changes in synaptic strength and long-term changes in connectivity in the mammalian nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colman, H -- Nabekura, J -- Lichtman, J W -- NS 20364/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 34448/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):356-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Box 8108, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Action Potentials ; Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Comment on "Reelin promotes peripheral synapse elimination and maturation" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidoia, C -- Misgeld, T -- Weinzierl, E -- Buffelli, M -- Feng, G -- Cangiano, A -- Lichtman, J W -- Sanes, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1977; author reply 1977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita' di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Endplate/ultrastructure ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuromuscular Junction/*growth & development/physiology/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Synaptic segregation at the developing neuromuscular junction (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-20
    Description: Throughout the developing nervous system, competition between axons causes the permanent removal of some synaptic connections. In mouse neuromuscular junctions at birth, terminal branches of different axons are intermingled. However, during the several weeks after birth, these branches progressively segregated into nonoverlapping compartments before the complete withdrawal of all but one axon. Segregation was caused by selective branch atrophy, detachment, and withdrawal; the axon branches that were nearest to the competitor's branches were removed before the more distant branches were removed. This progression suggests that the signals that mediate the competitive removal of synapses must decrease in potency over short distances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gan, W B -- Lichtman, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8108, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9822385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neuromuscular Junction/chemistry/*growth & development/*ultrastructure ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Receptors, Cholinergic/analysis ; Synapses/physiology/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The big and the small: challenges of imaging the brain's circuits (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: The relation between the structure of the nervous system and its function is more poorly understood than the relation between structure and function in any other organ system. We explore why bridging the structure-function divide is uniquely difficult in the brain. These difficulties also explain the thrust behind the enormous amount of innovation centered on microscopy in neuroscience. We highlight some recent progress and the challenges that remain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtman, Jeff W -- Denk, Winfried -- 43667/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):618-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1209168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jeff@mcb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Microscopy ; *Nerve Net ; *Neural Pathways ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Distinct profiles of myelin distribution along single axons of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Myelin is a defining feature of the vertebrate nervous system. Variability in the thickness of the myelin envelope is a structural feature affecting the conduction of neuronal signals. Conversely, the distribution of myelinated tracts along the length of axons has been assumed to be uniform. Here, we traced high-throughput electron microscopy reconstructions of single axons of pyramidal neurons in the mouse neocortex and built high-resolution maps of myelination. We find that individual neurons have distinct longitudinal distribution of myelin. Neurons in the superficial layers displayed the most diversified profiles, including a new pattern where myelinated segments are interspersed with long, unmyelinated tracts. Our data indicate that the profile of longitudinal distribution of myelin is an integral feature of neuronal identity and may have evolved as a strategy to modulate long-distance communication in the neocortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4122120/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4122120/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomassy, Giulio Srubek -- Berger, Daniel R -- Chen, Hsu-Hsin -- Kasthuri, Narayanan -- Hayworth, Kenneth J -- Vercelli, Alessandro -- Seung, H Sebastian -- Lichtman, Jeff W -- Arlotta, Paola -- 1P50MH094271/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS062849/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS078164/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH094271/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB016411/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS062849/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078164/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):319-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1249766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Neocortex/*cytology/physiology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Elimination of synapses in the developing nervous system (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Reduction of the number of axons that contact target cells may be a general feature of neural development. This process may underlie the progressively restricted malleability of the maturing nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purves, D -- Lichtman, J W -- 5T32 GMO7200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-11699/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):153-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Ganglia, Autonomic/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Nervous System/*growth & development ; Neural Pathways/growth & development ; Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure ; Synapses/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geometrical differences among homologous neurons in mammals (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: The dendritic arbors of sympathetic neurons in different species of mammals vary systematically: the superior cervical ganglion cells of smaller mammals have fewer and less extensive dendrites than the homologous neurons in larger animals. This difference in dendritic complexity according to body size is reflected in the convergence of ganglionic innervation; the ganglion cells of progressively larger mammals are innervated by progressively more axons. These relations have implications both for the function of homologous neural systems in animals of different sizes and for the regulation of neuronal geometry during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purves, D -- Lichtman, J W -- NS 11699/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 18629/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):298-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Body Constitution ; Cricetinae ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/ultrastructure ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Neurons/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Correlative light and electron microscopy using cathodoluminescence from nanoparticles with distinguishable colours (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-16
    Description: Correlative light and electron microscopy promises to combine molecular specificity with nanoscale imaging resolution. However, there are substantial technical challenges including reliable co-registration of optical and electron images, and rapid optical signal degradation under electron beam irradiation. Here, we introduce a new approach to solve these problems: imaging of stable optical cathodoluminescence emitted in a scanning electron microscope by nanoparticles with controllable surface chemistry. We demonstrate well-correlated cathodoluminescence and secondary electron images using three species of semiconductor nanoparticles that contain defects providing stable, spectrally-distinguishable cathodoluminescence. We also demonstrate reliable surface functionalization of the particles. The results pave the way for the use of such nanoparticles for targeted labeling of surfaces to provide nanoscale mapping of molecular composition, indicated by cathodoluminescence colour, simultaneously acquired with structural electron images in a single instrument. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00865
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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